Mt1.1 Matthew being one of the twelve apostles, and early called to the apostleship, and from the time of his call a constant attendant on our Saviour, was perfectly well qualified to write fully the history of his life. He relates what he saw and heard. He is eminently distinguished for the distinctness and particularity with which he has related many of our Lord's discourses and moral instructions. Of these his sermon on the mount, his charge to the apostles, his illustrations of the nature of his kingdom, and his prophecy on mount Olivet, are examples. He has also wonderfully united simplicity and energy in relating the replies of his Master to the cavils of his adversaries. There is not, as Dr. A. Clarke justly remarks, one truth or doctrine, in the whole oracles of God, which is not taught in this Evangelist. The outlines of the whole spiritual system are here correctly laid down: even Paul himself has added nothing: he has amplified and illustrated the truths contained in this Gospel;--under the inspiration of the Holy Ghost, neither he, nor any of the other apostles, have brought to light one truth, the prototype of which has not been found in the words and acts of our blessed Lord as related by Matthew. 01 The genealogy of Christ from Abraham to Joseph 18 He is miraculously conceived of the Holy Ghost by the Virgin Mary, when she was espoused to Joseph 19 The angel satisfies the doubts of Joseph, and declares the names and office of Christ: Jesus is born -Mt1.2 -Mt1.3 -Mt1.4 -Mt1.5 -Mt1.6 -Mt1.7 -Mt1.8 -Mt1.9 -Mt1.10 -Mt1.11 Jechonias. Jechonias -Mt1.12 -Mt1.13 -Mt1.14 -Mt1.14 -Mt1.16 -Mt1.14 -Mt1.18 -Mt1.19 -Mt1.20 -Mt1.21 -Mt1.22 -Mt1.23 Emmanuel -Mt1.24 -Mt1.25 Mt2.1 01 The wise men from the east enquire after Christ 03 at which Herod is alarmed 09 They are directed by a star to Bethlehem, worship him, and offer their presents 13 Joseph flees into Egypt with Jesus and his mother 16 Herod slays the children 20 himself dies 23 Christ is brought back again into Galilee to Nazareth the Connection of the Old and New Testaments in the Comprehensive Bible -Mt2.2 -Mt2.3 -Mt2.4 -Mt2.5 -Mt2.6 -Mt2.7 -Mt2.8 -Mt2.9 -Mt2.10 -Mt2.11 -Mt2.12 -Mt2.13 -Mt2.14 -Mt2.15 -Mt2.16 -Mt2.17 -Mt2.18 -Mt2.19 -Mt2.20 -Mt2.21 -Mt2.22 -Mt2.23 Mt3.1 01 John preaches: his office, life, and baptism 07 He reprehends the Pharisees 13 and baptizes Christ in Jordan 00050-891230-0400 -Mt3.2 -Mt3.3 -Mt3.4 -Mt3.5 -Mt3.6 -Mt3.7 -Mt3.8 -Mt3.9 -Mt3.10 -Mt3.11 -Mt3.12 -Mt3.13 -Mt3.14 -Mt3.15 -Mt3.16 -Mt3.17 Mt4.1 01 Christ fasting forty days, is tempted of the devil and ministered unto by angels 12 He dwells in Capernaum 17 begins to preach 18 calls Peter and Andrew 21 James and John 23 teaches and heals all the diseased -Mt4.2 -Mt4.3 -Mt4.4 God is pleased to appoint; for which generally signifies a word, is, by a Hebraism, here taken for a thing, like davar, in Hebrew. -Mt4.5 -Mt4.6 -Mt4.7 -Mt4.8 -Mt4.9 -Mt4.10 -Mt4.11 -Mt4.12 -Mt4.13 -Mt4.14 -Mt4.15 -Mt4.16 -Mt4.17 -Mt4.18 -Mt4.19 -Mt4.20 -Mt4.21 -Mt4.22 -Mt4.23 -Mt4.24 -Mt4.25 Mt5.1 01 Christ's sermon on the mount 03 Who are blessed 13 the salt of the earth 14 the light of the world 17 He came to fulfil the law 21 What it is to kill 27 to commit adultery 33 to swear 38 He exhorts to suffer wrong 43 to love our enemies 48 and to labour after perfection -Mt5.2 -Mt5.3 -Mt5.4 -Mt5.5 -Mt5.6 -Mt5.7 -Mt5.8 -Mt5.9 -Mt5.10 -Mt5.11 -Mt5.12 -Mt5.13 -Mt5.14 -Mt5.15 -Mt5.16 -Mt5.17 -Mt5.18 -Mt5.19 -Mt5.20 -Mt5.21 -Mt5.22 consisting of 23 members, which punished criminals by strangling or beheading. punished by stoning. -Mt5.23 -Mt5.24 -Mt5.25 -Mt5.26 -Mt5.27 -Mt5.28 -Mt5.29 -Mt5.30 -Mt5.31 -Mt5.32 -Mt5.33 -Mt5.34 -Mt5.35 -Mt5.36 -Mt5.37 -Mt5.38 -Mt5.39 -Mt5.40 -Mt5.41 -Mt5.42 -Mt5.43 -Mt5.44 -Mt5.45 -Mt5.46 -Mt5.47 -Mt5.48 Mt6.1 01 Chirst continues his sermon on the mount, exhorting not to be careful for worldly things 33 but to seek God's kingdom -Mt6.2 -Mt6.3 -Mt6.4 -Mt6.5 -Mt6.6 -Mt6.7 -Mt6.8 -Mt6.9 -Mt6.10 -Mt6.11 -Mt6.12 -Mt6.13 -Mt6.14 -Mt6.16 -Mt6.16 -Mt6.17 -Mt6.18 -Mt6.19 -Mt6.20 -Mt6.21 -Mt6.22 -Mt6.23 -Mt6.24 -Mt6.25 -Mt6.26 -Mt6.27 -Mt6.28 -Mt6.29 -Mt6.30 -Mt6.31 -Mt6.32 -Mt6.33 -Mt6.34 Mt7.1 01 Christ, continuing his sermon on the mount, reproves rash judgement, etc. 28 Christ ends his sermon, and the people are astonished -Mt7.2 -Mt7.3 -Mt7.5 -Mt7.5 -Mt7.6 -Mt7.7 -Mt7.8 -Mt7.9 -Mt7.5 -Mt7.11 -Mt7.12 -Mt7.13 -Mt7.14 -Mt7.15 -Mt7.16 -Mt7.17 -Mt7.18 -Mt7.19 -Mt7.20 -Mt7.21 -Mt7.22 -Mt7.23 -Mt7.24 -Mt7.25 -Mt7.26 -Mt7.27 -Mt7.28 -Mt7.29 Mt8.1 01 Christ cleanses the leper 05 heals the centurion's servant 14 Peter's mother in law 16 and many other diseased 18 shews how he is to be followed, 23 stills the tempest on the sea 28 drives the devils out of two men possessed 31 and suffers them to go into the swine -Mt8.2 -Mt8.3 -Mt8.4 -Mt8.5 this officer may be concluded to have been a Gentile. (see fuller particulars under Mark 15.39). -Mt8.6 -Mt8.7 -Mt8.8 -Mt8.9 -Mt8.10 -Mt8.11 recumbent posture used by the easterns at their meals -Mt8.12 -Mt8.13 -Mt8.14 -Mt8.15 -Mt8.16 -Mt8.17 -Mt8.18 -Mt8.19 -Mt8.20 -Mt8.21 -Mt8.22 -Mt8.23 -Mt8.24 -Mt8.25 -Mt8.26 -Mt8.27 -Mt8.28 of the ancient Girgashites; but it is more probable that Gergesenes was introduced by Origen upon mere conjecture; as before him most copies seem to have read Gadarenes, agreeable to the Parallel Passages and the ancient Syriac version. Gadara, says Josephus, was the metropolis of Peraea, or the region beyond Jordan; and he also observes that it was sixty furlongs, or about eight miles from Tiberias. It is therefore rightly placed opposite Tiberias, at the southeast end of the lake. Pliny says it was called Hippodion, was one of the cities of Decapolis, and had the river Hieromax, or Jarmouk, flowing before it. It was of heathen jurisdiction; whence perhaps it was destroyed by the Jews; but was rebuilt by Pompey, and joined to the province of Syria. Augustus afterwards gave it to Herod, on whose death it was again annexed to Syria. It is now called Om Keis; its ruins are in a very multilated state, and when visited by Burckhardt it had not a single inhabitant. The remains of the sepulchral caverns in which the demoniacs abode are still to be seen. -Mt8.29 -Mt8.30 -Mt8.31 -Mt8.32 -Mt8.33 -Mt8.34 Mt9.1 01 Christ cures one sick of the palsy 09 calls Matthew from the receipt of custom 10 eats with publicans and sinners 14 defends his disciples for not fasting 20 cures the bloody issue 23 raises from death Jairus' daughter 27 gives sight to two blind men 32 heals a dumb man possessed of a devil 36 and has compassion on the multitude -Mt9.2 an affirmation, not a prayer or wish. The word be, however, was used by our translators in the indicative plural for are. As the palsy is frequently produced by intemperance, it is probable, from our Lord's gracious declaration, that it was the case in the present instance. -Mt9.3 -Mt9.4 -Mt9.5 -Mt9.6 -Mt9.8 -Mt9.8 -Mt9.9 -Mt9.10 -Mt9.11 -Mt9.12 -Mt9.13 -Mt9.14 -Mt9.15 -Mt9.16 -Mt9.17 -Mt9.18 -Mt9.19 -Mt9.20 -Mt9.21 -Mt9.22 -Mt9.23 -Mt9.24 -Mt9.25 -Mt9.26 -Mt9.27 -Mt9.28 -Mt9.29 -Mt9.30 -Mt9.31 -Mt9.32 -Mt9.33 -Mt9.34 -Mt9.35 -Mt9.36 -Mt9.37 -Mt9.38 Mt10.1 01 Christ sends out his twelve apostles, enabling them with power to do miracles 05 giving them their charge, teaches them 16 comforts them against persecutions 40 and promises a blessing to those that receive them -Mt10.2 -Mt10.3 -Mt10.4 -Mt10.5 -Mt10.6 -Mt10.7 -Mt10.8 -Mt10.9 -Mt10.10 -Mt10.11 -Mt10.12 -Mt10.13 -Mt10.14 -Mt10.15 -Mt10.16 -Mt10.17 -Mt10.18 -Mt10.19 -Mt10.20 -Mt10.21 -Mt10.22 -Mt10.23 -Mt10.24 -Mt10.25 -Mt10.26 -Mt10.27 -Mt10.28 -Mt10.29 the Roman penny. -Mt10.30 -Mt10.31 -Mt10.32 -Mt10.33 -Mt10.34 -Mt10.35 -Mt10.36 -Mt10.37 -Mt10.38 -Mt10.39 -Mt10.40 -Mt10.41 -Mt10.42 Mt11.1 01 John sends his disciples to Christ 07 Christ's testimony concerning John 16 The perverse judgment of the people 20 Christ upbraids Chorazin, Bethsaida, and Capernaum 25 and praising his Father's wisdom in revealing the Gospel to the simple 28 he calls to him all such as feel the burden of their sins. -Mt11.2 -Mt11.3 -Mt11.4 -Mt11.5 -Mt11.6 -Mt11.7 -Mt11.8 -Mt11.9 -Mt11.10 -Mt11.11 -Mt11.12 force, and they that thrust men take, etc. -Mt11.13 -Mt11.14 -Mt11.15 -Mt11.16 -Mt11.17 -Mt11.18 -Mt11.19 -Mt11.20 -Mt11.21 -Mt11.22 -Mt11.23 -Mt11.24 -Mt11.25 -Mt11.26 -Mt11.27 -Mt11.28 -Mt11.29 -Mt11.30 Mt12.1 01 Christ reproves the blindness of the Pharisees concerning the breach of the sabbath 03 by scripture 09 by reason 13 and by a miracle 22 He heals a man possessed that was blind and dumb 24 and confuting the absurd charge of casting out devils by Beelzebub, he shews that blasphemy against the Holy Ghost shall never be forgiven 36 Account shall be made of idle words 38 He rebukes the unfaithful, who seek after a sign 46 and shews who is his brother, sister, and mother. -Mt12.2 -Mt12.3 -Mt12.4 -Mt12.5 -Mt12.6 -Mt12.7 humanity, rather than sacrifice. -Mt12.8 -Mt12.9 -Mt12.10 -Mt12.11 such things were lawful on the sabbath day, and our Saviour very properly appealed to their cacons in vindication of his intention to heal the distressed man. -Mt12.12 -Mt12.13 -Mt12.14 -Mt12.15 -Mt12.16 -Mt12.17 -Mt12.18 the Targumist, who renders, Behold my servant the Messiah, etc. ha avdi mesheecha; and it was amply fulfilled in the gentle, lowly, condescending and beneficent nature of Christ's miracles and personal ministry, his perseverance in the midst of opposition, without engaging in contentious disputation, and his kind and tender dealing with weak and tempted believers. -Mt12.19 -Mt12.20 -Mt12.21 -Mt12.22 -Mt12.23 -Mt12.24 -Mt12.25 -Mt12.26 -Mt12.27 -Mt12.28 -Mt12.29 -Mt12.30 -Mt12.31 smite with words, or reports, when applied to men denotes injurious speaking, or calumny, and when used in reference to God signifies speaking impiously of his nature, attributes, and works. -Mt12.32 -Mt12.33 -Mt12.34 -Mt12.35 -Mt12.36 effect, and is not calculated to produce any. Discourse, says Dr. Doodridge, tending to innocent mirth, to exhilarate the spirits, is not idle discourse; as the time spent in necessary recreation is not idle time. -Mt12.37 -Mt12.38 -Mt12.39 -Mt12.40 -Mt12.41 -Mt12.42 -Mt12.43 some have supposed, our Lord would scarcely have appealed to a case of this kind here, to point out the real state of the Jewish people, and their approaching desolation. Had this been only a vulgar error, of the nonsense of which the learned scribes and wise Pharisees must have been convinced, the case, not being in point, because not true, must have been treated with contempt by the very people for whose conviction it was designed. -Mt12.44 -Mt12.45 totally abandoned to diabolical influence, till the besom of destruction swept them away. -Mt12.46 -Mt12.47 -Mt12.48 -Mt12.49 -Mt12.50 Mt13.1 01 The parable of the sower and the seed 18 the exposition of it 24 The parable of the tares 31 of the mustard seed 33 of the leaven 36 exposition of the parable of the tares 44 The parable of the hidden treasure 45 of the pearl 47 of the dragnet cast into the sea 53 Christ is contemned of his own countrymen. -Mt13.2 vessel kept on the lake for the use of Christ and his disciples. -Mt13.3 comparison or similitude, in which one thing is compared with another, especially spiritual things with natural, by which means those spiritual things are better understood, and make a deeper impression on a honest and attentive mind. In a parable, a resemblance in the principal incidents is all that is required; smaller matters being considered as a sort of drapery. Maimonides, in Moreh Nevochim, gives an excellent rule on this head: Fix it as a principle to attach yourself to the grand object of the parable, without attempting to make a particular application of all the circumstances and terms which it comprehends. -Mt13.4 -Mt13.5 -Mt13.6 -Mt13.7 -Mt13.8 -Mt13.9 -Mt13.10 -Mt13.11 -Mt13.12 -Mt13.13 -Mt13.14 -Mt13.15 -Mt13.16 -Mt13.17 -Mt13.18 -Mt13.19 -Mt13.20 -Mt13.21 -Mt13.22 -Mt13.23 -Mt13.24 -Mt13.25 -Mt13.26 -Mt13.27 -Mt13.28 -Mt13.29 -Mt13.30 -Mt13.31 -Mt13.32 -Mt13.33 wanting a little more than a pint. -Mt13.34 -Mt13.35 -Mt13.36 -Mt13.37 -Mt13.38 -Mt13.39 -Mt13.40 -Mt13.41 -Mt13.42 -Mt13.43 -Mt13.44 -Mt13.45 -Mt13.46 -Mt13.47 -Mt13.48 -Mt13.49 -Mt13.50 -Mt13.51 -Mt13.52 -Mt13.53 -Mt13.54 -Mt13.55 -Mt13.47 -Mt13.57 -Mt13.58 Mt14.1 01 Herod's opinion of Christ 03 Wherefore John Baptist was beheaded 13 Jesus departs into a desert place 15 where he feeds five thousand men with five loves and two fishes 22 He walks on the sea to his disciples 34 and landing at Gennesaret, heals the sick by touch by the hem of his garments Malthace, and tetrarch of Galilee and Peraea, which produced a revenue of 200 talents a year. He married the daughter of Aretas, king of Arabia, whom he devorced in order to marry Herodias, the wife of his brother Philip, who was still living. Aretas, to revenge the affront which Herod had ordered his daughter, declared war against him,and vanquished him after an obstinate engagement. This defeat, Josephus assures us, the Jews considered as a punishment for the death of John the Baptist. Having gone to Rome to solicit the title of king, he was accused by Agrippa of carring on a correspondence with Artabanus king of Parthia, against the Romans, and was banished by the emperor Caius to Lyons, and thence to Spain, where he and Herodias died in exil. -Mt14.2 -Mt14.3 and Berenice, and granddaughter of Herod the Great. -Mt14.4 -Mt14.5 -Mt14.6 -Mt14.7 -Mt14.8 -Mt14.9 -Mt14.10 imprisoned and beheaded by Herod in the strong castle of Machaerus, which he describes as situated about 60 stadia east of Jordan, not far from where the river discharges itself into the Dead Sea. -Mt14.11 -Mt14.12 -Mt14.13 -Mt14.14 -Mt14.15 -Mt14.16 -Mt14.17 -Mt14.18 -Mt14.19 -Mt14.20 -Mt14.21 -Mt14.22 -Mt14.23 -Mt14.24 -Mt14.25 four watches; the first was from six o'clock in the evening till nine, the second from nine to twelve, the third from twelve till three, and the fourth from three till six; so that it probably began to be daylight before our Lord came to his disciples. proper manifestation of omnipotence. -Mt14.26 -Mt14.27 -Mt14.28 -Mt14.29 -Mt14.30 -Mt14.31 -Mt14.32 -Mt14.33 -Mt14.34 which were situated the cities of Tiberias and Capernaum, extending along the western shore of the lake to which it gave name, about 30 stadia, or nearly four miles, in length, and twenty stadia, or two miles and a half, in breadth, according to Josephus. -Mt14.35 -Mt14.36 Mt15.1 01 Chirst reproves the Scribes and Pharisees for transgressing God's commandments through their own traditions, 10 teaches how that which goes into the mouth does not defile a man 21 He heals the daughter of the woman of Canaan 29 and other great multitudes 32 and with seven loaves and a few little fishes feeds four thousand men, beside women and children -Mt15.2 deliver, hand down, exactly agreeing with the original, from I deliver, transmit. Among the Jews it signifies what is called oral law, which they say has been successively handed down from Moses, through every generation, to Judah the Holy, who compiled and digested it into the Mishneh, to explain which the two Gemaras, or Talmuds, called the Jerusalem and Babylonish, were composed. Of the estimation in which these were held by the Jews, the following may serve as an example; The words of the Scribes are lovely beyond the words of the law, for the words of the law are weighty and light, but the words of the Scribes are all weighty. -Mt15.3 -Mt15.4 -Mt15.5 -Mt15.6 -Mt15.7 -Mt15.8 -Mt15.9 -Mt15.10 -Mt15.11 -Mt15.12 -Mt15.13 -Mt15.14 -Mt15.15 -Mt15.16 -Mt15.17 -Mt15.18 -Mt15.19 -Mt15.20 -Mt15.21 -Mt15.22 -Mt15.23 -Mt15.24 -Mt15.25 -Mt15.26 dog. The Jews, while they boasted of being the children of God, gave the name of dogs to the heathen, for their idolatry, etc. -Mt15.27 -Mt15.28 commended her faith, and assured her that her daughter was healed. -Mt15.29 -Mt15.30 -Mt15.31 -Mt15.32 -Mt15.33 -Mt15.34 -Mt15.35 -Mt15.36 -Mt15.37 -Mt15.39 -Mt15.39 Mt16.1 01 The Pharisees require a sign 05 Jesus warns his disciples of the leaven of the Pharisees and Sadducees 13 The people's opinion of Christ 16 and Peter's confession of him 21 Jesus foreshews his death 23 reproves Peter for dissuading him from it 24 and admonishes those that will follow him, to bear the cross -Mt16.2 -Mt16.3 -Mt16.4 wicked -Mt16.5 -Mt16.6 -Mt16.7 -Mt16.8 -Mt16.9 -Mt16.10 -Mt16.11 -Mt16.12 -Mt16.13 Paneas, from the mountain of Panium, or Hermon, at the foot of which it was situated, near the springs of Jordan; but Philip the tetrarch, the son of Herod the Great, having rebuilt it, gave it the name of Caesarea in honour of Tiberius, the reigning emperor, and he added his own name to it, to distinguish it from another Caesarea on the coast of the Mediterranean. It was afterwards named Neronias by the young Agrippa, in honour of Nero; and in the time of William of Tyre, it was called Belinas. It was, according to Josephus, a day's journey from Sidon, to Abulfeda, a journey of a day and a half from Damascus. Many have confounded it with Dan, or Leshem; but Eusebius and Jerome expressly affirm that Dan was four miles from Paneas, on the road to Tyre. It is now called Banias, and is described, by Seetzen, as a hamlet of about twenty miserable huts, inhabited by Mohammedans; but Burckhardt says it contains about 150 houses, inhabited by Turks, Greeks, etc. -Mt16.14 -Mt16.15 -Mt16.16 -Mt16.17 -Mt16.18 -Mt16.19 -Mt16.20 -Mt16.21 -Mt16.22 -Mt16.23 -Mt16.24 -Mt16.25 -Mt16.26 -Mt16.27 -Mt16.28 our Lord was about to set up, by the destruction of the Jewish nation and polity, and the diffusion of the gospel throughout the world. Mt17.1 01 The transfiguration of Christ 14 He heals the lunatic 22 foretells his own passion 24 and pays tribute -Mt17.3 -Mt17.4 -Mt17.5 -Mt17.6 -Mt17.7 -Mt17.8 -Mt17.9 -Mt17.10 -Mt17.11 -Mt17.12 -Mt17.13 -Mt17.14 -Mt17.15 and full of the moon. This is the case in some kinds of madness and epilepsy. This youth was no doubt epileptic; but it was evidently either produced or taken advantage of by a demon or evil spirit. -Mt17.16 -Mt17.17 -Mt17.18 -Mt17.19 -Mt17.20 increasing faith, like a grain of mustard seed, which, from being the least of seeds, becomes the greatest of all herbs. -Mt17.21 -Mt17.22 -Mt17.23 -Mt17.24 male among the Jews paid yearly for the support of the temple, and which was continued by them, wherever dispersed, till after the time of Vespasian. -Mt17.25 -Mt17.17 -Mt17.27 2s. 6d., after 5s. the ounce. that take Mt18.1 01 Christ warns his disciples to be humble and harmless 07 to avoid offences 10 and not to dispise the little ones 15 teaches how we are to deal with our brethren when they offend us 21 and how oft to forgive them 23 which he sets forth by a parable of the king that took account of his servants 32 and punished him who shewed no mercy to his fellow -Mt18.2 -Mt18.3 -Mt18.4 -Mt18.5 -Mt18.6 Syria as well as in Greece, especially in cases of parricide. That it was customary in Greece we learn from Suidas, and the scholiast on the Equites of Aristophanes: When a person was drowned, they hung a weight about his neck. -Mt18.7 -Mt18.8 -Mt18.9 -Mt18.10 -Mt18.11 -Mt18.12 -Mt18.13 -Mt18.14 -Mt18.15 -Mt18.16 -Mt18.17 -Mt18.18 -Mt18.19 -Mt18.20 -Mt18.21 -Mt18.22 -Mt18.23 -Mt18.24 notation. According to Prideaux, the Roman talent was equal to 216l; ten thousand of which would amount to 2,160,000l. If the Jewish talent of silver be designed, which is estimated by the same learned writer at 450l., this sum amounts to 4,500,000l.; but if the gold talent is meant, which is equal to 7200l., then the amount is 72,000,000l. This immense sum represents our boundless obligations to God, and our utter incapacity, as sinners infinitely indebted to Divine justice, of paying one mite out of the talent. shillings the ounce is 187l.10s. -Mt18.25 -Mt18.26 -Mt18.27 -Mt18.28 convey one seventh of the meaning. This would amount to about 3l.2s.6d. English; which was not one six hundred thousandth part of the 10,000 talents, even calculating them as Roman talents. after five shillings the ounce is sevenpence half-penny. -Mt18.29 -Mt18.30 -Mt18.31 -Mt18.32 -Mt18.33 -Mt18.34 -Mt18.35 Mt19.1 01 Christ heals the sick 03 answers the Pharisees concerning divorcement 10 shews when marriage is necessary 13 receives little children 16 instructs the young man how to attain eternal life 20 and how to be pefect 23 tells his disciples how hard it is for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God 27 and promises reward to those that forsake any thing to follow him. previous to his crucifixion; but he appears to have taken in a large compass in his journey, and passed through the district east of Jordan. Some learned men, however, are of opinion, that instead of beyond Jordan, we should render, by the side of Jordan, especially with a genitive, sometimes signifies. -Mt19.2 -Mt19.3 -Mt19.4 -Mt19.5 implies; a beautiful metaphor, forcibly intimating that nothing but death can separate them. -Mt19.6 must pull equally in order to bring it on. Among the ancients, they put a yoke upon the necks of a new married couple, or chains on their arms, to shew that they were to be one, closely united, and pulling equally together in all the concerns of life. -Mt19.7 -Mt19.8 -Mt19.9 -Mt19.10 -Mt19.11 -Mt19.12 -Mt19.13 -Mt19.14 -Mt19.15 -Mt19.16 -Mt19.17 -Mt19.18 -Mt19.19 -Mt19.20 -Mt19.21 -Mt19.22 -Mt19.23 -Mt19.24 accuse our doctrine of falsity, shall find the gates of heaven shut; nor shall he enter till a camel shall pass through the eye of a needle. It was a common mode of expression among the Jews to declare any thing that was rare or difficult. -Mt19.25 -Mt19.26 -Mt19.27 -Mt19.28 -Mt19.29 -Mt19.30 -Mt20.1 01 Christ by the similitude of the labourers in the vineyard, shews that God is debtor unto no man 17 foretells his passion 20 by answering the mother of Zebedee's children, teaches his disciples to be lowly 29 and gives two blind men their sight equity of God's dealings, even when the first are placed last, and the last first. -Mt20.2 after five shillings the ounce is sevenpence halfpenny. -Mt20.3 -Mt20.4 -Mt20.5 -Mt20.6 -Mt20.7 -Mt20.8 -Mt20.9 -Mt20.11 -Mt20.11 -Mt20.12 -Mt20.13 -Mt20.14 -Mt20.15 -Mt20.16 -Mt20.17 -Mt20.18 -Mt20.19 -Mt20.20 -Mt20.21 -Mt20.22 -Mt20.23 not mine to give, except to them for whom it is prepared of my Father. -Mt20.24 -Mt20.25 -Mt20.26 -Mt20.27 -Mt20.28 -Mt20.29 -Mt20.30 -Mt20.31 -Mt20.32 -Mt20.33 -Mt20.34 -Mt21.1 01 Christ rides into Jerusalem upon an ass 12 drives the buyers and sellers out of the temple 17 curses the fig-tree 23 puts to silence the priests and elders 28 and rebukes them by the similitude of the two sons 33 and the husbandmen who slew such as were sent to them Olivet, and somewhat nearer to Jerusalem than Bethany. -Mt21.2 -Mt21.3 -Mt21.4 -Mt21.5 -Mt21.6 -Mt21.7 -Mt21.8 -Mt21.9 -Mt21.10 -Mt21.11 -Mt21.12 -Mt21.13 -Mt21.14 -Mt21.15 -Mt21.16 -Mt21.17 Olives, on the road to Jericho; fifteen stadia, (jno 11.18) or nearly two miles, as Jerome states, from Jerusalem. This village is now small and poor, and the cultivation of the soil around it is much neglected; but it is a pleasant, romantic spot, shaded by the mount of Olives, and abounding in vines and long grass. It consists of from thirty to forty dwellings inhabited by about 600 Mohammedans, for whose use there is a neat little mosque standing on an eminence. Here they shew the ruins of a sort of castle as the house of Lazarus, and a grotto as his tomb; and the house of Simon the leper, of Mary Magdalene and of Martha, and the identical tree which our Lord cursed, are among the monkish curiosites of the place. -Mt21.18 -Mt21.19 -Mt21.20 -Mt21.21 -Mt21.22 -Mt21.23 -Mt21.24 -Mt21.25 -Mt21.26 -Mt21.27 -Mt21.28 -Mt21.29 -Mt21.30 -Mt21.31 -Mt21.32 -Mt21.33 denotes the Supreme Being; the family, the Jewish nation; the vineyard, Jerusalem; the fence, the Divine protection; the wine-press, the law and sacrificial rites; the tower, the temple; and the husbandmen, the priests and doctors of the law -Mt21.34 -Mt21.35 -Mt21.37 -Mt21.37 -Mt21.38 -Mt21.39 -Mt21.40 -Mt21.41 destruction upon themselves which was literally executed about forty years afterwards by the Roman armies -Mt21.42 -Mt21.43 -Mt21.44 -Mt21.45 -Mt21.46 -Mt22.1 01 The parable of the marriage of the king's son 09 The vocation of the Gentiles 12 The punishment of him that wanted the wedding garment 15 Tribute ought to be paid to Cesar 23 Christ confutes the Sadducees for the resurection 34 answers the lawyer, which is the first and great commandment 41 and puzzles the Pharisees by a question abou the Messias -Mt22.2 -Mt22.3 -Mt22.4 -Mt22.5 -Mt22.6 -Mt22.7 -Mt22.8 -Mt22.9 -Mt22.10 -Mt22.11 -Mt22.12 -Mt22.13 -Mt22.14 -Mt22.15 -Mt22.16 in their choice of companions, their affected praise, and the artful and difficult questions they proposed. -Mt22.17 -Mt22.18 -Mt22.19 -Mt22.20 -Mt22.21 and premises. They held that wherever the money of any king is curent, there the inhabitants acknowledge that king for their lord. Now, by admitting that this was Caesar's coin, and by consenting to receive it as the current coin of their country, they in fact acknowledged their subjection to his government, and of course their obligation to pay the tribute demanded of them. This answer was full of consummate wisdom, and it completely defeated the insidious designs of his enemies. He avoided rendering himself odious to the Jewish people by opposing their notions of liberty, or appearing to pay court to the emperor, without exposing himself to the charge of sedition and disaffection to the Roman government -Mt22.22 Matthew 22:22 -Mt22.23 Matthew 22:23 -Mt22.24 Matthew 22:24 -Mt22.25 Matthew 22:25 -Mt22.26 -Mt22.27 -Mt22.28 -Mt22.29 Matthew 22:29 -Mt22.30 Matthew 22:30 -Mt22.31 Matthew 22:31 -Mt22.32 Matthew 22:32 -Mt22.33 Matthew 22:33 -Mt22.34 Matthew 22:34 -Mt22.35 Matthew 22:35 -Mt22.36 Matthew 22:36 -Mt22.37 Matthew 22:37 -Mt22.38 -Mt22.39 Matthew 22:39 -Mt22.40 Matthew 22:40 -Mt22.41 Matthew 22:41 -Mt22.42 Matthew 22:42 -Mt22.43 Matthew 22:43 -Mt22.44 Matthew 22:44 several of the Jews. Rabbi JODEN says, `In the world to come, the Holy Blessed God shall cause the king Messiah to sit at his right hand, as it is written, The Lord said to my Lord,' etc. So Rabbi Moses Hadarson; and Saadias Gaon says, `This is Messiah our righteousness, as it is written, The Lord said to my Lord,' etc -Mt22.45 Matthew 22:45 -Mt22.46 Matthew 22:46 -Mt23.1 Matthew 23:1 the evil examples, of the Scribes and Pharisees. 5-12 His disciples must beware of their ambition 13-33 He denounces eight woes against their hypocrisy and blindness 34-39 and prophesies of the destruction of Jerusalem -Mt23.2 Matthew 23:2 -Mt23.3 Matthew 23:3 -Mt23.4 Matthew 23:4 -Mt23.5 Matthew 23:5 -Mt23.6 Matthew 23:6 -Mt23.7 Matthew 23:7 -Mt23.8 Matthew 23:8 -Mt23.9 Matthew 23:9 -Mt23.10 -Mt23.11 Matthew 23:11 -Mt23.12 Matthew 23:12 -Mt23.13 Matthew 23:13 -Mt23.14 Matthew 23:14 knowledge of the law, on which account the women were subject to them, as pretending to be dear to God. That these were long we learn from Bab. Berachoth, where we are told that the very religious prayed nine hours a day. -Mt23.15 Matthew 23:15 -Mt23.16 Matthew 23:16 -Mt23.17 Matthew 23:17 -Mt23.18 Matthew 23:18 -Mt23.19 Matthew 23:19 -Mt23.20 -Mt23.21 Matthew 23:21 -Mt23.22 Matthew 23:22 -Mt23.23 Matthew 23:23 Dill is a species of plant of the pentandria digynia class, growing native in Spain and Portugal. The root is fusiform and long; stems, erect-groved, jointed, branched, and about two feet in height; leaves, doubly pinnated, sweet and odorous; flowers, flat, terminal umbels; corolla, five ovate, concave, yellow petals, with apexes inflected; germen, like that of fennel; seeds, scarcely the length of a carraway seed, but broader and flatter, of a brown colour, aromatic, sweetish odour, and warmish, pungent taste. cummin. is a plant of the same class as ditt: it rises eight or ten inches on a slender round procumbent, branching stem; leaves, a dark green, narrow, linear, and pointed; flowers, purple, in numerous four rayed umbels; corolla, five unequal petals, inflected, and notched at the apex; seeds, oblong, striated, of a brown colour, strong, heavy odour, and warm, bitterish taste. -Mt23.24 Matthew 23:24 -Mt23.25 Matthew 23:25 -Mt23.26 Matthew 23:26 -Mt23.27 Matthew 23:27 -Mt23.28 Matthew 23:28 -Mt23.29 Matthew 23:29 -Mt23.30 Matthew 23:30 -Mt23.31 Matthew 23:31 -Mt23.32 Matthew 23:32 -Mt23.33 Matthew 23:33 -Mt23.34 Matthew 23:34 -Mt23.35 Matthew 23:35 -Mt23.36 Matthew 23:36 -Mt23.37 Matthew 23:37 -Mt23.38 Matthew 23:38 -Mt23.39 Matthew 23:39 -Mt24.1 Matthew 24:1 3-28 what and how great calamaties shall be before it 29-35 the signs of his coming in judgment 36-41 And because that day and hour are unknown 42-51 we ought to watch like good sevants, expecting every moment our Master's coming -Mt24.2 Matthew 24:2 Josephus says that `Caesar gave ordrs that they should now demolish the whole city and temple, except the three towers Phaselus, Hippicus, and Mariamne, and a part of the western wall; but all the rest was laid so completely even with the ground, by those who dug it up from the foundation, that there was nothing left to make those who came thither believe that it had ever been inhabited.' -Mt24.3 Matthew 24:3 -Mt24.4 Matthew 24:4 -Mt24.5 Matthew 24:5 -Mt24.6 Matthew 24:6 -Mt24.7 Matthew 24:7 -Mt24.8 Matthew 24:8 -Mt24.9 Matthew 24:9 -Mt24.10 Matthew 24:10 -Mt24.11 Matthew 24:11 -Mt24.12 Matthew 24.12 -Mt24.13 Matthew 24:13 -Mt24.14 Matthew 24:14 -Mt24.15 Matthew 24:15 -Mt24.16 Matthew 24:16 -Mt24.17 Matthew 24:17 -Mt24.18 Matthew 24:18 -Mt24.19 Matthew 24:19 -Mt24.20 Matthew 24:20 -Mt24.21 Matthew 24:21 -Mt24.22 Matthew 24:22 -Mt24.23 Matthew 24:23 -Mt24.24 Matthew 24:24 -Mt24.25 Matthew 24:25 -Mt24.26 Matthew 24:26 Our Lord not only foretells the appearance of these imposters, but also the manner and circumstance of their conduct. Accordingly, Josephus says that many imposters persuaded the people to follow them to the desert, promising them signs and wonders done by the providence of God. (See also Ac 21.38). One persuaded the people to go up into the temple, which being set on fire by the Romans, 6000 perished in the flames. -Mt24.27 Matthew 24:27 -Mt24.28 Matthew 24:28 -Mt24.29 Matthew 24:29 -Mt24.30 Matthew 24:30 -Mt24.31 Matthew 24:31 -Mt24.32 Matthew 24:32 -Mt24.33 Matthew 24:33 -Mt24.34 Matthew 24:34 -Mt24.35 Matthew 24:35 -Mt24.36 Matthew 24:36 -Mt24.37 Matthew 24:37 -Mt24.38 Matthew 24:38 -Mt24.39 Matthew 24:39 -Mt24.40 Matthew 24:40 -Mt24.41 Matthew 24:41 the [] was a hand-mill composed of two stones; `the uppermost of which is turned round by a small handle of wood or iron that is placed in the rim. When this stone is large, or expedition required, a second person is called to assist; and as it is usual for women alone to be concerned in this employment, who seat themselves over against each other with the millstone between then, we may see not only the propriety of the expressionm Ex 11.5' but the force of this.- -Dr. Shaw -Mt24.42 Matthew 24:42 -Mt24.43 Matthew 24:43 -Mt24.44 Matthew 24:44 -Mt24.45 Matthew 24:45 -Mt24.46 Matthew 24:46 -Mt24.47 Matthew 24:47 -Mt24.48 Matthew 24:48 -Mt24.49 Matthew 24:49 -Mt24.50 Matthew 24:50 -Mt24.51 Matthew 24:51 -Mt25.1 Matthew 25:1 14-30 and of the talents 31-46 Also the escription of the last judgment -Mt25.2 Matthew 25:2 -Mt25.3 Matthew 25:3 -Mt25.4 Matthew 25:4 -Mt25.5 Matthew 25:5 -Mt25.6 Matthew 25:6 -Mt25.7 Matthew 25:7 -Mt25.8 Matthew 25:8 -Mt25.9 Matthew 25:9 -Mt25.10 Matthew 25:10 -Mt25.11 Matthew 25:11 -Mt25.12 Matthew 25:12 -Mt25.13 Matthew 25:13 -Mt25.14 Matthew 25:14 -Mt25.15 Matthew 25:15 `A talent is 187l. 10s' -Mt25.16 Matthew 25:16 -Mt25.17 Matthew 25:17 -Mt25.18 Matthew 25:18 -Mt25.19 Matthew 25:19 -Mt25.20 Matthew 25:20 -Mt25.21 Matthew 25:21 -Mt25.22 Matthew 25:22 -Mt25.23 Matthew 25:23 -Mt25.24 Matthew 25:24 Our Lord placed the example of negligence in him to whom the least was committed, probably to `intimate' says Doddridge, `that we are accountable for the smallest advantage with which we are entrusted; but it cannot imply that they who have received much will ordinarily pass their account best; for it is too plain, in fact, that most of those whose dignity, wealth, and genius give them the greatest opportunities of service, seem to forget that they have any Master in heaven to serve, or any future reckoning to expect; and many render themselves much more criminal than this wicked and slothful servant who hid his talents in the earth.' -Mt25.25 Matthew 25:25 -Mt25.26 Matthew 25:26 -Mt25.27 Matthew 25:27 -Mt25.28 Matthew 25:28 -Mt25.29 Matthew 25:29 -Mt25.30 Matthew 25:30 -Mt25.31 Matthew 25:31 -Mt25.32 Matthew 25:32 -Mt25.33 Matthew 25:33 -Mt25.34 Matthew 25:34 -Mt25.35 Matthew 25:35 -Mt25.36 Matthew 25:36 -Mt25.37 Matthew 25:37 -Mt25.38 Matthew 25:38 -Mt25.39 Matthew 25:39 -Mt25.40 Matthew 25:40 -Mt25.41 Matthew 25:41 -Mt25.42 Matthew 25:42 -Mt25.44 Matthew 25:44 -Mt25.45 Matthew 25:45 -Mt25.46 Matthew 25:46 -Mt26.1 Matthew 26:1 3-5 The rulers conspire against him 6-13 The woman annoints his feet 14-16 Judas bargains to betray him 17-25 Christ eats his passover 26-29 institutes his holy supper 30-35 foretells the desertion of his disciples, and Peter's denial 36-46 prays in the garden 47-56 and being betrayed by a kiss 57-68 is carried to Caiaphas 69-75 and denied of Peter -Mt26.2 Matthew 26:2 -Mt26.3 Matthew 26:3 This was Joseph, surnamed Caiaphas, who succeeded Simon son of Camith, in the high-priesthood, about A.D. 25. About two years after our Lord's death he was deposed by the Vitellius governor of Syria; and unable to bear his disgrace, and perhaps the stings of conscience for the murder of Christ, he killed himself about A. D. 35. -Mt26.4 Matthew 26:4 -Mt26.5 Matthew 26:5 -Mt26.6 Matthew 26:6 -Mt26.7 Matthew 26:7 -Mt26.8 Matthew 26:8 -Mt26.9 Matthew 26:9 -Mt26.10 Matthew 26:10 -Mt26.11 Matthew 26:11 -Mt26.12 Matthew 26:12 -Mt26.13 Matthew 26:13 -Mt26.14 Matthew 26:14 -Mt26.15 Matthew 26:15 Probably shekels or staters, as some read, which, reckoning the the shekels at 3s. with Prideaux, would amount to about 4l 10s. the price for the meanest slave! (See Ex 21.32) -Mt26.16 Matthew 26:16 -Mt26.17 Matthew 26:17 -Mt26.18 Matthew 26:18 -Mt26.19 Matthew 26:19 -Mt26.20 Matthew 26:20 -Mt26.21 Matthew 26:21 -Mt26.22 Matthew 26:22 -Mt26.23 Matthew 26:23 -Mt26.24 Matthew 26:24 -Mt26.25 Matthew 26:25 -Mt26.26 Matthew 26:26 -Mt26.27 Matthew 26:27 -Mt26.28 Matthew 26:28 -Mt26.29 Matthew 26:29 -Mt26.30 Matthew 26:30 -Mt26.31 Matthew 26:31 -Mt26.32 Matthew 26:32 -Mt26.33 Matthew 26:33 -Mt26.34 Matthew 26:34 -Mt26.35 Matthew 26:35 -Mt26.36 Matthew 26:36 Gethsemane was a garden at the foot of the Mount of Olives, beyond the brook Cedron; an even plat of ground, says Maundrell, not above fifty-seven yards square, where are shewn some old olive trees supposed to identify the spot to shich our Lord was wont to resort. -Mt26.37 Matthew 26:37 -Mt26.38 Matthew 26:38 -Mt26.39 Matthew 26:39 -Mt26.40 Matthew 26:40 -Mt26.41 Matthew 26:41 -Mt26.42 Matthew 26.42 -Mt26.43 Matthew 26:43 -Mt26.44 Matthew 26:44 -Mt26.45 Matthew 26:45 you have thus far failed to watch, sleep on the rest of the time, and take your rest, if you can.' -Mt26.46 Matthew 26.46 -Mt26.47 Matthew 26:47 -Mt26.48 Matthew 26.48 -Mt26.49 Matthew 26:49 from [] intensive, and [] to kiss, still pretending the most affectionate attachment to our Lord. -Mt26.50 Matthew 26:50 Rather, `Companion, [] against whom ([] the reading of the best MSS.) art thou come?' -Mt26.51 Matthew 26:51 -Mt26.52 Matthew 26:52 -Mt26.53 Matthew 26:53 or choose was a particular divsion or battalion of the Roman army, which at diffrent times contained different numbers. In the time of our Saviour it probably consisted of 6200 foot and 300 horse, twelve of which would amount ot 78,000 men. -Mt26.54 Matthew 26:54 -Mt26.55 Matthew 26:55 -Mt26.56 Matthew 26:56 -Mt26.57 Matthew 26:57 -Mt26.58 Matthew 26:58 -Mt26.59 Matthew 26:59 -Mt26.60 Matthew 26:60 -Mt26.61 Matthew 26:61 The words of our Lord were widely different from this statement of them; so that the testimony of these witnesses was false, though it had the semblence of truth. -Mt26.62 Matthew 26:62 -Mt26.63 Matthew 26:63 -Mt26.64 Matthew 26:64 -Mt26.65 Matthew 26:65 -Mt26.66 Matthew 26:66 -Mt26.67 Matthew 26:67 [], `smote him with their fists,' as theophylact interprets [], `smote him on the cheek with the open hand,' as Suidas renders. They offered him every indignity, in all its various and vexatious forms. -Mt26.68 Matthew 26:68 -Mt26.69 Matthew 26:69 -Mt26.70 Matthew 26.70 -Mt26.71 Matthew 26:71 -Mt26.72 Matthew 26.72 -Mt26.73 Matthew 26:73 -Mt26.74 Matthew 26:74 -Mt26.75 Matthew 26:75 -Mt27.1 Matthew 27:1 3-18 Judas hangs himself 19 Pilate, admonished of his wife 20-26 and being urged by the multitude, washes his hands, and looses Barabbas 27-32 Christ is mocked and crowned with thorns 33-38 crucified 39-49 reviled 50-61 dies, and is buried 62-66 his sepulchre is sealed and watched -Mt27.2 Matthew 27:2 Pontius Pilate governed Judea ten years under the emperor Tiberius, from his 13th to his 23rd year A.D. 26 to 36; but, having exercised great cruelties against the Samaritans, they complained to Vitellius, governor of Syria, who sent Marcellus, of of his friends, to superintend Judea, and ordered Pilate to Rome, to give an account of his conduct to Tiberius. The emperor was dead before he arrived; but it is an ancient tradition, that he was banished to Vienne in Dauphiny, where he was reduced to such extremity that he killed himself with his own sword two years after -Mt27.3 Matthew 27:3 -Mt27.4 Matthew 27:4 -Mt27.5 Matthew 27:5 -Mt27.6 Matthew 27:6 The Jews considered it was strictly forbidden by the Divine law to bring any filthy or iniquitous gain into the temple. For this reason they now refused to allow this money to be placed in the chest in the temple, amongst the former contributions for its repairs. In this, they were right enough, but by the very act of refusing this money, they proved themselves to be gross perverters of the spirit of God's requirements: they saw not that it was much less lawful for them, who had hired Judas to this sordid action, to be employed in the service of the temple. Those that `bear the vessels of the Lord,' ought to be holy. Thus our Lord's words, `Ye blind guides! ye strain at a gnat and swallow a camel.' -Mt27.7 Matthew 27:7 -Mt27.8 Matthew 27:8 -Mt27.9 Matthew 27:9 The words here quoted are not found in Jeremiah, but in Zecariah; and a variety of conjectures have been formed, in order to reconcile this discrepancy. The most probable opinion seems to be, that the name of the prophet was originally omitted by the Evangelist, and that the name of Jeremiah was added by some subequent copyist. It is omitted in two MSS of the twelfth century, in the Syriac, later Persic, two of the Itala, and in some other Latin copies; and what renders it highly probable that the original reading was [], by the prophet, is, that St. Matthew frequently omits the name of the prophet in his quotations. See ch 1.22 2.5,15 13.35 21.4 This omission is approved of by Bengel, Dr. A. Clarke,and Horne. Israel. -Mt27.10 Matthew 27:10 -Mt27.11 Matthew 27:11 -Mt27.12 Matthew 27:12 -Mt27.13 Matthew 27:13 -Mt27.14 Matthew 27:14 -Mt27.15 Matthew 27:15 -Mt27.16 Matthew 27:16 -Mt27.17 Matthew 27:17 -Mt27.18 Matthew 27:18 according to that of Solomon -Mt27.19 Matthew 27:19 -Mt27.20 Matthew 27:20 -Mt27.21 Matthew 27:21 -Mt27.22 Matthew 27:22 -Mt27.23 Matthew 27:23 -Mt27.24 Matthew 27:24 -Mt27.25 Matthew 27:25 -Mt27.26 Matthew 27:26 This of itself was a severe , the flesh being generally cut by the whips used for this purpose. -Mt27.27 Matthew 27:27 -Mt27.28 Matthew 27:28 St. Mark calls it a purple robe; but by [] is denoted whatever is of a dazzling red; and the sords [], scarlet, and [], purple, are not unfrequently interchanged. -Mt27.29 Matthew 27:29 -Mt27.30 Matthew 27:30 -Mt27.31 Matthew 27:31 -Mt27.32 Matthew 27:32 -Mt27.33 Matthew 27:33 -Mt27.34 Matthew 27:34 St. Mark says [wine mingled with myrrh]; but as the sour wine used by the Roman soldiers and common people was termed [] wine, and [] vinegar, (vin aigre, French) is [sour wine]; and as [] gall is applied to bitters of any kind, it is not difficult to reconcile the two accounts. -Mt27.35 Matthew 27:35 -Mt27.36 Matthew 27:36 -Mt27.37 Matthew 27:37 -Mt27.38 Matthew 27:38 -Mt27.39 Matthew 27:39 -Mt27.40 Matthew 27:40 -Mt27.41 Matthew 27:41 -Mt27.42 Matthew 27:42 -Mt27.43 Matthew 27:43 -Mt27.44 Matthew 27:44 -Mt27.45 Matthew 27:45 That this general darkness was wholly pretenatural is evident from this, that it happened at the passover, which was celebrated only at the full moon, a time in which it was impossible for the sun to be eclipsed, natural eclipses happening only at the time of the new moon. (See Introduction to the Comprehensive Bible, p.59) -Mt27.46 Matthew 27:46 -Mt27.47 Matthew 27:47 -Mt27.48 Matthew 27:48 -Mt27.49 Matthew 27.49 -Mt27.50 Matthew 27:50 -Mt27.51 Matthew 27:51 -Mt27.52 Matthew 27:52 -Mt27.53 Matthew 27:53 -Mt27.54 Matthew 27:54 -Mt27.55 Matthew 27:55 -Mt27.56 Matthew 27:56 -Mt27.57 Matthew 27:57 -Mt27.58 Matthew 27:58 -Mt27.59 Matthew 27:59 -Mt27.60 Matthew 27:60 -Mt27.61 Matthew 27:61 -Mt27.62 Matthew 27:62 -Mt27.63 Matthew 27:63 -Mt27.64 Matthew 27:64 -Mt27.65 Matthew 27:65 -Mt27.66 Matthew 27:66 Every thing was here done which human policy and prudence could, to prevent a resurrection, which these very precautions had the most direct tendency to authenticate and establish. -Mt28.1 Matthew 28:1 9,10 He himself appears unto them 11-15 The chief priests give the soldiers money to say that he was stolen out of his sepulchre 16,17 Christ appears to his disciples 18-20 and sends them to baptize and teach all nations The Hebrew word Schabbath, from which our English word is derived, signifies rest, and is applied to all solemn festivals, equally with that one day of every week devoted to the worship of God; Eze 20.21, `they polluted my sabbaths.' Three evangelists say, the transaction recorded in this verse, occured upon the first day of the week, early in the morning, about sunrising, and John says while it was yet dark. [] does not signify `in the evening of sabbath,' but `sabbaths.' Hence, the great feast having been concluded, the term `end of the sabbaths' denotes the time very clearly. Again, it may be observed that the Jews, speaking of their passover, sometimes speak according to their civil computation, wherein they measured thier days from sun-rising to sun-rising. Sometimes according to their sacred computation, which was from sun-set to sun-set. This reconciles Nu 28.18, which seems to make the fourteenth day of the first month, the first day of unleavened bread. -Mt28.2 Matthew 28:2 -Mt28.3 Matthew 28:3 -Mt28.4 Matthew 28:4 -Mt28.5 Mathew 28:5 -Mt28.6 Matthew 28:6 -Mt28.7 Matthew 28:7 -Mt28.8 Matthew 28:8 -Mt28.9 Matthew 28:9 -Mt28.10 Matthew 28:10 -Mt28.11 Matthew 28:11 -Mt28.12 Matthew 28:12 -Mt28.13 Matthew 28:13 -Mt28.14 Matthew 28:14 -Mt28.15 Matthew 28:15 -Mt28.16 Matthew 28:16 -Mt28.17 Matthew 28:17 -Mt28.18 Matthew 28:18 -Mt28.19 Matthew 28:19 -Mt28.20 Matthew 28:20 -Mr1.1 01 The office of John the Baptist 09 Jesus is baptized 12 tempted 14 he preaches 16 calls Peter, Andrew, James, and John 23 heals one that had a devil 29 Peter's mother in law 32 many diseased persons 40 and cleanses the leper. -Mr1.2 texts. -Mr1.3 -Mr1.4 -Mr1.5 -Mr1.6 -Mr1.7 -Mr1.8 -Mr1.9 -Mr1.10 -Mr1.11 -Mr1.12 necessarily imply any violence; but seems to intimate the energy of that impulse on our Lord, by which he was inwardly constrained to retire from society. -Mr1.13 -Mr1.14 -Mr1.15 mat 21.31,32 lu 24.47 ac 2.36-38 20.21 2ti 2.25,26 -Mr1.16 -Mr1.17 -Mr1.18 -Mr1.19 -Mr1.20 -Mr1.21 confines of Zebulun, and Naphtali, on the western border of the lake of Tiberias, and in the land of Gennasereth, where Josephus places a spring of excellent water called Capernaum. Dr. Lightfoot places it between Tiberias and Tarichea, about two miles from the former; and Dr. Richardson, in passing through the plain of Gennasereth, was told by the natives that the ruins of Capernaum were quite near. The Arab station and ruins mentioned by Mr. Buckingham, said to have been formerly called Capharnaoom, situated on the edge of the lake from nine to twelve miles N.N.E. of Tiberias, bearing the name of Talhewn, or as Burckhardt writes it, Tel Houm, appear too far north for its site. -Mr1.22 -Mr1.23 -Mr1.24 -Mr1.25 -Mr1.26 -Mr1.27 -Mr1.28 -Mr1.29 -Mr1.30 -Mr1.31 -Mr1.32 -Mr1.33 -Mr1.34 -Mr1.35 -Mr1.36 -Mr1.37 -Mr1.38 -Mr1.39 Josephus, on the west by Ptolemais and mount Carmel; on the south by the country of Samaria and Scythopolis, on the river Jordan; on the east by the cantons of Hyppos, Gadara, and Gaulon; and on the north by the confines of the Tyrians. It was divided into Lower and Upper Galilee; Upper Galilee, so called from its being mountainous, was termed Galilee of the Gentiles because inhabited, says Strabo, by Egyptians, Arabians, and Phoenicians, and comprehended the tribes of Asher and Naphtali; the Lower Galilee contained the tribes of Zebulun and Issachar, and was sometimes termed the Great Field. It was, says Josephus, very populous and rich, containing 204 cities and towns. -Mr1.40 -Mr1.41 -Mr1.42 -Mr1.43 -Mr1.44 -Mr1.45 -Mr2.1 01 Christ followed by multitudes 03 heals one sick of the palsy 13 calls Matthew from the receipt of custom 15 eats with Publicans and sinners 18 excuses his disciples for not fasting 23 and for plucking the ears of corn on the sabbath day. -Mr2.2 -Mr2.3 -Mr2.4 -Mr2.5 the consequence of sin. There is no death without sin, nor any chastisement without iniquity; and that no diseased person could be healed of his disease till his sins were blotted out. Our Lord, therefore, as usual, appeals to their received opinions, and asserts his high dignity, by first forgiving the sins, and then healing the body of the paralytic. -Mr2.6 -Mr2.7 -Mr2.8 -Mr2.9 -Mr2.10 -Mr2.11 -Mr2.12 -Mr2.13 -Mr2.14 -Mr2.15 -Mr2.16 -Mr2.17 -Mr2.18 -Mr2.19 -Mr2.20 -Mr2.21 -Mr2.22 -Mr2.23 -Mr2.24 -Mr2.25 -Mr2.26 Ahimelech was then high priest at Nob; and from other passages, that Abiathar was his son. Various conjectures have been formed in order to solve this difficulty; and some, instead of untying, have cut the knot, by pronouncing it an interpolation. The most probable opinion seems to be, that both father and son had two names, the father being also called Abiathar; and this appears almost certain from 2sa 8.17 1ch 18.16, where Ahimelech seems evidently termed Abiathar, while Abiathar is called Ahimelech or Abimelech. -Mr2.27 -Mr2.28 -Mr3.1 01 Christ heals the withered hand 10 and many other infirmities 11 rebukes the unclean spirit 13 chooses his twelve apostles 22 convinces the blasphemy of casting out devils by Beelzebub 31 and shews who are his brother, sister, and mother. -Mr3.2 -Mr3.3 -Mr3.4 -Mr3.5 wickedness, and with commiseration for the calamites which they would thereby bring on themselves. -Mr3.6 -Mr3.7 -Mr3.8 -Mr3.9 -Mr3.10 -Mr3.11 -Mr3.12 -Mr3.13 -Mr3.14 -Mr3.15 -Mr3.16 -Mr3.17 -Mr3.18 a native of Canaan. Xavaav, which would have been Xavavaos, but from the Hebrew kana, to be zelous, whence he is called in Greek Znhwrns, Zelotes, or the Zealot, from snhow, to be zealous. -Mr3.19 -Mr3.20 -Mr3.21 they said, It ( the mob ) is mad.' This, however, is contrary to all the versions; and appears an unnatural construction. friends. or, kinsmen -Mr3.22 -Mr3.23 -Mr3.24 -Mr3.25 -Mr3.26 -Mr3.27 -Mr3.28 -Mr3.29 -Mr3.30 -Mr3.31 -Mr3.32 -Mr3.33 -Mr3.34 -Mr3.35 -Mr4.1 01 The parable of the sower 14 and the meaning thereof 21 We must communicate the light of our knowledge to others 26 The parable of the seed growing secretly 30 and of the mustard seed 35 Christ stilleth the tempest on the sea -Mr4.2 -Mr4.3 -Mr4.4 -Mr4.5 -Mr4.6 -Mr4.7 -Mr4.8 -Mr4.9 -Mr4.10 -Mr4.11 -Mr4.12 seeing they see, and do not perceive, and hearing they hear, and do not understand.' The expression appears to be proverbial; and relates to those who might see what they now overlook through inattention and folly. -Mr4.13 -Mr4.14 -Mr4.15 -Mr4.16 -Mr4.17 -Mr4.18 -Mr4.19 -Mr4.20 -Mr4.21 as. -Mr4.22 -Mr4.23 -Mr4.24 -Mr4.25 -Mr4.26 -Mr4.27 -Mr4.28 -Mr4.29 -Mr4.30 -Mr4.31 tetradynamia siliquosa class, distinguished by its yellow cruciform flowers, with expanding calyx, and its pods smooth, square, and close to the stem. Its seed was probably the smallest known to the Jews; and though its ordinary height does not exceed four feet, yet a species grows to the height of from three to five cubits, with a tapering, ligneous stalk, and spreading branches. is less than. -Mr4.32 -Mr4.33 -Mr4.34 -Mr4.35 -Mr4.36 -Mr4.37 -Mr4.38 -Mr4.39 -Mr4.40 -Mr4.41 -Mr5.1 01 Christ delivering the possessed of the legion of devils 13 they enter into the swine 22 He is entreated by Jarirus to go and heal his daughter 25 He heals the woman of the bloody issue 35 and raises from death Jairus' daughter -Mr5.2 were dispossessed on this occasion; but Mark and Luke omit the mention of one (who was perhaps not so remarkable). That these wretched men were not merely made, as some suppose, but really possessed of evil spirits, appears clearly from the language employed, as well as from the narrative itself. St. Matthew expressly affirms that they were possessed with devils, or demoniacs; St. Mark says he had an unclean spirit, a fallen spirit; and St. Luke asserts, that he had evils (or demons) a long time, and was called Legion, because many devils were entered into him. With supernatural strength the demons burst asunder the chains and fetters with which he was bound; they address Christ as the Son of the most high God; they beseech him to suffer them to enter into the swine; and when he had given them leave, they went out and entered into the swine. -Mr5.3 -Mr5.4 -Mr5.5 -Mr5.6 -Mr5.7 -Mr5.8 -Mr5.9 -Mr5.10 -Mr5.11 -Mr5.12 -Mr5.13 -Mr5.14 -Mr5.15 -Mr5.16 -Mr5.17 -Mr5.18 -Mr5.19 -Mr5.20 -Mr5.21 -Mr5.22 -Mr5.23 -Mr5.24 -Mr5.25 -Mr5.26 considers the therapeutics of the Jewish physicians, in reference to diseases of this kind (for an account of which, see Drs. Lightfoot and Clarke). She was, therefore, a fit patient for the Great Physician. -Mr5.27 -Mr5.28 -Mr5.29 -Mr5.30 -Mr5.31 -Mr5.32 -Mr5.33 -Mr5.34 -Mr5.35 -Mr5.36 -Mr5.37 -Mr5.38 -Mr5.39 -Mr5.40 were sufficient to prove the reality of the cure; to have permitted the presence of more, might have savoured of ostentation. -Mr5.41 version, the proper translation of which is given by the evangelist. Damsel -Mr5.42 -Mr5.43 to life, but was also restored to perfect health; and to intimate, that though raised to life by extraordinary power, she must be continued in existence, as before, by the use of ordinary means. The advice of a heathen, on another subject, is quite applicable: When the miraculous power of God is necessary, let the ordinary means be used. To act otherwise would be to tempt God. -Mr6.1 01 Christ is contemned of his countrymen 07 He gives the twelve power over unclean spirits. 14 Divers opinions of Christ 16 John the Baptist is imprisoned, beheaded, and buried 30 The apostles return from preaching 34 The miracle of five loaves and two fishes 45 Christ walks on the sea 53 and heals all that touch him -Mr6.2 -Mr6.3 -Mr6.4 -Mr6.5 -Mr6.6 -Mr6.7 -Mr6.8 coats, neither shoes, nor yet staves; but this precept plainly means, Go just as you are; take no other coat, shoes, or staff than what you already have. something less than a farthing. -Mr6.9 the foot and ankle with straps. -Mr6.10 -Mr6.11 -Mr6.12 -Mr6.13 -Mr6.14 -Mr6.15 -Mr6.16 -Mr6.17 -Mr6.18 -Mr6.19 -Mr6.20 -Mr6.21 -Mr6.22 -Mr6.23 -Mr6.24 -Mr6.25 -Mr6.26 -Mr6.27 speculor, to took about, spy, properly denotes a sentinel; and as these sentinels kept guard at the palaces of kings, and the residences of Roman governors, so they were employed in other offices besides guarding, and usually performed that of executioners. As, however, we learn from Josephus, that Herod was at this very time engaged in war with Aretas, king of Arabia, in consequence of Herod's having divorced his daughter in order to marry Herodias, his brother Philip's wife; and as this event occurred at an entertainment given at the castle of Machaerus, while his army was on its march against his father-in-law; we are furnished with an additional reason why a speculator, or sentinel, should have been employed as an executioner; and are thus enabled to discover such a latent and undesigned coincidence as clearly evinces the truth of the evangelical narrative. -Mr6.28 -Mr6.29 -Mr6.30 -Mr6.31 -Mr6.32 -Mr6.33 -Mr6.34 -Mr6.35 -Mr6.36 -Mr6.37 -Mr6.38 -Mr6.39 -Mr6.40 arranged as to be a hundred in rank, or depth, and fifty in front, or file; which would make the number just five thousand, and will reconcile this account with St. Luke's, who only speaks of their sitting down by fifties. -Mr6.41 -Mr6.42 -Mr6.43 -Mr6.44 -Mr6.45 according to Josephus, was situated on the sea of Gennesareth, in the lower Gaulonitis, consequently on the east of the lake, as Pliny states, and at the beginning of the mountainous country; and it was raised from a village to the honour of a city by Philip, and called Julias in honour of the emperor's daughter. Some learned men, however, are of opinion that the Bethsaida mentioned in the gospels was a different place; and that it was situated on the western shore of the sea of Tiberias, in Galilee, near Chorazin and Capernaum, with which it is associated. and Bishop Pococke mentions the reuins of a town or large village in the plain of Huttin, about two miles west of the lake, still bearing the name of Baitsida, which he thinks occupies its site. -Mr6.46 -Mr6.47 -Mr6.48 -Mr6.49 -Mr6.50 -Mr6.51 -Mr6.52 -Mr6.53 -Mr6.54 -Mr6.55 -Mr6.56 -Mr7.1 01 The Pharisees find fault with the disciples for eating with unwashed hands 08 They break the commandment of God by the traditions of men 14 Meat defiles not the man 24 He heals the Syro-phenician woman's daughter of an unclean spirit 31 and one that was deaf, and stammered in his speech -Mr7.2 -Mr7.3 Theophylact. which Dr. Lightfoot illustrates by a tradition from the Talmudical tracts, that when they washed their hands, they washed the fist up to the joint of the arm. The Jews laid great stress on these washings, or baptisms, considering eating with unwashen hands no ordinary crime, and feigning that an evil spirit, called Shibta, has a right to sit on the food of him who thus eats, and render it hurtful. the tradition -Mr7.4 -Mr7.5 -Mr7.6 -Mr7.7 -Mr7.8 -Mr7.9 -Mr7.10 -Mr7.11 among the Jews on such occasions; by which the Pharisees released a child from supporting his parents; and even deemed it sacrilege if he afterwards gave anything for their use. -Mr7.12 -Mr7.13 -Mr7.14 -Mr7.15 may bring guilt upon himself by eating to excess, and a Jew, by eating what was forbidden by the Mosaic law; yet still the pollution would arise from the wickedness of the heart, and be just proportionable to it, which is all our Lord asserts. Nothing -Mr7.16 -Mr7.17 -Mr7.18 -Mr7.19 -Mr7.20 -Mr7.21 -Mr7.22 evil -Mr7.23 -Mr7.24 -Mr7.25 -Mr7.26 -Mr7.27 -Mr7.28 -Mr7.29 -Mr7.30 -Mr7.31 -Mr7.32 -Mr7.33 evidently could not, by their natural efficacy, avail to produce so wonderful an effect. As the ears of the deaf appear closed, he applies his fingers to intimate that he would open them; and as the tongue of the dumb seems to be tied, or to cleave to the palate, he touches it, to intimate he would give loose and free motion to it. He accommodated himself to the weakness of those who might not indeed doubt his power, but fancy some external sign was requisite to healing. It was also thus made manifest, that this salutiferous power came from Himself, and that He who by one word, had healed the man, must be Divine. -Mr7.34 -Mr7.35 -Mr7.36 -Mr7.37 -Mr8.1 01 Christ feeds the people miraculously 10 refuses to give a sign to the Pharisees 14 admonishes his disciples to beware of the leaven of the Pharisees, and of the leaven of Herod 22 gives a blind man his sight 27 acknowledges that he is the Christ who should suffer and rise again 34 and exhorts to patience in persecution for the profession of the gospel -Mr8.2 -Mr8.3 -Mr8.4 -Mr8.5 -Mr8.6 -Mr8.7 -Mr8.8 thousand men, besides women and children. fed with seven loaves or rather cakes and a few small fishes! Here there must have been a manifest creation of substance--for, they all ate, and were filled. -Mr8.9 -Mr8.10 Gennesareth, in the district of Magdala, and not far from the city of that name. -Mr8.11 -Mr8.12 -Mr8.13 -Mr8.14 -Mr8.15 -Mr8.16 -Mr8.17 -Mr8.18 -Mr8.19 -Mr8.20 -Mr8.21 -Mr8.22 -Mr8.23 -Mr8.24 -Mr8.25 -Mr8.26 -Mr8.27 -Mr8.28 -Mr8.29 -Mr8.30 -Mr8.31 -Mr8.32 -Mr8.33 -Mr8.34 -Mr8.35 -Mr8.36 -Mr8.37 -Mr8.38 -Mr9.1 01 Jesus is transfigured 11 He instructs his disciples concerning the coming of Elias 14 casts forth a deaf and dumb spirit 30 foretells his death and resurrection 33 exhorts his disciples to humility 38 bidding them not to prohit such as are not against them, nor to give offence to any of the faithful. -Mr9.2 -Mr9.3 -Mr9.4 the most zealous reformer and prophet of the Jewish church; and their presence implied that the ministry of Christ was attested by the law and the prophets. -Mr9.5 -Mr9.6 -Mr9.7 -Mr9.8 -Mr9.9 -Mr9.10 -Mr9.11 -Mr9.12 -Mr9.13 -Mr9.14 -Mr9.15 -Mr9.16 -Mr9.17 -Mr9.18 epileptic persons, some have ventured to assert that it was no real possession; but the evangelist expressly affirms that he had a dumb spirit which tare him, that our Lord charged him to come out of him. -Mr9.19 -Mr9.20 -Mr9.21 -Mr9.22 -Mr9.23 -Mr9.24 -Mr9.25 contended, could our Lord with any propriety have thus addressed it? If the demoniacal possession had been false, or merely a vulgar error, would our Lord, the Revealer of truth, have thus established falsehood, sanctioned error, or encouraged deception, by teaching men to ascribe effects to the malice and power of evil spirits, which they had no agency in producing? Impossible! Such conduct is utterly unworthy the sacred character of the Redeemer. -Mr9.26 -Mr9.27 -Mr9.28 -Mr9.29 -Mr9.30 -Mr9.31 -Mr9.32 -Mr9.33 -Mr9.34 -Mr9.35 -Mr9.36 -Mr9.37 -Mr9.38 -Mr9.39 -Mr9.40 -Mr9.41 -Mr9.42 -Mr9.43 -Mr9.44 -Mr9.45 -Mr9.46 -Mr9.47 -Mr9.48 -Mr9.49 -Mr9.50 -Mr10.1 01 Christ disputes with the Pharisees touching divorcement 13 blesses the children that are brought unto him 17 resolves a rich man how he may inherit life everlasting 23 tells his disciples of the danger of riches 28 promises rewards to them that forsake any thing for the gospel 32 foretells his death aand resurrection 35 bids the two ambitious suitors to think rather of sufffering with him 46 and restores to Bartimeus his sight. -Mr10.2 -Mr10.3 -Mr10.4 -Mr10.5 -Mr10.6 -Mr10.7 -Mr10.8 -Mr10.9 -Mr10.10 -Mr10.11 -Mr10.12 -Mr10.13 -Mr10.14 -Mr10.15 -Mr10.16 -Mr10.17 -Mr10.18 -Mr10.19 -Mr10.20 -Mr10.21 -Mr10.22 -Mr10.23 -Mr10.24 -Mr10.25 -Mr10.26 -Mr10.27 -Mr10.28 -Mr10.29 -Mr10.30 -Mr10.31 -Mr10.32 indefinable awe which the apostles began to feel for Jesus, which the mighty miracles he wrought, and the air of majesty and authority he now assumed, were calculated to inspire. -Mr10.33 -Mr10.34 -Mr10.35 their mother; but though she made the request as from herself, yet it is evident that they had set her upon the business; and the therefore Jesus, knowing whence it came, immediately addressed the sons. -Mr10.36 -Mr10.37 -Mr10.38 -Mr10.39 -Mr10.40 -Mr10.41 -Mr10.42 -Mr10.43 -Mr10.44 -Mr10.45 -Mr10.46 nigh unto Jericho and afterwards records an event which took place in that city. But the words may be rendered, When he was nigh Jericho, which is equally true of him who is gone a little way from it, as of him who is come near it; and as it is probable that Jesus stayed some days in the neighbourhood, this might occur as he went out of the city during that time, and he might afterwards re-enter it. -Mr10.47 -Mr10.48 -Mr10.49 -Mr10.50 -Mr10.51 -Mr10.52 -Mr11.1 01 Christ rides with triumph into Jerusalem 12 curses the fruitless fig-tree 15 purges the temple 20 exhorts his disciples to stedfastness of faith, and to forgive their enemies 27 and defends the lawfulness of his actions by the witness of John, who was a man sent of God. -Mr11.2 -Mr11.3 -Mr11.4 -Mr11.5 -Mr11.6 -Mr11.7 -Mr11.8 -Mr11.9 -Mr11.10 -Mr11.11 -Mr11.12 -Mr11.13 class of plants, seldom rising above twelve feet, but sending off from the bottom many spreading branches. The leaves are of a dark green colour, nearly a span long, smooth, and irregularly divided into from three to five deep rounded lobes; and the fruit grows on short and thick stalks, of a purplish colour, and contains a soft, sweet, and fragrant pulp, intermixed with numerous small seeds. of ripe figs was not yet, is not the reason why our Lord did not find any fruit on the tree, because the fig is of that class of vegetables in which the fruit is formed in its immature state before the leaves are seen. But as the fruit is of a pulpy nature, the broad, thick leaves come out in profusion to protect it from the rays of the sun during the time it is ripening. If the words, for the time, however, are read as a parenthesis, they then become a reason why Jesus Christ should look for fruit, because the season for gathering not having fully come, it would remove all suspicion that the fruit had been gathered: while the presence of the leaves incontestably proved the advance of the tree to the state in which fruit is found. -Mr11.14 -Mr11.15 -Mr11.16 -Mr11.17 for all nations. a den -Mr11.18 -Mr11.19 -Mr11.20 way-side, and was therefore not private, but public property; so that the destruction of it really injured no one. Our Lord was pleased to make use of this miracle to prefigure the speedy ruin of the Jewish nation, on account of its unfruitfulness under greater advantages than any other people enjoyed at that day; and, like all the rest of his miracles, it was done with a gracious intention, to alarm his countrymen, and induce them to repent. -Mr11.21 -Mr11.22 -Mr11.23 -Mr11.24 -Mr11.25 -Mr11.26 -Mr11.27 -Mr11.28 -Mr11.29 -Mr11.30 -Mr11.31 -Mr11.32 -Mr11.33 -Mr12.1 01 In a parable of the vineyard let out to wicked husbandmen Christ foretells the reprobation of the Jews, and the calling of the Gentiles 13 He avoids the snare of the Pharisees and Herodians about paying tribute to Cesar 18 convicts the Sadducees of error, who denied the resurrection 28 resolves the scribe, who questioned of the first commandment 35 refutes the opinion that the scribes held of Christ 38 bidding the people to beware of their ambition and hypocrisy 41 and commends the poor widow for her two mites, above all -Mr12.2 -Mr12.3 -Mr12.4 -Mr12.5 -Mr12.6 -Mr12.7 -Mr12.8 -Mr12.9 -Mr12.10 -Mr12.11 -Mr12.12 -Mr12.13 -Mr12.14 -Mr12.15 -Mr12.16 -Mr12.17 -Mr12.18 -Mr12.19 -Mr12.20 -Mr12.21 -Mr12.22 -Mr12.23 -Mr12.24 the Sadducees admitted as Devine, our Lord confutes them by an appeal to these books, and proves that they professed to hold sacred. He not only rectified their opinions, but so explained the doctrine as to overthrow the erroneous decision of the Pharisees, that if two brothers married one woman, she should be restored at the resurrection to the first. -Mr12.25 -Mr12.26 -Mr12.27 -Mr12.28 -Mr12.29 -Mr12.30 -Mr12.31 -Mr12.32 -Mr12.33 -Mr12.34 -Mr12.35 -Mr12.36 -Mr12.37 -Mr12.38 -Mr12.39 -Mr12.40 -Mr12.41 -Mr12.42 money. -Mr12.43 -Mr12.44 -Mr13.1 01 Christ foretells the destruction of the temple 09 the persecutions for the gospel 10 that the gospel must be preached to all nations 14 that great calamities shall happen to the Jews 24 and the manner of his coming to judgment 32 the hour whereas being known to none, every man is to watch and pray, that we be not found unprovided, when he comes to each one particularly by death. -Mr13.2 -Mr13.3 -Mr13.4 -Mr13.5 -Mr13.6 -Mr13.7 -Mr13.8 woman in travail. -Mr13.9 courts of judicature in each city: see Mat 5.22. For the fulfilment of these predictions, see note on mat ch 24. -Mr13.10 -Mr13.11 -Mr13.12 -Mr13.13 -Mr13.14 -Mr13.15 -Mr13.16 -Mr13.17 -Mr13.18 -Mr13.19 -Mr13.20 -Mr13.21 -Mr13.22 -Mr13.23 -Mr13.24 -Mr13.25 -Mr13.26 -Mr13.27 -Mr13.28 -Mr13.29 -Mr13.30 -Mr13.31 -Mr13.32 -Mr13.33 -Mr13.34 -Mr13.35 -Mr13.36 -Mr13.37 -Mr14.1 01 A conspiracy against Christ 03 Precious ointment is poured on his head by a woman 10 Judas sells his Master for money 12 Christ himself foretells how he shall be betrayed by one of his disciples 22 after the passover prepared, and eaten, institutes his last supper 26 declares aforehand the flight of all his disciples, and Peter's denial 43 Judas betrays him with a kiss 46 He is apprehended in the garden 53 falsely accused and impiously condemned of the Jews council 65 shamefully abused by them 66 and thrice denied of Peter -Mr14.2 -Mr14.3 -Mr14.4 -Mr14.5 -Mr14.6 -Mr14.7 -Mr14.8 that Matthew and Mark should have introduced this story out of its place--that Lazarus, if he made this feast (which is not expressly said by John,) should have made use of Simon's house, as more convenient--and that Mary should have poured this ointment on Christ's head and body, as well as on his feet,--than that, within the compass of four days, Christ should have been twice anointed with so costly a perfume; and that the same value set upon the ointment, and the same words used in defence of the woman, and all this in the presence of many of the same persons; all which improbable particulars must be admitted, if the stories be considered as different. The rebuke which Judas received from Christ at this function determined him in his resolution to betray his Master; and therefore Christ's rebuke and Judas's revenge, are united, as cause and effect, by Matthew and Mark. -Mr14.9 -Mr14.10 -Mr14.11 -Mr14.12 -Mr14.13 -Mr14.14 -Mr14.15 -Mr14.16 -Mr14.17 -Mr14.18 -Mr14.19 -Mr14.20 -Mr14.21 -Mr14.22 whether expressed or understood, being often equivalent to signifies or represents. -Mr14.23 -Mr14.24 -Mr14.25 -Mr14.26 term the great Hallel, or praise, and always sing at the paschal festivity, they went. -Mr14.27 -Mr14.28 -Mr14.29 -Mr14.30 -Mr14.31 -Mr14.32 -Mr14.33 -Mr14.34 -Mr14.35 -Mr14.36 -Mr14.37 -Mr14.38 -Mr14.39 -Mr14.40 -Mr14.41 -Mr14.42 -Mr14.43 -Mr14.44 -Mr14.45 -Mr14.46 -Mr14.47 -Mr14.48 -Mr14.49 -Mr14.50 -Mr14.51 -Mr14.52 -Mr14.53 -Mr14.54 -Mr14.55 -Mr14.56 -Mr14.57 -Mr14.58 -Mr14.59 -Mr14.60 -Mr14.61 -Mr14.62 always considered by the Jews as a description of the Messiah. Our Saviour, therefore, now in his lowest state of humiliation, asserted his claims as the Messiah, who shall appear in the clouds of heaven, as the judge of the world. -Mr14.63 -Mr14.64 -Mr14.65 -Mr14.66 -Mr14.67 -Mr14.68 -Mr14.69 another, as St. Matthew states, she who was the janitrix, or door-keeper -Mr14.70 produced by Lightfoot, and Schoetgen, it appears that the Galileans used a very corrupt dialect and pronunciation; interchanging the gutturals, and other letters, and so blending or dividing words as to render them unintelligible, or convey a contrary sense. Thus when a Galilean would have asked, whose is this lamb, he pronounced the first word so confusedly that it could not be known whether he meant an ass, wine, wool, or a lamb. A certain woman intending to say to a judge, My lord, I had a picture which they stole; and it was so great, that if you had been placed in it, your feet would not have touched the ground, so spoiled it by her pronunciation, that her words meant, Sir slave, I had a beam, and they stole thee away; and it was so great, that if they had hung thee on it, thy feet would not have touched the ground. -Mr14.71 -Mr14.72 he began to weep -Mr15.1 01 Jesus brought bound, and accused before Pilate 06 Upon the clamour of the common people, the murderer Barabbas is loosed, and Jesus delivered up to be crucified 16 He is crowned with thorns, spit on, and mocked 21 faints in bearing his cross 27 hangs between two thieves 29 suffers the triumphing reproaches of the Jews 39 but is confessed by the centurion to be the Son of God 42 and is honourably buried by Joseph -Mr15.2 -Mr15.3 -Mr15.4 -Mr15.5 -Mr15.6 -Mr15.7 -Mr15.8 -Mr15.9 -Mr15.10 -Mr15.11 -Mr15.12 -Mr15.13 -Mr15.14 -Mr15.15 -Mr15.16 house of the praetor, a military, and sometimes a civil officer. -Mr15.17 -Mr15.18 -Mr15.19 -Mr15.20 -Mr15.21 -Mr15.22 -Mr15.23 -Mr15.24 -Mr15.25 -Mr15.26 -Mr15.27 -Mr15.28 -Mr15.29 -Mr15.30 -Mr15.31 -Mr15.32 -Mr15.33 -Mr15.34 -Mr15.35 -Mr15.36 -Mr15.37 -Mr15.38 -Mr15.39 commander of a century, or 100 men. In order to have a proper notion of his office, it may be desirable to explain the construction and array of the Roman legion. Each legion was divided into ten cohorts, each cohort into three maniples, and each maniple into two centuries; so that there were thirty maniples, and sixty centuries in a legion, which, if the century had always, as the word imports, consisted of 100 soldiers, would have formed a combined phalanx of 6000 men. The number in a legion, however, varied at different periods; in the time of Polybius it was the hastati, or spearmen, occupied the front; the principes, the second line; the triarii, (also called pilani, from their weapon, the pilam,) the third. The centurions were appointed by the tribunes, and generally selected from the common soldiers according to their merit; although the office was sometimes obtained for money, or through the favour of the consuls. Their badge was a vine rod, or sapling. -Mr15.40 -Mr15.41 -Mr15.42 -Mr15.43 -Mr15.44 -Mr15.45 -Mr15.46 -Mr15.47 -Mr16.1 01 An Angel declares the resurrection of Christ to three women 09 Christ himself appears to Mary Magdalene 12 to two going into the country 14 then to the apostles 15 whom he send forth to preach the gospel 19 and ascends into heaven -Mr16.2 the sepulchre, and, in consequence of that, two distinct reports to the disciples; that Mary Magdalene, with the other Mary and Salome, set out not only early, but very early in the morning, before the time appointed to meet Joanna and the other women there. (lu 24.10). This interpretation, which is adopted by several eminent writers, is very probable, and reconciles the apparent discrepancy in the evangelists. -Mr16.3 -Mr16.4 -Mr16.5 mentioned by St. Matthew. The latter sat in the porch of the tomb, and had assumed a terrible appearance to overawe the guard. (Mat 28.1) But this appeared as a young man, within the sepulchre, in the inner apartment. The two angels spoken of by St. John (ch 20.11) appeared some time after these; but whether they were the same or different cannot be ascertained; nor whether the angels which manifested themselves to the second party of women, recorded by St. Luke (ch 24.4) were the same or different. -Mr16.6 -Mr16.7 -Mr16.8 -Mr16.9 -Mr16.10 -Mr16.11 -Mr16.12 -Mr16.13 -Mr16.14 -Mr16.15 -Mr16.16 -Mr16.17 -Mr16.18 should not lose their life by poison, and there is neither record nor tradition to disprove it. But it is worthy of remark, that Mohammed, who styled himself the apostle of God, lost his life by poison; and, had he been a true prophet, or a true apostle of God, he would not have fallen into the snare. -Mr16.19 -Mr16.20 -Lu1.1 The Gospel According to Luke CONCLUDING REMARKS Luke, to whom this Gospel has been uniformly attributed from the earliest ages of the Christian church, is generally allowed to have been the 'beloved physician' mentioned by St. Paul, (Col.iv,14;) and as he was the companion of that apostle, in all his labours and sufferings, for many years, (Ac. xvi.12; xx.1-6; xxvii.1,2; xxviii.13-16 2ti iv.11 phile 24,) and wrote 'the Acts of the Apostles,' which conclude with a brief account of St. Paul's imprisonment at Rome, we may be assured that he had the Apostle's sanction to what he did; and probably this Gospel was written some time before that event, about A.D. 63 or 64, as is generally supposed. He would appear, from Col iv.10,11, and his intimate acquaintance with the Greek language, as well as from his Greek name [xxxxxx], to have been of Gentile extraction; and according to Eusebius and others, he was a native of Antioch. But, from the Hebraisms occuring in his writings, and especially from his accurate knowledge of the Jewish rites, ceremonies, and customs, it is highly probable that he was a Jewish proselyte, and afterwards converted to Christianity. Though he may not have been, as some have affirmed, one of the seventy disciples, and an eye-witness of our Saviour's miracles, yet his intercourse with the apostles, and those who were eye-witnesses of the works and ear witnesses of the words of Christ, renders him an unexceptional witness, if considered merely as an historian; and the early and unanimous reception of his Gospel as divinely inspired is sufficient to satisy every reasonable person. 5-25 The conception of John the Baptist 26-38 and of Christ 39-56 The prophecy of Elizabeth and of Mary, concerning Christ 57-66 The nativity and acircumcision of John 67-75 The prophecy of Zacharias, both of Christ 76-80 and of John measure; and is applied to a ship fully laden, to a tree in full bearing, etc. Hence it implies that fulness of evidence by which any fact is supported, and also that confidence, or feeling of assent, by which facts so supported are believed. -Lu1.2 Luke 1:2 -Lu1.3 Luke 1:3 -Lu1.4 Luke 1:4 -Lu1.5 Luke 1:5 -Lu1.6 Luke 1:6 -Lu1.7 Luke 1:7 -Lu1.8 Luke 1:8 -Lu1.9 Luke 1:9 -Lu1.10 Luke 1:10 -Lu1.11 Luke 1:11 -Lu1.12 Luke 1:12 -Lu1.13 Luke 1:13 -Lu1.14 Luke 1:14 -Lu1.15 Luke 1:15 -Lu1.16 Lu 1:16 -Lu1.17 Luke 1:17 -Lu1.18 Luke 1:18 -Lu1.19 Luke 1:19 -Lu1.20 Luke 1:20 imperfection or debility of the organs of speech, as in dumbness yet, thou shalt not be able to speak. This was at once a proof of the severity and mercy of God; of severity, in condeming him to nine months' silence for his unbelief; of mercy, in rendering his punishment temporary, and the means of making others rejoice in the events predicted. -Lu1.21 Luke 1:21 -Lu1.22 Luke 1.22 -Lu1.23 Luke 1:23 -Lu1.24 Luke 1:24 -Lu1.25 Luke 1:25 -Lu1.26 Luke 1:26 -Lu1.27 Luke 1:27 -Lu1.28 Luke 1:28 -Lu1.29 Luke 1:29 -Lu1.30 Luke 1:30 -Lu1.31 Luke 1:31 -Lu1.32 Luke 1:32 -Lu1.33 Luke 1:33 -Lu1.34 Luke 1:34 -Lu1.35 Luke 1:35 -Lu1.36 Luke 1:36 -Lu1.37 Luke 1:37 -Lu1.38 Luke 1:38 -Lu1.39 Luke 1:39 situated in the hill country of Judea, (Jos 11.21; 21.11,13,) about 25 miles south of Jerusalem, and nearly 100 from Nazareth. Such was the intense desire of Mary's mind to visit and communicate with her relative Elisabeth, that she scrupled not to undertake this long journey to effect her purpose. -Lu1.40 Luke 1:40 -Lu1.41 Luke 1:41 -Lu1.42 Luke 1:42 -Lu1.43 Luke 1:43 -Lu1.44 Luke 1:44 -Lu1.45 Luke 1:45 -Lu1.46 Luke 1:46 -Lu1.47 Luke 1:47 -Lu1.48 Luke 1:48 -Lu1.49 Luke 1:49 -Lu1.50 Luke 1:50 -Lu1.51 Luke 1:51 -Lu1.52 Luke 1:52 -Lu1.53 Luke 1:53 -Lu1.54 Luke 1:54 -Lu1.55 Luke 1:55 -Lu1.56 Luke 1:56 -Lu1.57 Luke 1:57 -Lu1.58 Luke 1:58 -Lu1.59 Luke 1:59 -Lu1.60 Luke 1:60 -Lu1.61 Luke 1:61 -Lu1.62 Luke 1:62 -Lu1.63 Luke 1:63 -Lu1.64 Luke 1:64 -Lu1.65 Luke 1:65 -Lu1.66 Luke 1:66 -Lu1.67 Luke 1:67 -Lu1.68 Luke 1:68 -Lu1.69 Luke 1:69 -Lu1.70 Luke 1:70 -Lu1.71 Luke 1:71 -Lu1.72 Luke 1:72 -Lu1.73 Luke 1:73 -Lu1.74 Luke 1:74 -Lu1.75 Luke 1:75 -Lu1.76 Luke 1:76 -Lu1.77 Luke 1:77 -Lu1.78 Luke 1:78 -Lu1.79 Luke 1.79 -Lu1.80 Luke 1:80 -Lu2.1 Luke 2:1 6,7 The nativity of Christ 8-14 An angel relates it to the shepherds, and many sing praises to God for it, 15-20 The shepherds glorify God 21 Christ is circumcised 22-24 Mary purified 25-38 Simeon and Anna prophesy of Christ 39,40 who increases in wisdom 41-50 questions in the temple with the doctors 51,52 and is obedient to his parents -Lu2.2 Luke 2:2 -Lu2.3 Luke 2:3 -Lu2.4 Luke 2:4 -Lu2.5 Luke 2:5 -Lu2.6 Luke 2:6 -Lu2.7 Luke 2:7 -Lu2.8 Luke 2:8 -Lu2.9 Luke 2:9 -Lu2.10 Luke 2:10 -Lu2.11 Luke 2:11 -Lu2.12 Luke 2:12 -Lu2.13 Luke 2:13 -Lu2.14 Luke 2:14 -Lu2.15 Luke 2:15 -Lu2.16 Luke 2:16 -Lu2.17 Luke 2:17 -Lu2.18 Luke 2:18 -Lu2.19 Luke 2:19 -Lu2.20 Luke 2:20 -Lu2.21 Luke 2:21 -Lu2.22 Luke 2:22 -Lu2.23 Luke 2:23 -Lu2.24 Luke 2:24 -Lu2.25 Luke 2:25 -Lu2.26 Luke 2:26 corresponding to [] -Lu2.27 Luke 2:27 -Lu2.28 Luke 2:28 -Lu2.29 Luke 2:29 -Lu2.30 Luke 2:30 -Lu2.31 Luke 2:31 -Lu2.32 Luke 2:32 -Lu2.33 Luke 2:33 -Lu2.34 Luke 2:34 -Lu2.35 Luke 2:35 -Lu2.36 Luke 2:36 -Lu2.37 Luke 2:37 -Lu2.38 Luke 2:38 -Lu2.39 Luke 2:39 Lower Galilee, according to Eusebius, fifteen miles east of Legio, near mount Tabor, and, according to D'Arvieux, about eight leagues, or accordind to Maundrell, seven liours, or about twenty miles S.E. of Acre. It is one of the principal towns of the Pashalic of Acre, containing a population of about 3000 souls, of whom 500 are turks, the remainder being Christians. It is delightfully situated on elevated ground, in a valley, encompassed by mountains. -Lu2.40 Luke 2:40 -Lu2.41 Luke 2:41 -Lu2.42 Luke 2:42 -Lu2.44 Luke 2:44 -Lu2.45 Luke 2:45 -Lu2.46 Luke 2:46 -Lu2.47 Luke 2:47 -Lu2.48 Luke 2:48 -Lu2.49 Luke 2:49 -Lu2.50 Luke 2:50 -Lu2.51 Luke 2:51 -Lu2.52 Luke 2:52 -Lu3.1 Luke 3:1 19,20 his testimony of Christ 21,22 Christ, baptized, receives testimony from heaven 23-38 The age and geneology of Christ from Joseph upwards Djedour, according to Burckhardt, and comprising all the flat country south of Djebel Kessoue as far as Nowa, east of Djebel el Sheikh, or mount Hermon, and west of the Hadj road. Trachonitis, according to Strablo and Ptolemy, comprehended all the uneven country on the east of Auranitis, now Haouran, from near Damascus to Bozra, now called El Ledja and Djebel Haouran. Abilene was a district in the valley of Lebanon, so called from Abila its chief town, eighteen miles N. of Damascus, according Antoninus. -Lu3.2 Luke 3:2 -Lu3.3 Luke 3:3 -Lu3.4 Luke 3:4 -Lu3.5 Luke 3:5 -Lu3.6 Luke 3:6 -Lu3.7 Luke 3:7 -Lu3.8 Luke 3:8 -Lu3.9 Luke 3:9 -Lu3.10 Luke 3:10 -Lu3.11 Luke 3:11 -Lu3.12 Luke 3:12 -Lu3.13 Luke 3:13 -Lu3.14 Luke 3:14 -Lu3.15 Luke 3:15 -Lu3.16 Luke 3:16 -Lu3.17 Luke 3:17 -Lu3.18 Luke 3:18 -Lu3.19 Luke 3:19 -Lu3.20 Luke 3:20 -Lu3.21 Luke 3:21 -Lu3.22 Luke 3:22 -Lu3.23 Luke 3:23 The real father of Joseph was Jacob (Mat 1.16); but having married the daughter of Heli, and being perhaps adopted by him, he was called his son, and as such was entered in the public registers; Mary not being mentioned, because the Hebrews never permitted the name of a woman to enter the genealogical tables, but inserted her husband as the son of him who was in reality, but his father-in-law. Hence it appears that St. Matthew, who wrote principally for the Jews, traces the pedigree of Jesus Christ though whom the promises were given to the Jews, to David, and from David through the line of Solomon, to Jacob, the father of Joseph, the reputed or legal father of Christ; and that St. Luke, who wrote for the Gentiles, extends his genealogy upwards from Heli, the father of Mary, through the line of Nathan, to David, and from David to Abraham, and from Abraham to Adam, who was the immediate 'son of God' by creation, and to whom the promise of the Saviour was given in behalf of himself and all his posterity. The two branches of descent from David, by Solomon and Nathan, being thus united in the persons of Mary and Joseph, Jesus the son of Mary re-united in himself all the blood, privileges, and rights, of the whole family of David; in consequence of which he is emphatically called 'the Son of David.' -Lu3.24 Luke 3:24 -Lu3.25 Luke 3:25 -Lu3.26 Luke 3:26 -Lu3.27 Luke 3:27 -Lu3.28 Luke 3:28 -Lu3.29 Luke 3:29 -Lu3.30 Luke 3:30 -Lu3.31 Luke 3:31 -Lu3.32 Luke 3:32 -Lu3.33 Luke 3:33 -Lu3.34 Luke 3:34 -Lu3.35 Luke 3:35 -Lu3.36 Luke 3:36 genealogies, but only in the Septuagint; from which, prbably, the evangelist transcribed the register, as sufficiently exact for his purpose, and as more generally suited to command attention. here, from Nathan downwards, as in Joseph's geneaology, yet there appears no sufficient evidence that the same persons were intended, different persons often bearing the same name. -Lu3.37 Luke 3:37 -Lu3.38 Luke 3:38 -Lu4.1 Luke 4:1 14-15 He begins to preach 16-32 The people of Nazareth admire his gracious words, but being offended, seek to kill him. 33-37 He cures one possesed of a devil 38,39 Peter's mother-in-law 40 and divers other sick persons 41 The devils acknowledge Christ, and are reproved for it, 42-44 He preaches through the cities of Galilee -Lu4.2 Luke 4:2 -Lu4.3 Luke 4:3 -Lu4.4 Luke 4:4 -Lu4.5 Luke 4:5 -Lu4.6 Luke 4:6 -Lu4.7 Luke 4:7 -Lu4.8 Luke 4:8 -Lu4.9 Luke 4:9 -Lu4.10 Luke 4:10 -Lu4.11 Luke 4:11 -Lu4.12 Luke 4:12 -Lu4.13 Luke 4:13 -Lu4.14 Luke 4:14 -Lu4.15 Luke 4:15 -Lu4.16 Luke 4:16 -Lu4.17 Luke 4:17 anciently (as they are still in the synagogues) written on skins of parchment, and rolled on two rollers, beginning on each end, so that in reading from right to left, they rolled off with the left hand while they rolled on with the right. -Lu4.18 Luke 4:18 -Lu4.19 Luke 4:19 -Lu4.20 Luke 4:20 -Lu4.21 Luke 4:21 -Lu4.22 Luke 4:22 -Lu4.23 Luke 4:23 -Lu4.24 Luke 4:24 -Lu4.25 Luke 4:25 -Lu4.26 Luke 4:26 iterranean, is called Zarphand by the Arabian geographer Sherif Ibn Idris, who places it twenty miles N. of Tyre, and ten S. of Sidon; but its real distance from Tyre is about fifteen miles, the whole distance from that city to Sidon being only twenty-five miles. Maundrell states that the place shewn him for this city, called Sarphan, consisted of only a few houses, on the tops of the mountains, within about half a mile of the sea; between which there were ruins of considerable extent. -Lu4.27 Luke 4:27 -Lu4.28 Luke 4:28 -Lu4.29 Luke 4:29 -Lu4.30 Luke 4:30 -Lu4.31 Luke 4:31 -Lu4.32 Luke 4:32 -Lu4.33 Luke 4:33 -Lu4.34 Luke 4:34 -Lu4.35 Luke 4:35 -Lu4.36 Luke 4:36 -Lu4.37 Luke 4:37 Clarke. The people are represented as struck with astonishment, and the sound goes out through all the coasts; in allusion to the propagation of sound by a smart stroke upon any substance. -Lu4.38 Luke 4:38 -Lu4.39 Luke 4:39 -Lu4.40 Luke 4:40 -Lu4.41 Luke 4:41 -Lu4.42 Luke 4:42 -Lu4.43 Luke 4:43 -Lu4.44 Luke 4:44 Is. 9.1,2 assert that Galilee was the place where the Messiah should first appear. Thus also Is 2.19, 'When he shall arise to smite terribly the earth,' is expounded in the book Zohar, as referring to the Messiah: 'When he shall arise; [], and shall be revealed in the land of Galilee.' -Lu5.1 Luke 5:1 4-11 in a miraculous taking of fishes, shews how he will make him and his partners fishers of men 12-15 cleanses the leper 16 prays in the wilderness 17-26 heals one sick of the palsy 27-28 calls Matthew the Publican 29-32 eats with sinners, as being the physician of souls 33-35 foretells the fastings and afflictions of the apostles after his ascension 36-39 and illustrates the matter by the parable of old bottles and worn garments -Lu5.2 Luke 5.2 -Lu5.3 Luke 5:3 -Lu5.4 Luke 5:4 -Lu5.5 Luke 5.5 -Lu5.6 Luke 5:6 -Lu5.7 Luke 5:7 -Lu5.8 Luke 4:8 -Lu5.9 Luke 5:9 -Lu5.10 Luke 5:10 -Lu5.11 Luke 5:11 -Lu5.12 Luke 5:11 -Lu5.13 Luke 5:13 -Lu5.14 Luke 5:14 -Lu5.15 Luke 5:15 -Lu5.16 Luke 5:16 -Lu5.17 Luke 5:17 -Lu5.18 Luke 5:18 -Lu5.19 Luke 5:19 -Lu5.20 Luke 5:20 -Lu5.21 Luke 5:21 -Lu5.22 Luke 5:22 -Lu5.23 Luke 5:23 -Lu5.24 Luke 5:24 -Lu5.25 Luke 5:25 -Lu5.26 Luke 5:26 -Lu5.27 Luke 5:27 -Lu5.28 Luke 5:28 -Lu5.29 Luke 5:29 -Lu5.30 Luke 5:30 -Lu5.31 Luke 5:31 -Lu5.32 Luke 5:32 -Lu5.33 Luke 5:33 -Lu5.34 Luke 5:34 -Lu5.35 Luke 5:35 -Lu5.36 Luke 5:36 -Lu5.37 Luke 5:37 -Lu5.38 Luke 5:38 -Lu5.39 Luke 5:39 -Lu6.1 Luke 6:1 12-16 chooses apostles 17-19 heals the diseased 20-49 preaches to his disciples before the people -Lu6.2 Luke 6:2 -Lu6.3 Luke 6:3 -Lu6.4 Luke 6:4 -Lu6.5 Luke 6:5 -Lu6.6 Luke 6:6 -Lu6.7 Luke 6:7 -Lu6.8 Luke 6:8 -Lu6.9 Luke 6:9 -Lu6.10 Luke 6:10 -Lu6.11 Luke 6:11 -Lu6.12 Luke 6:12 -Lu6.13 Luke 6:13 -Lu6.14 Luke 6:14 -Lu6.15 Luke 6:15 -Lu6.16 Luke 6:16 -Lu6.17 Luke 6:17 -Lu6.18 Luke 6:18 -Lu6.19 Luke 6:19 -Lu6.20 Luke 6:20 -Lu6.21 Luke 6:21 -Lu6.22 Luke 6:22 -Lu6.23 -Lu6.24 Luke 6:24 -Lu6.25 Luke 6:25 -Lu6.26 Luke 6:26 -Lu6.27 Luke 6:27 -Lu6.28 Luke 6:28 -Lu6.29 Luke 6.29 -Lu6.30 Luke 6:30 -Lu6.31 Like 6:31 -Lu6.32 Luke 6:32 -Lu6.33 Luke 6:33 -Lu6.34 Luke 6:34 -Lu6.35 Luke 6:35 -Lu6.36 Luke 6:36 -Lu6.37 Luke 6:37 -Lu6.38 Luke 6:38 -Lu6.39 Luke 6:39 -Lu6.40 Luke 6:40 as his master. -Lu6.41 Luke 6:41 -Lu6.42 Luke 6:42 -Lu6.43 Luke 6:43 -Lu6.44 Luke 6:44 -Lu6.45 Luke 6:45 -Lu6.46 Luke 6:46 -Lu6.47 Luke 6.47 -Lu6.48 Luke 6:48 -Lu6.49 Luke 6:49 -Lu7.1 Luke 7:1 than in any of the Jews, 10 heals his servant, being absent 11-17 raises from death the widow's son at Nain 18-23 answers John's messengers with the declaration of his miracles 24-30 testifies to the people what opinion he had of John 31-35 inveighs against the Jews, who with neither the manners of John nor of Jesus could be won 36-50 and suffering his feet to be washed and anoited by a woman who was a sinner, he shews how he is a friend to sinners, to forgive them their sins, upon their repentance -Lu7.2 Luke 7:2 -Lu7.3 Luke 7:3 -Lu7.4 Luke 7:4 -Lu7.5 Luke 7:5 -Lu7.6 Luke 7:6 -Lu7.7 Luke 7:7 -Lu7.8 Luke 7:8 -Lu7.9 Luke 7:9 -Lu7.10 Luke 7:10 -Lu7.11 Luke 7:11 -Lu7.12 Luke 7:12 -Lu7.13 Luke 7:13 -Lu7.14 Luke 7:14 -Lu7.15 Luke 7:15 -Lu7.16 Luke 7:16 -Lu7.17 Luke 7:17 -Lu7.18 Luke 7:18 -Lu7.19 Luke 7:19 sign from heaven, and the miraculous impulse which made him acknowledge Jesus the Messiah, we shall be constrained to think that he sent to Christ, not for his own satisfaction, but for that of his disciples. -Lu7.20 Luke 7:20 -Lu7.21 Luke 7:21 disorders. -Lu7.22 Luke 7:22 -Lu7.23 Luke 7:23 -Lu7.24 Luke 7:24 -Lu7.25 Luke 7:25 -Lu7.26 Luke 7:26 -Lu7.27 Luke 7:27 -Lu7.28 Luke 7:28 -Lu7.29 Luke 7:29 -Lu7.30 Luke 7:30 -Lu7.31 Luke 7:31 -Lu7.32 Luke 7:32 -Lu7.33 Luke 7:33 -Lu7.34 Luke 7:34 -Lu7.35 Luke 7:35 -Lu7.36 Luke 7:36 -Lu7.37 Luke 7:37 -Lu7.38 Luke 7:38 -Lu7.39 Luke 7:39 -Lu7.40 Luke 7:40 -Lu7.41 Luke 7:41 -Lu7.42 Luke 7:42 -Lu7.43 Luke 7:43 -Lu7.44 Luke 7:44 -Lu7.45 Luke 7:45 Many have supposed that this person was Mary Magdalene, and Mary, the sister of Lazarus. But there is no indication in the gospel history, that Mary Magdalene was the sister of Lazarus; but on the contrary, it would appear that they were perfectly distint persons, the sister of Lazarus residing at Bethany, while Mary Magdalene appears to have resided at Magdala, east of Jordan, a distance of nearly ninety miles. Add to this, that our Saviour seems to have been now in or near Nain, not at Bethany; and the woman appears from the recital to have been previously unknown to him. -Lu7.46 Luke 7:46 -Lu7.47 Luke 7:47 -Lu7.48 Luke 7:48 -Lu7.49 Luke 7:49 -Lu7.50 Luke 7:50 -Lu8.1 Luke 8:1 4-15 Christ, after he had preached from place to place, attended by his apostles, propounds the parable of the sower, 16-18 and the candle, 19-21 declares who are his mother, and brethren 22-25 rebukes the winds 26-36 casts the legion of devils out of the man into the herd of swine, 37-42 is rejected by the Gaderenes, 43-48 heals the woman of her bloody issue 49-56 and raises from death Jairus's daughter -Lu8.2 Luke 8:2 -Lu8.3 Luke 8:3 -Lu8.4 Luke 8:4 -Lu8.5 Luke 8:5 -Lu8.6 Luke 8:6 -Lu8.7 Luke 8:7 -Lu8.8 Luke 8:8 -Lu8.9 Luke 8:9 -Lu8.10 Luke 8:10 -Lu8.11 Luke 8:11 -Lu8.12 Luke 8:12 -Lu8.13 Luke 8:13 -Lu8.14 Luke 8:14 -Lu8.15 Luke 8:15 -Lu8.16 Luke 8:16 -Lu8.17 Luke 8:17 -Lu8.18 Luke 8.18 -Lu8.19 Luke 8:19 -Lu8.20 Luke 8.20 -Lu8.21 Luke 8:21 -Lu8.22 Luke 8:22 -Lu8.23 Luke 8:23 -Lu8.24 Luke 8:24 of the wind, it was necessary to remove the cause of the commotion before the effect would cease. But who, by simply saying 'Peace, be still,' (Mar 4.39) could do this but God? One word of our Lord can change the face of nature, and calm the troubled ocean, as well as restore peace to the disconsolate soul. -Lu8.25 Luke 8:25 -Lu8.26 Luke 8:26 -Lu8.27 Luke 8:27 -Lu8.28 Luke 8:28 -Lu8.29 Luke 8:29 -Lu8.30 Luke 8:30 -Lu8.31 Luke 8:31 many of these fallen spirits are detained; and to which some, who may, like these, have been permitted for a while to range at large, are sometimes by Divine justice and power remanded.' -Lu8.32 Luke 8:32 -Lu8.33 Luke 8:33 and the reality of diabolicalagency; 'for,' says Dr. Doddridge, 'it was self-evident that a herd of swine could not be confederates in any fraud; their death, therefore, in this instructive circumstance, was ten thousand times a greater blessing to mankind than if they had been slain for food, as was intended. -Lu8.34 Luke 8:34 -Lu8.35 Luke 8:35 -Lu8.36 Luke 8:36 -Lu8.37 Luke 8:37 -Lu8.38 Luke 8:38 -Lu8.39 Luke 8:39 -Lu8.40 Luke 8:40 -Lu8.41 Luke 8:41 -Lu8.42 Luke 8:42 -Lu8.43 Luke 8:43 -Lu8.44 Luke 8:44 -Lu8.45 Luke 8:45 Epiphanius, 'but that he might not be himself the divulger of the miracle, and that the woman, hearing the question, and drawing near, might testify the singular benefit she had received, and that, in consequence of her declaration, she might presently hear from his lips, that her faith had saved her; and by this means, others might be excited to come and be healed of their disorders.' -Lu8.46 Luke 9:46 -Lu8.47 Luke 8:47 -Lu8.48 Luke 8:48 -Lu8.49 Luke 8:49 -Lu8.50 Luke 8:50 -Lu8.51 Luke 8:51 -Lu8.52 Luke 8:52 -Lu8.53 Luke 8:53 -Lu8.54 Luke 8:54 -Lu8.55 Luke 8:55 strongly implies, that at death the soul not only exists separately, but returns and is re-united to the body, when it is raised from the dead. -Lu8.56 Luke 8:56 -Lu9.1 Luke 9:1 7-9 Herod desires to see Christ 10-11 The apostles return 12-17 Christ feeds five thousand 18-22 enquires what opinion the world had of him; fortells his passion; 23-27 proposes to all the pattern of his patience 28-36 The transfiguration 37-42 He heals the lunatic 43-45 again forwarns his disciples of his passion 46-50 commends humility 51-56 bids them to shew mildness towards all, without desire of revenge 57-62 Divers would follow him, but upon conditions -Lu9.2 Luke 9:2 -Lu9.3 Luke 9:3 -Lu9.4 Luke 9:4 -Lu9.5 Luke 9:5 -Lu9.6 Luke 9:6 -Lu9.7 Luke 9.7 properly signfies a prince, or ruler over a quarter of any region; and had its origin from Galatia, which was governed by four princes. In the New Testament, however, it denotes a prince, or king, who reigns over the fourth part of a former kingdom. By Herod's will his kingdom was thus divided among his sons: Archelaus had one-half, consisting of Idumea, Judea, and Samaria; Herod Antipas, one fourth, consisting of Galilee and Perea; and Philip the remaining fourth, consisting of Batanea, Trachonitis, and Aurantis. -Lu9.8 Luke 9.8 -Lu9.9 Luke 9:9 -Lu9.10 Luke 9:10 -Lu9.11 Luke 9:11 -Lu9.12 Luke 9:12 -Lu9.13 Luke 9:13 -Lu9.14 Luke 9:14 -Lu9.15 Luke 9:15 -Lu9.16 Luke 9:16 -Lu9.17 Luke 9:17 -Lu9.18 Luke 9:18 -Lu9.19 Luke 9:19 -Lu9.20 Luke 9.20 -Lu9.21 Luke 9:21 -Lu9.22 Luke 9.22 -Lu9.23 Luke 9:23 -Lu9.24 Luke 9:24 -Lu9.25 Luke 9:25 -Lu9.26 Luke 9:26 -Lu9.27 Luke 9:27 -Lu9.28 Luke 9:28 -Lu9.29 Luke 9:29 -Lu9.30 Luke 9:30 -Lu9.31 Luke 9:31 -Lu9.32 Luke 9:32 -Lu9.33 Luke 9:33 -Lu9.34 Luke 9:34 -Lu9.35 Luke 9:35 -Lu9.36 Luke 9:36 -Lu9.37 Luke 9:37 -Lu9.38 Luke 9:39 -Lu9.39 Luke 9:39 -Lu9.40 Luke 9:40 -Lu9.41 Luke 9:41 -Lu9.42 Luke 9:42 -Lu9.43 Luke 9:43 -Lu9.44 Luke 9:44 -Lu9.45 Luke 9:45 -Lu9.46 Luke 9:46 -Lu9.47 Luke 9:47 -Lu9.48 Luke 9:48 -Lu9.49 Luke 9:49 -Lu9.50 Luke 9:50 -Lu9.51 Luke 9:51 -Lu9.52 Luke 9:52 -Lu9.53 Luke 9:53 -Lu9.54 Luke 9:54 -Lu9.55 Luke 9:55 -Lu9.56 Luke 9:56 -Lu9.57 Luke 9:57 -Lu9.58 Luke 9:58 -Lu9.59 Luke 9:59 -Lu9.60 Luke 9:60 -Lu9.61 Luke 9:61 -Lu9.62 Luke 9:62 -Lu10.1 Luke 10:1 miracles, and to preach 13-16 pronounces a woe against certain cities 17-22 The seventy return with joy; he shews them wherein to rejoice and thanks his Father for his grace 23,24 magnifies the happy state of his church 25-37 teaches the lawyer how to attain eternal life, and to take every one for his neighbor that needs his mercy 38-42 reprehends Martha, and commends Mary her sister Rather, seventy others, as Dr. Campbell renders; for the expression [other seventy] implies that there were seventy sent before, which was not the case: it seems to refer to the twelve apostles whom our Lord had previously chosen -Lu10.2 Luke 10:2 -Lu10.3 Luke 10:3 -Lu10.4 Luke 10:4 -Lu10.5 Luke 10:5 -Lu10.6 Luke 10:6 -Lu10.7 Luke 10:7 -Lu10.8 Luke 10:8 -Lu10.9 Luke 10:9 -Lu10.10 Luke 10:10 -Lu10.11 Luke 10:11 -Lu10.12 Luke 10:12 -Lu10.13 Luke 10:13 -Lu10.14 Luke 10:14 -Lu10.15 Luke 10:15 -Lu10.16 Luke 10:16 -Lu10.17 Luke 10:17 -Lu10.18 Luke 10:18 -Lu10.19 Luke 10:19 -Lu10.20 Luke 10:20 -Lu10.21 Luke 10:21 -Lu10.22 Luke 10:22 he said.' -Lu10.23 Luke 10:23 -Lu10.24 Luke 10:24 -Lu10.25 Luke 10:25 -Lu10.26 Luke 10:26 -Lu10.27 Luke 10:27 -Lu10.28 Luke 10:28 -Lu10.29 Luke 10:29 -Lu10.30 Luke 10:30 -Lu10.31 Luke 10:31 -Lu10.32 Luke 10:32 -Lu10.33 Luke 10:33 -Lu10.34 Luke 10:34 -Lu10.35 Luke 10:35 -Lu10.36 Luke 10:36 -Lu10.37 Luke 10:37 -Lu10.38 Luke 10:38 -Lu10.39 Luke 10:39 -Lu10.40 Luke 10:40 -Lu10.41 Luke 10:41 -Lu10.42 Luke 10:42 -Lu11.1 Luke 11:1 11-13 assuring us that God will give all good things to them that ask him 14-26 He, casting out a dumb devil, rebukes the blasphemous Pharisees 27,28 and shews who are blessed 29-36 preaches to the people 37-54 and reprehends the outward shew of holiness in the Pharisees, scribes, and lawyers -Lu11.2 Luke 11:2 -Lu11.3 Luke 11:3 -Lu11.4 Luke 11:4 -Lu11.5 Luke 11:5 -Lu11.6 Luke 11:6 -Lu11.7 Luke 11:7 -Lu11.8 Luke 11:8 -Lu11.9 Luke 11:9 -Lu11.10 Luke 11:10 -Lu11.11 Luke 11:11 -Lu11.12 Luke 11:12 -Lu11.13 Luke 11:13 -Lu11.14 Luke 11:14 -Lu11.15 Luke 11:15 -Lu11.16 Luke 16:11 -Lu11.17 Luke 11:17 -Lu11.18 Luke 11:18 -Lu11.19 Luke 11:19 -Lu11.20 Luke 11:20 For the destruction of the kingdom of Satan plainly implies the setting up of the kingdom of God. The reasoning of the Pharisees (ver 17, and Mat 12.24,25,) was not expressed, and Jesus [knowing their thoughts], gave ample proof of his omniscience. This, with our Lord's masterly confutation of their reasonings, by a conclusion drawn from their own premises, one would have supposed might have humbled and convinced those men; but the most conclusive reasoning, and the most astonishing miracles, were lost upon a people who were obstinately determined to disbelieve every thing that was good relative to Jesus of Nazareth. -Lu11.21 Luke 11:21 -Lu11.22 Luke 11:22 -Lu11.23 Luke 11:23 -Lu11.24 Luke 11:24 -Lu11.25 Luke 11:25 -Lu11.26 Luke 11:26 -Lu11.27 Luke 11:27 -Lu11.28 Luke 11:28 -Lu11.29 Luke 11:29 -Lu11.30 Luke 11:30 -Lu11.31 Luke 11:31 -Lu11.32 Luke 11:32 -Lu11.33 Luke 11:33 -Lu11.34 Luke 11:34 -Lu11.35 Luke 11:35 -Lu11.36 Luke 11:36 shining -Lu11.37 Luke 11:37 -Lu11.38 Luke 11:38 -Lu11.39 Luke 11:39 -Lu11.40 Luke 11:40 -Lu11.41 Luke 11:41 -Lu11.42 Luke 11:42 -Lu11.43 Luke 1:43 -Lu11.44 Luke 11:44 -Lu11.45 Luke 11:45 -Lu11.46 Luke 11:46 -Lu11.47 Luke 11:47 -Lu11.48 Luke 11:48 -Lu11.49 Luke 11:49 the [], or Word of God, that is, our Lord himslef; this being a dignified and oriental mode of expression of [I say], as it is in the parallel passage. -Lu11.50 Luke 11:50 -Lu11.51 Luke 11:51 -Lu11.52 Luke 11:52 -Lu11.53 Luke 11:53 -Lu11.54 Luke 11:54 -Lu12.1 Luke 12:1 fearfulness in publishing his doctrine 13-21 warns the people to beware of covetousness, by the parable of the rich man who set up greater barns 22-30 We must not be over careful of earthly things 31,32 but seek the kingdom of God 33,34 give alms 35-40 be ready at a knock to open to our Lord whensoever he comes 41-48 Christ's ministers are to see to their charges 49-53 and look for persecution 54-56 The people must take this time of grace 57-59 because it is a fearful thing to die without reconciliation -Lu12.2 Luke 12:2 -Lu12.3 Luke 12:3 The houses in Judea being flat roofed, with a balustrade round about, were used for the purpose of taking the air, sleeping, and prayer, and, it seems, for announcing things in the most publick manner. So among the Turks, a [crier] announces the hours of public worship from the minaret or tower of the mosque. -Lu12.4 Luke 12:4 -Lu12.5 Luke 12:5 -Lu12.6 Luke 12:6 -Lu12.7 Luke 12:7 -Lu12.8 Luke 12:8 -Lu12.9 Luke 12:9 -Lu12.10 Luke 12:10 -Lu12.11 Luke 12:11 -Lu12.12 Luke 12:12 -Lu12.13 Luke 12:13 -Lu12.14 Luke 12:14 -Lu12.15 Luke 12:15 -Lu12.16 Luke 12:16 -Lu12.17 Luke 12:17 -Lu12.18 Luke 12:18 -Lu12.19 Luke 12.19 -Lu12.20 Luke 12:20 -Lu12.21 Luke 12:21 -Lu12.22 Luke 12.22 -Lu12.23 Luke 12:23 -Lu12.24 Luke 12:24 The raven is a species of the corvus, or crow tribe, of the order Picae, known by its large size, its plumage being of a bluish black, and tail roundish at the end. It was probably selected by our Lord as being unclean. -Lu12.25 Luke 12:25 -Lu12.26 Luke 12:26 -Lu12.27 Luke 12.27 -Lu12.28 Luke 12:28 -Lu12.29 Luke 12:29 -Lu12.30 Luke 12:30 -Lu12.31 Luke 12:31 -Lu12.32 Luke 12:32 -Lu12.33 Luke 12:33 -Lu12.34 Luke 12:34 -Lu12.35 Luke 12:35 -Lu12.36 Luke 12:36 -Lu12.37 Luke 12:37 -Lu12.38 Luke 12:38 -Lu12.39 Luke 12:39 -Lu12.40 Luke 12:40 -Lu12.41 Luke 12:41 -Lu12.42 Luke 12:42 -Lu12.43 Luke 12:43 -Lu12.44 Luke 12:44 -Lu12.45 Luke 12:45 -Lu12.46 Luke 12:46 -Lu12.47 Luke 12:47 -Lu12.48 Luke 12:48 -Lu12.49 Luke 12:49 -Lu12.50 Luke 12:50 -Lu12.51 Luke 12:51 -Lu12.52 Luke 12:52 -Lu12.53 Luke 12:53 -Lu12.54 Luke 12:54 -Lu12.55 Luke 12:55 -Lu12.56 Luke 12:56 -Lu12.57 Luke 12:57 -Lu12.58 Luke 12:58 -Lu12.59 Luke 12:59 -Lu13.1 Luke 13:1 Galileansm and others, 6-9 The fruitless fig-tree may not stand 10-17 He heals the crooked woman 18-21 shews the powerful working of the word in the hearts of his chosen, by the parable of the grain of mustard seed, and of leaven 22-30 exhorts to enter in at the strait gate 31-35 and reproves Herod and Jerusalem The Galileans are frequently mentioned by Josephus as the most turbulent and seditious people, being upon all occasions ready to disturb the Roman authority. It is uncertain to what event our Lord refers; but is probable that they were the followers of Judas Gaulonitis, who opposed paying tributre to Caesar and submitting to the Roman government. A party of them coming to Jerusalem during one of the great festivals, and presenting their oblations in the court of the temple, Pilate treacherously sent a company of soldiers, who slew them and `mingled their blood with their sacrifices.' -Lu13.2 Luke 13:2 -Lu13.3 Luke 13:3 -Lu13.4 Luke 13:4 -Lu13.5 Luke 13:5 -Lu13.6 Luke 13:6 -Lu13.7 Luke 3:7 -Lu13.8 Luke 13:8 -Lu13.9 Luke 13:9 -Lu13.10 Luke 13:10 -Lu13.11 Luke 13:11 -Lu13.12 Luke 13:12 -Lu13.13 Luke 13:13 -Lu13.14 Luke 13:14 -Lu13.15 Luke 13:15 -Lu13.16 Luke 13:16 -Lu13.17 Luke 13.17 -Lu13.18 Luke 3:18 -Lu13.19 Luke 13:19 -Lu13.20 Luke 13:20 -Lu13.21 Luke 13:21 -Lu13.22 Luke 13:22 -Lu13.23 Luke 13:23 -Lu13.24 Luke 13:24 -Lu13.25 Luke 13:25 -Lu13.26 Luke 13:26 -Lu13.27 Luke 13:27 -Lu13.28 Luke 13:28 -Lu13.29 Luke 13.29 -Lu13.30 Luke 13:30 -Lu13.31 Luke 13:31 -Lu13.32 Luke 13:32 This was probably Herod Antipas, tetrarch of Galilee, who is described by Josephus as a crafty and incestuous prince, with which the character given him by our Lord, and the naratives of the evangelists, exactly coincides -Lu13.33 Luke 13:33 -Lu13.34 Luke 13:34 -Lu13.35 Luke 13:35 -Lu14.1 Luke 14:1 7-11 teaches humility 12-14 to feast the poor 15-24 under the parable of the great supper, shows how worldly minded men, who contemn the word of God, shall be shut out of heaven 25-33 Those who will be his disciples, to bear their cross must make their accounts beforehand, lest with shame they revolt from him afterward 34,35 and become altogether unprofitable, like salt that has last its savour -Lu14.2 Luke 14:2 -Lu14.3 Luke 14:3 -Lu14.4 Luke 14:4 -Lu14.5 Luke 14:5 -Lu14.6 Luke 14:6 -Lu14.7 Luke 14:7 -Lu14.8 Luke 14:8 That there were among the Jews of these times many disputes about seats at banquets, we learn both from Josephus and the Rabbins; nor were these matters unattended to by the Greeks and Romans. Similar admonitions to this of our Lord, also occur in the Rabbinical writers. Rabbi Akiba said, Go two or three seats lower than the place that belongs to thee, and sit there till they say to thee, Go up higher; but do not take the uppermost seat, lest they say unto thee, Come down: for it is better they should say unto thee, Go up, Go up than they should say, Go down, Go down. -Lu14.9 Luke 14:9 -Lu14.10 Luke 14:10 -Lu14.11 Luke 14:11 -Lu14.12 Luke 14:12 -Lu14.13 Luke 14:13 -Lu14.14 Luke 14:14 -Lu14.15 Luke 14:15 -Lu14.16 Luke 14:16 -Lu14.17 Luke 14:17 -Lu14.18 Luke 14:18 -Lu14.19 Luke 14:19 -Lu14.20 Luke 14:20 -Lu14.21 Luke 14:21 -Lu14.22 Luke 14:22 -Lu14.23 Luke 14.23 -Lu14.24 Luke 14:21 -Lu14.25 Luke 14.25 -Lu14.26 Luke 14:26 -Lu14.27 Luke 14:27 -Lu14.28 Luke 14:28 -Lu14.29 Luke 4:29 -Lu14.30 Luke 14:30 -Lu14.31 Luke 14:31 -Lu14.32 Luke 14:32 -Lu14.33 Luke 14:33 -Lu14.34 Luke 14:34 Common salt, or muriat of soda, consists of soda in combination with muriatic acid, and is for the most part an artificial preparation from sea water, though found in some countries in a solid and massive state. See particularly Le 2.12 -Lu14.35 Luke 14:35 -Lu15.1 Luke 15:1 8-10 of the piece of silver 11-32 of the prodigal son -Lu15.2 Luke 15:2 -Lu15.3 Luke 15:3 -Lu15.4 Luke 15:4 -Lu15.5 Luke 15:5 -Lu15.6 Luke 15:6 -Lu15.7 Luke 15:7 -Lu15.8 Luke 15:8 an ounce, which cometh to 7.5 d., and is equal to the Roman penny. -Lu15.9 Luke 15:9 -Lu15.10 Luke 15:10 -Lu15.11 Luke 15:11 -Lu15.12 Luke 15:12 -Lu15.13 Luke 15:13 -Lu15.14 Luke 15:14 -Lu15.15 Luke 15:15 -Lu15.16 Luke 15:16 -Lu15.17 Luke 15:17 -Lu15.18 Luke 15:18 -Lu15.19 Luke 15:19 -Lu15.20 Luke 15:20 -Lu15.21 Luke 15:21 -Lu15.22 Luke 15:22 -Lu15.23 Luke 15:23 -Lu15.24 LUKE 15:24 -Lu15.25 Luke 15:25 -Lu15.26 Luke 15.26 -Lu15.27 Luke 15:27 -Lu15.28 Luke 15:28 -Lu15.29 Luke 15:29 -Lu15.30 Luke 15:30 -Lu15.31 Luke 15:31 -Lu15.32 Luke 15:32 -Lu16.1 Luke 16:1 14-18 Christ reproves the hypocrisy of the covetous Pharises 19-31 The parable of the rich man and Lazarus the beggar -Lu16.2 Luke 16:2 -Lu16.3 Luke 16:3 -Lu16.4 Luke 16:4 -Lu16.5 Luke 16:5 -Lu16.6 Luke 16:6 quarts.' -Lu16.7 Luke 16:7 `The word here interpreted a measure, in the original containeth about fourteen bushels and a pottle.' -Lu16.8 Luke 16:9 -Lu16.9 Luke 16:9 -Lu16.10 Luke 16:10 -Lu16.11 Lu 16:11 -Lu16.12 Luke 16:12 -Lu16.13 Luke 16:13 -Lu16.14 Luke 16:14 -Lu16.15 Luke 16:15 -Lu16.16 Luke 16:16 -Lu16.17 Luke 16.17 -Lu16.18 Luke 16:18 -Lu16.19 Luke 16:19 -Lu16.20 Luke 16:20 -Lu16.21 Luke 16:21 -Lu16.22 Luke 16:22 -Lu16.23 Luke 16:23 -Lu16.24 Luke 16:24 -Lu16.25 Luke 16:25 -Lu16.26 Luke 16:26 -Lu16.27 Luke 16:27 -Lu16.28 Luke 16:28 -Lu16.29 Luke 16:29 -Lu16.30 Luke 16:30 -Lu16.31 Luke 16:31 -Lu17.1 Luke 17:1 3,4 and to forgive one another 5,6 the power of faith 6-10 How we are bound to God, and not he to us 11-21 Christ heals ten lepers 22-37 Of the kingdom of God, and the coming of the Son of Man -Lu17.2 Luke 17:2 -Lu17.3 Luke 17:3 -Lu17.4 Luke 17:4 -Lu17.5 Luke 17:5 -Lu17.6 Luke 17:6 -Lu17.7 Luke 17:7 -Lu17.8 Luke 17:8 -Lu17.9 Luke 17:9 -Lu17.10 Luke 17:10 -Lu17.11 Luke 17:11 -Lu17.12 Luke 17:12 -Lu17.13 Luke 17:13 -Lu17.14 Luke 17:14 -Lu17.15 Luke 17:15 -Lu17.16 Luke 17:16 -Lu17.17 Luke 17:17 -Lu17.18 Luke 17:18 -Lu17.19 Luke 17:19 -Lu17.20 Luke 17:20 -Lu17.21 Luke 17:21 -Lu17.22 Luke 17:22 -Lu17.23 Luke 17:23 -Lu17.24 Luke 17:24 -Lu17.25 Luke 17:25 -Lu17.26 Luke 17:26 -Lu17.27 Luke 17:27 -Lu17.28 Luke 17:28 -Lu17.29 Luke 17:29 -Lu17.30 Luke 17:30 -Lu17.31 Luke 17:31 The flat-roofed eastern houses have stairs on the outside, by which a person may ascend and descend without coming into the house; and in walled cities they usually form continued terraces, from one end of the city to the other, terminating at the gates; so that one may pass along the tops of the houses and escape out of the city without coming down into the street. -Lu17.32 Luke 17:32 -Lu17.33 Luke 17:33 -Lu17.34 Luke 17:34 -Lu17.35 Luke 17:35 -Lu17.36 Luke 17:36 -Lu17.37 Luke 17:37 -Lu18.1 Luke 18:1 9-14 Of the Pharisee and the publican 15-17 Of children brought to Christ 18-27 A ruler would follow Christ, but is hindered by his riches 28-30 The reward of them that leave all for his sake 31-34 He foreshews his death 35-43 and restores a blind man to his sight -Lu18.2 Luke 18:2 -Lu18.3 Luke 18:3 -Lu18.4 Luke 18:4 -Lu18.5 Luke 18:5 -Lu18.6 Luke 18:6 -Lu18.7 Luke 18:7 -Lu18.8 Luke 18:8 -Lu18.9 Luke 18:9 -Lu18.10 Luke 18:10 -Lu18.11 Luke 18:11 -Lu18.12 Luke 18:12 -Lu18.13 Luke 18:13 -Lu18.14 Luke 18:14 -Lu18.15 Luke 18:15 -Lu18.16 Luke 18:16 -Lu18.17 Luke 18:17 -Lu18.18 Luke 18:18 -Lu18.19 Luke 18:19 -Lu18.20 Luke 18:20 -Lu18.21 Luke 18:21 -Lu18.22 Luke 18:22 -Lu18.23 Luke 18:23 -Lu18.24 Luke 18:24 -Lu18.25 Luke 18:25 whether [] ever was so translated before, for the word for a cable, as the scholiast on Aristophanes expressly affirms, is written [] not with an [], but with an []. Some few MSS., it is true, have got the word [] into the text, but it is evidently an an attempted improvement. -Lu18.26 Luke 18:26 -Lu18.27 Luke 18:27 -Lu18.28 Luke 18:28 -Lu18.29 Luke 18:29 -Lu18.30 Luke 18:30 -Lu18.31 Luke 18:31 -Lu18.32 Luke 18:32 -Lu18.33 Luke 18:33 -Lu18.34 Luke 18:34 -Lu18.35 Luke 18:35 -Lu18.36 Luke 18:36 -Lu18.37 Luke 18:37 -Lu18.38 Luke 18:38 -Lu18.39 Luke 18:39 -Lu18.40 Luke 18:40 -Lu18.41 Luke 18:41 -Lu18.42 Luke 18:42 -Lu18.43 Luke 18:43 -Lu19.1 Luke 19:19 11-27 The ten pieces of money 28-40 Christ rides into Jerusalem with triumph 41-44 weeps over it 45,46 drives the buyers and sellers out of the temple 47,48 teaching daily in it. The rulers seek to destroy him, but fear the people. -Lu19.2 Luke 19:2 bably Zaccheus, who appears from his name to have been a Jew, farmed the revenue of the district around Jericho, having others under him, who either rented of him smaller portions, or were employed as servents to collect the taxes. -Lu19.3 Luke 19:3 -Lu19.4 Luke 19:4 -Lu19.5 Luke 19:5 -Lu19.6 Luke 19:6 -Lu19.7 Luke 19:7 -Lu19.8 Luke 19:8 -Lu19.9 Luke 19:9 Rather, as Elsner renders [], concerning him; for our Lord speaks of him in the third person -Lu19.10 Luke 19:10 -Lu19.11 Luke 19:11 -Lu19.12 Luke 19:12 -Lu19.13 Luke 19:13 according to 5s the ounce, is 3l.2s.6d.' -Lu19.14 Luke 19:14 -Lu19.15 Luke 19:15 -Lu19.16 Luke 19:16 -Lu19.17 Luke 19:7 -Lu19.18 Luke 19:18 -Lu19.19 Luke 19:19 -Lu19.20 Luke 19:20 -Lu19.21 Luke 19:21 -Lu19.22 Luke 19:22 -Lu19.23 Luke 19:23 -Lu19.24 Luke 19:24 -Lu19.25 Luke 19:25 -Lu19.26 Luke 19:26 -Lu19.27 Luke 19:27 -Lu19.28 Luke 19:28 -Lu19.29 Luke 19:29 -Lu19.30 Luke 19:30 -Lu19.31 Luke 19:31 -Lu19.32 Luke 19:32 -Lu19.33 Luke 19:33 -Lu19.34 Luke 19:34 -Lu19.35 Luke 19:35 -Lu19.36 Luke 19:36 -Lu19.37 Luke 19:37 -Lu19.38 Luke 19:38 -Lu19.39 Luke 19:39 -Lu19.40 Luke 19:40 -Lu19.41 Luke 19:41 -Lu19.42 Luke 19:42 -Lu19.43 Luke 19:43 Jerusalem was beseiged by Titus; who surrounded it with a wall of circumvallation in three days, though not less than 39 furlongs in circumference; and when this was effected, the Jews were so enclosed on every side, that no person could escape from the city, and no provision could be brought in. -Lu19.44 Luke 19:44 -Lu19.45 Luke 19:45 -Lu19.46 Luke 19:46 -Lu19.47 Luke 19:47 -Lu19.48 Luke 19:48 `they hung upon him hearing;' which is beautifully expressive of their earnest attention, and high gratification. -Lu20.1 Luke 20:1 9-18 the parable of the vineyard 19-26 of giving tribute to Caesar 27-40 He convinces the Sadducees, that denied the resurrection 41-44 How Christ is the Son of David 45-47 He warns his disciples to beare of the scribes -Lu20.2 Luke 20:2 -Lu20.3 Luke 20:3 -Lu20.4 Luke 20:4 -Lu20.5 Luke 20:5 -Lu20.6 Luke 20:6 -Lu20.7 Luke 20:7 -Lu20.8 Luke 20:8 -Lu20.9 Luke 20:9 -Lu20.10 Luke 20:10 -Lu20.11 Luke 20:11 -Lu20.12 Luke 20:12 -Lu20.13 Luke 20:13 -Lu20.14 Luke 20:14 -Lu20.15 -Lu20.16 -Lu20.17 -Lu20.18 stoning. `The place of stoning was twice as high as a man. From the top of this one of the witnesses struck the culprit on the loins, and felled him to the ground: if he died of this, well; if not, the other witness threw a stone upon his heart,'etc. Our Lord seems to refer not only to the dreadful crushing of the Jews by the Romans, but also to their general dispersion to the present day. -Lu20.19 -Lu20.20 -Lu20.21 -Lu20.22 -Lu20.23 -Lu20.24 his titles.Julius Caesar was the first who caused his image to be struck on the Roman coin; and Tiberius was emperor at this time. This therefore was a denarius of Caesar, as it is termed in the Talmud; and consequently this was respecting the tribute required by the Roman goverment. Ceasar's . -Lu20.25 -Lu20.26 -Lu20.27 -Lu20.28 -Lu20.29 -Lu20.30 -Lu20.31 -Lu20.32 -Lu20.33 -Lu20.34 -Lu20.35 -Lu20.36 -Lu20.37 that the best informed among the Jews believed in the immateriality and immortality of the soul, and that the soul of righteous men were in the presence of God in a state of happiness. They who lose their lives for the sake of God, live unto God, as do Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and the rest of the patriarchs. Not less remarkable is a passage in Shemoth Rabba, Why doth Moses say, Remember Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob? R. Abin saith, The Lord said unto Moses, I look for ten men from thee, as I looked for that number in Sodom. Find me out ten righteous persons among the people, and I will not destroy thy people. Then saith Moses, Behold, here am I, and Aaron, Eleazer, and Ithamar, Phinehas, and Caleb, and Joshua; but, saith God, there are but seven: where are the other three? When Moses knew not what to do, he saith, O Eternal God, do those live who are dead? Yes, saith God. Then saith Moses, If those that are dead do live, remember Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. -Lu20.38 -Lu20.39 -Lu20.40 -Lu20.41 -Lu20.42 -Lu20.43 -Lu20.44 -Lu20.45 -Lu20.46 -Lu20.47 -Lu21.1 01 Christ commends the poor widow 05 He foretells the destruction of the temple, and of the city Jerusalem 25 the signs also which shall be before the last day 34 He exhorts them to be watchful. -Lu21.2 -Lu21.3 -Lu21.4 -Lu21.5 -Lu21.6 -Lu21.7 -Lu21.8 -Lu21.9 -Lu21.10 and mutual slaughter of the Jews, the open wars of different tetrarchies, and the civil wars in Italy between Ohio and Vitellius -Lu21.11 -Lu21.12 -Lu21.13 -Lu21.14 -Lu21.15 -Lu21.16 -Lu21.17 -Lu21.18 -Lu21.19 -Lu21.20 -Lu21.21 and unexpectedly raised the siege, Josephus states, that many of the noble Jews departed out of the city, as out of a sinking ship; and when Vespasian afterwards drew towards it, a great multitude fled to the mountains. And we learn from Eusebius, and Epiphanius, that at this juncture, all who believed in Christ left Jerusalem, and removed to Pella, and other places beyond Jordan; and so escaped the general shipwreck of their country, that we do not read of one who perished in Jerusalem. -Lu21.22 -Lu21.23 -Lu21.24 -Lu21.25 -Lu21.26 -Lu21.27 -Lu21.28 -Lu21.29 -Lu21.30 -Lu21.31 -Lu21.32 -Lu21.33 -Lu21.34 -Lu21.35 Judea, on which these heavy judgements were to fall.' -Lu21.36 -Lu21.37 -Lu21.38 -Lu22.1 01 The Jews conspire against Christ. 03 Satan prepares Judas to betray him. 07 The apostles prepare the passover 19 Christ institutes his holy supper 21 covertly foretells of the traitor 24 dehorts the rest of his apostles from ambition 31 assures Peter his faith should not fail 34 and yet he should deny him thrice 39 He prays in the mount, and sweats blood 47 is betrayed with a kiss 50 he heals Malchus' ear 54 he is trice denied of Peter 63 shamefully abused 66 and confesses himself to be the Son of God -Lu22.2 -Lu22.3 -Lu22.4 -Lu22.5 -Lu22.6 -Lu22.7 -Lu22.8 -Lu22.9 -Lu22.10 -Lu22.11 -Lu22.12 -Lu22.13 -Lu22.14 -Lu22.15 -Lu22.16 -Lu22.17 -Lu22.18 -Lu22.19 -Lu22.20 -Lu22.21 -Lu22.22 -Lu22.23 -Lu22.24 -Lu22.25 -Lu22.26 -Lu22.27 -Lu22.28 -Lu22.29 -Lu22.30 -Lu22.31 -Lu22.32 -Lu22.33 -Lu22.34 -Lu22.35 -Lu22.36 -Lu22.37 -Lu22.38 -Lu22.39 -Lu22.40 -Lu22.41 -Lu22.42 -Lu22.43 -Lu22.44 -Lu22.45 -Lu22.46 -Lu22.47 -Lu22.48 -Lu22.49 -Lu22.50 -Lu22.51 -Lu22.52 -Lu22.53 -Lu22.54 examination. One was before the Jewish Sanhedrim, whose proper province it was to try such as were accused as false prophets or blasphemers. This was a kind of ecclesiastical court. The other, with which the next chapter opens, was before Pilate, the Roman governor of Judea at that time; he principally took cognizance of criminal things, such especially as concerned the peace of the country, considered as part of the Roman empire. -Lu22.55 -Lu22.56 -Lu22.57 -Lu22.58 according to Matthew and Mark; yet here it is said another (man) and he also answers to a man. But, as Wetstein shews, maybe, and in innumerable instances applied to a female; and Matthew says, she said to them that were there, and Mark, she began to say to them that stood by. So that the maid gave the information to those around her, and some man charged Peter with it. Probably several joined in the accusation, though he answered to an individual, for St. John says, They said unto him. -Lu22.59 -Lu22.60 -Lu22.61 -Lu22.62 -Lu22.63 -Lu22.64 -Lu22.65 -Lu22.66 -Lu22.67 -Lu22.68 -Lu22.69 -Lu22.70 -Lu22.71 -Lu23.1 01 Jesus is accused before Pilate, and sent to Herod 08 Herod mocks him 12 Herod and Pilate are made friends 13 Barabbas is desired of the people, and is loosed by Pilate, and Jesus is given to be crucified 26 He tells the women, that lament him, the destruction of Jerusalem 34 prays for his enemies 39 two evildoers are crucified with him 46 His death 50 His burial. -Lu23.2 -Lu23.3 used by the Jews. When the inhabitants of Zippor, inquired whether Rabbi Judah were dead, the son of Kaphra answered, Ye say. -Lu23.4 -Lu23.5 -Lu23.6 -Lu23.7 -Lu23.8 -Lu23.9 -Lu23.10 -Lu23.11 -Lu23.12 -Lu23.13 -Lu23.14 -Lu23.15 `he hath done nothing.' -Lu23.16 -Lu23.17 -Lu23.18 -Lu23.19 -Lu23.20 -Lu23.21 -Lu23.22 -Lu23.23 -Lu23.24 -Lu23.25 -Lu23.26 -Lu23.27 -Lu23.28 -Lu23.29 Jerusalem, and the final desolation of the Jewish state; an evil associated with so many miseries, that sterility, which had otherwise been considered an opprobrium, was accounted a circumstance most felicitous. No history can furnish us with a parallel to the calamities and miseries of the Jews; rapine and murder, famine and pestilence, within; fire and sword, and all the terrors of war, without. Our Saviour himself wept at the foresight of these calamities; and it is almost impossible for persons of any humanity to read the relation of them in Josephus without weeping also. He might justly affirm, if the misfortunes of all from the beginning of the world, were compared with those of the Jews, they would appear much inferior in the comparison. -Lu23.30 -Lu23.31 -Lu23.32 -Lu23.33 -Lu23.34 -Lu23.35 -Lu23.36 -Lu23.37 -Lu23.38 -Lu23.39 -Lu23.40 -Lu23.41 -Lu23.42 -Lu23.43 -Lu23.44 -Lu23.45 -Lu23.46 -Lu23.47 -Lu23.48 -Lu23.49 -Lu23.50 -Lu23.51 -Lu23.52 -Lu23.53 -Lu23.54 -Lu23.55 -Lu23.56 -Lu24.1 01 Christ's resurrection is declared by two angels to the women that come to the sepulchre 09 These report it to others 13 Christ himself appears to the two disciples that went to Emmaus 36 afterwards he appears to the apostles, and reproves their unbelief 47 gives them a charge 49 promises the Holy Ghost 50 and so ascends into heaven -Lu24.2 -Lu24.3 -Lu24.4 -Lu24.5 -Lu24.6 -Lu24.7 -Lu24.8 -Lu24.9 -Lu24.10 -Lu24.11 -Lu24.12 -Lu24.13 Luke and Josephus, sixty furlongs from Jerusalem, that is, about seven miles and a half. It has generally been confounded with Emmaus, a city of Judah, afterwards called Nicopolis; but Reland has satisfactorily shewn that they were distinct places; the latter, according to the old Itinerary of Palestine, being situated 10 miles from Lydda, and 22 miles from Jerusalem. D'Arvieux states, that going from Jerusalem to Rama, he took the right from the high road to Rama, at some little distance from Jerusalem, and travelled a good league over rocks and flint stones, to the end of the valley of terebinthine trees, until he reached Emmaus; which seems, by the ruins which surround it, to have been formerly larger that it was in our Saviour's time. The Christians, while masters of the Holy Land, re-established it a little, and built several churches. Emmaus was not worth the trouble of having come out of the way to see it. -Lu24.14 -Lu24.15 -Lu24.16 -Lu24.17 -Lu24.18 -Lu24.19 -Lu24.20 -Lu24.21 -Lu24.22 -Lu24.23 -Lu24.24 -Lu24.25 because they had not attended to the description of the Messiah by the prophets, nor to His teaching and miracles, as proofs that He alone was the person described. -Lu24.26 -Lu24.27 -Lu24.28 onwards; and so he doubtless would, had he not been withheld by their friendly importunities. There is not the smallest ground for founding a charge of dissimulation against our Saviour, or affording any encouragement to dissimulation in others. -Lu24.29 -Lu24.30 -Lu24.31 -Lu24.32 -Lu24.33 -Lu24.34 of the two disciples from Emmaus, while it is here asserted they were saying, when they entered the room, `The Lord is risen'.This difficulty is removed by rendering interrogatively, `Has the Lord risen,'? hath. -Lu24.35 -Lu24.36 -Lu24.37 -Lu24.38 -Lu24.39 -Lu24.40 -Lu24.41 -Lu24.42 -Lu24.43 -Lu24.44 -Lu24.45 -Lu24.46 -Lu24.47 -Lu24.48 -Lu24.49 -Lu24.50 -Lu24.51 -Lu24.52 -Lu24.53 -Joh1.1 John 1:1 John, who, according to the unanimous testimony of the ancient fathers and ecclesiastical writers, was the author of this Gospel, was the son of Zebedee, a fisherman of Betsaida, by Samone his wife, (compare Mat. X.2,with Mat XXVII 55,56 and Mar XV.40) and brother of James the elder, whom 'Herod killed with the sword,' (Ac XII.2.) THEOPHYLACT says that Salome was the daughter of Joseph, the husband of Mary, by a fromer wife; and that consequently she was our Lord's sister, and John was his nephew. He followed the occupation of his father till his call to the apostleship, (Mat IV,21,22, Mar I,19,20, Lu V.1-10,) which is supposed to have beenwhen he was about twenty five years of age; after which he was a constant eye-witness of our Lord's labours, journeyings, discourses, miracles, passion, crucifixion, resuuection, and ascension. After the ascension of our Lord he returned with the other apostles to Jerusalem, and with the rest partool of the outpouring of the Holy Spirit on the day of Pentecost, by which he was eminently qualified for the office for the office of an Evangelist and Apostle. After the death of Mary, the mother of Christ, which is supposed to have taken place about fifteen years after the crucifixion, and probably after the council held in Jerusalem about A.D. 49 or 50, (Ac XV.,) at which he was present, he is said by ecclesiastical writers to have proceeded to Asia Minor, where he formed and presided over seven churches in as many cities, but chiefly at Ephesus. Thence he was banished by the emperor Domitianm, in the fifteenth year of his reign, A.D. 95, to the isle of Patmos in the Aegean sea, where he wrote the Apocolypse (Re I.9) On the accesion of Nerva the following year, he was recalled from exile and returned to Ephesus, where he wrote his Gospel and Epistles, and died in the hundreth year oh his age, about A.D. 100, and in the third year of the emperor Trajan. It is generally believed that St. John was the youngest of the twelve apostles, and that he survived all the rest. JEROME, in his comment on Gal. VI., says that he continued preaching when so enfeebled with age as to be obliged to be carried into the assembly; and that, not being able to deliver any long discourse, his custom was to say in every meeting, 'My dear children, love one another.' The general current of ancient writers declares that the apostle wrote his Gospel at an advanced period of life, with which the internal evidence perfectly agrees; and we may safely refer it, with CHRYSOSTOM, EPIPHANIUS, MILL, LE CLERC, and others, to the year 97. The design of St. John in writing his Gospel is said by some to have been to supply those important events which the other Evangelists had omitted, and to refute the notions of the Cerinthians and Nicolaitans, or according to others, to refute the heresy of the Gnostics and Sabians. But, though many parts of his Gospel may be successfully quoted against the strange doctrines held by those sects, yet the apostle had evidently a more general end in view than the confutation of their heresies. His own words sufficiently inform us of his motive and design in writng this Gospel: 'These things are written that ye might believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God; and that believing, ye might have life through his name.' (ch. XX.31.) Learned men are not wholly agreed concerning the language in which this Gospel was originally written. SALMASIUS, GROTIUS, and other writers, have imagined that St. John wrote it in his own native tongue, the Aramean or Syriac, and that it was afterwards translated into Greek. This opinion is not supported by any strong arguments, and is contrdicted by the unanimous voice of antiquity, which affirms that he wrote it in Greek, which is the genral and most probable opinion. The style of this Gospel indicates a great want of those advantages which result from a learned education; but this defect is amply compensated by the unexampled simplicity with which he expresses the sublimest truths. One thing very remarkable is an attempt to impress truths more strongly on the minds of his readers, by employing the expression of them both an affirmative proposition and a negative. It is manifestly not without design that he commonly passes over those passages of our Lord's history and teaching which had been treated at large by other Evangelists, or if he touches them at all, he touches them but slightly, whilst he records many miracles which had been overlooked by the rest, and expatiates on the sublime doctrines of the pre-existence, the divinity, and the incarnation of the Word, the great ends of His mission, and the blessings of His purchase. Christ 15-38 The testimony of John 15-38 39-51 The calling of Andrew, Peter, etc. -Joh1.2 John 1:2 -Joh1.3 John 1:3 -Joh1.4 John 1:4 -Joh1.5 John 1:5 -Joh1.6 John 1:6 -Joh1.7 John 1:7 -Joh1.8 John 1:8 -Joh1.9 John 1:9 -Joh1.10 John 1:10 -Joh1.11 John 1:11 -Joh1.12 John 1:12 -Joh1.13 John 1:13 -Joh1.14 John 1:14 -Joh1.15 John 1:15 -Joh1.16 John 1:16 -Joh1.17 John 1:17 -Joh1.18 John 1:18 -Joh1.19 John 1:19 -Joh1.20 John 1:20 -Joh1.21 John 1:21 -Joh1.22 John 1:22 -Joh1.23 John 1:23 -Joh1.24 John 1:24 -Joh1.25 John 1:25 -Joh1.26 John 1:26 -Joh1.27 John 1:27 -Joh1.28 John 1:28 -Joh1.29 John 1:29 -Joh1.30 John 1:30 -Joh1.31 John 1:31 -Joh1.32 John 1:32 -Joh1.33 John 1:33 -Joh1.34 John 1:34 -Joh1.35 John 1:35 -Joh1.36 John 1:36 -Joh1.37 John 1:37 -Joh1.38 John 1:38 -Joh1.39 John 1:39 -Joh1.40 John 1:40 -Joh1.41 John 1:41 -Joh1.42 John 1:42 -Joh1.43 John 1:43 -Joh1.44 John 1:44 -Joh1.45 John 1:45 -Joh1.46 John 1:46 -Joh1.47 John 1:47 -Joh1.48 John 1:48 -Joh1.49 John 1:49 -Joh1.50 John 1:50 -Joh1.51 John 1:51 -Joh2.1 John 2:1 13 departs into Capernaum 14-17 where he purges the temple of buyers and sellers 18-22 He foretells his death and resurrection 23-25 Many believe because of his miracles, but he will not trust himself with them -Joh2.2 John 2:2 -Joh2.3 John 2:3 -Joh2.4 John 2:4 -Joh2.5 John 2:5 -Joh2.6 John 2:6 -Joh2.7 John 2:7 -Joh2.8 John 2:8 -Joh2.9 John 2:9 -Joh2.10 John 2:10 -Joh2.11 John 2.11 -Joh2.12 John 2:12 -Joh2.13 John 2:13 -Joh2.14 John 2:14 -Joh2.15 John 2:15 -Joh2.16 John 2:16 -Joh2.17 John 2:17 -Joh2.18 John 2:18 -Joh2.19 John 2:19 -Joh2.20 John 2:20 -Joh2.21 John 2:21 -Joh2.22 John 2:22 -Joh2.23 John 2:23 -Joh2.24 John 2:24 -Joh2.25 John 2:25 -Joh3.1 John 3:1 14,15 of faith in his death 16,17 the great love of God towards the world 18-21 and the condemnation for unbelief 22 Jesus baptizes in Judea 23-36 The baptism, witness, and doctrine of John concerning Christ -Joh3.2 John 3:2 -Joh3.3 John 3:3 -Joh3.4 John 3:4 -Joh3.5 John 3:5 -Joh3.6 John 3:6 -Joh3.7 John 3:7 -Joh3.8 John 3:8 -Joh3.9 John 3:9 -Joh3.10 John 3:10 -Joh3.11 John 3:11 -Joh3.12 John 3:12 -Joh3.13 John 3:14 -Joh3.14 John 3:14 -Joh3.15 John 3:15 -Joh3.16 John 3:16 -Joh3.17 John 3:17 -Joh3.18 John 3:18 -Joh3.19 John 3:19 -Joh3.20 John 3:20 -Joh3.21 John 3:21 -Joh3.22 John 3:22 -Joh3.23 John 3:23 -Joh3.24 John 3:24 -Joh3.25 John 3:25 -Joh3.26 John 3:26 -Joh3.27 John 3:27 -Joh3.28 John 3:28 -Joh3.29 John 3:29 -Joh3.30 John 3:30 -Joh3.31 John 3:31 -Joh3.32 John 3:32 -Joh3.33 John 3:33 -Joh3.34 John 3:34 -Joh3.35 John 3:35 -Joh3.36 John 3:36 -Joh4.1 John 4:1 unto her, 27-30 his disciples marvel 31-38 He declares unto them his zeal for God's glory 39-42 Many Samaritans believe on him 43-54 He departs into Galilee, and heals the ruler's son that lay sick at Capernaum -Joh4.2 John 4:2 -Joh4.3 John 4:3 -Joh4.4 John 4:4 -Joh4.5 John 4:5 -Joh4.6 John 4:6 have built a church, in the form of a cross, of which 'nothing but a few foundations' remained in the time of MAUNDRELL. He states that is is situated about one third of an hour, or, about a mile, east of Naplosa, the ancient Sychar; and Mr. Buckingham says it is called Beer Samareea, or the well of Samaria, and 'stands at the commencement of the round vale which is thought to be the parcel of ground bought by Jacob, and which, like the narrow valley east of Nabious, is rich and fertile. The mouth of the well itself had an arched or vaulted building over it; and the only passage down to it at this moment is by a small hole in the roof'. 'It is' says MAUNDRELL, 'dug in the firm rock, and contains about three yards in diameter, and thirty-five in depth; five of which we found full of water.' -Joh4.7 John 4:7 -Joh4.8 John 4:8 -Joh4.9 John 4:9 -Joh4.10 John 10:4 -Joh4.11 John 4:11 -Joh4.12 John 4:12 -Joh4.13 John 4:13 -Joh4.14 John 4:14 -Joh4.15 John 4:15 -Joh4.16 John 4:16 -Joh4.17 John 4:17 -Joh4.18 John 4:18 -Joh4.19 John 4:19 -Joh4.20 John 4:20 -Joh4.21 John 4:21 -Joh4.22 John 4:22 -Joh4.23 John 4:23 -Joh4.24 John 4:24 -Joh4.25 John 4:25 -Joh4.26 John 4:26 -Joh4.27 John 4:27 -Joh4.28 John 4:28 -Joh4.29 John 4:29 -Joh4.30 John 4:30 -Joh4.31 John 4:31 -Joh4.32 John 4:32 -Joh4.33 John 4:33 -Joh4.34 John 4:34 -Joh4.35 John 4:35 -Joh4.36 John 4:36 -Joh4.37 John 4:27 -Joh4.38 John 4:38 -Joh4.39 John 4:39 -Joh4.40 John 4:40 -Joh4.41 John 4:41 -Joh4.42 John 4:42 -Joh4.43 John 4:43 -Joh4.44 John 4:44 -Joh4.45 John 4:45 -Joh4.46 John 4:46 visited Cana a few years ago, 'that, walking among the ruins of a church, we saw large massypots, answering the description given of the ancient vessels of the country; not preserved, but lying about,disregarded by the present inhabitants, as antiquities with whose original use they were unacquainted. From their appearance, and the number of them, it was quite evident that a practice of keeping water in large pots, each holding from eighteen to twenty-seven gallons, was once common in the country.' (Compare the account of the water pots. jno 2.6) -Joh4.47 John 4:47 -Joh4.48 John 4:48 -Joh4.49 John 4:49 -Joh4.50 John 4:50 -Joh4.51 John 4:51 -Joh4.52 John 4:52 -Joh4.53 John 4:53 -Joh4.54 John 4:54 -Joh5.1 John 5:1 and thirty years, 10-16 The Jews therefore cavil, and persecute him for it, 17-30 He answers for himself, and reproves them, shewing by the testimony of his Father, 31-35 of John, 36-38 of his works, 39-47 and of the scriptures, who he is -Joh5.2 John 5:2 situated on the east of Jerusalem, contiguous on one side to St. Stephen's gate, and on the other to the area of the temple. Maundrell states that, 'it is 120 paces long, and forty broad, and at least eight deep, but void of water. At its west end it covers some old arches, now damned up. These some will have to be porches, in which sat that multitude of lame, halt, and blind. But it is not likely, for instead of five, there are but three.' -Joh5.3 John 5:3 -Joh5.4 John 5:4 by some to have been communicated by the blood of the sacrifices, and others have referred it to the mineral properties of the waters. But, 1. The beasts for sacrifice were not washed here, but in a laver in the temple. 2. No natural property could cure all manner of diseases, 3. The cure only extended to the first that entered. 4. It took place only at one particular time. 5. As the healing was effected by immersion, it must have been instantaneous; and it was never failing in it effects. All which, not being observed in medicinal waters, determine the cures to have been miraculous, as expressly stated in the text. -Joh5.5 John 5:5 -Joh5.6 John 5:6 -Joh5.7 John 5:7 -Joh5.8 John 5:8 -Joh5.9 John 5:9 -Joh5.10 John 5:10 -Joh5.11 John 5:11 -Joh5.12 John 5:12 -Joh5.13 John 5:3 -Joh5.14 John 5:14 -Joh5.15 John 5:15 -Joh5.16 John 5:16 -Joh5.17 John 5:17 -Joh5.18 John 5:18 -Joh5.19 John 5:19 ro 6.4 1co 15.12 1pe 3.18 and ver 21,25,26 with ep 1.18,19 2.5 and ver 28,29 ch 11.25,26 with ro 8.11 2co 4.14 phi 3.21 1th 4. 14 ps 27.14 138.3 is 45.24 with 2co 12.9 ep 3.16 phi 4.13 col 1.11 ex 4.11 pr 2.6 with lu 21.15 je 17.10 with re 2.23 -Joh5.20 Jno 5:20 -Joh5.21 John 5:21 -Joh5.22 John 5:22 -Joh5.23 John 5:23 -Joh5.24 John 5:24 -Joh5.25 John 5:25 -Joh5.26 John 5:26 -Joh5.27 John 5:27 interpret of the Messiah -Joh5.28 John 5:28 -Joh5.29 John 5:29 -Joh5.30 John 5:30 -Joh5.31 John 5:31 -Joh5.32 John 5:32 -Joh5.33 John 5:33 -Joh5.34 John 5:34 -Joh5.35 John 5:35 -Joh5.36 John 5:36 -Joh5.37 John 5:37 -Joh5.38 John 5:38 -Joh5.39 John 5:39 -Joh5.40 John 5:40 -Joh5.41 John 5:41 -Joh5.42 John 5:42 -Joh5.43 John 5:43 -Joh5.44 John 5:44 -Joh5.45 John 5:45 -Joh5.46 John 5:46 -Joh5.47 John 5:47 -Joh6.1 John 6:1 fishes, 15 Thereupon the people would have made him king, 16-25 but withdrawing himself, he walks on the sea to his disciples 26-31 reproves the people flocking after him, and all the fleshly hearers of his word, 32-65 declares himself to be the bread of life to believers 66,67 Many disciples depart from him 68,69 Peter confesses him 70,71 Judas is a devil -Joh6.2 John 6:2 -Joh6.3 John 6:3 -Joh6.4 John 6:4 -Joh6.5 John 6:5 -Joh6.6 John 6:6 -Joh6.7 John 6:7 6l 5s: or, reckoning the denarius, with some at 7.75d, it would amount to 6l 9s 2d of our money [British] which appears to been more than our Lord and all his disciples were worth of this world's goods. -Joh6.8 John 6:8 -Joh6.9 John 6:9 -Joh6.10 John 6:10 and, from the plenty of grass, it would be a place much more suitable to purpose. This circumstance, says Dr. Paley, is plainly the remark of an eye witness. -Joh6.11 John 6:11 -Joh6.12 John 6:12 -Joh6.13 John 6:13 -Joh6.14 John 6:14 -Joh6.15 John 6:15 -Joh6.16 John 6:16 -Joh6.17 John 6:17 -Joh6.18 John 6:18 -Joh6.19 John 6:19 -Joh6.20 John 6:20 -Joh6.21 John 6:21 -Joh6.22 John 6:22 -Joh6.23 John 6:23 the lake to which it gave name, so called because built by Herod Agrippa in honour of the emperor Tiberius; distant 30 furlongs from Hippos, 60 from Gadara, 120 from Scythopolis, and 30 from Tarichea. It is still called Tabaria, of Tabbareah, by the natives, is situated close to the edge of the lake, has tolerably high but ill-built walls on three of its sides, flanked wiht circular towers, and is of nearly a quadrangular from, according to Pococke, containing a population estimated at from 2000 to 4000 souls. -Joh6.24 John 6:24 -Joh6.25 John 6:25 -Joh6.26 John 6:26 -Joh6.27 John 6:27 -Joh6.28 John 6:28 -Joh6.29 John 6:29 -Joh6.30 Jno 6:30 -Joh6.31 John 6:31 -Joh6.32 John 6:32 -Joh6.33 John 6:33 -Joh6.34 John 6:34 -Joh6.35 John 6:35 -Joh6.36 John 6:36 -Joh6.37 John 6:37 -Joh6.38 John 6:38 -Joh6.39 John 6:39 -Joh6.40 John 6:40 -Joh6.41 John 6:41 -Joh6.42 John 6:42 -Joh6.43 John 6:43 -Joh6.44 John 6:44 -Joh6.45 John 6:45 -Joh6.46 John 6:46 -Joh6.47 John 6:47 -Joh6.48 John 6:48 -Joh6.49 John 6:49 -Joh6.50 John 6:50 -Joh6.51 John 6:51 This was one of the things which the Jews expected from the Messiah, as we learn from Midrash Koheleth. 'Rabbi Berechiah, in the name of Rabbi Issac said, As was the frist Redeemer, so also shall be the latter. The first Redeemer made manna descend from heaven, as it is said in Ex 16.4, 'And I will rain bread from heaven for you' So also the latter Redeemer shall make manna sescend, as it is said, Ps 72.16, 'There shall be a handful of corn in the earth.' etc." -Joh6.52 John 6:52 -Joh6.53 John 6:53 -Joh6.54 John 6:54 -Joh6.55 John 6:55 -Joh6.56 John 6:56 -Joh6.57 John 6:57 -Joh6.58 John 6:58 -Joh6.59 John 6:59 -Joh6.60 John 6:60 -Joh6.61 John 6:61 -Joh6.62 John 6:62 -Joh6.63 John 6:63 -Joh6.64 John 6:64 -Joh6.65 John 6:65 -Joh6.66 John 6:66 -Joh6.67 John 6:67 -Joh6.68 John 6:68 -Joh6.69 John 6:69 -Joh6.70 John 6:70 -Joh6.71 John 6:71 -Joh7.1 John 7:1 10-13 goes up from Galilee to the feast of tabernacles, 14-39 teaches in the temple, 40-44 Divers opinions of him among the people 45-53 The Pharisees are angry that their officers took him not, and chide with Nicodemus for taking his part Dan, being bounded on the north by the village Annach or Dorceus on the bordrs of Samaria; on the south by a village called Jarda in Arabia; and extending in breadth from the river Jordan to Joppa and the Mediterranean, having Jerusalem in its centre -Joh7.2 John 7:2 -Joh7.3 John 7:3 -Joh7.4 John 7:4 -Joh7.5 John 7:5 -Joh7.6 John 7:6 -Joh7.7 John 7:7 -Joh7.8 John 7:8 -Joh7.9 John 7:9 -Joh7.10 John 7:10 -Joh7.11 John 11.7 -Joh7.12 John 7:12 -Joh7.13 John 7:13 -Joh7.14 John 7:14 -Joh7.15 John 7:15 -Joh7.16 John 7:16 -Joh7.17 John 7:17 -Joh7.18 John 7:18 -Joh7.19 John 7.19 -Joh7.20 John 7:20 -Joh7.21 John 7:21 -Joh7.22 John 7:22 -Joh7.23 John 7:23 the law of Moses circumcised member only. This reasoning was in perfect accordance with the principles of the Jews. So Tanchuma, 'Circum- cision, which is performed on one of the 248 members of man, vacates the sabbath; how much more the whole body of a man!' -Joh7.24 John 7:24 -Joh7.25 John 7:25 -Joh7.26 John 7:26 -Joh7.27 John 7:27 -Joh7.28 John 7:28 -Joh7.29 John 7:29 -Joh7.30 John 7:30 -Joh7.31 John 7:31 -Joh7.32 John 7:32 -Joh7.33 John 7:33 -Joh7.34 John 7:34 -Joh7.35 John 7:35 -Joh7.36 John 7:36 -Joh7.37 John 7:37 -Joh7.38 John 7:38 -Joh7.39 John 7:39 -Joh7.40 John 7.40 -Joh7.41 John 4:41 -Joh7.42 John 7:42 -Joh7.43 John 7:43 -Joh7.44 John 7:44 -Joh7.45 John 7:45 -Joh7.46 John 7:46 -Joh7.47 John 7:47 -Joh7.48 John 7:48 -Joh7.49 John 7.49 -Joh7.50 John 7:49 -Joh7.51 John 7:51 -Joh7.52 John 7:52 -Joh7.53 John 7:53 -Joh8.1 John 8:1 12-30 He declares himself the light of the world, and justifies his doctrine, 31,32 promises freedom to those who believe 33-47 answers the Jews that boasted of Abraham 48-58 answers their reviling, by shewing his authority and dignity 59 and conveys himslef from their cruelty -Joh8.2 John 8:2 -Joh8.3 John 8:3 -Joh8.4 John 8:4 -Joh8.5 John 8:5 -Joh8.6 John 8:6 -Joh8.7 John 8:7 -Joh8.8 John 8:8 -Joh8.9 John 8:9 -Joh8.10 John 8:10 -Joh8.11 John 8:11 -Joh8.12 John 8:12 -Joh8.13 John 8:13 -Joh8.14 John 8:14 -Joh8.15 John 8:15 -Joh8.16 John 8.16 -Joh8.17 John 8:17 -Joh8.18 John 8.18 -Joh8.19 John 8:19 -Joh8.20 John 8:20 -Joh8.21 John 8:21 -Joh8.22 John 8:22 -Joh8.23 John 8:23 -Joh8.24 John 8.24 -Joh8.25 John 8:25 -Joh8.26 John 8:26 -Joh8.27 John 8:27 -Joh8.28 John 8:28 -Joh8.29 John 8:29 -Joh8.30 John 8:30 -Joh8.31 John 8:31 -Joh8.32 John 8:32 -Joh8.33 John 8:33 -Joh8.34 John 8:34 -Joh8.35 John 8:35 -Joh8.36 John 8:36 -Joh8.37 John 8:37 -Joh8.38 John 8:38 -Joh8.39 John 8:39 -Joh8.40 John 8:40 -Joh8.41 John 8:41 -Joh8.42 John 8:42 -Joh8.43 John 8:43 -Joh8.44 John 8:44 -Joh8.45 John 8:45 -Joh8.46 John 8:46 -Joh8.47 John 8:47 -Joh8.48 John 8:48 -Joh8.49 John 8:49 -Joh8.50 John 8:50 -Joh8.51 John 8:51 -Joh8.52 John 8:52 -Joh8.53 John 8:53 -Joh8.54 John 8:54 -Joh8.55 John 8:55 -Joh8.56 John 8:56 -Joh8.57 John 8:57 -Joh8.58 John 8:58 That our Lord by this expression asserted his divinity and eternal existence, as the great I AM, appears evident from the use of the present tense, instead of the preter, from it being in answer to the Jews, who enquired wheter he had [seen Abraham], and from it being thus understood by the multitude, who were exasperated at it to such a degree that they took up stones to stone him. The ancient Jews not only believed that the Messiah was superior to and Lord of all the Patriarchs, and even of angels, but that his celestial nature existed with God from whom it emanated, before the creation, and that the creation was effected by his ministry. -Joh8.59 John 8:59 -Joh9.1 John 9:1 8-12 He is brought to the Pharisees 13-34 They are offended at it, and excommunicate him 35-38 but he is received of Jesus, and confesses him 39-41 Who they are whom Christ enlightens -Joh9.2 John 9:2 -Joh9.3 John 9:3 -Joh9.4 John 9:4 -Joh9.5 John 9:5 Our Lord here claims one of the titles given by the Jews to the Divine Being. So in [Bammidbar Rabba, 15,fol 229.1, 'The Israelites said to God, O Lord of the universe, thou commandest us to light lamps to thee, yet thou art [the light of the world]' It was also a title of the Messiah (see Isa 49.6; 60.1;) and in a remarkable passage of [Yalkut Rubeni], fol.6, it is said on Ge. 1.4,' From this we learn that the holy and blessed God saw the [light of the Messiah], and his works, before the world was created; and reserved it for the Messiah, and his generation, under the throne of his glory. Satan said to the holy and blessed God, For whom dost thou reserve that light which is under the throne of thy glory? God answered, For him who shall subdue thee, and overwhelm thee with confusion. Satan rejoined, Lord of the universe, shew that person to me. God said, Come, and see him. When he saw him, he was greatly agitated, and fell upon his face, saying, Truly this is the Messiah, who shall cast me and idolators into hell.' -Joh9.6 John 9:6 upon the eyes of the blind man. -Joh9.7 John 9:7 -Joh9.8 John 9:8 -Joh9.9 John 9:9 -Joh9.10 John 9:10 -Joh9.11 John 9:11 -Joh9.12 John 9:12 -Joh9.13 John 9:13 -Joh9.14 John 9:14 -Joh9.15 John 9:15 -Joh9.16 John 9:16 -Joh9.17 John 9:17 -Joh9.18 John 9:18 -Joh9.19 John 9:19 -Joh9.20 John 9:20 -Joh9.21 John 9:21 -Joh9.22 John 9:22 -Joh9.23 John 9:23 -Joh9.24 John 9:24 -Joh9.25 John 9:25 -Joh9.26 John 9:26 -Joh9.27 John 9:27 -Joh9.28 John 9:28 -Joh9.29 John 9.29 -Joh9.30 John 9:30 -Joh9.31 John 9:31 -Joh9.32 John 9:32 It is worthy of remark, that, from the foundation of the world, no person [born blind] had been restored to sight, even by surgical operation, till about the year 1728; when the celebrated Dr. Cheselden, by couching the eyes of a young man fourteen years of age, restored them to perfect vision. This was the effect of well-directed surgery; that performed by Christ was wholly a miracle, effected by the power of God. The simple means employed could have had no effect in this case and were merely employed as symbols. -Joh9.33 John 9:33 -Joh9.34 John 9:34 -Joh9.35 John 9:35 -Joh9.36 John 9:36 -Joh9.37 John 9:37 -Joh9.38 John 9:38 -Joh9.39 John 9:39 -Joh9.40 John 9:40 -Joh9.41 John 9:41 -Joh10.1 John 10:1 19-22 Divers opninons of him 23-30 He proves by his works that he is Christ the Son of God 31-38 escapes the Jews 39-42 and goes beyond Jordan, where many believe on him -Joh10.2 John 10:2 -Joh10.3 John 10:3 -Joh10.4 John 10:4 -Joh10.5 John 10:5 -Joh10.6 John 10:6 -Joh10.7 John 10:7 -Joh10.8 John 10:8 -Joh10.9 John 10:9 -Joh10.10 John 10:10 -Joh10.11 John 10:11 -Joh10.12 John 10:12 -Joh10.13 John 10:13 -Joh10.14 John 10:14 -Joh10.15 John 10:15 -Joh10.16 John 10:16 -Joh10.17 John 10:17 -Joh10.18 John 10:18 -Joh10.19 John 10:19 -Joh10.20 John 10:20 -Joh10.21 John 10:21 -Joh10.22 John 10:22 -Joh10.23 John 10:23 -Joh10.24 John 10:24 -Joh10.25 John 10:25 -Joh10.26 John 10:26 -Joh10.27 John 10:27 -Joh10.28 John 10:28 -Joh10.29 John 10:29 -Joh10.30 John 10:30 -Joh10.31 John 10:31 -Joh10.32 John 10:32 -Joh10.33 John 10:33 -Joh10.34 John 10:34 -Joh10.35 Jno 10:35 -Joh10.36 John 10:36 -Joh10.37 John 10:37 -Joh10.38 John 10:38 -Joh10.39 John 10:39 -Joh10.40 John 10:40 -Joh10.41 John 10:41 -Joh10.42 John 10:42 -Joh11.1 John 11:1 45,46 Many Jews believe 47,48 The high priests and Pharisees gather a council against Christ 49-53 Caiphas prophesies 54 Jesus hides himself 55-57 At the pasover they enquire after him, and lay wait for him. beyond measure great, the most stupendous of all he had hitherto performed, and beyond all others calculated to evince his Divine majesty, was therefore purposely recorded by the Evangelist John; while it was omitted by the other Evangelists, probably, as Grotius supposes, because they wrote their histories during the life of Lazrus, and they did not mention him for fear of exciting the malice of the Jews against him; as we find from ch. 12.10, that they sought to put him to death, that our Lord might not have such a monument of his power and goodness remaining in the land. -Joh11.2 John 11:2 -Joh11.3 John 11:3 -Joh11.4 John 11:4 -Joh11.5 John 11:5 -Joh11.6 John 11:6 -Joh11.7 John 11:7 -Joh11.8 John 11:8 -Joh11.9 John 11:9 -Joh11.10 Jno 11:10 -Joh11.11 John 11:11 -Joh11.12 John 11:12 -Joh11.13 John 11:13 -Joh11.14 John 11.14 -Joh11.15 John 11:15 -Joh11.16 John 11:16 -Joh11.17 John 11:17 -Joh11.18 Jno 11:18 -Joh11.19 John 11:19 -Joh11.20 John 11:20 -Joh11.21 -Joh11.22 -Joh11.23 -Joh11.24 -Joh11.25 -Joh11.26 -Joh11.27 -Joh11.28 -Joh11.29 -Joh11.30 -Joh11.31 -Joh11.32 -Joh11.33 -Joh11.34 -Joh11.35 -Joh11.36 -Joh11.37 -Joh11.38 -Joh11.39 -Joh11.40 -Joh11.41 -Joh11.42 -Joh11.43 -Joh11.44 linen, a few inches in breadth, brought round or sheets of linen in which the corpse was involved, and by which the spices were kept in contact with the flesh. In reply to sceptical objections, it is sufficient to observe, that he who could raise Lazarus from the dead, could, with a much less exertion of power, have so loosened or removed the bandages of his feet and legs as to have rendered it practicable for him to come forth. Tittman well observes, that Lazarus was restored not only to life but also to health, as appears from the alacrity of his motion; and this would constitute a new miracle. -Joh11.45 -Joh11.46 -Joh11.47 -Joh11.48 -Joh11.49 -Joh11.50 -Joh11.51 -Joh11.52 -Joh11.53 -Joh11.54 Bethel, and apparently between that city and Jericho. Accordingly we find that a desert, or wilderness, extended from Jericho to Bethel called the wilderness of Bethaven in which Josuha and the Israelites slew the inhabitants of Ai. -Joh11.55 -Joh11.56 -Joh11.57 -Joh12.1 01 Jesus excuses Mary anointing his feet 09 The people flock to see Lazarus 10 The chief priests consult to kill him 12 Christ rides into Jerusalem 20 Greeks desire to see Jesus 23 He foretells his death 37 The Jews are generally blinded 42 yet many chief rulers believe, but do not confess him, 44 therefore Jesus calls earnestly for confession of faith -Joh12.2 -Joh12.3 India, whence was made a very valuable unguent or perfume, used at the ancient baths and feasts. It is identified by Sir W. Jones with the sumbul of the Persians and Arabs, and jatamansi of the Hindoos; and he considers it a species of the valerian, of the triandria monogynia class of plants. The root is from three to twelve inches long, fibrous, sending up above the earth between thirty and forty ears or spikes, from which it has its name; stem, lower part perennial, upper part herbaceous, sub-erect, simple, from six to twelve inches long; leaves entire, smooth, fourfold, the inner radical pair petioled and cordate, the rest sessile and lanceolate; pericarp, a single seed crowned with a pappus. -Joh12.4 -Joh12.5 -Joh12.6 -Joh12.7 -Joh12.8 -Joh12.9 -Joh12.10 -Joh12.11 -Joh12.12 -Joh12.13 -Joh12.14 -Joh12.15 -Joh12.16 -Joh12.17 -Joh12.18 -Joh12.19 -Joh12.20 -Joh12.21 -Joh12.22 -Joh12.23 -Joh12.24 -Joh12.25 -Joh12.26 -Joh12.27 -Joh12.28 -Joh12.29 -Joh12.30 -Joh12.31 -Joh12.32 -Joh12.33 -Joh12.34 -Joh12.35 -Joh12.36 -Joh12.37 -Joh12.38 -Joh12.39 -Joh12.40 -Joh12.41 -Joh12.42 -Joh12.43 -Joh12.44 -Joh12.45 -Joh12.46 -Joh12.47 -Joh12.48 -Joh12.49 -Joh12.50 -Joh13.1 01 Jesus washes the disciples' feet, and exhorts them to humility and charity. 18 He foretells and discovers to John by a token, that Judas should betray him. 31 commands them to love one another. 36 and forewarns Peter of his denials -Joh13.2 -Joh13.3 -Joh13.4 by which it was girdled close to his tunic, or inner coat; and instead of his girdle, he tied a towel about him, that he might have it in readiness to dry their feet,and that he might appear as a servant. Indeed the whole action was a servile one; and never performed by a superior to an inferior. -Joh13.5 -Joh13.6 -Joh13.7 -Joh13.8 -Joh13.9 -Joh13.10 -Joh13.11 -Joh13.12 -Joh13.13 -Joh13.14 -Joh13.15 -Joh13.16 -Joh13.17 -Joh13.18 -Joh13.19 -Joh13.20 -Joh13.21 -Joh13.22 -Joh13.23 -Joh13.24 -Joh13.25 -Joh13.26 -Joh13.27 -Joh13.28 -Joh13.29 -Joh13.30 -Joh13.31 -Joh13.32 -Joh13.33 -Joh13.34 -Joh13.35 -Joh13.36 -Joh13.37 -Joh13.38 -Joh14.1 01 Christ comforts his disciples with the hope of heaven 05 professes himself the way, the truth, and the life, and one with the Father 13 assures their prayers to be effectual 15 requires obedience 16 promises the Comforter 27 and leaves his peace with them -Joh14.2 -Joh14.3 -Joh14.4 -Joh14.5 -Joh14.6 -Joh14.7 -Joh14.8 -Joh14.9 -Joh14.10 -Joh14.11 -Joh14.12 -Joh14.13 -Joh14.14 -Joh14.15 -Joh14.16 -Joh14.17 -Joh14.18 -Joh14.19 -Joh14.20 -Joh14.21 -Joh14.22 -Joh14.23 -Joh14.24 -Joh14.25 -Joh14.26 -Joh14.27 -Joh14.28 -Joh14.29 -Joh14.30 -Joh14.31 -Joh15.1 01 The union of Christ and his members shewn under the parable of the vine 18 the hatred of the world 26 the office of the Holy Ghost -Joh15.2 -Joh15.3 -Joh15.4 -Joh15.5 -Joh15.6 -Joh15.7 -Joh15.8 -Joh15.9 -Joh15.10 -Joh15.11 -Joh15.12 -Joh15.13 -Joh15.14 -Joh15.15 -Joh15.16 -Joh15.17 -Joh15.18 -Joh15.19 -Joh15.20 -Joh15.21 -Joh15.22 -Joh15.23 -Joh15.24 -Joh15.25 -Joh15.26 -Joh15.27 -Joh16.1 01 Christ comforts his disciples by the promise of the Holy Ghost, and his ascension 23 assures their prayers made in his name to be acceptable 33 Peace in Christ, and in the world affliction -Joh16.2 -Joh16.3 -Joh16.4 -Joh16.5 -Joh16.6 -Joh16.7 -Joh16.8 -Joh16.9 -Joh16.10 -Joh16.11 -Joh16.12 -Joh16.13 -Joh16.14 -Joh16.15 -Joh16.16 -Joh16.17 -Joh16.18 -Joh16.19 -Joh16.20 -Joh16.21 -Joh16.22 -Joh16.23 -Joh16.24 -Joh16.25 -Joh16.26 -Joh16.27 -Joh16.28 -Joh16.29 -Joh16.30 -Joh16.31 -Joh16.32 -Joh16.33 -Joh17.1 01 Christ prays to his Father -Joh17.2 -Joh17.3 -Joh17.4 -Joh17.5 -Joh17.6 -Joh17.7 -Joh17.8 -Joh17.9 -Joh17.10 -Joh17.11 -Joh17.12 -Joh17.13 -Joh17.14 -Joh17.15 -Joh17.16 -Joh17.17 -Joh17.18 -Joh17.19 -Joh17.20 -Joh17.21 -Joh17.22 -Joh17.23 -Joh17.24 -Joh17.25 -Joh17.26 -Joh18.1 01 Judas betrays Jesus 06 The officers fall to the ground 10 Peter smites off Malchus' ear 12 Jesus is taken, and led unto Annas and Caiaphas 15 Peter's denial 19 Jesus examined before Caiaphas 25 Peter's second and third denial 28 Jesus arraigned before Pilate 36 His kingdom 40 The Jews prefer Barabbas -Joh18.2 -Joh18.3 -Joh18.4 -Joh18.5 -Joh18.6 it was thus shewn that Jesus voluntarily resigned himself into their hands. -Joh18.7 -Joh18.8 -Joh18.9 -Joh18.10 -Joh18.11 -Joh18.12 -Joh18.13 -Joh18.14 -Joh18.15 -Joh18.16 -Joh18.17 -Joh18.18 -Joh18.19 -Joh18.20 -Joh18.21 -Joh18.22 -Joh18.23 -Joh18.24 after filling that office for fifteen years; but, being a person of distinguished character, and having had no fewer than five sons who had successively enjoyed the dignity of the high-priesthood, and the present high priest Caiaphas being his son-in-law, he must have possessed much authority in the nation. It was at the palace of Caiaphas where the chief priests, elders, and scribes were assembled the whole of the night to see the issue of their stratagem. -Joh18.25 -Joh18.26 -Joh18.27 -Joh18.28 -Joh18.29 -Joh18.30 -Joh18.31 -Joh18.32 -Joh18.33 -Joh18.34 -Joh18.35 -Joh18.36 -Joh18.37 -Joh18.38 -Joh18.39 -Joh18.40 -Joh19.1 01 Christ is scourged, crowned with thorns, and beaten 04 Pilate is desirous to release him, but being overcome with the outrage of the Jews; he delivers him to be crucified 23 They cast lots for his garments 25 He commends his mother to John 28 He dies 31 His side is pierced 38 He is buried by Joseph and Nicodemus -Joh19.2 -Joh19.3 -Joh19.4 -Joh19.5 -Joh19.6 crucifixion was not a Jewish but a Roman mode of punishment. The cross was made of two beams, either crossing at the top, at right angles, like a T, or in the middle of their length like an X; with a piece on the centre of the transverse beam for the accusation, and another piece projecting from the middle, on which the person sat. The cross on which our Lord suffered was of the former kind, being thus represented on all old monuments, coins, and crosses. The body was usually fastened to the upright beam by nailing the feet to it, and on the transverse piece by nailing the hands; and the person was frequently permitted to hang in this situation till he perished through agony and lack of food. This horrible punishment was usually inflicted only on slaves for the worst of crimes. -Joh19.7 -Joh19.8 -Joh19.9 -Joh19.10 -Joh19.11 -Joh19.12 -Joh19.13 -Joh19.14 third, as in the parallel place -Joh19.15 -Joh19.16 -Joh19.17 translations, is supposed to have been a hill, or a rising on a greater hill, on the north-west of Jerusalem. -Joh19.18 -Joh19.19 title given by the Evangelists, which has been urged as objection against their inspiration and veracity, has been most satisfactorily accounted for by Dr. Townson; who supposes that, as it was written in Hebrew, Greek, and Latin, it might have slightly varied in each language; and that, as St. Luke and St. John wrote for the Gentiles, they would prefer the Greek inscription, that St. Matthew, addressing the Jews, would use the Hebrew, and that St. Mark, writing to the Romans, would naturally give the Latin. Jesus. -Joh19.20 -Joh19.21 -Joh19.22 -Joh19.23 by Josephus. woven, or wrought. -Joh19.24 -Joh19.25 -Joh19.26 -Joh19.27 -Joh19.28 -Joh19.29 it appears that a species of hyssop, with a reedy stalk, about two feet long, grew about Jerusalem. -Joh19.30 -Joh19.31 of criminals upon the cross; which was done, we are told, at the instep with an iron mallet; and appears to have been a kind of coup de grace, the sooner to put them out of pain. -Joh19.32 -Joh19.33 -Joh19.34 -Joh19.35 -Joh19.36 -Joh19.37 -Joh19.38 -Joh19.39 -Joh19.40 -Joh19.41 -Joh19.42 -Joh20.1 01 Mary come to the sepulchre 03 so do Peter and John, ignorant of the resurrection 11 Jesus appears to Mary Magdalene 19 and to his disciples 24 The incredulity and confession of Thomas 30 The Scripture is sufficient to salvation the sepulchre twice on that morning of the resurrection. The first time of her going was some short time before her companions, the other Mary and Salome; and observing that the stone had been removed, she returned to inform Peter and John. In the meantime, the other Mary and Salome came to the sepulchre, and saw the angel, as recorded by Matthew and Mark. While these women returned to the city, Peter and John went to the sepulchre, passing them at some distance, or going another way, followed by Mary Magdalene, who stayed after their return. This was her second journey; when she saw two angels, and then Jesus himself, as here related; and immediately after Jesus appeared to the other women, as they returned to the city. In the meantime Joanna and her company arrived at the sepulchre, when two angels appeared to them, and addressed them as the one angel had done the other women. They immediately returned to the city, and by some means found the apostles before the others arrived, and informed them of what they had seen; upon which Peter went a second time to the sepulchre, but saw only the linen clothes lying. -Joh20.2 -Joh20.3 -Joh20.4 -Joh20.5 -Joh20.6 -Joh20.7 -Joh20.8 -Joh20.9 -Joh20.10 -Joh20.11 -Joh20.12 -Joh20.13 -Joh20.14 -Joh20.15 -Joh20.16 -Joh20.17 more time with me now in joyful gratulations; for I am not yet immediately going to ascend to my Father; you will have several opportunities of seeing me again; but go and tell my disciples that I shall depart to my Father and your Father -Joh20.18 -Joh20.19 -Joh20.20 -Joh20.21 -Joh20.22 -Joh20.23 -Joh20.24 -Joh20.25 -Joh20.26 -Joh20.27 -Joh20.28 furnishing us with a full and satisfactory demonstration of the resurrection of our Lord. Throughout the devine dispensation every doctrine and every important truth is gradually revealed; and here we have a conspicuous instance of the progressive system. An angel first declares the glorious event; the empty sepulchre confirms the women's report. Christ's appearance to Mary Magdalene shewed that he was alive; that the disciples at Emmaus proved that it was at the least the spirit of Christ; that to the eleven shewed the reality of his body; and the convection given to St. Thomas proved it the self-same body that had been crusified. Incredulity itself is satisfied; and the convinced apostle exclaims, in joy of his heart, `My Lord and my God!' -Joh20.29 -Joh20.30 -Joh20.31 -Joh21.1 01 Christ appearing again to his disciples is known of then by the great draught of fishes 12 He dines with them 15 earnestly commands Peter to feed his lambs and sheep 18 foretells him of his death 22 rebukes his curiosity touching John 24 The conclusion -Joh21.2 -Joh21.3 -Joh21.4 -Joh21.5 -Joh21.6 -Joh21.7 and I clothe. naked. That is he was only in his vest, or under garment; naked, like the hebrew arom, is frequently applied to one who has merely laid aside his outer garment. the LXX job 22.6 blanket, in which they wrapped themselves, and besides they had no other. In this sense Virgil says, Nudus ara, sere nudus, `plough naked, and sow naked,' strip of your upper garments. -Joh21.8 -Joh21.9 -Joh21.10 -Joh21.11 -Joh21.12 taken before the coena, or supper. durst -Joh21.13 -Joh21.14 the savior rose he appeared five times; the second day was that day se'nnight; and this was the third day-or this was the third appearence to any considerable number of his disciples together. Though he had appeared to Mary, to the women, to the two disciples, to Cephas-yet he had but twice appeared to a company of them together. -Joh21.15 -Joh21.16 -Joh21.17 -Joh21.18 -Joh21.19 -Joh21.20 -Joh21.21 -Joh21.22 -Joh21.23 -Joh21.24 -Joh21.25 represent the number of miracles which Jesus wrought. But however strong or strange it may appear to us of the western world, we find sacred and other authors using hyperboles of the like kind and signification. writer, in which Jochanan is said to have `composed such a great number of concepts and lessons, that if the heavens were paper, and all the trees of the forest so many pens, and all the children of men so many scribes,they would not suffice to write all the lessons.' -Ac1.1 ACTS 1:1 CONCLUDING REMARKS ON THE ACTS OF THE APOSTLES The Acts of the Apostles is a most valuable portion of Divine revelation; and, independently of its universal reception in the Christian church, as an authentic and inspired production, it bears the most satisfactory internal evidence of its authenticity and truth. St. Luke's long attendance upon St. Paul, and his having been an eye-witness of many of the facts which he has recorded, independently of his Divine inspiration, render him a most suitable and credible historian; and his medical knowledge, for he is allowed to have been a physician, enabled him both to form a proper judgment of the miraculous cures which were performed by St. Paul, and to give an authentic and circumstantial detail of them. The plainness and simplicity of the narrative are also strong circumstances in its favour. The history of the Acts is one of the most important parts of the Sacred History, for without it neither the Gospels nor epistles could have been so clearly understood; but by the aid of it the the whole scheme of the Christian revelation is set before us in a clear and easy view. 1-9 Christ, preparing his apostles to the beholding of his ascension, gathers them together unto the mount Olivet, commands them to expect in Jerusalem the sending down of the Holy Ghost, promises after a few days to send it, and ascends into heaven in their sight, 10-11 After his ascension thay are warned by two angels to depart, and to set their minds upon the second coming 12-26 They accordingly return, and, giving themselves to prayer, choose Matthias apostle in the place of Judas -Ac1.2 Acts 1:2 -Ac1.3 Acts 1:3 -Ac1.4 Acts 1:4 -Ac1.5 Acts 1:5 -Ac1.6 Acts 1:6 -Ac1.7 Acts 1:7 -Ac1.8 Acts 1:8 -Ac1.9 Acts 1:9 -Ac1.10 Acts 1:10 -Ac1.11 Acts 1:11 -Ac1.12 Acts 1:12 -Ac1.13 Acts 1:13 -Ac1.14 Acts 1:14 -Ac1.15 Acts 1:15 -Ac1.16 Acts 1:15 -Ac1.17 Acts 1:17 -Ac1.18 Acts 1:18 -Ac1.19 Acts 1:19 -Ac1.20 Acts 1:20 -Ac1.21 Acts 1:21 -Ac1.22 Acts 1:22 -Ac1.23 Acts 1:23 -Ac1.24 Acts 1:24 -Ac1.25 Acts 1:25 -Ac1.26 Acts 1.26 -Ac2.1 Acts 2:1 1-13 The apostles, filled with the Holy Ghost, and speaking divers languages, are admired by some, and derided by others 14-36 whom Peter disproves 37-40 he baptizes a great number that were converted 41-47 who afterwards devoutly and charitably converse together; the apostles working many miracles, and God daily increasing his church -Ac2.2 Acts 2:1 -Ac2.3 Acts 2:3 -Ac2.4 Acts 2:4 -Ac2.5 Acts 2.5 -Ac2.6 Acts 2:6 -Ac2.7 Acts 2:7 -Ac2.8 Acts 2.8 -Ac2.9 Acts 2:9 -Ac2.10 Acts 2:10 -Ac2.11 Acts 2:11 -Ac2.12 Acts 2:12 -Ac2.13 Acts 2:13 -Ac2.14 Acts 2:14 -Ac2.15 Acts 2:15 -Ac2.16 Acts 2:16 -Ac2.17 Acts 2:17 -Ac2.18 Acts 2:18 -Ac2.19 Acts 2.19 -Ac2.20 Acts 2:20 -Ac2.21 Acts 2:21 -Ac2.22 Acts 2:22 -Ac2.23 Acts 2.23 -Ac2.24 Acts 2.24 -Ac2.25 Acts 2:25 -Ac2.26 Acts 2:26 -Ac2.27 Acts 2:27 -Ac2.28 Acts 2:28 -Ac2.29 Acts 2:29 -Ac2.30 Acts 2:30 -Ac2.31 Acts 2:31 -Ac2.32 Acts 2:32 -Ac2.33 Acts 2:33 -Ac2.34 Acts 2:34 -Ac2.35 Acts 2:35 -Ac2.36 Acts 2:36 -Ac2.37 Acts 2:37 -Ac2.38 Acts 2:38 -Ac2.39 Acts 2:39 -Ac2.40 Acts 2:40 -Ac2.41 Acts 2:41 -Ac2.42 Acts 2:42 -Ac2.43 Acts 2:43 -Ac2.44 Acts 2:44 -Ac2.45 Acts 2:45 -Ac2.46 Acts 2:46 -Ac2.47 Acts 2:47 -Ac3.1 Acts 3:1 1-11 Peter preaching to the people that came to see a lame man restored to his feet 12 professes the cure not to have been wrought by his or John's own power or holiness, but by God, and his son Jesus, and through faith in his name 13-16 withal reprehending them for crucifying Jesus 17,18 which because they did it through ignorance, and that thereby were fulfilled God's determinate counsel, and the Scriptures 19-26 he exhorts them by repentence and faith to seek remission of their sins, and salvation in the same Jesus. -Ac3.2 Acts 3.2 -Ac3.3 Acts 3:3 -Ac3.4 Acts 3:4 -Ac3.5 Acts 3:5 -Ac3.6 Acts 3:6 -Ac3.7 Acts 3:7 -Ac3.8 Acts 3:8 -Ac3.9 Acts 3:9 -Ac3.10 Acts 3:10 -Ac3.11 Acts 3.11 -Ac3.12 Acts 3.12 -Ac3.13 Acts 3:13 -Ac3.14 Acts 3:14 -Ac3.15 Acts 3:15 -Ac3.16 Acts 3:16 -Ac3.17 Acts 3:17 -Ac3.18 Acts 3:18 -Ac3.19 Acts 3.19 -Ac3.20 Acts 3.20 -Ac3.21 Acts 3:21 -Ac3.22 Acts 3:22 -Ac3.23 Acts 3:23 -Ac3.24 Acts 3.24 -Ac3.25 Acts 3:25 -Ac3.26 Acts 3:26 -Ac4.1 Acts 4:1 1,2 The rulers of the Jews, offended with Peter's sermon 3,4 imprison him and John 5-12 After, upon examination Peter boldly avouching the lame man to be healed by the name of Jesus, and that by the same Jesus only we must be eternally saved. 13-22 they command him and John to preach no more in that name, adding also threatening, 23-30 whereupon the church flees to prayer 31-37 And God, by moving the place where they were assembled, testifies that he heard their prayer; confirming the church with the gift of the Holy Ghost, and with mutual love and charity. -Ac4.2 Acts 4:2 -Ac4.3 Acts 4:3 -Ac4.4 Acts 4:4 -Ac4.5 Acts 4:5 -Ac4.6 Acts 4.6 -Ac4.7 Acts 4:7 -Ac4.8 Acts 4:8 -Ac4.9 Acts 4:9 -Ac4.10 Acts 4:10 -Ac4.11 Acts 4:11 -Ac4.12 Acts 4:12 -Ac4.13 Acts 4:13 -Ac4.14 Acts 4:14 -Ac4.15 Acts 4.15 -Ac4.16 Acts 4.16 -Ac4.17 Acts 4:17 -Ac4.18 Acts 4.18 -Ac4.19 Acts 4:19 -Ac4.20 Acts 4:20 -Ac4.21 Acts 4:21 03900-891105-1712 -Ac4.22 Acts 4.22 -Ac4.23 Acts 4:23 -Ac4.24 Acts 4:23 -Ac4.25 Acts 4:25 -Ac4.26 Acts 4:26 -Ac4.27 Acts 4:27 -Ac4.28 Acts 4:28 -Ac4.29 Acts 4:29 -Ac4.30 Acts 4:30 -Ac4.31 Acts 4:31 -Ac4.32 Acts 4:32 -Ac4.33 Acts 4:33 -Ac4.34 Acts 4:34 -Ac4.35 Acts 4:35 -Ac4.36 Acts 4:36 -Ac4.37 Acts 4:37 -Ac5.1 Acts 5:1 1-11 After that Ananias and Sapphira his wife for their hypocrisy, at Peter's rebuke had fallen down dead 12,13 and that the rest of the apostles had wrought many miracles 14-16 to the increase of the faith 17,18 the apostles are again imprisoned 19,20 but delivered by an angel bidding them preach openly to all 21-28 when, after their teaching accordingly in the temple 29-32 and before the council 33-40 they are in danger to be killed; but through the advice of Gamaliel, a great counsellor among the Jews, they are kept alive, and are only beaten 41,42 for which they glorify God, and cease no day from preaching. -Ac5.2 Acts 5:2 -Ac5.3 Acts 5:3 -Ac5.4 Acts 5:4 -Ac5.5 Acts 5:5 -Ac5.6 Acts 5:6 -Ac5.7 Acts 5:7 -Ac5.8 Acts 5:8 -Ac5.9 Acts 5:9 -Ac5.10 Acts 5:10 -Ac5.11 Acts 5:11 -Ac5.12 Acts 5:12 -Ac5.13 Acts 5:13 -Ac5.14 Acts 5:14 -Ac5.15 Acts 5:15 -Ac5.16 Acts 5:16 -Ac5.17 Acts 5:17 -Ac5.18 Acts 5:18 -Ac5.19 Acts 5:19 -Ac5.20 Acts 5:20 -Ac5.21 Acts 5:21 -Ac5.22 Acts 5:22 -Ac5.23 Acts 5.23 -Ac5.24 Acts 5:24 -Ac5.25 Acts 5:25 -Ac5.26 Acts 5:26 -Ac5.27 Acts 5:27 -Ac5.28 Acts 5:28 -Ac5.29 Acts 5:29 -Ac5.30 Acts 5:30 -Ac5.31 Acts 5:31 -Ac5.32 Acts 5:32 -Ac5.33 Acts 5:33 -Ac5.34 Acts 5:34 03950-891105-2002 -Ac5.35 Acts 5:35 -Ac5.36 Acts 5:36 -Ac5.37 Acts 5:37 -Ac5.38 Acts 5:38 -Ac5.39 Acts 5:39 -Ac5.40 Acts 5:40 -Ac5.41 Acts 5:41 -Ac5.42 Acts 5:42 -Ac6.1 Acts 6:1 1,2 The apostles, desirous to have the poor regarded for their bodily sustenance, as also careful themselves to dispense the word of God, the food of the soul 3,4 recommend 5,6 and with the church's consent ordain seven chosen men to the office of deaconship 7 the word of God prevails 8,15 Stephen, full of faith and the Holy Ghost, confuting those with whom he disputed, is brought before the council, and falsely accused of blasphemy against the law and the temple -Ac6.2 Acts 6:2 -Ac6.3 Acts 6:3 -Ac6.4 Acts 6:4 -Ac6.5 Acts 6:5 -Ac6.6 Acts 6:6 -Ac6.7 Acts 6:7 -Ac6.8 Acts 6:8 -Ac6.9 Acts 6:9 -Ac6.10 Acts 6:10 -Ac6.11 Acts 6:11 -Ac6.12 Acts 6:12 -Ac6.13 Acts 6:13 -Ac6.14 Acts 6:14 -Ac6.15 Acts 6:15 -Ac7.1 Acts 7:1 1 Stephen, permitted to answer to the accusation of blasphemy 2-19 shews that Abraham worshipped God rightly, and how God chose the fathers 20-36 before Moses was born, and before the tabernacle and temple were built 37-43 that Moses himself witnessed of Christ 44-50 and that all outward ceremonies were ordained, according to the heavenly pattern, to last but for a time 51-53 reprehending their rebellion, and murdering of Christ, the Just One, whom the prophets foretold should come into the world 54-60 Whereupon they stone him to death, who commends his soul to Jesus, and humbly prays for them -Ac7.2 Acts 7:2 -Ac7.3 Acts 7:3 -Ac7.4 Acts 7:4 -Ac7.5 Acts 7:5 -Ac7.6 Acts 7:6 -Ac7.7 Acts 7:7 -Ac7.8 Acts 7:8 -Ac7.9 Acts 7:9 -Ac7.10 Acts 7:10 -Ac7.11 Acts 7:11 -Ac7.12 Acts 7:12 -Ac7.13 Acts 7:13 -Ac7.14 Acts 7:14 -Ac7.15 Acts 7:15 -Ac7.16 Acts 7:16 Of the two burying places of the patriarchs, one was at Hebron, the cave and field which Abraham purchased of Ephron the Hittite, (Ge 23.16); the other in Sychem, which Jacob (not Abraham) bought of the sons of Emmor, (Ge 33.19) To remove this glaring discrepancy, MARKLAND interprets ****, from, as it frequently signifies with a genitive, and renders, 'And were carried over to Sychem; and afterwards from among the descendants of Emmor, the father, or son, of Sychem, they were laid in the sepulchre which Abraham bought for a sum of money.' This agrees with the account that Josephus gives of the patriarchs; that they were carried out of Egypt, first to Sychem, and then to Hebron, where they were buried. -Ac7.17 Acts 7:17 -Ac7.18 Acts 7:18 -Ac7.19 Acts 7:19 -Ac7.20 Acts 7:20 -Ac7.21 Acts 7:21 -Ac7.22 Acts 7:22 -Ac7.23 Acts 7:23 -Ac7.24 Acts 7:24 -Ac7.25 Acts 7:25 -Ac7.26 Acts 7:26 -Ac7.27 Acts 7:27 -Ac7.28 Acts 7:28 -Ac7.29 Acts 7:29 -Ac7.30 Acts 7:30 -Ac7.31 Acts 7:31 -Ac7.32 Acts 7:32 -Ac7.33 Acts 7:33 -Ac7.34 Acts 7:34 -Ac7.35 Acts 7:35 -Ac7.36 Acts 7:36 -Ac7.37 Acts 7:37 -Ac7.38 Acts 7:38 -Ac7.39 Acts 7:39 -Ac7.40 Acts 7:40 -Ac7.41 Acts 7:41 -Ac7.42 Acts 7:42 -Ac7.43 Acts 7:43 In the passage of Amos, to which St. Stephen refers, it is BEYOND Damascus, but as Assyria and Media, to which they were carried were not only BEYOND DAMASCUS, but BEYOND BABYLON itself, he states that fact, and thus fixes more precisely the place of their captivity -Ac7.44 Acts 7:44 -Ac7.45 Acts 7:45 -Ac7.46 Acts 7:46 -Ac7.47 Acts 7:47 -Ac7.48 Acts 7:48 -Ac7.49 Acts 7:49 -Ac7.50 Acts 7:50 -Ac7.51 Acts 7:51 -Ac7.52 Acts 7:52 -Ac7.53 Acts 7:53 -Ac7.54 Acts 7:54 -Ac7.55 Acts 7:55 -Ac7.56 Acts 7:56 -Ac7.57 Acts 7:57 -Ac7.58 Acts 7:58 -Ac7.59 Acts 7:59 -Ac7.60 Acts 7:60 -Ac8.1 Acts 8:1 1-8 By occasion of the persecution in Jerusalem, the church being planted in Samaria, by Philip the deacon, who preached, did miracles, and baptized many 9-13 among the rest Simon the sorcerer, a great seducer of the people 14-17 Peter and John come to confirm and enlarge the church; where, by prayer and imposition of hands giving the Holy Ghost, 18-25 when Simon would have bought the like power of them, Peter sharply reproving his hypocrisy and covetousness, and ex- horting him to repentance, together with John preaching the word of the Lord, return to Jerusalem, 26-40 but the angel sends Philip to teach and baptize the Ethiopian Eunuch. previous chapter; there is scarcely a worse division of chapters than this. -Ac8.2 Acts 8:2 -Ac8.3 Acts 8:3 -Ac8.4 Acts 8:4 -Ac8.5 Acts 8:5 had been utterly destroyed by Hyrcanus, and the city built by Herod on its site was called Augusta, in honor of Augustus. Samaria comprised the tract of country formerly occupied by the tribes of Ephriam and Manasseh, west of Jordan, lying between Judea and Galilee: beginning, says Josephus, at Ginea in the great plain, and ending at the toparchy of Acrabateni -Ac8.6 Acts 8:6 -Ac8.7 Acts 8:7 -Ac8.8 Acts 8:8 -Ac8.9 Acts 8:9 -Ac8.10 Acts 8:10 -Ac8.11 Acts 8:11 -Ac8.12 Acts 8:12 -Ac8.13 Acts 8:13 the same who is mentioned by Josephus, as persuading Drusilla to leave her husband and live with Felix. -Ac8.14 Acts 8:14 -Ac8.15 Acts 8:15 -Ac8.16 Acts 8:16 -Ac8.17 Acts 8:17 04050-891112-1438 -Ac8.18 Acts 8:18 -Ac8.19 Acts 8:19 -Ac8.20 Acts 8:20 -Ac8.21 Acts 8:21 -Ac8.22 Acts 8:22 -Ac8.23 Acts 8:23 -Ac8.24 Acts 8:24 -Ac8.25 Acts 8:25 -Ac8.26 Acts 8:26 Gaza, but to [], the way; though Gaza was situated at the entrance of the desert, and the ancient city was in ruins, being destroyed by Alexander -Ac8.27 Acts 8:27 -Ac8.28 Acts 8:28 -Ac8.29 Acts 8:29 -Ac8.30 Acts 8:30 -Ac8.31 Acts 8:31 -Ac8.32 Acts 8:32 -Ac8.33 Acts 8:33 -Ac8.34 Acts 8:34 -Ac8.35 Acts 8:35 -Ac8.36 Acts 8:36 -Ac8.37 Acts 8:37 -Ac8.38 Acts 8:38 -Ac8.39 Acts 8:39 -Ac8.40 Acts 8:40 -Ac9.1 Acts 9:1 and led blind to Damascus 10-17 is called to the apostleship 18,19 and is baptized by Ananias 20-22 He preaches Christ boldly 23-28 The Jews lay wait to kill him 29,30 so do the Gecians, but he escapes both 31-35 The church having rest, Peter heals Eneas of the palsy 36-43 and restores Tabitha to life -Ac9.2 Acts 9.2 -Ac9.3 Acts 9:3 -Ac9.4 Acts 9:4 -Ac9.5 Acts 9:5 -Ac9.6 Acts 9:6 -Ac9.7 Acts 9:7 -Ac9.8 Acts 9:8 -Ac9.9 Acts 9:9 -Ac9.10 Acts 9:10 -Ac9.11 Acts 9:11 -Ac9.12 Acts 9:12 -Ac9.13 Acts 9:13 -Ac9.14 Acts 9:14 -Ac9.15 Acts 9:15 -Ac9.16 Acts 9:16 -Ac9.17 Acts 9:17 -Ac9.18 Acts 9:18 -Ac9.19 Acts 9:19 -Ac9.20 Acts 9:20 -Ac9.21 Acts 9:21 -Ac9.22 Acts 9:22 -Ac9.23 Acts 9:23 -Ac9.24 Acts 9:24 -Ac9.25 Acts 9:25 Maundrell states that after visiting [the place of the vision], 'about half a mile distant from the city eastward,' they returned to the city, and 'were shewn the gate where St. Paul was let down in a basket. This gate is at present walled up, by reason of its vicinity to the east gate, which renders it of little use.' -Ac9.26 Acts 9:26 -Ac9.27 Acts 9:27 04100-891112-1752 -Ac9.28 Acts 9:28 -Ac9.29 Acts 9:29 -Ac9.30 Acts 9:30 -Ac9.31 Acts 9:31 -Ac9.32 Acts 9:32 -Ac9.33 Acts 9:33 -Ac9.34 Acts 9:34 -Ac9.35 Acts 9:35 -Ac9.36 Acts 9:36 -Ac9.37 Acts 9:37 -Ac9.38 Acts 9:38 -Ac9.39 Acts 9:39 -Ac9.40 Acts 9:40 -Ac9.41 Acts 9:41 -Ac9.42 Acts 9:42 -Ac9.43 Acts 9:43 -Ac10.1 Acts 10:1 for Peter, 11-16 who by a vision is taught not to despise the Gentiles, 17-24 and is commanded by the Spirit to go with the messenger to Cesarea, 25-33 Cornelius shews the occasion of his sending for him, 34-43 As he preaches Christ to Cornelius and his company, 44-48 the Holy Ghost falls on them, and they are baptized sometimes consisting of from 555 to 1105 infantry), is not unknown to the Roman writers, (See TACITUS;) and GRUTER gives an inscription in which it is mentioned, which was found in the Forum Sempronii, on a fine marble table. -Ac10.2 Acts 10:2 -Ac10.3 Acts 10:3 -Ac10.4 Acts 10:4 -Ac10.5 Acts 10:5 -Ac10.6 Acts 10:6 -Ac10.7 Acts 10:7 -Ac10.8 Acts 10.8 -Ac10.9 Acts 10:9 -Ac10.10 Acts 10:10 -Ac10.11 Acts 10:11 denotes every kind of vessel or utensil, any thing which may be considered as a receptacle; and is therefore applicable to a sheet [], or any thing woven from flax, tied up at the four corners, which our word VESSEL is not. -Ac10.12 Acts 10:12 -Ac10.13 Acts 10:13 direction seems to be this, say Dr. A. Clarke, 'The middle wall of the partition is now pulled down; the Jews and Gentiles are called to become one flock, under one shepherd and bishop of souls. Thou, Peter, shalt open the door of faith to the Gentiles, and be also the minister of the circumcision. Rise up; already a blessed sacrifice is prepared: go and offer it to God; and let thy soul feed on the fruits of his mercy,' etc. -Ac10.14 Acts 10:14 -Ac10.15 Acts 10:15 -Ac10.16 Acts 10:16 -Ac10.17 Acts 10:17 -Ac10.18 Acts 10:18 -Ac10.19 Acts 10:19 -Ac10.20 Acts 10:20 -Ac10.21 Acts 10:21 -Ac10.22 Acts 10:22 -Ac10.23 Acts 10:23 -Ac10.24 Acts 10:24 was built and superbly decorated by Herod the Great and called Caeserea, in honour of Augustas Caesar, to whom he dedicated it in the 28th year of his reign. It was situated on the shore of the Mediterranean, between Joppa and Dora, with a haven, rendered by Herod the most convenient on the coast: according to IBN IDRIS and ABULFEDA, 30 miles from Jaffa or Joppa, 32 from Ramlay, and 36 from Acco or Ptolemais; and, according to Josephus, 600 stadia, or 75 miles from Jerusalem, though the real distance is probably not more than 62 miles. Nothing now remains of the former splendor of Caeserea: the supposed sites of the ancient edifices are mere mounds of indefinable form; the waves was the ruins of the mole, the tower, and the port; the whole of the surrounding country is a sandy desert; and not a creature except beasts of prey, resides within many miles of this silent desolation. -Ac10.25 Acts 10.25 -Ac10.26 Acts 10.26 -Ac10.27 Acts 10:27 -Ac10.28 Acts 10:28 -Ac10.29 Acts 10:29 -Ac10.30 Acts 10:30 -Ac10.31 Acts 10:31 -Ac10.32 Acts 10:32 -Ac10.33 Acts 10:33 -Ac10.34 Acts 10:34 04150-891112-2241 -Ac10.35 Acts 10:35 -Ac10.36 Acts 10:36 -Ac10.37 Acts 10:37 -Ac10.38 Acts 10:38 -Ac10.39 Acts 10:39 -Ac10.40 Acts 10:40 -Ac10.41 Acts 10:41 -Ac10.42 Acts 10:42 -Ac10.43 Acts 10:43 -Ac10.44 Acts 10:44 -Ac10.45 Acts 10:45 -Ac10.46 Acts 10:46 -Ac10.47 Acts 10:47 -Ac10.48 Acts 10:48 -Ac11.1 Acts 11:1 5-17 makes his defence 18 which is accepted 19-25 The gospel being spread in Phenice, and Cyprus, and Antioch Barnabas is sent to confirm them 26 The disciples there are first called Christians 27-30 They send relief to the brethren in Juedea in time of famine -Ac11.2 Acts 11:2 -Ac11.3 Acts 11:3 -Ac11.4 Acts 11:4 -Ac11.5 Acts 11:5 -Ac11.6 Acts 11:6 -Ac11.7 Acts 11:7 -Ac11.8 Acts 11:8 -Ac11.9 Acts 11:9 -Ac11.10 Acts 11:10 -Ac11.11 Acts 11:11 -Ac11.12 Acts 11:12 -Ac11.13 Acts 11:13 -Ac11.14 Acts 11:14 -Ac11.15 Acts 11:15 -Ac11.16 Acts 11:16 -Ac11.17 Acts 11:17 -Ac11.18 Acts 11:18 -Ac11.19 Acts 11:19 -Ac11.20 Acts 11:20 -Ac11.21 Acts 11:21 -Ac11.22 Acts 11:22 -Ac11.23 Acts 11:23 -Ac11.24 Acts 11:24 -Ac11.25 Acts 11:25 -Ac11.26 Acts 11:26 -Ac11.27 Acts 11:27 -Ac11.28 Acts 11:28 year of Claudius, which continued for several years, and in which, says Josephus, 'many died for want of food.' after a reign of upwards of 13 years, he was poisoned by his wife Agrippina, and succeeded by Nero. -Ac11.29 Acts 11:29 -Ac11.30 Acts 11:30 -Ac12.1 Acts 12:1 prisons Peter; whom an angel delivers upon the prayers of the church, 20-23 Herod in his pride taking to himself the honor due to God, is stricken by an angle, and dies miserably. 24 After his death, the word of God prospers, 25 Saul and Barnabas return to Antioch -Ac12.2 Acts 12:2 -Ac12.3 Acts 12:3 -Ac12.4 Acts 12:4 -Ac12.5 Acts 12:5 was made -Ac12.6 Acts 12:6 04200-891113-2212 -Ac12.7 Acts 12:7 to those of the two soldiers between whom he slept. This, it appears, was the Roman method of securing a prisoner, and seems to be what is intimated in verse 6. -Ac12.8 Acts 12:8 -Ac12.9 Acts 12.9 the obsolete verb to wis, from the Saxon wissan, in German wissen, and Dutch wysen, to think, imagine, know -Ac12.10 Acts 12.10 -Ac12.11 Acts 12:11 left him, that he was fully convinced that all was real. -Ac12.12 Acts 12:12 -Ac12.13 Acts 12:13 -Ac12.14 Acts 12:14 -Ac12.15 Acts 12:15 -Ac12.16 Acts 12:16 -Ac12.17 Acts 12:17 -Ac12.18 Acts 12:18 -Ac12.19 Acts 12:19 -Ac12.20 Acts 12:20 -Ac12.21 Acts 12:21 -Ac12.22 Acts 12:22 -Ac12.23 Acts 12:23 -Ac12.24 Acts 12:24 -Ac12.25 Acts 12:25 -Ac13.1 Acts 13:1 6-12 Of Sergius Paulus, and Elymas the sorcerer 13-41 Paul preaches at Antioch that Jesus is Christ 42,43 but the Jews gainsay and blaspheme, whereupon they turn to 44-49 the Gentiles, of whom many believe 50-52 The Jews raise a persecution against Paul and Barnabas, who go to Iconium -Ac13.2 Acts 13:2 -Ac13.3 Acts 13:3 -Ac13.4 Acts 13:4 -Ac13.5 Acts 13:5 -Ac13.6 Acts 13:6 -Ac13.7 Acts 13:7 -Ac13.8 Acts 13:8 -Ac13.9 Acts 13:9 -Ac13.10 Acts 13:10 -Ac13.11 Acts 13:11 -Ac13.12 Acts 13:12 -Ac13.13 Acts 13:13 -Ac13.14 Acts 13:14 -Ac13.15 Acts 13:15 -Ac13.16 Acts 13:16 -Ac13.17 Acts 13:17 -Ac13.18 Acts 13:18 beareth or feedeth her child -Ac13.19 Acts 13:19 -Ac13.20 Acts 13:20 -Ac13.21 Acts 13.21 -Ac13.22 Acts 13:22 -Ac13.23 Acts 13:23 -Ac13.24 Acts 13:24 -Ac13.25 Acts 13.25 -Ac13.26 Acts 13:26 -Ac13.27 Acts 13.27 -Ac13.28 Acts 13:28 -Ac13.29 Acts 13:29 -Ac13.30 Acts 13:30 -Ac13.31 Acts 13:31 04250-891114-2221 -Ac13.32 Acts 13:32 -Ac13.33 Acts 13:33 -Ac13.34 Acts 13:34 in the place of Is 55.3, and in many others, use for that which is in the Heb. mercies.' -Ac13.35 Acts 13:35 -Ac13.36 Acts 13:36 -Ac13.37 Acts 13:37 -Ac13.38 Acts 13:38 -Ac13.39 Acts 13:39 -Ac13.40 Acts 13:40 -Ac13.41 Acts 13:41 -Ac13.42 Acts 13:42 -Ac13.43 Acts 13:43 -Ac13.44 Acts 13:44 -Ac13.45 Acts 13:45 -Ac13.46 Acts 13:46 -Ac13.47 Acts 13:47 -Ac13.48 Acts 13:48 -Ac13.49 Acts 13:49 -Ac13.50 Acts 13:50 -Ac13.51 Acts 13:51 -Ac13.52 Acts 13.52 -Ac14.1 Acts 14:1 8-18 At Lystra Paul heals a cripple, whereupon they are reputed as gods, 19,20 Paul is stoned 21-25 They pass through divers churches, confirming the disciples in faith and patience. 26-28 Returning to Antioch, they report what God had done with them -Ac14.2 Acts 14.2 -Ac14.3 Acts 14.3 -Ac14.4 Acts 14:4 -Ac14.5 Acts 14:5 -Ac14.6 Acts 14:6 -Ac14.7 Acts 14:7 -Ac14.8 Acts 14:8 -Ac14.9 Acts 14:9 -Ac14.10 Acts 14:10 -Ac14.11 Acts 14:11 -Ac14.12 Acts 14:12 -Ac14.13 Acts 14:13 -Ac14.14 Acts 14:14 -Ac14.15 Acts 14:15 -Ac14.16 Acts 14:16 -Ac14.17 Acts 14:17 -Ac14.18 Acts 14:18 -Ac14.19 Acts 14:19 -Ac14.20 Acts 14:20 -Ac14.21 Acts 14:21 -Ac14.22 Acts 14:22 -Ac14.23 Acts 14.23 -Ac14.24 Acts 14:24 Phyrgia on the north and west, Lyconia on the east, and Pam- phylia on the south. -Ac14.25 Acts 14:25 Perga was a considerable city of Pamphylia, towards the sea coast, and near the Caystrus, famous for the temple of Diana. Attalia, now Antalia, or Satalie, was a maritime city of Pamphylia, the chief residence of the praefect -Ac14.26 Acts 14:26 -Ac14.27 Acts 14:27 -Ac14.28 Acts 14:28 -Ac15.1 Acts 15:1 5-21 The apostles consult about it 22-35 and send their determination by letters to the churches, 36-41 Paul and Barnabas, thinking to visit the brethren together, disagree, and travel different ways -Ac15.2 Acts 15:2 -Ac15.3 Acts 15:3 -Ac15.4 Acts 15:4 -Ac15.5 Acts 15:5 -Ac15.6 Acts 15:6 -Ac15.7 Acts 15:7 -Ac15.8 Acts 15:8 -Ac15.9 Acts 15:9 -Ac15.10 Acts 15:10 -Ac15.11 Acts 15:11 -Ac15.12 Acts 15:12 -Ac15.13 Acts 15:13 -Ac15.14 Acts 15:14 -Ac15.15 Acts 15:15 -Ac15.16 Acts 15:16 -Ac15.17 Acts 15:17 -Ac15.18 Acts 15:18 -Ac15.19 Acts 15:19 -Ac15.20 Acts 15:20 -Ac15.21 Acts 15:21 -Ac15.22 Acts 15:22 -Ac15.23 Acts 15:23 -Ac15.24 Acts 15:24 -Ac15.25 Acts 15.25 -Ac15.26 Acts 15:26 -Ac15.27 Acts 15:27 -Ac15.28 Acts 15:28 -Ac15.29 Acts 15:29 -Ac15.30 Acts 15:30 -Ac15.31 Acts 15:31 -Ac15.32 Acts 15:32 -Ac15.33 Acts 15:33 -Ac15.34 Acts 15:34 -Ac15.35 Acts 15:35 -Ac15.36 Acts 15:36 -Ac15.37 Acts 15:37 -Ac15.38 Acts 15:38 -Ac15.39 Acts 15:39 -Ac15.40 Acts 15:40 -Ac15.41 Acts 15:41 -Ac16.1 Acts 16:1 7-13 and being called by the Spirit from one country to another, 14,15 converts Lydia 16-18 and casts out a spirit of divination 19-24 for which cause he and Silas are whipped and imprisoned 25-30 The prison doors are opened 31-34 The jailor is converted 35-40 and they are delivered -Ac16.2 Acts 16:2 -Ac16.3 Acts 16:3 -Ac16.4 Acts 16:4 -Ac16.5 Acts 16:5 -Ac16.6 Acts 16:6 -Ac16.7 Acts 16:7 -Ac16.8 Acts 16:8 -Ac16.9 Acts 16:9 -Ac16.10 Acts 16:10 -Ac16.11 Acts 16:11 -Ac16.12 Acts 16:12 -Ac16.13 Acts 16:13 -Ac16.14 Acts 16:14 -Ac16.15 Acts 16:15 -Ac16.16 Acts 16:16 -Ac16.17 Acts 16:17 -Ac16.18 Acts 16:18 -Ac16.19 Acts 16:19 -Ac16.20 Acts 16:20 -Ac16.21 Acts 6:21 -Ac16.22 Acts 16.22 -Ac16.23 Acts 16:23 -Ac16.24 Acts 16:24 -Ac16.25 Acts 16:25 -Ac16.26 Acts 16:36 -Ac16.27 Acts 16:27 -Ac16.28 Acts 16:28 -Ac16.29 Acts 16:29 -Ac16.30 Acts 16:30 -Ac16.31 Acts 16:31 -Ac16.32 Acts 16:32 -Ac16.33 Acts 16:33 -Ac16.34 Acts 16:34 -Ac16.35 Acts 16:35 -Ac16.36 Acts 16:36 -Ac16.37 Acts 16:37 -Ac16.38 Acts 16:38 -Ac16.39 Acts 16.39 -Ac16.40 Acts 16:40 -Ac17.1 Acts 17:1 5-9 and others persecute him. 10-12 He is sent to Berea, and preaches there, 13-15 Being persecuted by Jews from Thessalonica, 16-31 he comes to Athens, and disputes and preaches the living God, to them unknown 32-34 whereby, though some mock, many are converted unto Christ -Ac17.2 Acts 17:2 -Ac17.3 Acts 17:3 -Ac17.4 Acts 17:4 -Ac17.5 Acts 17:5 -Ac17.6 Acts 17:6 -Ac17.7 Acts 17:7 -Ac17.8 Acts 17:8 -Ac17.9 Acts 17:9 -Ac17.10 Acts 17.10 -Ac17.11 Acts 17:11 -Ac17.12 Acts 17:12 -Ac17.13 Acts 17:13 -Ac17.14 Acts 17:14 -Ac17.15 Acts 17:15 -Ac17.16 Acts 17:16 -Ac17.17 Acts 17:17 -Ac17.18 Acts 17:18 -Ac17.19 Acts 17:19 -Ac17.20 Acts 17:20 04400-891118-0939 -Ac17.21 Acts 17:21 -Ac17.22 Acts 17:22 -Ac17.23 Acts 17:23 -Ac17.24 Acts 17:24 -Ac17.25 Acts 17:25 -Ac17.26 Acts 17:26 -Ac17.27 Acts 17:27 -Ac17.28 Acts 17:28 -Ac17.29 Acts 17:29 -Ac17.30 Acts 17:30 -Ac17.31 Acts 17:31 -Ac17.32 Acts 17:32 -Ac17.33 Acts 17:33 -Ac17.34 Acts 17:34 -Ac18.1 Acts 18:1 Gentiles. 9-11 The Lord encourages him in a vision 12-17 He is accused before Gallio the deputy, but is dismissed, 18-23 Afterwards passing from city to city, he strengthens the disciples. 24-28 Apollos, being more perfectly instructed by Aquila and Priscilla, preaches Christ with great efficacy -Ac18.2 Acts 18:2 -Ac18.3 Acts 18:3 -Ac18.4 Acts 18:4 -Ac18.5 Acts 18:5 -Ac18.6 Acts 18:6 -Ac18.7 Acts 18:7 -Ac18.8 Acts 18:8 -Ac18.9 Acts 18:9 -Ac18.10 Acts 18:10 -Ac18.11 Acts 18:11 -Ac18.12 Acts 18:12 -Ac18.13 Acts 18:13 -Ac18.14 Acts 18:14 -Ac18.15 Acts 18:15 -Ac18.16 Acts 18:16 -Ac18.17 Acts 18:17 -Ac18.18 Acts 18:18 east side of the Isthmus, and about nine miles from the city. -Ac18.19 Acts 18:19 -Ac18.20 Acts 18:20 -Ac18.21 Acts 18:21 -Ac18.22 Acts 18:22 -Ac18.23 Acts 18:23 -Ac18.24 Acts 18:24 -Ac18.25 Acts 18:25 -Ac18.26 Acts 18:26 -Ac18.27 Acts 18.27 -Ac18.28 Acts 18:28 -Ac19.1 Acts 19:1 8-12 The Jews blaspheme his doctrine, which is confirmed by miracles. 13-15 The Jewish exorcists 16-18 are beaten by the devil, 19,20 Conjuring books are burnt, 21-34 Demetrius, for love of gain, raises an uproar against Paul 35-41 which is appeased by the town-clerk -Ac19.2 Acts 19:2 -Ac19.3 Acts 19:3 -Ac19.4 Acts 19:4 -Ac19.5 Acts 19:5 -Ac19.6 Acts 9:6 -Ac19.7 Acts 19:7 -Ac19.8 Acts 19:8 04450-891118-1728 -Ac19.9 Acts 19:9 -Ac19.10 Acts 19:10 -Ac19.11 Acts 19:11 -Ac19.12 Acts 19:12 -Ac19.13 Acts 19:13 -Ac19.14 Acts 19:14 -Ac19.15 Acts 19:15 -Ac19.16 Acts 19:16 -Ac19.17 Acts 19:17 -Ac19.18 Acts 19:18 -Ac19.19 Acts 19:19 word is used in the Greek writers. The study of magic was prosecuted with such zeal at Ephesus, that [], certain charms or words used in incantation, became much celebrated in antiquity. 1562l. 10s. or at 9d each to 1875l -Ac19.20 Acts 19:20 -Ac19.21 Acts 19:21 -Ac19.22 Acts 19:22 -Ac19.23 Acts 19:23 -Ac19.24 Acts 19:24 temple of Diana, and small images of the goddess, somewhat like the Santa Casa purchased by pilgrims at Loretto -Ac19.25 Acts 19:25 -Ac19.26 Acts 19:26 -Ac19.27 -Ac19.28 -Ac19.29 bounded on the north by the mountains of Haemus, on the south by Epirus and Achaia, on the east by the Aegean sea and Thrace, and on the west by the Adriatic sea; celebrated in all histories as being the third kingdom which, under Alexander the Great, obtained the empire of the world, and had under it 150 nations. -Ac19.30 -Ac19.31 -Ac19.32 -Ac19.33 -Ac19.34 -Ac19.35 -Ac19.36 -Ac19.37 -Ac19.38 -Ac19.39 -Ac19.40 -Ac19.41 -Ac20.1 01 Paul goes to Macedonia, and thence to Troas 07 He celebrates the Lord's supper, and preaches 09 Eutychus having fallen down dead is raised to life 13 He continues his travels 17 and at Miletum he calls the elders together, tells them what shall befall to himself 28 commits God's flock to them 29 warns them of false teachers 32 commends them to God 36 prays with them, and departs. -Ac20.2 called, bounded on the west by Epirus, on the east by the Aegean sea, on the north by Macedonia, and on the south by the Peloponnesus. In its largest acceptation it also comprehended all Macedonia, Thessaly, Epirus, Peloponnesus, and the circumjacent islands. -Ac20.3 3 2co 7.5 11.26 -Ac20.4 -Ac20.5 Asia Minor, anciently called Dardania, lying on the Hellespont, west of Mysia -Ac20.6 -Ac20.7 -Ac20.8 -Ac20.9 -Ac20.10 -Ac20.11 -Ac20.12 -Ac20.13 -Ac20.14 -Ac20.15 -Ac20.16 -Ac20.17 04500-891114-0851 -Ac20.18 -Ac20.19 -Ac20.20 -Ac20.21 -Ac20.22 -Ac20.23 -Ac20.24 -Ac20.25 -Ac20.26 -Ac20.27 -Ac20.28 -Ac20.29 -Ac20.30 -Ac20.31 -Ac20.32 -Ac20.33 -Ac20.34 -Ac20.35 -Ac20.36 -Ac20.37 -Ac20.38 -Ac21.1 01 Paul calls at the house of Philip, whose daughters prophesy 10 Agabus, foretelling what should befall him at Jerusalem, he will not be dissuaded from going thither 17 He comes to Jerusalem 27 where he is apprehended, and in great danger, but by the chief captain is rescued 37 and requests, and is permitted to speak to the people. of those called Cyclades, near the south-west point of Asia Minor, and about fifteen miles from Halicarnassus. Rhodes is a celebrated island in the same sea, southward of Caria, from which it is distant about twenty miles, next to Cyprus and Lesbos in extent, being 120 miles in circumference. It was remarkable for the clearness of the air, and its pleasant and healthy climate, and chiefly for its Colossus of brass, seventy cubits high, with each finger as large as an ordinary man, standing astride over the mouth of the harbour, so that ships in full sail passed between its legs. -Ac21.2 -Ac21.3 -Ac21.4 -Ac21.5 -Ac21.6 -Ac21.7 -Ac21.8 -Ac21.9 -Ac21.10 -Ac21.11 -Ac21.12 -Ac21.13 -Ac21.14 -Ac21.15 -Ac21.16 -Ac21.17 -Ac21.18 -Ac21.19 -Ac21.20 -Ac21.21 -Ac21.22 -Ac21.23 -Ac21.24 -Ac21.25 -Ac21.26 -Ac21.27 -Ac21.28 -Ac21.29 04550-891114-1118 -Ac21.30 -Ac21.31 -Ac21.32 -Ac21.33 -Ac21.34 -Ac21.35 -Ac21.36 -Ac21.37 -Ac21.38 -Ac21.39 -Ac21.40 -Ac22.1 01 Paul declares at large how he was converted to the faith, 17 and called to his apostleship 22 At the very mentioning of the Gentiles the people exclaim on him 24 He would have been scourged, 25 but claiming the privilege of a Roman, he escapes. -Ac22.2 -Ac22.3 -Ac22.4 -Ac22.5 -Ac22.6 extraordinary conversion as a most complete demonstration of the truth of Christianity; and when all the particulars of his education, his previous religious principles, his zeal, his enmity against Christians, and his prospects of secular honours and preferments by persecuting them, are compared with the subsequent part of his life, and the sudden transition from a furious persecutor to a zealous preacher of the gospel, in which he laboured and suffered to the end of his life, and for which he died a martyr, it must convince every candid and impartial person that no rational account can be given of this change, except what he himself assigns; and consequently, if that be true, that Christianity is Divine. -Ac22.7 -Ac22.8 -Ac22.9 -Ac22.10 -Ac22.11 -Ac22.12 -Ac22.13 -Ac22.14 -Ac22.15 -Ac22.16 -Ac22.17 -Ac22.18 -Ac22.19 -Ac22.20 -Ac22.21 -Ac22.22 -Ac22.23 -Ac22.24 was ignorant of the charge against Paul, and also of the defence which the apostle had made; but as he saw that they grew more and more outrageous, he supposed that Paul must have given them the highest provocation, and therefore, according to the barbarous and irrational practice which has existed in all countries, he determined to put him to the torture, in order to make him confess his crime. -Ac22.25 Roman citizen capitally, or by inflicting stripes, or even binding him; and the single expression, I am a Roman citizen, arrested their severest decrees, and obtained, if not an escape, at least a delay of his punishment -Ac22.26 -Ac22.27 -Ac22.28 born in that city, had the same rights and privileges as Roman citizens, in consequence of a grant or charter from Julius Caesar, from whom it was called Juliopolis. But if this were not the case, St. Paul's father, or some of his ancestors, might have been rewarded with the freedom of the city of Rome, for his fidelity and bravery in some military service, as Josephus says several of the Jews were; or his father might have obtained it by purchase, as in the instance of the chief captain. -Ac22.29 -Ac22.30 -Ac23.1 01 As Paul pleads his cause 02 Ananias commands them to smite him 07 Dissension among his accusers, 11 God encourages him 14 The Jews' laying wait for Paul 20 is declared unto the chief captain 27 He sends him to Felix the governor -Ac23.2 -Ac23.3 years after this, after his house had been reduced to ashes, in a tumult raised by his own son, he was besieged and taken in the royal palace; where having attempted in vain to hide himself, he was dragged out and slain. thou whited -Ac23.4 -Ac23.5 Jerusalem, Ananias, son of Nebedenus, was deprived of the high priest's office, for certain acts of violence, and sent to Rome, whence he was afterwards released, and returned to Jerusalem. Between the death of Jonathan, who succeeded him and was murdered by Felix, and the high priesthood of Ismael, who was invested with that office by Agrippa, an interval elapsed in which this dignity was vacant. This was the precise time when St. Paul was apprehended; and the Sanhedrin being destitute of a president, Ananias undertook to discharge the office. It is probable that Paul was ignorant of this circumstance. -Ac23.6 -Ac23.7 -Ac23.8 -Ac23.9 04600-891116-1106 -Ac23.10 -Ac23.11 -Ac23.12 Jews, who, from their perverted traditions, challenged to themselves a right of punishing without any legal process, those whom they considered transgressers of the law; and in some cases, as in the case of one who had forsaken the law of Moses, they thought they were justified in killing them. They therefore made no scruple of acquainting the chief priests and elders with their conspiracy against the life of Paul, and applying for their connivance and support; who, being chiefly of the sect of the Sadducces, and the apostle's bitterest enemies, were so far from blaming them for it, that they gladly aided and abetted them in this mode of dispatching him, and on its failure they soon afterwards determined upon making a similar attempt. If these were, in their bad way, conscientious men, they were under no necessity of perishing for hunger, when the providence of God had hindered them from accomplishing their vow; for their vows of abstinence from eating and drinking were as easy to loose as to bind, any of their wise men or Rabbies having power to absolve them, as Dr. Lightfoot has shewn from the Talmud. -Ac23.13 -Ac23.14 -Ac23.15 -Ac23.16 -Ac23.17 -Ac23.18 -Ac23.19 -Ac23.20 -Ac23.21 -Ac23.22 -Ac23.23 secrecy, and to elude the cunning, active malice of the Jews. -Ac23.24 -Ac23.25 -Ac23.26 -Ac23.27 -Ac23.28 -Ac23.29 -Ac23.30 -Ac23.31 -Ac23.32 -Ac23.33 -Ac23.34 -Ac23.35 -Ac24.1 01 Paul being accused by Tertallus the orator 10 answers for his life and doctrine 24 He preaches Christ to the governor and his wife 26 The governor hopes for a bribe, but in vain 27 At last, going out of his office, he leaves Paul in prison. -Ac24.2 services to Judaea. He had entirely subdued a very formidable banditti which had infested the country, and sent their captain, Eliezar, to Rome; had suppressed the sedition raised by the Egyptian impostor; and had quelled a very afflictive disturbance which took place between the Syrians and Jews of Caesarea. But, though Tertullus might truly say, 'by thee we enjoy great quietness' yet it is evident that he was guilty of the grossest flattery, as we have seen both from his own historians and Josephus, that he was both a bad man and a bad governor -Ac24.3 -Ac24.4 -Ac24.5 -Ac24.6 -Ac24.7 -Ac24.8 -Ac24.9 -Ac24.10 -Ac24.11 -Ac24.12 -Ac24.13 -Ac24.14 -Ac24.15 3 ac 24.21 26.6,7 28.20 -Ac24.16 -Ac24.17 -Ac24.18 -Ac24.19 -Ac24.20 -Ac24.21 -Ac24.22 -Ac24.23 -Ac24.24 04650-891120-0731 -Ac24.25 -Ac24.26 -Ac24.27 sixth or seventh year of Nero. He died about two years afterwards, and was succeeded by Albinus. -Ac25.1 01 The Jews accuse Paul before Festus 08 He answers for himself 11 and appeals unto Cesar 14 afterwards Festus opens his matter to king Agrippa 23 and he is brought forth 25 Festus clears him of having done any thing worthy of death. death of Herod Agrippa, Claudius thought it imprudent to trust the government in the hands of his son Agrippa, who was then but seventeen years of age; and therefore, Cuspius Fadus was sent to be procurator. And when afterwards Claudius had given to Agrippa the tetrarchy of Philip, he nevertheless kept the province of Judea in his own hands, and governed it by procurators sent from Rome. -Ac25.2 -Ac25.3 -Ac25.4 -Ac25.5 -Ac25.6 or ten days -Ac25.7 -Ac25.8 -Ac25.9 -Ac25.10 province over which he presided; and as the seat of government was at Cesarea, St. Paul was before the tribunal where, as a Roman citizen, he ought to be judged -Ac25.11 citizen, and was highly respected. The Julian law condemned those magistrates, and others, as violaters of the public peace, who had put to death, tortured, scourged, imprisoned, or condemned any Roman citizen who had appealed to Cesar. This law was so sacred and imperative, that, in the persecution under Trajan, Pliny would not attempt to put to death Roman citizens, who were proved to have turned Christians, but determined to send them to Rome, probably because they had appealed. -Ac25.12 -Ac25.13 -Ac25.14 -Ac25.15 -Ac25.16 -Ac25.17 -Ac25.18 -Ac25.19 -Ac25.20 enquire hereof, I asked -Ac25.21 -Ac25.22 -Ac25.23 -Ac25.24 of his uncle Herod, king of Chalcis, A.D.28, succeeded to his dominions, by the favour of the emperor Claudius. Four years afterwards, Claudius removed him from that kingdom to a larger one; giving him the tetrarchy of Philip, that of Lysanias, and the province which Varus governed. Nero afterwards added Julias in Peraea, Tariahaea, and Tiberias. Claudius gave him the power of appointing the high priest among the Jews; and instances of his exercising this power may be seen in Josephus. He was strongly attached to the Romans, and did every thing in his power to prevent the Jews from rebelling; and when he could not prevail, he united his troops to those of Titus, and assisted at the siege of Jerusalem. After the ruin of his country, he retired with his sister Berenice to Rome where he died, aged 70, about A.D. 90. -Ac25.25 or august, which was first conferred by the senate on Octavius Caesar, was afterwards assumed by succeeding Roman emperors. -Ac25.26 -Ac25.27 -Ac26.1 01 Paul, in the presence of Agrippa, declares his life from his childhood 12 and how miraculously he was converted, and called to his apostleship 24 Festus charges him with being mad, whereunto he answers modestly 28 Agrippa is almost persuaded to be a Christian 31 The whole company pronounce him innocent -Ac26.2 -Ac26.3 -Ac26.4 -Ac26.5 -Ac26.6 -Ac26.7 -Ac26.8 -Ac26.9 -Ac26.10 -Ac26.11 -Ac26.12 -Ac26.13 -Ac26.14 -Ac26.15 -Ac26.16 -Ac26.17 -Ac26.18 -Ac26.19 -Ac26.20 04700-891120-0907 -Ac26.21 -Ac26.22 -Ac26.23 -Ac26.24 -Ac26.25 -Ac26.26 -Ac26.27 -Ac26.28 -Ac26.29 -Ac26.30 -Ac26.31 -Ac26.32 -Ac27.1 01 Paul shipping towards Rome 10 foretells of the danger of the voyage 11 but is not believed 14 They are tossed to and fro with tempest 41 and suffer shipwreck 44 yet all come safe to land. Adriatic or Venetian Gulf on the east, the Tyrrhene or Tuscan Sea on the west, and by the Alps on the north. -Ac27.2 Asia Minor, seated at the foot of Mount Ida, on a gulf of the same nam, opposite the island of Lesbos -Ac27.3 -Ac27.4 -Ac27.5 from the sea. -Ac27.6 Egypt, built by Alexander the Great, situated on the Mediterranean and the lake Moeris, opposite the island of Pharos, and about twelve miles from the western branch of the Nile -Ac27.7 opposite Crete, now Cape Krio. Mediterranean, 250 miles in length, 50 in breadth, and 600 in circumference, lying at the entrance of the Aegean sea. Salmone, now Salamina, was a city and cape on the east of the island of Crete. -Ac27.8 the south-eastern part of Crete, near Lasea, of which nothing now remains. -Ac27.9 -Ac27.10 -Ac27.11 -Ac27.12 defended from the fury of the winds by a high and winding shore, forming a semicircle, and perhaps by some small island in front; leaving two openings, one towards the south-west, and the other towards the north-west. Crete. -Ac27.13 -Ac27.14 tempestuous winds called levanters, which blow in all directions, from N.E. round by E. to S.E. -Ac27.15 -Ac27.16 by Ptolemy, and now Gozo, according to Dr. Shaw, is a small island, situated at the south-western extremity of the island of Crete. -Ac27.17 -Ac27.18 -Ac27.19 -Ac27.20 -Ac27.21 -Ac27.22 -Ac27.23 -Ac27.24 -Ac27.25 -Ac27.26 -Ac27.27 now the Gulf of Venice, an arm of the Mediterranean, about 400 miles long and 140 broad, stretching along the eastern shores of Italy on one side, and Dalmatia, Selavonia, and Macedonia on the other. But the term Adria was extended far beyond the limits of this gulf, and appears to have been given to an indeterminate extent of sea, as we say, generally, the Levant. It is observable, that the sacred historian does not say "in the Adriatic gulf," but "in Adria," (that is, the Adriatic sea, being understood;) which, says Hesychius, was the same as the Ionian sea; and Strabo says that the Ionian gulf is a part of that now called the Adriatic. But not only the Ionian, but even the Sicilian sea, and part of that which washes Crete, were called the Adriatic. Thus the scholiast on Dionysius Periergetis says, they call this Sicilian sea Adria. And Ptogemy says that Sicily was bounded on the east by the Adriatic, and that Crete was bounded on the west by the Adriatic sea. -Ac27.28 -Ac27.29 -Ac27.30 -Ac27.31 -Ac27.32 -Ac27.33 -Ac27.34 -Ac27.35 -Ac27.36 -Ac27.37 -Ac27.38 Alexandria, to which this ship belonged; for a curious account of which see Bryant's treatise on the Euroclydon. 04750-891120-1047 -Ac27.39 -Ac27.40 vessels in ancient times had two or more rudders, which were fastened to the ship by means of bands, or chains, by which they were hoisted out of the water when incapable of being used. These bands being loosed, the rudders would fall into their proper places, and serve to steer the vessel into the creek, which they had in view, and hoisted. -Ac27.41 -Ac27.42 -Ac27.43 -Ac27.44 companions were cast, is situate in the Mediterranean sea, about fifty miles from the coast of Sicily, towards Africa; and is one immense rock of soft white free-stone, twenty miles long, twelve in its greatest breadth, and sixty in circumference. Some, however, with the learned Jacob Bryant, are of opinion that this island was Melita in the Adriatic gulf, near Illyricum; but it may be sufficient to observe, that the course of the Alexandrian ship, first to Syracuse and then to Rhegium, proves that it was the present Malta, as the proper course from the Illyrian Melita would have been first to Rhegium, before it reached Syracuse, to which indeed it need not have gone at all. -Ac28.1 01 Paul, after his shipwreck, is kindly entertained of the barbarians. 05 The viper on his hand hurts him not 08 He heals many diseases in the island 11 They depart towards Rome 17 He declares to the Jews the cause of his coming 24 After his preaching some were persuaded, and some believed not 30 Yet he preaches there two years. -Ac28.2 -Ac28.3 -Ac28.4 -Ac28.5 -Ac28.6 -Ac28.7 -Ac28.8 -Ac28.9 -Ac28.10 -Ac28.11 -Ac28.12 side of the island, 72 miles s. by e. of Messian, and about 112 of Palermo. In its ancient state of splendour it was 22 1/2 in extent, according to Strabo; and such was its opulence, that when the Romans took it, they found more riches than they did at Carthage. -Ac28.13 Italy, opposite Messina. the kingdom of Naples, about eight miles s.w. of that city, standing upon a hill in a creek opposite to Baiae. -Ac28.14 -Ac28.15 of the Volsci, fifty miles s. of Rome. The three taverns. was a place in the Appian Way, thirty miles from Rome. -Ac28.16 situated on the banks of the Tiber, about sixteen miles from the sea; 410 miles S.S.E. of Vienna, 600 JS.E. of Paris, 730 E. by N. of Madrid, 760 W. of Constantinople, and 780 S.E. of London. -Ac28.17 -Ac28.18 -Ac28.19 -Ac28.20 soldier that kept him; a mode of custody which Dr. Lardner has shewn was in use among the Romans. It is in exact conformity, therefore, with the truth of St. Paul's situation at this time, that he declares himself to be an ambassador in a chain, and the exactness if the more remarkable, as a chain is no where used in the singular number to express any other kind of custody. -Ac28.21 -Ac28.22 -Ac28.23 -Ac28.24 -Ac28.25 -Ac28.26 -Ac28.27 -Ac28.28 -Ac28.29 -Ac28.30 Judaea, in the way to which he left Titus at Crete, and then returned through Syria, Cilicia, Asia Minor, and Greece, to Rome; where, according to primitive tradition, he was beheaded by order of Nero, A.D. 66, at Aquae Saivae, three miles from the city, where Constantine erected a church. -Ac28.31 -Ro1.1 come to them, 9-15; What his gospel is, 16,17; God is angry with sin, 18-20; What were the sins of the gentiles, 21-32; -Ro1.2 -Ro1.3 -Ro1.4 -Ro1.5 -Ro1.6 -Ro1.7 -Ro1.8 -Ro1.9 -Ro1.10 -Ro1.11 -Ro1.12 -Ro1.13 04800-891019-2254 -Ro1.14 -Ro1.15 -Ro1.16 -Ro1.17 -Ro1.18 -Ro1.19 -Ro1.20 -Ro1.21 -Ro1.22 -Ro1.23 -Ro1.24 -Ro1.25 -Ro1.26 -Ro1.27 -Ro1.28 -Ro1.29 -Ro1.30 -Ro1.31 -Ro1.32 -Ro2.1 -Ro2.2 -Ro2.3 -Ro2.4 -Ro2.5 -Ro2.6 -Ro2.7 -Ro2.8 -Ro2.9 -Ro2.10 -Ro2.11 -Ro2.12 -Ro2.13 -Ro2.14 -Ro2.15 -Ro2.16 -Ro2.17 -Ro2.18 -Ro2.19 -Ro2.20 -Ro2.21 -Ro2.22 -Ro2.23 -Ro2.24 -Ro2.25 -Ro2.26 -Ro2.27 -Ro2.28 -Ro2.29 2.27 7.6; 14.17 jno 3.5-8 2co 3.6 phi 3.3 -Ro3.1 howbeit the law convinces them also of sin, 9-19; therefore no flesh is justified by the law, 20-27; but all without difference, by faith, only, 28-30; and yet the law is not abolished,31 -Ro3.2 -Ro3.3 -Ro3.4 -Ro3.5 -Ro3.6 -Ro3.7 -Ro3.8 -Ro3.9 -Ro3.10 -Ro3.11 -Ro3.12 -Ro3.13 -Ro3.14 -Ro3.15 -Ro3.16 -Ro3.17 -Ro3.18 -Ro3.19 -Ro3.20 -Ro3.21 -Ro3.22 -Ro3.23 -Ro3.24 -Ro3.25 -Ro3.26 -Ro3.27 -Ro3.28 -Ro3.29 -Ro3.30 -Ro3.31 -Ro4.1 before he was circumcised,10-12. By faith only he and his seed received the promise, 13-15. Abraham is the father of all that believe, 16-23. Our faith also shall be imputed to us for righteousness, 24,25. -Ro4.2 -Ro4.3 -Ro4.4 -Ro4.5 -Ro4.6 -Ro4.7 -Ro4.8 -Ro4.9 -Ro4.10 -Ro4.11 -Ro4.12 -Ro4.13 -Ro4.14 -Ro4.15 -Ro4.16 -Ro4.17 -Ro4.18 -Ro4.19 -Ro4.20 -Ro4.21 04900-891027-2226 -Ro4.22 -Ro4.23 -Ro4.24 -Ro4.25 7.14 -Ro5.1 our hope,2-7; that since we were reconciled by his blood, when we were enemies,8,9; we shall much more be saved, being reconciled, 10,11. As sin and death came by Adam, 12-16; so much more righteousness and life by Jesus Christ, 17-19. Where sin abounded, grace did superabound,20,21. -Ro5.2 5.9,10; 8.1,30-39; 14.4 jno 5.24 1co 15.1 ep 6.13; 1pe 1.4 -Ro5.3 -Ro5.4 -Ro5.5 -Ro5.6 -Ro5.7 -Ro5.8 -Ro5.9 -Ro5.10 5.11; 8.32 le 6.30 2ch 29.24 eze 45.20 da 9.24 ep 2.16 he 2.17 -Ro5.11 -Ro5.12 -Ro5.13 -Ro5.14 -Ro5.15 -Ro5.16 -Ro5.17 5.9,10; 20.4,6; 22.5 -Ro5.18 -Ro5.19 -Ro5.20 -Ro5.21 -Ro6.1 by our baptism,3-11; let not sin reign any more,12-17; because we have yielded ourselves to the service of righteousness, 18-22; and for that death is the wages of sin,23 -Ro6.2 -Ro6.3 -Ro6.4 -Ro6.5 -Ro6.6 -Ro6.7 -Ro6.8 -Ro6.9 -Ro6.10 -Ro6.11 -Ro6.12 -Ro6.13 -Ro6.14 -Ro6.15 -Ro6.16 -Ro6.17 -Ro6.18 -Ro6.19 -Ro6.20 -Ro6.21 -Ro6.22 -Ro6.23 6.27,32,33,40,50-58,68; 10.28; 17.2 tit 1.2 1pe 1.3,4 -Ro7.1 are dead to the law,4-6 Yet is not the law sin,7-11; but holy, just and good,12-15; as I acknowledge, who am grieved because I cannot keep it, 16-25 -Ro7.2 04950-891108-0943 -Ro7.3 -Ro7.4 -Ro7.5 -Ro7.6 -Ro7.7 -Ro7.8 law, there is no transgreesion; for sin is the transgression of the law; the very essence of sin consists in the violation of some positive law. -Ro7.9 -Ro7.10 -Ro7.11 -Ro7.12 -Ro7.13 -Ro7.14 -Ro7.15 -Ro7.16 -Ro7.17 -Ro7.18 -Ro7.20 -Ro7.21 -Ro7.22 119.16,24,35,47,48,72,92,97-104,111,113,127,167,174 is 51.7 -Ro7.23 1pe 2.11 -Ro7.24 de 22.26,27 ps 71.11; 72.12; 91.14,15; 102.20 mi 7.19 -Ro7.25 -Ro8.1 harm comes of the flesh, 5-12; and what good of the Spirit, 13-18; The glorious deliverance all things long for, 19-28, was beforehand decreed from God, 29-37 Nothing can sever us from his love, 38-39 phi 3.9 -Ro8.2 22.1 -Ro8.3 -Ro8.4 14.5 -Ro8.5 -Ro8.6 -Ro8.7 4.18,19 col 1.21 2ti 3.4 ja 4.4 1jno 2.15,16 -Ro8.8 -Ro8.9 8.11 lu 11.13 1co 3.16; 6.19 2co 6.16 ga 4.6 ep 1.13,17,18; 2.22 2ti 1.14 1jno 3.24; 4.4 jnude 19-21 -Ro8.10 jno 4.14; 6.54; 11.25,26; 14.19 1co 15.45 2co 5.6-8 phi 1.23 col 3.3,4 he 12.23 re 7.14-17 -Ro8.11 -Ro8.12 -Ro8.13 1.14,15 -Ro8.14 -Ro8.15 -Ro8.16 -Ro8.17 3.7 he 1.14; 6.17 ja 2.5 1pe 1.4 -Ro8.18 -Ro8.19 -Ro8.20 -Ro8.21 -Ro8.22 -Ro8.23 -Ro8.24 -Ro8.25 -Ro8.26 -Ro8.27 05000-900105-1937 -Ro8.28 -Ro8.29 -Ro8.30 -Ro8.31 -Ro8.32 -Ro8.33 -Ro8.34 -Ro8.35 -Ro8.36 -Ro8.37 -Ro8.38 -Ro8.39 -Ro9.1 promise, 7-17. God's sovreignity, 18-24. The calling of the Gentiles and rejecting of the jews, foretold, 25-31. The cause of the Jews' stumbling, 32-33. -Ro9.2 -Ro9.3 -Ro9.4 -Ro9.5 -Ro9.6 -Ro9.7 -Ro9.8 -Ro9.9 -Ro9.10 -Ro9.11 -Ro9.12 -Ro9.13 -Ro9.14 -Ro9.15 -Ro9.16 -Ro9.17 -Ro9.18 -Ro9.19 -Ro9.20 -Ro9.21 vessels of wrath, carries on the similitude of the potter, by which he had illustrated the sovreignity of God. -Ro9.22 -Ro9.23 -Ro9.24 -Ro9.25 -Ro9.26 -Ro9.27 -Ro9.28 -Ro9.29 -Ro9.30 -Ro9.31 -Ro9.32 -Ro9.33 -Ro10.1 the law, and that of faith, 1-10; and that all, both jew and gentile, that believe, shall not be confounded, 11-17; and that the gentile shall receive the word and believe, 18. Israel was not ignorant of these things, 19-21. -Ro10.2 prepares them for the harsher truths which he was about to deliver. -Ro10.3 method of saving sinners." -Ro10.4 -Ro10.5 05050-900107-2239 -Ro10.6 expresses it in his own language; beautifully accomodating what Moses says of the law to his present purpose. -Ro10.7 -Ro10.8 -Ro10.9 -Ro10.10 -Ro10.11 -Ro10.12 -Ro10.13 -Ro10.14 -Ro10.15 -Ro10.16 -Ro10.17 -Ro10.18 words, is the application of them in a passage of Zohar, Genes "These words are the servants of the Messiah and measure out both the things above, and the things beneath." -Ro10.19 -Ro10.20 -Ro10.21 -Ro11.1 the rest were hardened,7-15. There is hope of their conversion, 16,17. The Gentiles may not exult over them, 18-25; for there is a promise of their salvation, 26-32. God's judgements are unsearchable, 33-36. -Ro11.2 having this signification. -Ro11.3 1ki 18.30,31; -Ro11.4 -Ro11.5 and goodness of God. -Ro11.6 - that of claiming reward as a matter of right. -Ro11.7 for the concrete. So the jews or the circumcised people are called Israel, or the circumcision -Ro11.8 -Ro11.9 -Ro11.10 -Ro11.11 11.14; 10.19; emulation -Ro11.12 -Ro11.13 -Ro11.14 -Ro11.15 -Ro11.16 -Ro11.17 -Ro11.18 -Ro11.19 -Ro11.20 -Ro11.21 -Ro11.22 2.4,5; 9.22,23; nu 14.18-22; de 32.39-43; jos 23.15,16; off, as the gardener cuts off, with a pruning knife, dead boughs, or luxuriant stems. -Ro11.23 -Ro11.24 11.17,18,30 -Ro11.25 -Ro11.26 -Ro11.27 -Ro11.28 -Ro11.30 -Ro11.31 -Ro11.32 -Ro11.33 -Ro11.34 05100-900201-0836 -Ro11.35 -Ro11.36 -Ro12.1 1 God's mercies must move us to please God 3 No man must think too well of himself 6 But everyone attend to the calling wherein he is placed 9 Love, and many other duties are required of us 19 Revenge is especially forbidden -Ro12.2 -Ro12.3 -Ro12.4 -Ro12.5 -Ro12.6 -Ro12.7 -Ro12.8 -Ro12.9 -Ro12.10 -Ro12.11 -Ro12.12 -Ro12.13 -Ro12.14 -Ro12.15 -Ro12.16 -Ro12.17 -Ro12.18 -Ro12.19 -Ro12.20 -Ro12.21 -Ro13.1 1 Subjection, and many other duties, we owe to the magistrates 8 Love is the fulfilling of the law 11 Gluttony and drunkeness and the works of darkness, are out of season in the times of the gospel -Ro13.2 -Ro13.3 -Ro13.4 -Ro13.5 -Ro13.6 -Ro13.7 -Ro13.8 -Ro13.9 -Ro13.10 -Ro13.11 -Ro13.12 -Ro13.13 -Ro13.14 -Ro14.1 1 men may not contemn nor condemn one another for things indifferent 13 but take heed that they give no offence in 15 which the apostle proves unlawful by many reasons -Ro14.2 -Ro14.3 -Ro14.4 -Ro14.5 -Ro14.6 -Ro14.7 -Ro14.8 -Ro14.9 -Ro14.10 -Ro14.11 -Ro14.12 -Ro14.13 05150-891016-1255 -Ro14.14 -Ro14.15 -Ro14.16 -Ro14.17 -Ro14.18 -Ro14.19 -Ro14.20 -Ro14.21 -Ro14.22 -Ro14.23 -Ro15.1 1 The strong must bear with the weak, 2 We must not please ourselves, 3 for Christ did not so, 7 but receive one another, as Christ did us all, 8 both Jews and Gentiles, 15 Paul excuses his writing, 28 and promises to see them, 30 and requests their prayers. -Ro15.2 -Ro15.3 -Ro15.4 -Ro15.5 -Ro15.6 -Ro15.7 -Ro15.8 -Ro15.9 -Ro15.10 -Ro15.11 -Ro15.12 -Ro15.13 -Ro15.14 -Ro15.15 -Ro15.16 -Ro15.17 -Ro15.18 -Ro15.19 -Ro15.20 -Ro15.21 -Ro15.22 -Ro15.23 -Ro15.24 -Ro15.25 -Ro15.26 -Ro15.27 -Ro15.28 -Ro15.29 -Ro15.30 -Ro15.31 -Ro15.32 -Ro15.33 -Ro16.1 1 Paul wills the brethren to greet many 17 and advises them to take heed of those which cause dissension and offences 21 and after sundry saluations ends with praise and thanks to God -Ro16.2 -Ro16.3 -Ro16.4 -Ro16.5 -Ro16.6 -Ro16.7 05200-891024-1239 -Ro16.8 -Ro16.9 -Ro16.10 -Ro16.11 -Ro16.12 -Ro16.13 -Ro16.14 -Ro16.15 -Ro16.16 -Ro16.17 -Ro16.18 -Ro16.19 -Ro16.20 -Ro16.21 -Ro16.22 -Ro16.23 -Ro16.24 -Ro16.25 -Ro16.26 -Ro16.27 01 After his salutation and thanksgiving 10 he exhorts them to unity 12 and reproves their dissensions 18 God destroys the wisdom of the wise, 21 by the foolishness of preaching, 26 and calls not the wise, mighty, and noble 28 but the foolish, weak, and men of no account. evident from the LXX who translate the phrase 'he shall call on the name' which is active by God, is not to be understood of that wisdom which had God for its author, but of that wisdom which had God for its object. There was, among the heathen, wisdom about natural things, that is philosophy; and wisdom about God, that is, divinity. But the world, in its divinity, could not, by wisdom, know God.' The wisest of the heathen had no just and correct views of the Divine nature; of which the works of Cicero and Lucretius are in contestable proofs. 01 He declares that his preaching, though it bring not excellency of speech, or of human wisdom, yet consists in the power of God, 06 and so far excels the wisdom of this world, and human sense, that the natural man cannot understand it. translation of the Hebrew, but it gives the general sense. things to spirtual men, spirtual things state, and under the influence of his animal passions, for means the inferior and sensual part of man, in oposition to the understanding, or the spirit. 01 Milk is fit for children 03 Strife and division, arguments of a fleshly mind, 07 He that planteth and he that watereth, are nothing 09 The ministers are God's fellow-workmen 11 Christ the only foundation 16 Men the temples of God, which must be kept holy 19 The wisdom of this world is foolishness with God 1 In what account the ministers ought to be had. 7 We have nothing which we have not received. 9 The apostles spectacles to the world, angels, and men. 13 The filth and offscouring of the world. 15 Yet our fathers in Christ. 16 Whom we ought to follow. duty. Wetstien has shewn, from the classics, that this is the proper signification of, I know 05300-891024-1023-1Co4.11 1 The incestuous person 6 Is cause rather of shame unto them than of rejoicing. 7 The old leaven is to be purged out. 10 Hienous offenders are to be shamed and avoided. 01 The Corinthians must not vex their brethren, in going to law with them, 06 especially under infidels 09 The unrighteous shall not inherit the kingdom of God, 15 Our bodies are the members of Christ, and temples of the Holy Ghost: they must not therefore be defiled the church were competent to decide the causes which they brought before the heathen magistrates. 01 He treats of marriage 04 shewing it to be a remedy against fornication 10 and that the bond thereof ought not lightly to be dissolved 20 Every man must be content with his vocation 25 Virginity wherefore to be embraced 35 and for what respects we may either marry, or abstain from marrying. 05350-891026-0917-1Co7.7 the necessities of the church, or what he calls the present distress; for it would be perfectly absurd to imagine that an inspired apostle would in the general, discountenance marriage, since it was of the greatest importance to the existence and happiness of future generations, and expressly agreeable to a divine institution. bought with his money. In these verses the apostle shews that Christianity makes no change in our civil connections. care though it generally signifies a maid, frequently denotes unmarried persons of both sexes; in which sense it is evidently used here by the apostle. have apostle's expression is borrowed from the theatre, where this means that the scene changes, and presents an appearance entirely new. carried a small casting net, rete, which he endeavoured to throw over his adversary's head state of celibacy, and render not a virgin, but virginity; but such a construction of the original appears without example. It appears most obvious to explain it of a parent, or guardian, who had the charge of a virgin; and Kypke has shewn that this is an elegant phrase for his virgin daughter, the flower. Spirit of God;' for is frequently used to express not what is doubtful, but what is true and certain. 01 To abstain from meats offered to idols. 08 we must not abuse our Christian liberty, to the offence of our brethren. 11 Must bridle our knowledge with charity. (some religious regard to) the idol, and formerly conscience, also imports have we the less. 01 He shews his liberty 07 and that the minister ought to live by the Gospel 15 yet that himself has of his own accord abstained 18 to be either chargeable unto them 22 or offensive unto any, in matters indifferent 24 Our life is like unto a race 05400-891104-1051-1Co9.4 01 The sacraments of the Jews are types of ours, 07 and their punishments, 11 examples for us, 13 We must flee from idolatary, 21 We must not make the Lord's table the table of the devil, 24 and in things indifferent we must have regard of our brethren, 05450-891107-1155-1Co10.27 general rule, sufficient to regulate every man's conscience and practice,- that whether they eat, or drink, or whatsoever they do, to do it all with an habitual aim to the glory of God; by considering his precepts, and the propriety, expediency, appearance, and tendency of their actions. ye eat. 01 He reproves them, because in holy assemblies, 04 their men prayed with their heads covered, 06 and women with treir heads uncovered, 17 and because generally their meetings were not for the better, but for the worse, 21 as, namely, in profaning with their own feast the Lord's supper, 25 Lastly, he calls them to the first institution thereof, of her husband. Appears here to be used for the sign or token of being under power or authority, that is, a veil, as Theophylact, (Ecumenius, and photius explain; and so one MS. of the vulgate, the Sixtine edition, and some copies of the Itala, have velamen. was inflicted upon the disorderly and profane for their amendment. 01 spiritual gifts 04 are diverse 07 yet all to profit withal 08 and to that end are diversely bestowed 12 that by the like proportion, as the members of a natural body tend all to the mutual decency 22 service 26 and succour of the same body 27 so we should do for one another, to make up the mystical body of Christ 05500-891111-0256-1Co12.10 01 all gifts 03 how excellent soever, are nothing worth without charity 04 the praises therof 13 and prelation before hope and faith 01 Prophecy is commended 02 and preferred before speaking with tongues 06 by a comparison drawn from musical instruments 12 Both must be referred to edification 22 as to their true and proper end 26 The true use of each is taught 27 and the abuse taxed 34 Women are forbidden to speak in church 05550-891111-1230-1Co14.16 but the term torah, Law, was used by the Jews to express the whole Scriptures, law, prophets, and hagiographia; and they used it to distinguish these Sacred Writings from the words of the scribes. It is not taken from the LXX, from which it varies as much as any words can differ from others where the general meaning is similar. It accords much more with the Hebrew; and may be considered as a translation from it; only what is said of God in the third person, in the Hebrew is here expressed in the first person, with the addition of , saith the Lord. Dr. Randolph. 01 By Christ's resurrection 12 he proves the necessity of our resurrection, against all such as deny the resurrection of the body 21 The fruit 35 and the manner thereof 51 and of the changing of them that shall be found alive at the last day 05600-891112-1246-1Co15.26 01 He exhorts them to relieve the want of the brethren at Jerusulem, 10 Commends Timothy 13 and after friendly admonitions 16 concludes his epistle with divers saluations. 05650-891112-1354-1Co16.18 1st Corinthians 16:19 1st Corinthians 16:20 1st Corinthians 16:21 1st Corinthians 16.22 the judgment denounced. 1st Corinthians 16:23 1st Corinthians 16:24 Concluding remarks on 2nd Corinthians: The most remarkable circumstance in this Epistle, observes Mr. Scott, is the confidence of the Apostle in the goodness of his cause, and in the power of God to bear him out in it. Opposed as he then was by a powerful and sagacious party, whose authority, reputation, and interest were deeply concerned, and who were ready to seize on every thing that could discredit him, it is wonderful to hear him so firmly insist upon his apostolical authority, and so unreservedly appeal to the miraculous powers which he had excercised and conferred at Corinth. So far from shrinking from the contest, as afraid of some discovery being made, unfavourable to him and the common cause, he, with great modesty and meekness indeed, but with equal boldness and decision, expressly declares that his opposers and despisers were the ministers of Satan, and menaces them with miraculous judgments, when as many of the deluded hearers had been brought to repentance and re- established in the faith, as proper means could in a reasonable time effect. It is inconceivable that a stronger internal testimony, not only of integrity, but of devine inspiration, can exist. Had there been any thing of imposture among the Christians, it was next to impossible but such a conduct must have occasioned a disclosure of it. Of the effects produced by this latter epistle we have no circumstantial account; for the journey which St. Paul took to Corinth, after he had written it, is mentioned by St. Luke only in a few words, (Ac. XX.2,3) We know, however, that St. Paul was there after he had written this Epistle; that the contributions for the poor brethern at Jerusalem were brought to him from different parts to that city (Ro XV.26;) and that, after remaining there several months, he sent salutations from some of the principal members of that church, by whom he must have been greatly respected, to the church of Rome (Ro. XVI.22,23) From this time we hear no more of the false teacher and his party; and when CLEMENT of Rome wrote his epsitle to the Corinthians, Paul was considered by them as a divine apostle, to whose authority he might appeal without fear of contradiction. The false teacher, therefore, must either have been silenced by St. Paul, by virtue of his apostolical powers, and by an act of severity which he had threatened, (2 Co. XIII.2,3;) or this adversary of the apostle had, at that time, voluntarily quitted the place. Whichever was the cause, the effect produced must operate as a confirmation of our faith, and as a proof of St. Paul's divine mission. Chapter 1 Preliminary Remarks 1,2 Paul salutes the Corinthians 3-7 he encourages them against troubles, by the comforts and deliverances which God had given him, as in all his afflictions, 8-11 so particularly in his late danger in Asia. 12-14 And calling both his own conscience and theirs to witness of his sincere manner of preaching the immutable truth of the gospel, 15-24 he excuses his not coming to this, as proceeding not of lightness, but of his lenity towards them Verse 1 2nd Corinthians 1:2 2nd Corinthians 1:3 2nd Corinthians 1:4 2nd Corinthians 1:5 2nd Corinthians 1:6 2nd Corinthians 1:7 2nd Corinthians 1:8 2nd Corinthians 1:9 2nd Corinthians 1:10 2nd Corinthians 1:11 2nd Corinthians 1:12 in Greek, and conversatio in Latin, are used to denote the whole of a man's conduct, the tenor and practice of his life 2nd Corinthians 1:13 2nd Corinthians 1:14 2nd Corinthians 1:15 2nd Corinthians 1:16 2nd Corinthians 1:17 2nd Corinthians 1:18 2nd Corinthians 1:19 2nd Corinthians 1:20 2nd Corinthians 1:21 2nd Corinthians 1:22 2nd Corinthians 1:23 2nd Corinthians 1:24 2nd Corinthians 2:1 1-5 Having shown the reason why he came not to them 6-9 he requires them to forgive and to comfort that excommunicated person 10-11 even as himself also upon his true repentance had forgiven hime 12,13 declaring withal why he departed from Troas to Macedonia 14-17 and the happy success which God gave to his preaching in all places 2nd Corinthians 2:2 2nd Corinthians 2:3 2 Corinthians 2:4 2nd Corinthians 2:5 2nd Corinthians 2:6 2nd Corinthians 2:7 2nd Corinthians 2:8 2nd Corinthians 2:9 2nd Corinthians 2:10 2nd Corinthains 2:11 2nd Corinthians 2:12 2nd Corinthians 2nd Corinthians 2:14 2nd Corinthians 2:15 2nd Corinthians 2:16 2nd Corinthians 2:17 2nd Corinthians 3:1 1-5 Lest their false teachers should charge him with vain glory he shows the faith and graces of the Corinthians to be a sufficient commendation of his ministry 6-11 Whereupon entering a comparison between the ministers of the law and of the gospel 12-18 he proves that his minstry is so far the more excellent, as the gospel of life and liberty is more glorious than the law of condemnation 2nd Corinthians 3:2 2nd Corinthians 3:3 2nd Corinthians 3:4 2nd Corinthians 3:5 2nd Corinthians 3:6 2nd Corinthians 3:7 2nd Corinthians 3:8 2nd Corinthians 3:9 2nd Corinthians 3:10 2nd Corinthians 3:11 2nd Corinthians 3:12 2nd Corinthians 3:13 2nd Corinthians 3:14 2nd Corinthians 3:15 2nd Corinthians 3:16 2nd Corinthians 3:17 2nd Corinthians 3:18 2nd Corinthians 4:1 1-6 He declares how he has used all sincerity and faithful diligence in preaching the gospel 7-11 and how the troubles and persecutions which he daily endured for the same did redound to the praise of God's power 12-15 the the benefit of the church 16-18 and to the apostle's own eternal glory 2nd Corinthians 4:2 2nd Corinthians 4:3 2nd Corinthians 4:4 2nd Corinthians 4:5 2nd Corinthians 4:6 2nd Corinthians 4:7 2co 3.5,6 12.7-9 13.4 1co 2.3-5 ep 1.19,20 2.5,8,9 col 2.12 1th 1.5 2nd Corinthians 4:8 2nd Corinthians 4:9 2nd Corinthians 4:10 2nd Corinthians 4:11 2nd Corinthians 4:12 2nd Corinthians 4:13 2nd Corinthians 4:14 2nd Corinthians 4:15 2nd Corinthians 4:16 2nd Corinthians 4:17 2nd Corinthians 4:18 2nd Corinthians 5:1 1-8 That in his assured hope of immortal glory 9-11 and in expectation of it, and of the general judgement, he labors to keep a good conscience 12-13 not that he may herein boast of himself 14-17 but as one that, having received life from Christ, endeavors to live as a new creature to Christ only 18-21 and by his ministry or reconciliation, to reconcile others also in Christ to God 2nd Corinthians 5:2 2nd Corinthians 5:3 2nd Corinthians 5:4 2nd Corinthians 5:5 2nd Corinthians 5:6 2nd Corinthians 5:7 2nd Corinthians 5:8 2nd Corinthians 5:10 2nd Corinthains 5:10 2nd Corinthians 5:11 2nd Corinthians 5:12 2nd Corinthians 5:13 2nd Corinthains 5:14 2nd Corinthians 5:15 2nd Corinthians 5:16 05750-891023-2215-2Co5.17 2nd Corinthians 5:17 2nd Corinthians 5:18 2nd Corinthians 5:19 2nd Corinthians 5:20 2nd Corinthians 5:22 2nd Corinthians 6:1 1,2 That he has approved himslef a faithful minister of Christ by his exhortations, 3 and by integrity of life 4-9 and by patient enduring all kinds of affliction and disgrace for the gospel 10-12 Of which he speaks the more boldly amongst them because his heart is open unto them 13 and he expects the like affection from them again 14-18 exhorting them to flee the society and pollutions of idolaters, as being themselves temples of the living God 2nd Corinthians 6:2 2nd Corinthians 6:3 2nd Corinthians 6:4 2nd Corinthians 6:5 2nd Corinthians 6.6 2nd Corinthians 6.7 2nd Corinthains 6:8 2nd Corinthians 6:9 2nd Corinthians 6:10 2nd Corinthians 6:11 2nd Corinthians 6:12 2nd Corinthians 6:13 2nd Corinthians 6:14 2nd Corinthians 6:15 2nd Corinthains 6:16 2nd Corinthians 6:17 2nd Corinthians 6:18 2nd Corinthians 7:1 1 He proceeds in exhorting them to purity of life 2 and to bear him like affection as he does to them. 3-12 Whereof lest he might seem to doubt, he declares what comfort he took in his afflictions by the report which Titus gave of their godly sorrow, which his former epsitle had wrought in them 13-16 and of their loving-kindness and obedience toward Titus, answerable to his former boastings of them 2nd Corinthains 7:2 2nd Corinthians 7:3 2nd Corinthians 7:4 2nd Corinthians 7:5 2nd Corinthians 7:6 2nd Corinthians 7:7 2nd Corinthians 7:8 2nd Corinthians 7:9 2nd Corinthians 7:10 of fortune, fame, or friends; which, being separated from the fear and love of God, and faith in his providence and mercy, frequently drinks up their spirits, breaks their proud, rebellious hearts, or drives them to lay desperate hands on themselves 2nd Corinthians 7:11 2nd Corinthians 7:12 2nd Corinthians 7:13 2nd Corinthians 7:14 2nd Corinthians 7:15 2nd Corinthians 7:16 2nd Corinthians 8:1 1-6 He stirs them up to a liberal contribution for the poor saints at Jerusalem, by the example of the Macedonians 7,8 by condemnation of their former forwardness 9-13 by the example of Christ 14,15 and by the spritual profit that shall redound to themselves thereby 16-24 commending to them the integrity and willingness of Titus, and those other brethern, who upon his request, exhortation, and commendation, were purposely come to them for this business. 2nd Corinthians 8:2 2nd Corinthians 8:3 2nd Corinthians 8:4 2nd Corinthians 8:5 2nd Corinthians 8:6 2nd Corinthians 8:7 2nd Corinthians 8:8 2nd Corinthians 8:9 2nd Corinthians 8:10 2nd Corinthians 8:11 05800-891025-2300-2Co8.12 2nd Corinthians 8:12 2nd Corinthians 8:13 2nd Corinthians 8:14 2nd Corinthians 8:15 2nd Corinthians 8:16 2nd Corinthians 8:17 2nd Corinthians 8:18 This is generally supposed to have been St. Luke, 'whose praise was in all the churches,' on account of the gospel which he had written, and for many zealous services in its cause. 2nd Corinthians 8:19 2nd Corinthians 8:20 2nd Corinthians 8:21 2nd Corinthians 8:22 2nd Corinthians 8:23 2nd Corinthians 8:24 2nd Corinthians 9:1 1-5 He yields the reason why, though he knew their forwardness, yet he sent Titus and his brethern beforehand, 6-9 And he proceeds in stirring them up to a bountiful alms, as being but a kind of sowing of seed, 10-12 which shall return a great increase to them 13-15 and occasion a great sacrifice of thanksgivings unto God 2nd Corinthians 9:2 2nd Corinthians 9:3 2nd Corinthians 9:4 2nd Corinthians 9:5 of before) 2nd Corinthians 9:6 2nd Corinthians 9:7 2nd Corinthians 9:8 2nd Corinthians 9:9 2nd Corinthians 9:10 2nd Corinthians 9:11 2nd Corinthains 9:12 2nd Corinthains 9:13 2nd Corinthians 9:14 2nd Corinthians 9:15 2nd Corinthians 10:1 1-6 Against the false apostles, who disgraced the weakness of his person and bodily presence, he shews the spiritual might and authority with which he was armed against all adverse powers, 7-11 assuring them that at his coming he will be found as mighty in word as he is now in writing, being absent 12-18 and withal taxing them for reaching out themselves beyond their compass, and vaunting themselves of other men's labors to his lowness of stature 2nd Corinthians 10:2 2nd Corinthians 10:3 2nd Corinthains 10:4 2nd Corinthians 10:5 2nd Corinthians 10:6 2nd Corinthians 10:7 2nd Corinthians 10:8 2nd Corinthians 10:9 2nd Corinthians 10:10 2nd Corinthians 10:11 2nd Corinthians 10:12 2nd Corinthians 10:13 2nd Corinthians 10:14 2nd Corinthains 10:15 2nd Corinthians 10:16 2nd Corinthians 10:17 2nd Corinthians 10:18 2nd Corinthians 11:1 1-4 Out of his jealousy over the Corinthians, who seemed to make more account of the false apostles than of him, he enters into a forced commendation of himself 5,6 of his equality with the chief apostles 7-12 of his preaching the gospel to them freely, and without any charge to them 13-22 shewing that he was inferior to those deceitful workers in any legal perogative, 23-33 and in the service of Christ, and in all kinds of sufferings for his ministry, far superior 2nd Corinthians 11:2 2nd Corinthians 11:3 2nd Corinthians 11:4 05850-891029-1627-2Co11.5 2nd Corinthians 11:5 2nd Corinthians 11:6 2nd Corinthians 11:7 2nd Corinthians 11:8 2nd Corinthians 11:9 2nd Corinthians 11:10 not be stopped in me.) 2nd Corinthians 11:11 2nd Corinthians 11:12 2nd Corinthians 11:13 2nd Corinthians 11:14 2nd Corinthians 11:15 2nd Corinthians 11:16 2nd Corinthians 11:17 2nd Corinthians 11:18 2nd Corinthians 11:19 2nd Corinthians 11:20 2nd Corinthains 11:21 2nd Corinthians 11:22 2nd Corinthians 11:23 2nd Corinthians 11:24 2nd Corinthians 11:25 2nd Corinthians 11:26 2nd Corinthians 11:27 2nd Corinthians 11:28 2nd Corinthians 11:29 2nd Corinthians 11:30 2nd Corinthians 11:31 2nd Corinthians 11:32 This Aretas was an Arabian king, and the father-in-law of Herod Antipas, upon whom he made ware in consequence of his having divorced his daughter. Herod applied to Tiberius for help, who sent Vitellius to reduce Aretas, and to bring him alive or dead to Rome. By some means or another Vitellius delayed his operations, and in the mean time Tiberius died; and it is probable that Aretas, who was thus snatched from ruin, availed himself of the favourable state of things, and seized on Damascus, which had belonged to his ancestors. 2nd Corinthians 11:33 2nd Corinthians 12:1 1-8 For commending of his apostleship, though he might glory of his wonderful revelations 9,10 yet he rather chooses to glory of his infirmities 11-13 blaming them for forcing him to this vain boasting 14-19 He promises to come to them again; but yet altogether in the affection of a father 20-21 although he fears he shall to his grief find many offenders, and public disorders there 2nd Corinthians 12:2 2nd Corinthians 12:3 2nd Corinthians 12:4 2nd Corinthians 12.5 2nd Corinthians 12:6 2nd Corinthians 12:7 2nd Corinthians 12.8 2nd Corinthians 12.9 2nd Corinthians 12:10 2nd Corinthians 12:11 2nd Corinthians 12:12 2nd Corinthians 12:13 2nd Corinthians 12:14 See the parallel passages.) 2nd Corinthians 12:15 2nd Corinthians 12:16 2nd Corinthians 12:17 2nd Corinthians 12:18 2nd Corinthians 12:19 2nd Corinthians 12:20 2nd Corinthians 12:21 05900-891029-1908-2Co13.1 2nd Corinthians 13:1 1-4 He threatens severity, and the power of his apostleship, against obstinate sinners. 5,6 And, advising them to a trial of their faith, 7-10 and to a reformation of their sins before his coming 11-14 he concludes his epistle with a general exhortation and a prayer. 2nd Corinthians 13:2 2nd Corinthians 13:3 2nd Corinthians 13:4 2nd Corinthians 13:5 2nd Corinthians 13:6 2nd Corinthians 13:7 2nd Corinthians 13:8 2nd Corinthians 13.9 2nd Corinthians 13:10 2nd Corinthians 13:11 2nd Corinthians 13:12 2nd Corinthians 13:13 2nd Corinthians 13:14 -Ga1.1 The Galatians, or Gallograecians, were the descendants of Gauls, who migrated from their own country, and after a series of disasters, got possession of a large district in Asia Minor, from them called Galatia. (Pausanias,Attic. c. iv.) They are mentioned by historians as a tall and valiant people, who went nearly naked, and used for arms only a buckler and sword; and the impetuosity of their attack os said to have been irresistible. Their religion, before their conversion, was extremely corrupt and superstitious: they are said to have worshipped the mother of the gods, under the name of Adgistis; and to have offered human sacrifices of the prisoners they took in war. Though they spoke the Greek language in common with almost all the inhabitants of Asia Minor, yet it appears from Jerome that they retained their original Gaulish language even as late as the fifth century. Christianity appears to have been first planted in these regions by St. Paul himself, (ch i.6;iv.13;) who visited the churches at least twice in that country,(Ac.xvi.6;xviii.23.) It is evident that this epistle was written soon after their reception of the gospel, as he complains of their speedy apostacy from his doctrine,(ch.i.6;) and as there is no notice of his second journey into that country, it has been supposed, with much probability, that it was written soon after his first, and consequently about A.D. 52 or 53. It appears that soon after the Apostle had left them, some Judaizing teachers intruded themselves into the churches; drawing them off from the true gospel, to depend on ceremonial observances, and to the vain endeavour of `establishing their own righteousness.' It was in order to oppose this false gospel that St. Paul addressed the Galatians, and after saluting the churches of Galatia, and establishing his apostolic commission against the attacks of the false teachers, he reproves them for departing from that gospel which he had preached to them, and confirmed by the gift of the Holy Ghost;- proves that justification is by faith alone, and not by the deeds of the law, from the example of Abraham, the testimony of Scripture, the curse of the law, the redemption of Christ, and the Abrahamic covenant, which the law could not disannul;- shews the use of the law in connection with the covenant of grace; concludes that all believers are delivered from the law, and made the spiritual seed of Abraham by faith in Christ; illustrates his inference by God's treatment of the Jewish church, which he put under the law, as a father puts a minor under a guardian; shews the weakness and folly of the Galatians in subjecting themselves to the law, and that by submitting themselves to circumcision they become subject to the whole law, and would forfeit the benefits of the covenant of grace; gives them various instructions and exhortations for their Christian conduct, and particularly concerning the right use of their Christian freedom; and concludes with a brief summary of the topics discussed, and by commending them to the grace of Christ. 1 He wonders that they have so soon left him and the gospel 8 and accurses those that preach any other gospel than he did 11 He learned the gospel not of men, but of God 14 and shews what he was before his calling 17 and what he did immediately after it -Ga1.2 -Ga1.3 -Ga1.4 -Ga1.5 -Ga1.6 -Ga1.7 -Ga1.8 -Ga1.9 -Ga1.10 -Ga1.11 -Ga1.12 -Ga1.13 -Ga1.14 -Ga1.15 -Ga1.16 -Ga1.17 -Ga1.18 -Ga1.19 -Ga1.20 -Ga1.21 -Ga1.22 -Ga1.23 -Ga1.24 -Ga2.1 1 He shows when he went up to Jerusalem, and for what purpose 3 and that Titus was not circumcised 11 and that he resisted Peter, and told hin the reason, 14 why he and others, being Jews, do believe in Christ to be justified by faith, and not by works, 20 and that they live not in sin, who are so justified -Ga2.2 -Ga2.3 -Ga2.4 -Ga2.5 -Ga2.6 -Ga2.7 -Ga2.8 -Ga2.9 -Ga2.10 -Ga2.11 -Ga2.12 -Ga2.13 -Ga2.14 -Ga2.15 -Ga2.16 -Ga2.17 -Ga2.18 -Ga2.19 -Ga2.20 -Ga2.21 -Ga3.1 1 He asks what moved them to leave the faith, and hang upon the law 6 They that believe are justified 9 and blessed with Abraham 10 And this he shows by many reasons -Ga3.2 -Ga3.3 -Ga3.4 -Ga3.5 -Ga3.6 -Ga3.7 -Ga3.8 -Ga3.9 -Ga3.10 -Ga3.11 -Ga3.12 -Ga3.13 -Ga3.14 -Ga3.15 -Ga3.16 -Ga3.17 -Ga3.18 -Ga3.19 The Apostle, having just before been speaking of the promise made to Abraham, and representing that as the rule of our justification, and not the law, lest they should think he derogated too much from the law, and thereby rendered it useless - he thence takes occasion to discourse of the design and tendency of the law, and to acquaint us with the purpose for which it was given. -Ga3.20 -Ga3.21 -Ga3.22 -Ga3.23 -Ga3.24 -Ga3.25 -Ga3.26 -Ga3.27 -Ga3.28 -Ga3.29 -Ga4.1 1 We were under the law till Christ came, as the heir is under the guardian till he be of age. 5 But Christ freed us from the law; 7 therefore we are servants no longer to it. 14 He remembers their good will to him, and his to them; 22 and shows that we are the sons of Abraham by the freewoman. -Ga4.3 -Ga4.4 -Ga4.5 -Ga4.6 -Ga4.7 -Ga4.8 -Ga4.9 -Ga4.10 -Ga4.11 -Ga4.12 06000-900104-0049 -Ga4.13 -Ga4.14 -Ga4.15 -Ga4.16 -Ga4.17 -Ga4.18 -Ga4.19 -Ga4.20 -Ga4.21 -Ga4.22 -Ga4.23 -Ga4.24 -Ga4.25 -Ga4.26 -Ga4.27 -Ga4.28 -Ga4.29 -Ga4.30 -Ga4.31 -Ga5.1 1 He wills them to stand in their liberty, 3 and not to observe circumcision; 13 but rather love, which is the sum of the law. 19 He reckons up the works of the flesh, 22 and the fruits of the Spirit, 25 and exhorts to walk in the Spirit. -Ga5.2 -Ga5.3 -Ga5.4 -Ga5.5 -Ga5.6 -Ga5.7 -Ga5.8 -Ga5.9 -Ga5.10 -Ga5.11 -Ga5.12 -Ga5.13 -Ga5.14 -Ga5.15 -Ga5.16 -Ga5.17 -Ga5.18 -Ga5.19 -Ga5.20 -Ga5.21 -Ga5.22 -Ga5.23 -Ga5.24 -Ga5.25 -Ga5.26 -Ga6.1 1 He moves them to deal mildly with a brother that has slipped, 2 and to bear one another's burden; 6 to be liberal to their teachers, 9 and not weary of well-doing. 12 He glories in nothing, save in the cross of Christ. -Ga6.2 -Ga6.3 -Ga6.4 -Ga6.5 06050-891229-1810 -Ga6.6 Galatians 6:6 -Ga6.7 Galatians 6:7 -Ga6.8 Galatians 6:8 -Ga6.9 Galatians 6:9 -Ga6.10 Galatians 6:10 -Ga6.11 Galatians 6:11 -Ga6.12 Galatians 6:12 -Ga6.13 Galatians 6:13 -Ga6.14 Galatians 6:14 -Ga6.15 Galatians 6:15 -Ga6.16 Galatians 6:16 -Ga6.17 Galatians 6:17 -Ga6.18 Galatians 6:18 -Eph1.1 Ephesians 1:1 3 and thanksgiving for the Ephesians 4,5 he treats of our election 6-10 and adoption by grace 11,12 which is the true and proper fountain of man's salvation 13-15 And because the height of this mystery cannot be easily attained unto 16-23 he prays that they may come to the full knowledge and possession thereof in Christ -Eph1.2 Ephesians 1:2 -Eph1.3 Ephesians 1:3 -Eph1.4 Ephesians 1:4 -Eph1.5 Ephesians 1:5 -Eph1.6 Ephesians 1:6 -Eph1.7 Ephesians 1:7 -Eph1.8 Ephesians 1:8 -Eph1.9 Ephesians 1:9 -Eph1.10 Ephesians 1:10 -Eph1.11 Ephesians 1:11 -Eph1.12 Ephesians 1:12 -Eph1.13 Ephesians 1:13 -Eph1.14 Ephesians 1:14 -Eph1.15 Ephesians 1:15 -Eph1.16 Ephesians 1:16 -Eph1.17 Ephesians 1:17 -Eph1.18 Ephesians 1:18 -Eph1.19 Ephesians 1:19 -Eph1.20 Ephesians 1:20 -Eph1.21 Ephesians 1:21 -Eph1.22 Ephesians 1:22 -Eph1.23 Ephesians 1:23 -Eph2.1 Ephesians 2:1 grace 10-22 he declares that we are made for good works: and being brought near by Christ, should not live as Gentiles and foreigners, as in time past, but as citizens with the saints, and the family of God -Eph2.2 Ephesians 2:2 -Eph2.3 Ephesians 2:3 -Eph2.4 Ephesians 2:4 -Eph2.5 Ephesians 2:5 -Eph2.6 Ephesians 2:6 -Eph2.7 Ephesians 2:7 -Eph2.8 Eohesians 2:8 -Eph2.9 Ephesians 2:9 -Eph2.10 Ephesians 2:10 -Eph2.11 Ephesians 2:11 -Eph2.12 Ephesians 2:12 -Eph2.13 Ephesians 2:13 -Eph2.14 Ephesians 2:14 06100-891230-1555 -Eph2.15 Ephesians 2:15 -Eph2.16 Ephesians 2:16 -Eph2.17 Ephesians 2:17 -Eph2.18 Ephesians 2:18 -Eph2.19 Ephesians 2:19 -Eph2.20 Ephesians 2:20 -Eph2.21 Ephesians 2:21 -Eph2.22 Ephesians 2:22 -Eph3.1 Ephesians 3:1 known to Paul by revelation 8-12 and to him was that grace given, that he should preach it 13 He desires them not to faint for his tribulation 14-21 and prays that they may perceive the great love of Christ toward them -Eph3.2 Ephesians 3:2 -Eph3.3 Ephesians 3:3 -Eph3.4 Epehisans 3:4 -Eph3.5 Ephesians 3:5 -Eph3.6 Ephesians 3:6 -Eph3.7 Ephesians 3:7 -Eph3.8 Ephesians 3:8 -Eph3.9 Ephesians 3:9 -Eph3.10 Ephesians 3:10 -Eph3.11 Ephesians 3:11 -Eph3.12 Ephesians 3:12 -Eph3.13 Ephesians 3:13 -Eph3.14 Ephesians 3:14 -Eph3.15 Ephesians 3:15 -Eph3.16 Ephesians 3.16 -Eph3.17 Ephesians 3:17 -Eph3.18 Ephesians 3:18 -Eph3.19 Ephesians 3:19 -Eph3.20 Ephesians 3:20 -Eph3.21 Ephesians 3:21 -Eph4.1 Ephesians 4:1 7-10 and declares that God gives divers gifts unto men 11-15 that his church might be edified 16,17 and grow up in Christ 18-23 He calls them from the impurity of the Gentiles 24 to put on the new man 25-28 to cast off lying 29-32 and corrupt communication -Eph4.2 Ephesians 4:2 -Eph4.3 Ephesians 4:3 -Eph4.4 Ephesians 4:4 -Eph4.5 Ephesians 4:5 -Eph4.6 Ephesians 4:6 -Eph4.7 Ephesians 4:7 -Eph4.8 Ephesians 4:8 -Eph4.9 Ephesians 4:9 -Eph4.10 Ephesians 4:10 -Eph4.11 Ephesians 4:11 -Eph4.12 Ephesians 4:12 -Eph4.13 Ephesians 4:13 -Eph4.14 Ephesians 4:14 -Eph4.15 Ephesians 4:15 -Eph4.16 Ephesians 4:16 -Eph4.17 Ephesians 4:17 -Eph4.18 Ephesians 4:18 -Eph4.19 Ephesians 4:19 -Eph4.20 Ephesians 4:20 -Eph4.21 Ephesians 4:21 06150-891230-2321 -Eph4.22 Ephesians 4:22 -Eph4.23 Ephesians 4:23 -Eph4.24 Ephesians 4:24 -Eph4.25 Ephesians 4:25 -Eph4.26 Ephesians 4:26 -Eph4.27 Ephesians 4:27 -Eph4.28 Ephesians 4:28 -Eph4.29 Ephesians 4:29 -Eph4.30 Ephesians 4:30 -Eph4.31 Ephesians 4:31 -Eph4.32 Ephesians 4:32 -Eph5.1 Ephesians 5:1 3 to flee fornication 4-6 and all uncleanness 7-14 not to converse with the wicked 15-17 to walk warily 18-21 and to be filled with the Spirit 22-24 he descends to the particular duties, how wives ought to obey their husbands 25-31 and husbands ought to love their wives 32,33 even as Christ does his church -Eph5.2 Ephesians 5:2 -Eph5.3 Ephesians 5:3 -Eph5.4 Ephesians 5:4 -Eph5.5 Ephesians 5:5 -Eph5.6 Ephesians 5:6 -Eph5.7 Ephesians 5:7 -Eph5.8 Ephesians 5:8 -Eph5.9 Ephesians 5:9 -Eph5.10 Ephesians 5:10 -Eph5.11 Ephesians 5:11 -Eph5.12 Ephesians 5:12 -Eph5.13 Ephesians 5:13 -Eph5.14 Ephesians 5:14 -Eph5.15 Ephesians 5:15 -Eph5.16 Ephesians 5:16 -Eph5.17 Ephesians 5:17 -Eph5.18 Ephesians 5:18 -Eph5.19 Ephesians 5:19 instrument, properly denotes such sacred songs or poems as are sung to stringed instruments, and may here refer to those of David; [] from [] to sing, celebrate, praise, signifies songs in honour of God; and songs [] from [] to sing, denotes any regular poetic composition adapted to singing, and is here restricted to those which are spiritual. -Eph5.20 Ephesians 5:20 -Eph5.21 Ephesians 5:21 -Eph5.22 Ephesians 5:22 -Eph5.23 Ephesians 5:23 -Eph5.24 Ephesians 5:24 -Eph5.25 Ephesians 5:25 -Eph5.26 Ephesians 5:26 -Eph5.27 Ephesians 5:27 -Eph5.28 Ephesians 5:28 -Eph5.29 Ephesians 5:29 -Eph5.30 Ephesians 5:30 -Eph5.31 Ephesians 5:31 -Eph5.32 Ephesians 5:32 -Eph5.33 Ephesians 5:33 -Eph6.1 Ephesians 6:1 5-9 of servants towards their masters 10-12 Our life is a warfare, not only against flesh and blood, but also spiritual enemies 13-17 The complete armour of a Christian 18-20 and how it ought to be used 21-24 Tychius is commended -Eph6.2 Ephesians 6:2 -Eph6.3 Ephesians 6:3 -Eph6.4 Ephesians 6:4 -Eph6.5 Ephesians 6:5 -Eph6.6 Ephesians 6:6 06200-891231-1739 -Eph6.7 Ephesians 6:7 -Eph6.8 Ephesians 6:8 -Eph6.9 Ephesians 6:9 -Eph6.10 Ephesians 6:10 -Eph6.11 Ephesians 6:11 -Eph6.12 Ephesians 6:12 -Eph6.13 Ephesians 6:13 defensive, from [], all, and [], armour -Eph6.14 Ephesians 6:14 The [], or breastplate, consisted of two parts; one of which covered the whole region of the thorax or breast, and the other the back, as far down as the front part extended. -Eph6.15 Ephesians 6.15 -Eph6.16 Ephesians 6:16 door,[], made of wood and coveredwith hides. -Eph6.17 Ephesians 6:17 -Eph6.18 Ephesians 6:18 -Eph6.19 Ephesians 6:19 -Eph6.20 Ephesians 6:20 -Eph6.21 Ephesians 6:21 -Eph6.22 Ephesians 6:22 -Eph6.23 Ephesians 6:23 -Eph6.24 Ephesians 6:24 -Php1.1 Philippians 1:2 CONCLUDING REMARKS ON THE EPISTLE TO THE PHILIPPIANS The Church at Philippi in Macedonia was planted by the apostle Paul about A.D. 53, (Ac xvi. 9-40) and it appears he visited them again, A>D> 60, though no particulars are recorded concerning that visit (Ac xx.6) The Philippians were greatly attached to St. Paul, and testified their affection by sending him supplies, even when labouring for other churches, (ch iv. 15,16; 2Co xi. 9;) and when they heard that he was under confinement at Rome, they sent Epaproditus, one of their pastors, to him with a present, lest he should want necessaries during his imprisonment, (ch 11.25; iv 10, 14-18) The more immediate occasion of the Epistle was the return of Epaphrodites, by whom the apostle sent it as a grateful acknowledgement of their kindness; which occured towards the close of his first imprisonment, about the end of A.D. 62, or the commencement of 63. them, for the fruits of their faith, and fellowship in his sufferings 9-11 daily praying to him for their increase in grace 12-20 he shews what good the faith of Christ had received by his troubles at Rome 21-26 and how ready he is to glorify Christ either by his life or death 27 exhorting them to unity 28-30 and to fortitude in persecution -Php1.2 Philippians 1:2 -Php1.3 Philippians 1:3 -Php1.4 Philippians 1:4 -Php1.5 Philippians 1:5 -Php1.6 Philippians 1:6 -Php1.7 Philippians 1:7 -Php1.8 Philippians 1:8 -Php1.9 Philippians 1:9 -Php1.10 Philippians 1:10 -Php1.11 Philippians 1:11 -Php1.12 Philippians 1:12 -Php1.13 Philippians 1:13 -Php1.14 Philippians 1:14 -Php1.15 Philippians 1:15 -Php1.16 Philippians 1:16 -Php1.17 Philippians 1:17 -Php1.18 Philippians 1:18 -Php1.19 Philippians 1:19 -Php1.20 Philippians 1:20 -Php1.21 Philippians 1:21 -Php1.22 Philippians 1:22 -Php1.23 Philippians 1:23 -Php1.24 Philippians 1:24 -Php1.25 Philippians 1:25 -Php1.26 Philippians 1:26 -Php1.27 Philippians 1:27 -Php1.28 Philippians 1:28 -Php1.29 Philippians 1:29 -Php1.30 Philippians 1:30 -Php2.1 Philippians 2:1 by the example of Christ's humility and exaltation 12-15 to a careful proceeding in the way of salvation, that they be as lights to the wicked world 16-18 and comforts to him their apostle, who is now ready to be offered up to God 19-30 He hopes to send Timothy to them, and Epaphroditus also -Php2.2 Philippians 2:2 06250-891231-2355 -Php2.3 Philippians 2:3 -Php2.4 Philippians 2:4 -Php2.5 Philippians 2:5 -Php2.6 Philippians 2:6 -Php2.7 Philippians 2:7 -Php2.8 Philippians 2:8 -Php2.9 Philippians 2:9 -Php2.10 Philippians 2:10 -Php2.11 Philippians 2:11 -Php2.12 Philippians 2:12 -Php2.13 Philippians 2:13 -Php2.14 Philippians 2.14 -Php2.15 Philippians 2:15 -Php2.16 Philippians 2:16 -Php2.17 Philippians 2:17 -Php2.18 Philippians 2:18 -Php2.19 Philippians 2:19 -Php2.20 Philippians 2:20 -Php2.21 Philippians 2:21 -Php2.22 Philippians 2:22 -Php2.23 Philippians 2:23 -Php2.24 Philippians 2.24 -Php2.25 Philippians 2:25 -Php2.26 Philippians 2:26 -Php2.27 Philippians 2:27 -Php2.28 Philippians 2:28 -Php2.29 Philippians 2:29 -Php2.30 Philippians 2:30 -Php3.1 Philippians 3:1 circumcison 4-6 shewing that himself has greater cause than they to trust in the righteousness of the law 7-11 which notwithstanding he counts as dung and loss, to gain Christ and his righteousness 12-14 therein acknowledging his own imperfection 15,16 He exhorts them to be thus minded 17 and to imitate him 18-21 and to decline the ways of carnal Christians -Php3.2 Philippians 3:2 -Php3.3 Philippians 3:3 -Php3.4 Philippians 3:4 -Php3.5 Philippians 3:5 -Php3.6 Philippians 3:6 -Php3.7 Philippians 3:7 -Php3.8 Philippians 3:8 -Php3.9 Philippians 3.9 -Php3.10 Philippians 3:10 -Php3.11 Philippians 3:11 -Php3.12 Philippians 3:12 -Php3.13 Philippians 3:13 -Php3.14 Philippians 3:14 -Php3.15 Philippians 3:15 -Php3.16 Philippians 3:16 -Php3.17 Philippians 3.17 -Php3.18 Philippians 3:18 -Php3.19 Philippians 3:19 -Php3.20 Philippians 3:20 -Php3.21 Philippians 3:21 -Php4.1 Philippians 4:1 4-9 he proceeds to general exhortations 10-18 shewing how he rejoiced at the liberality towards him lying in prison, not so much for for the supply of his own wants as for the grace of God in them 19-23 And so he concludes with prayer and salutations 06300-900101-1252 -Php4.2 Philippians 4:2 -Php4.3 Philippians 4:3 -Php4.4 Philippians 4:4 -Php4.5 Philippians 4:5 -Php4.6 Philippians 4:6 -Php4.7 Philippians 4:7 -Php4.8 Philippians 4:8 -Php4.9 Philippians 4:9 -Php4.10 Philippians 4:10 -Php4.11 Philippians 4.11 -Php4.12 Philippians 4:12 -Php4.13 Philippians 4:13 -Php4.14 Philippians 4:14 -Php4.15 Philippians 4:15 -Php4.16 Philippians 4:16 -Php4.17 Philippians 4:17 -Php4.18 Philippians 4:18 -Php4.19 Philippians 4:19 -Php4.20 Philippians 4:20 -Php4.21 Philippians 4:21 -Php4.22 Philippians 4:22 emperor of Rome; but it is not improbable that the empress Poppaea was favourably inclined to Christianity, as JOSEPHUS relates that [] `she was a worshipper of the true God.' Jerome states, (in Philem.) that St. Paul had converted many in Cesar's family; for `being by the emperor cast into prison, he became more known to his family, and turned the house of Christ's persecution into a church.' -Php4.23 Philippians 4:23 -Col1.1 1 After salutation Paul thanks God for their faith 7 Confirms the doctrine of Epaphras 9 Prays further for their increase in grace 14 Describes the true Christ 21 Encourages them to receive Jesus Christ and commends his own ministry Concluding Remarks on the Epistle to the Colossians Colosse was a large and populous city of Phrygia Pacatiana, in Asia Minor, seated on an eminence to the south of the river Meander. It is supposed to have occupied a site now covered with ruins, near the village of Konous or Khonas, and about twenty miles N.W. of Degnizlu. By whom, or at what time, the church at Colosse was founded is wholly uncertain; but it would appear from the apostle's declaration, ch. 2.1, that he was not the honoured instrument. It appears from the tenor of this epistle to have been, upon the whole, in a very flourishing state; but some difficulties having arisen among them, they sent Epaphras to Rome, where the apostle was now imprisoned, to acquaint him with the state of their affairs. It is remarkable for a peculiar pathos and ardour, which is generally ascribed to the extraordinary divine consolations enjoyed by the apostle during his sufferings for the sake of Christ. Whoever, says Michaelis, would understand the Epistles to the Ephesians and Colossians, must read them together. The one is in most places a commentary on the other; the meaning of single passages in one epistle, which, if considered alone, might be variously interpreted, being determined by the parallel passages in the other epistle. -Col1.2 -Col1.3 -Col1.4 -Col1.5 -Col1.6 -Col1.7 -Col1.8 -Col1.9 -Col1.10 -Col1.11 -Col1.12 -Col1.13 -Col1.14 -Col1.15 -Col1.16 -Col1.17 -Col1.18 -Col1.19 -Col1.20 -Col1.21 -Col1.22 -Col1.23 -Col1.24 -Col1.25 -Col1.26 -Col1.27 -Col1.28 06350-891010-0727 -Col1.29 -Col2.1 1 Paul still exhorts them to be constant in Christ 8 To beware of philosophy, and vain traditions 18 worshipping of angels 20 Legal ceremonies, which are ended in Christ -Col2.2 -Col2.3 -Col2.4 -Col2.5 -Col2.6 -Col2.7 -Col2.8 -Col2.9 -Col2.10 -Col2.11 -Col2.12 -Col2.13 -Col2.14 -Col2.15 -Col2.16 -Col2.17 -Col2.18 -Col2.19 -Col2.20 -Col2.21 -Col2.22 -Col2.23 -Col3.1 1 He shows where we should seek Christ 5 He exhorts to mortificatiion 10 To put of the old man and put on Christ 12 Exorting to charity, humility, and other several duties -Col3.2 -Col3.3 -Col3.4 -Col3.5 -Col3.6 -Col3.7 -Col3.8 -Col3.9 -Col3.10 -Col3.11 -Col3.12 -Col3.13 -Col3.14 -Col3.15 -Col3.16 -Col3.17 -Col3.18 -Col3.19 -Col3.20 -Col3.21 -Col3.22 -Col3.23 -Col3.24 -Col3.25 -Col4.1 01 He exhorts them to be fervent in prayer 05 to walk wisely toward them that are not yet come to the true knowledge of Christ 10 He salutes them, and wishes them all prosperity -Col4.2 -Col4.3 to any business or occasion or opportunity of doing any thing; and consequently a door of utterance is an opportunity of preaching the gospel sucessfully -Col4.4 -Col4.5 -Col4.6 -Col4.7 -Col4.8 -Col4.9 -Col4.10 -Col4.11 -Col4.12 -Col4.13 Minor, between which, and equidistant from each, was situated Colosse. Laodicea was seated near the Lycus, about 63 miles east of Ephesus; and became one of the largest and richest towns in Phrygia, vying in power with the maritime cities. It is now called Eski-hissar, the old castle; and besides the whole surface within the city's wall being strewed with pedestals and fragments, the ruins of an amphitheatre, a magnificent odeum, and other public buildings, attest its former splendour and magnificence. But, when visited by Dr. Chandler, all was silence and solitude; and a fox, first discovered by his ears peeping over a brow, was the only inhabitant of Laodicea. Hierapolis, now Pambouk -Kaiesi, was situated, according to the Itinerary, six miles N. of Laodicea; and its ruins are now about a mile and a half in circumference. -Col4.14 -Col4.15 -Col4.16 -Col4.17 -Col4.18 election 06450-891012-1826-1Th3.4 1th 4.15 2pe 3.4-8 1 Paul craves their prayers for himself 3 Testifies what confidence he has in them 5 makes requests to God on their behalf 6 gives them divers precepts, especially to shun idleness, and ill company 16 and then concludes with prayer and salutation 06550-900202-0833-2Th3.16 1st Timothy 1:1 CONCLUDING REMARKS ON THE FIRST EPISTLE TO TIMOTHY This Epistle bears the impress of it genuiness and authenticity, which are corroborated by the most decisive external evidence; and its Divine inspiration is attested by the exact accomplishment of the prediction which it contains respecting the the apostacy in the latter days. This prophecy is similar in the general subject to that in the second Epistle to the Thessalonians, though it differs in the particular circumstances; and exactly corresponds with that of the prophet Daniel on the same subject, (Da. xi. 38.) This important prediction might be more correctly rendered, `Now the Spirit speaketh expressly, that in the latter times some shall apostasize from the faith, giving heed to erroneous spirits, and doctrines concerning demons, through the hypocrisy of liars, having their consciences seared with a hot iron, forbidding to marry, and commanding to abstain from meats,' etc. How applicable these particulars are to the corruptions of the Church of Rome need scarcely be insisted on. The worship of saints in that church is essentially the same with the worship of demons among the heathen; which has been established in the world by books forged in the name of the Apostles and saints, by lying legends of their lives, by false miracles ascribed to their relics, and by fabulous dreams and relations; while celibacy was enjoined and practised under pretense of chastity, and abstinence under pretence of devotion. None but the SPIRIT OF GOD could foresee and foretell these remarkable events. him by Paul at his going to Macedonia 5-10 Of the right use and end of the law 11-19 Of Saint Paul's calling to be an apostle 20 and Hymeneus and Alexander 1st Timothy 1:2 1st Timothy 1:3 1st Timothy 1:4 1st Timothy 1:5 1st Timothy 1:6 1st Timothy 1:7 1st Timothy 1:8 1st Timothy 1.9 1st Timothy 1:10 1st Timothy 1:11 1st Timothy 1:12 1st Timothy 1:13 1st Timothy 1:14 1st Timothy 1:15 1st Timothy 1:16 1st Timothy 1:17 1st Timothy 1:18 1st Timothy 1:19 1st Timothy 1:20 1st Timothy 2:1 reason why. 9-11 How women should be attired, 12-14 They are not permitted to teach 15 They shall be saved, notwithstanding the testimonies of God's wrath, in childbirth, if they continue in faith 1st Timothy 2:2 1st Timothy 2:3 1st Timothy 2:4 1st Timothy 2:5 1st Timothy 2:6 1st Timothy 2.7 1st Timothy 2:8 1st Timothy 2:9 1st Timothy 2:10 1st Timothy 2:11 1st Timothy 2:12 1st Timothy 2:13 1st Timothy 2:14 1st Timothy 2:15 1st Timothy 3:1 14 and to what end Saint Paul wrote to Timothy of these things 15,16 Of the church, and the plessed truth therein taught and professed 1st Timothy 3:2 1st Timothy 3:3 one in wine 1st Timothy 3:4 1st Timothy 3:5 1st Timothy 3:6 1st Timothy 3:7 1st Timothy 3:8 1st Timothy 3:9 1st Timothy 3:10 1st Timothy 3:11 1st Timothy 3:12 06600-900101-2144-1Ti3.13 1st Timothy 3:13 1st Timothy 3:14 1st Timothy 3:15 1st Timothy 3:16 1st Timothy 4:1 departure from the faith 6-16 And to the end that Timothy might not fail in doing his duty he furnishes him with divers precepts, belonging thereto 1st Timothy 4:2 1st Timothy 4:3 1st Timothy 4:4 1st Timothy 4:5 1st Timothy 4:6 1st Timothy 4:7 1st Timothy 4:8 1st Timothy 4:9 1st Timothy 4:10 1st Timothy 4:11 1st Timothy 4:12 1st Timothy 4:13 1st Timothy 4:14 1st Timothy 4:15 1st Timothy 4:16 1st Timothy 5:1 3-16 Of widows 17-22 Of elders 23 A precept for Timothy's health 24,25 Some men's sins go before unto judgment, and some men's follow after, 1st Timothy 5:2 1st Timothy 5:3 1st Timothy 5:4 1st Timothy 5:5 1st Timothy 5:6 1st Timothy 5:7 1 Timothy 5:8 1st Timothy 5:9 1st Timothy 5:10 1st Timothy 5:11 1st Timothy 5:12 1st Timothy 5:13 1st Timothy 5:14 1st Timothy 5:15 1st Timothy 5:16 1st Timothy 5:17 1st Timothy 5:18 1st Timothy 5:19 1st Timothy 5:20 1st Timothy 5:21 1st Timothy 5:22 1st Timothy 5:23 1st Timothy 5:24 1st Timothy 5:25 1st Timothy 6:1 3-5 Not to have fellowship with newfangled teachers 6-9 Godliness is great gain 10 and love of money the root of all evil 11-16 What Timothy is to fly, and what to follow 17-19 and whereof to admonish the rich 20,21 To keep the purity of true doctrine, and to avoid profane janglings 1st Timothy 6:2 1st Timothy 6:3 1st Timothy 6:4 1st Timothy 6:5 06650-900103-1745-1Ti6.6 1ST Timothy 6:6 1st Timothy 6:7 1st Timothy 6:8 1st Timothy 6:9 1st Timothy 6:10 1st Timothy 6:11 1st Timothy 6:12 1st Timothy 6:13 1st Timothy 6:14 1st Timothy 6:15 1st Timothy 6:16 1st Timothy 6:17 1st Timothy 6:18 1st Timothy 6:19 1st Timothy 6:20 1st Timothy 6:21 2nd Timothy 1:1 Timothy himself, his mother, and grandmother 6,7 He is exhorted to stir up the gift of God which was in him 8-12 to be stedfast and patient in persecution 13,14 and to persist in the form and truth of that doctrine which he had learned of him 15-18 Phygellus and Hermogenes, and such like, are noted, and Onesiphorus is highly commended 2nd Timothy 1:2 2nd Timothy 1:3 2nd Timothy 1:4 2nd Timothy 1:5 2nd Timothy 1:6 2nd Timothy 1:7 2nd Timothy 1:8 2nd Timothy 1:9 2nd Timothy 1:10 2nd Timothy 1.11 2nd Timothy 1.12 2nd Timothy 1:13 2nd Timothy 1:14 2nd Timothy 1:15 2nd Timothy 1:16 2nd Timothy 1:17 2nd Timothy 1:18 2nd Timothy 2:1 to do the duty of a faithful servant of the the Lord in dividing the word aright, and staying profane and vain babblings 17,18 Of Hymeneus and Philetus 19-21 The foundation of the Lord is sure 22-26 He is taught whereof to beware, and what to follow after, and in what to follow after, and in what manner the servant of the Lord ought to behave himself 2nd Timothy 2:2 2nd Timothy 2:3 2nd Timothy 2:4 2nd Timothy 2:5 2nd Timothy 2:6 labouring first, must be partaker of the fruits 2nd Timothy 2:7 2nd Timothy 2:8 2nd Timothy 2:9 2nd Timothy 2:10 2nd Timothy 2:11 2nd Timothy 2:12 2nd Timothy 2:13 2nd Timothy 2:14 2nd Timothy 2:15 2nd Timothy 2:16 06700-900104-2316-2Ti2.17 2nd Timothy 2:17 2nd Timothy 2:18 2nd Timothy 2:19 2nd Timothy 2:20 2nd Timothy 2:21 2nd Timothy 2:22 2nd Timothy 2:23 2nd Timothy 2:24 2ti 2:25 2nd Timothy 2:26 2nd Timothy 3:1 6-9 describes the enemies of the truth 10-15 expounds unto him his own example 16,17 and commends the holy scriptures 2nd Timothy 3:2 2nd Timothy 3:3 2nd Timothy 3:4 2nd Timothy 3:5 2nd Timothy 3:6 2nd Timothy 3:7 2nd Timothy 3:8 2nd Timothy 3:9 2nd Timothy 3:10 2nd Timothy 3:11 2nd Timothy 3:12 2nd Timothy 3:13 2nd Timothy 3:14 2nd Timothy 3:15 2nd Timothy 3:16 2nd Timothy 3:17 2nd Timothy 4:1 6-8 certifies him of the nearness of his death 9-13 wills him to come speedily unto him, and to bring Marcus with him, and certains things which he wrote for 14,15 warns him to beware of Alexander the smith 16-18 informs him what had befallen him at his first answering 19-22 and soon after he concludes 2nd Timothy 4:2 2nd Timothy 4:3 2nd Timothy 4:4 2nd Timothy 4:5 2nd Timothy 4:6 2nd Timothy 4:7 2nd Timothy 4:8 2nd Timothy 4:9 2nd Timothy 4:10 2nd Timothy 4:11 2nd Timothy 4:12 2nd Timothy 4:13 2nd Timothy 4:14 2nd Timothy 4:15 2nd Timothy 4:16 2nd Timothy 4:17 2nd Timothy 4:18 2nd Timothy 4:19 2nd Timothy 4:20 2nd Timothy 4:21 2nd Timothy 4:22 -Tit1.1 Titus 1:1 6-10 How they that are to be chosen ministers ought to be qualified 11 The mouths of evil teachers to be stopped 12-16 and what manner of men they be 06750-891211-1803 -Tit1.2 -Tit1.3 -Tit1.4 -Tit1.5 -Tit1.6 -Tit1.7 -Tit1.8 -Tit1.9 -Tit1.10 -Tit1.11 -Tit1.12 -Tit1.13 -Tit1.14 -Tit1.15 -Tit1.16 -Tit2.1 1 Direction given to Titus both for his doctrine and his life 10 Of the duty of servants, and in general of all Christians -Tit2.2 -Tit2.3 -Tit2.4 -Tit2.5 -Tit2.6 -Tit2.7 -Tit2.8 -Tit2.9 -Tit2.10 -Tit2.11 -Tit2.12 -Tit2.13 -Tit2.14 -Tit2.15 -Tit3.1 1 Titus is further directed by Paul concerning things that he 5 should and should not teach 10 He is to reject obstinate heretics 12 Tells Titus when and where to meet him -Tit3.2 -Tit3.3 -Tit3.4 -Tit3.5 -Tit3.6 -Tit3.7 -Tit3.8 -Tit3.9 -Tit3.10 -Tit3.11 -Tit3.12 -Tit3.13 -Tit3.14 -Tit3.15 -Phm1.1 -Phm1.2 -Phm1.3 -Phm1.4 -Phm1.5 -Phm1.6 Philemon 1:6 -Phm1.7 Philemon 1:7 -Phm1.8 Philemon 1:8 -Phm1.9 Philemon 1:9 -Phm1.10 Philemon 1:10 -Phm1.11 Philemon 1:11 -Phm1.12 Philemon 1:12 -Phm1.13 Philemon 1:13 -Phm1.14 Philemon 1:14 -Phm1.15 Philemon 1:15 -Phm1.16 Philemon 1:16 -Phm1.17 Philemon 1:17 -Phm1.18 Philemon 1:18 -Phm1.19 Philemon 1:19 -Phm1.20 Philemon 1:20 -Phm1.21 Philemon 1:21 -Phm1.22 Philemon 1:22 -Phm1.23 Philemon 1:23 -Phm1.24 Philemon 1:24 -Phm1.25 Philemon 1:25 -Heb1.1 Hebrews 1:1 4-14 is preferrred above the angles, both in person and office -Heb1.2 Hebrews 1:2 -Heb1.3 Hebrews 1:3 -Heb1.4 Hebrews 1:4 -Heb1.5 Hebrews 1:5 -Heb1.6 Hebrews 1:6 -Heb1.7 Hebrews 1:7 -Heb1.8 Hebrews 1:8 -Heb1.9 Hebrews 1:9 -Heb1.10 Hebrews 1:10 -Heb1.11 Hebrews 1:11 -Heb1.12 Hebrews 1:12 -Heb1.13 Hebrews 1:13 -Heb1.14 Hebrews 1:14 -Heb2.1 Hebrews 2:1 5-13 and that because he vouchsafed to take our nature upon him 14-18 as it was necessary -Heb2.2 Hebrews 2:2 -Heb2.3 Hebrews 2:3 -Heb2.4 Hebrews 2:4 -Heb2.5 Hebrews 2:5 -Heb2.6 Hebrews 2:6 -Heb2.7 Hebrews 2:7 -Heb2.8 Hebrews 2:8 -Heb2.9 Hebrews 2:9 -Heb2.10 Hebrews 2:10 -Heb2.11 Hebrews 2:11 -Heb2.12 Hebrews 2:12 -Heb2.13 Hebrews 2:13 -Heb2.14 Hebrews 2:14 -Heb2.15 Hebrews 2:15 -Heb2.16 Hebrews 2:16 Abraham he taketh hold. 06850-891225-1614 -Heb2.17 Hebrews 2:17 -Heb2.18 Hebrews 2:18 -Heb3.1 Hebrews 3:1 7-19 therefore if we believe not in him, we shall be more worthy of punishment that hardhearted Israel -Heb3.2 Hebrews 3:2 -Heb3.3 Hebrews 3:3 -Heb3.4 Hebrews 3:4 -Heb3.5 Hebrews 3:5 -Heb3.6 Hebrews 3:6 -Heb3.7 Hebrews 3.7 -Heb3.8 Hebrews 3:8 -Heb3.9 Hebrews 3:9 -Heb3.10 Hebrews 3:10 -Heb3.11 Hebrews 3:11 -Heb3.12 Hebrews 3:12 -Heb3.13 Hebrews 3:13 -Heb3.14 Hebrews 3:14 -Heb3.15 Hebrews 3:15 -Heb3.16 Hebrews 3:16 -Heb3.17 Hebrews 3:17 -Heb3.18 Hebrews 3:18 -Heb3.19 Hebrews 3:19 -Heb4.1 Hebrews 4:1 12,13 The power of God's word 14,15 By our high priest Jesus, the Son of God 16 we may and must go boldly to the throne of grace -Heb4.2 Hebrews 4:2 -Heb4.3 Hebrews 4:3 -Heb4.4 Hebrews 4:4 -Heb4.5 Hebrews 4:5 -Heb4.6 Hebrews 4:6 -Heb4.7 Hebrews 4:7 -Heb4.8 Hebrews 4:8 -Heb4.9 Hebrews 4:9 -Heb4.10 Hebrews 4:10 -Heb4.11 Hebrews 4:11 -Heb4.12 Hebrews 4:12 -Heb4.13 Hebrews 4:13 -Heb4.14 Hebrews 4:14 -Heb4.15 Hebrews 4:15 -Heb4.16 Hebrews 4:16 -Heb5.1 Hebrews 5:1 11-14 Negligence in the knowledge thereof is reproved -Heb5.2 Hebrews 5:2 -Heb5.3 Hebrews 5:3 -Heb5.4 Hebrews 5:4 -Heb5.5 Hebrews 5:5 -Heb5.6 Hebrews 5:6 -Heb5.7 Hebrews 5:7 -Heb5.8 Hebrews 5:8 -Heb5.9 Hebrews 5:9 -Heb5.10 Hebrews 5:10 -Heb5.11 Hebrews 5:11 -Heb5.12 Hebrews 5:12 -Heb5.13 Hebrews 5:13 06900-891225-1832 -Heb5.14 Hebrews 5:14 -Heb6.1 Hebrews 6:1 11 but to be stedfast 12 diligent, and patient to wait upon God 13-20 because God is most sure in his promise -Heb6.2 Hebrews 6:2 -Heb6.3 Hebrews 6:3 -Heb6.4 Hebrews 6:4 -Heb6.5 Hebrews 6:5 -Heb6.6 Hebrews 6:6 -Heb6.7 Hebrews 6:7 -Heb6.8 Hebrews 6:8 -Heb6.9 Hebrews 6:9 -Heb6.10 Hebrews 6:10 -Heb6.11 Hebrews 6:11 -Heb6.12 Hebrews 6:12 -Heb6.13 Hebrews 6:13 -Heb6.14 Hebrews 6:14 -Heb6.15 Hebrews 6:15 -Heb6.16 Hebrews 6:16 -Heb6.17 Hebrews 6:17 -Heb6.18 Hebrews 6:18 -Heb6.19 Hebrews 6:19 -Heb6.20 Hebrews 6:20 -Heb7.1 Hebrews 7:1 11-28 and so far more excellent than the priests of Aaron's order -Heb7.2 Hebrews 7:2 -Heb7.3 Hebrews 7:3 mother are not inscribed among the geneologies; and therefore it was not known who he was. -Heb7.4 Hebrews 7:4 -Heb7.5 Hebrews 7:5 -Heb7.6 Hebrews 7:6 -Heb7.7 Hebrews 7:7 -Heb7.8 Hebrews 7:8 -Heb7.9 Hebrews 7:9 -Heb7.10 Hebrews 7:10 -Heb7.11 Hebrews 7:11 God -Heb7.12 Hebrews 7:12 -Heb7.13 Hebrews 7:13 -Heb7.14 Hebrews 7:14 -Heb7.15 Hebrews 7:15 -Heb7.16 Hebrews 7:16 -Heb7.17 Hebrews 7:17 -Heb7.18 Hebrews 7:18 -Heb7.19 Hebrews 7:19 completion. the bringing in. or, it was the bringing in -Heb7.20 Hebrews 7:20 -Heb7.21 Hebrews 7:21 -Heb7.22 Hebrews 7:22 -Heb7.23 Hebrews 7:23 -Heb7.24 Hebrews 7:24 `a priesthood that passeth not away from him.' from one to another -Heb7.25 Hebrews 7:25 -Heb7.26 Hebrews 7:26 -Heb7.27 Hebrews 7:27 -Heb7.28 Hebrews 7:28 -Heb8.1 Hebrews 8:1 of Aaron is abolished 7-13 and the temporal covenant with the fathers, by the eternal covenant of the Gospel by profane writers. 06950-891225-2110 -Heb8.2 Hebrews 8:2 -Heb8.3 Hebrews 8:3 -Heb8.4 Hebrews 8:4 as freewill offerings. -Heb8.5 Hebrews 8:5 renders. -Heb8.6 Hebrews 8:6 -Heb8.7 Hebrews 8:7 -Heb8.8 Hebrews 8:8 -Heb8.9 Hebrews 8:9 -Heb8.10 Hebrews 8:10 -Heb8.11 Hebrews 8:11 -Heb8.12 Hebrews 8:12 -Heb8.13 Hebrews 8:13 -Heb9.1 Hebrews 9:1 11-28 which are far inferior to the dignity and perfection of the blood and sacrifice of Christ -Heb9.2 Hebrews 9:2 -Heb9.3 Hebrews 9:3 -Heb9.4 Hebrews 9:4 -Heb9.5 Hebrews 9:5 -Heb9.6 Hebrews 9:6 -Heb9.7 Hebrews 9:7 -Heb9.8 Hebrews 9:8 -Heb9.9 Hebrews 9:9 -Heb9.10 Hebrews 9:10 -Heb9.11 Hebrews 9:11 -Heb9.12 Hebrews 9:12 -Heb9.13 Hebrews 9:13 -Heb9.14 Hebrews 9:14 -Heb9.15 Hebrews 9:15 -Heb9.16 Hebrews 9:16 -Heb9.17 Hebrews 9.17 -Heb9.18 Hebrews 9:18 -Heb9.19 Hebrews 9.19 -Heb9.20 Hebrews 9:20 Verses 16,17 may be better rendered `For where a covenant is, there must necessarily be the death of that by which it is confirmed; for a covenant is confirmed over dead victims, and does not avail while that by which it is confirmed liveth.' -Heb9.21 Hebrews 9:21 -Heb9.22 Hebrews 9:22 -Heb9.23 Hebrews 9:23 -Heb9.24 Hebrews 9:24 -Heb9.25 Hebrews 9:25 -Heb9.26 Hebrews 9:26 -Heb9.27 Hebrews 9:27 -Heb9.28 Hebrews 9:28 -Heb10.1 Hebrews 10:1 10-13 The sacrifice of Christ's body one offered 14-18 for ever hath taken away sins 19-39 An exhortation to hold fast the faith with patience and thanksgiving -Heb10.2 Hebrews 10:2 elsewhere, for consciousness. -Heb10.3 Hebrews 10:3 -Heb10.4 Hebrews 10:4 There were essential defects in these sacrifices. 1st-- They were not of the same nature with those who sinned. 2nd-- They were not of sufficient value to make satisfaction for the affronts done to the justice and government of God. 3rd-- The beasts offered up under the law could not consent to put themselves in the sinner's room and place. The atoning sacrfice must be one capable of consenting, and must voluntarily substitute himself in the sinner's stead: Christ did so -Heb10.5 Hebrews 10:5 -Heb10.6 Hebrews 10:6 -Heb10.7 Hebrews 10:7 -Heb10.8 Hebrews 10:8 -Heb10.9 Hebrews 10:9 -Heb10.10 Hebrews 10:10 07000-891226-1301 -Heb10.11 Hebrews 10:11 -Heb10.12 Hebrews 10:12 -Heb10.13 Hebrews 10:13 -Heb10.14 Hebrews 10:14 -Heb10.15 Hebrews 10:15 -Heb10.16 Hebrews 10:16 -Heb10.17 Hebrews 10:17 -Heb10.18 Hebrews 10:18 -Heb10.19 Hebrews 10:19 -Heb10.20 Hebrews 10:20 -Heb10.21 Hebrews 10:21 -Heb10.22 Hebrews 10:22 -Heb10.23 Hebrews 10:23 -Heb10.24 Hebrews 10:24 -Heb10.25 Hebrews 10:25 -Heb10.26 Hebrews 10:26 -Heb10.27 Hebrews 10:27 -Heb10.28 Hebrews 10:28 -Heb10.29 Hebrews 10:29 -Heb10.30 Hebrews 10:30 -Heb10.31 Hebrews 10:31 -Heb10.32 Hebrews 10:32 -Heb10.33 Hebrews 10:33 -Heb10.34 Hebrews 10:34 for yourselves -Heb10.35 Hebrews 10:35 -Heb10.36 Hebrews 10:36 -Heb10.37 Hebrews 10:37 -Heb10.38 Hebrews 10:38 -Heb10.39 Hebrews 10:39 -Heb11.1 Hebrews 11:1 6 Without faith we cannot please God 7-10 The worthy fruits thereof in the fathers of old time 11-40 No comments given -Heb11.2 Hebrews 11:2 -Heb11.3 Hebrews 11:3 -Heb11.4 Hebrews 11:4 -Heb11.5 Hebrews 11:5 -Heb11.6 Hebrews 11:6 -Heb11.7 Hebrews 11:7 -Heb11.8 Hebrews 11:8 -Heb11.9 Hebrews 11:9 -Heb11.10 Hebrews 11:10 -Heb11.11 Hebrews 11:11 -Heb11.12 Hebrews 11:12 -Heb11.13 Hebrews 11:13 -Heb11.14 Hebrews 11:14 -Heb11.15 Hebrews 11:15 -Heb11.16 Hebrews 11:16 -Heb11.17 Hebrews 11:17 -Heb11.18 Hebrews 11:18 -Heb11.19 Hebrews 11:19 -Heb11.20 Hebrews 11:20 -Heb11.21 Hebrews 11:21 07050-891226-1733 -Heb11.22 Hebrews 11:22 -Heb11.23 Hebrews 11:23 our translators render [] in Acts 7:20; which was in their time the sense of proper, from the French propre. -Heb11.24 Hebrews 11:24 -Heb11.25 Hebrews 11:25 -Heb11.26 Hebrews 11:26 -Heb11.27 Hebrews 11:27 -Heb11.28 Hebrews 11:28 -Heb11.29 Hebrews 11:29 -Heb11.30 Hebrews 11:30 -Heb11.31 Hebrews 11:31 -Heb11.32 Hebrews 11:32 -Heb11.33 Hebrews 11:33 -Heb11.34 Hebrews 11:34 -Heb11.35 Hebrews 11:35 -Heb11.36 Hebrews 11:36 -Heb11.37 Hebrews 11:37 -Heb11.38 Hebrews 11:38 -Heb11.39 Hebrews 11:39 -Heb11.40 Hebrews 11:40 The apostle in the early part of the chapter having given us a general account of the grace of faith, proceeds to set before us some illustrious examples of it in Old Testament times. The leading instance and example of faith recorded is that of righteous Abel: one of the first saints and the first martyr for religion--one who lived by faith and died for it, and therefore a fit pattern for the Hebrews to imitate. It is observeable that the Holy Spirit has not thought fit to say any thing here of the faith of our first parents; and yet the church of God has generally, by a pious charity, taken it for granted that God gave them repentence and faith in the promised seed; that he instructed them in the mystery of sacrificing, that they instructed their children in it, and that they found mercy with God, after they had ruined themselves and all their posterity. But God has left the matter still under some doubt, as a warning to all who have great talents given to them, and a great trust reposed in them, that they do not prove unfaithful, since God would not curol our first parents among the number of believers in this blessed calender. -Heb12.1 Hebrews 12:1 22-29 A commendation of the new testament above the old -Heb12.2 Hebrews 12:2 -Heb12.3 Hebrews 12:3 -Heb12.4 Hebrews 12:4 -Heb12.5 Hebrews 12:5 -Heb12.6 Hebrews 12:6 -Heb12.7 Hebrews 12.7 -Heb12.8 Hebrews 12:8 -Heb12.9 Hebrews 12:9 -Heb12.10 Hebrews 12:10 -Heb12.11 Hebrews 12.11 -Heb12.12 Hebrews 12:12 -Heb12.13 Hebrews 12:13 -Heb12.14 Hebrews 12:14 -Heb12.15 Hebrews 12:15 -Heb12.16 Hebrews 12:16 -Heb12.17 He 12:17 -Heb12.18 Hebrews 12:18 -Heb12.19 Hebrews 12.19 -Heb12.20 Hebrews 12:20 -Heb12.21 Hebrews 12:21 -Heb12.22 Hebrews 12:22 -Heb12.23 Hebrews 12:23 -Heb12.24 Hebrews 12:24 -Heb12.25 Hebrews 12:25 -Heb12.26 Hebrews 12:26 -Heb12.27 Hebrews 12:27 -Heb12.28 Hebrews 12:28 -Heb12.29 Hebrews 12:29 -Heb13.1 Hebrews 13:1 4 to honest life 5,6 to avoid covetousness 7,8 to regard God's preachers 9 to take heed of strange doctrines 10-15 to give alms 16 to confess Christ 17 to give alms 18,19 to pray for the apostles 20-25 The conclusion -Heb13.2 Hebrews 13:2 07100-891226-2337 -Heb13.3 Hebrews 3:3 -Heb13.4 Hebrews 13:4 -Heb13.5 Hebrews 13:15 -Heb13.6 Hebrews 13:6 -Heb13.7 Hebrews 13:7 -Heb13.8 Hebrews 13:8 -Heb13.9 Hebrews 13:9 -Heb13.10 Hebrews 13:10 -Heb13.11 Hebrews 13.11 -Heb13.12 Hebrews 13:12 -Heb13.13 Hebrews 13:13 -Heb13.14 Hebrews 13:14 -Heb13.15 Hebrews 13:15 -Heb13.16 Hebrews 13:16 -Heb13.17 Hebrews 13:17 -Heb13.18 Hebrews 13:18 -Heb13.19 Hebrews 13:19 -Heb13.20 Hebrews 13:20 -Heb13.21 Hebrews 13:21 -Heb13.22 Hebrews 13:22 -Heb13.23 Hebrews 13:23 -Heb13.24 Hebrews 13:24 -Heb13.25 Hebrews 13:25 -Jas1.1 James 1:1 CONCLUDING REMARKS ON THE EPISTLE OF JAMES: James, the son of Alpheus, the brother of Jacob, and the near relation of our Lord, called also {James the Less} probably because he was of lower stature, or younger, the the other James, the son of Zebedee, is generally allowed to be the writer of this Epistle; and the few that have doubted this have assigned very slight reasons for their dissent, and advanced very weak arguments on the other side. It is recorded in ecclesiastical history, and the book of the Acts of the Apostles confirms the fact, that he generally resided at Jerusalem, superintending the churches in that city, and in the neighboring places, to the end of his life, which was terminated by martyrdom about A.D. 62. This epistle appears to have been written but a short time before his death; and it is probable that the sharp rebukes and awful warnings given in it to his countrymen excited that persecuting rage which terminated his life. It is styled {Catholic} or {General} because it was not addressed to any particular church, but to the Jewish nation throughout their dispersions. Though its genuineness was doubted for a considerable time, yet its insertion in the ancient Syriac version, which was executed at the close of the first, or the beginning of the second century, and the citation of, or allusion to it, by Clement of Rme, Hermas, and Ignatious, and its being quoted by Origen, Jerome, Athanasius, and most of the subsequent ecclesiastical writers, as well as it internal evidence, are amply sufficient to prove the point. 5-12 to ask patience of God 13-18 and in our trials not to impute our weakness, or sins, to him 19-25 but rather to hearken to the word, to meditate on it, and to do thereafter 26,27 Otherwise men may seem, but never be, truly religious -Jas1.2 James 1:2 -Jas1.3 James 1:3 -Jas1.4 James 1:4 -Jas1.5 James 1:5 -Jas1.6 James 1:6 -Jas1.7 James 1:7 -Jas1.8 James 1:8 -Jas1.9 James 1:9 -Jas1.10 James 1:10 -Jas1.11 James 1:11 -Jas1.12 James 1:12 -Jas1.13 James 1:13 -Jas1.14 James 1:14 -Jas1.15 James 1:15 -Jas1.16 James 1:16 -Jas1.17 James 1:17 -Jas1.18 James 1:18 -Jas1.19 James 1.19 -Jas1.20 James 1:20 -Jas1.21 James 1:21 -Jas1.22 James 1:22 -Jas1.23 James 1:23 -Jas1.24 James 1:24 -Jas1.25 James 1:25 -Jas1.26 James 1:26 -Jas1.27 James 1:27 07150-890926-1632 -Jas2.1 1-12 It is not agreeable to Christian profession to regard the rich, and to despise the poor brethern 13 rather we are to be loving and merciful 14-16 and not to boast of faith where no deeds are 17,18 which is but a dead faith 19,20 the faith of the devils 21-24 not of Abraham 25,26 nor of Rahab. -Jas2.2 -Jas2.3 -Jas2.4 -Jas2.5 -Jas2.6 -Jas2.7 -Jas2.8 -Jas2.9 -Jas2.10 precepts of the law has broken the yoke, disolved the covenant, and has exposed the law to contempt; and so has he done who has only broken one precept;' they also taught, 'that he who observed any principal command was equal to him who kept the whole law,' and gave for an example the forsaking of idolatry. To correct this false doctrine was the object St. James had in view. -Jas2.11 -Jas2.12 -Jas2.13 -Jas2.14 -Jas2.15 -Jas2.16 -Jas2.17 -Jas2.18 -Jas2.19 -Jas2.20 -Jas2.21 -Jas2.22 -Jas2.23 -Jas2.24 -Jas2.25 -Jas2.26 -Jas3.1 1-4 We are not rashly or arrogantly to reprove others, 5-12 but rather to bridle the tongue, a little member, but a powerful instrument of much good, and great harm. 13-18 They who are truly wise are mild and peaceable without envying and strife. -Jas3.2 -Jas3.3 -Jas3.4 -Jas3.5 -Jas3.6 -Jas3.7 -Jas3.8 -Jas3.9 -Jas3.10 -Jas3.11 -Jas3.12 -Jas3.13 -Jas3.14 -Jas3.15 -Jas3.16 -Jas3.17 -Jas3.18 -Jas4.1 1-3 We are to strive against covetousness, 4 intemperance, 5-10 pride, 11,12 detraction and rash judgement of others, 13-17 and not to be confident in the good success of worldly business, but mindful ever of the uncertainty of this life, to commit ourselves and all our affairs to God's providence. -Jas4.2 -Jas4.3 -Jas4.4 -Jas4.5 -Jas4.6 07200-891002-0750 -Jas4.7 -Jas4.8 -Jas4.9 -Jas4.10 -Jas4.11 -Jas4.12 -Jas4.13 -Jas4.14 -Jas4.15 -Jas4.16 -Jas4.17 -Jas5.1 1-6 Wicked rich men are to fear God's vengeance. 7-11 We ought to be patient in afflictions, after the example of the prophets, and Job, 12 to forbear swearing, 13 to pray in adversity, to sing in prosperity, 14-18 to acknowledge mutually our several faults, to pray one for another, 19,20 and to reduce a straying brother to the truth. -Jas5.2 -Jas5.3 -Jas5.4 -Jas5.5 -Jas5.6 -Jas5.7 -Jas5.8 -Jas5.9 -Jas5.10 -Jas5.11 -Jas5.12 -Jas5.13 -Jas5.14 -Jas5.15 -Jas5.16 -Jas5.17 -Jas5.18 -Jas5.19 -Jas5.20 As the design of this Epistle is excellent, remarks Dr. Macknight, so is its execution, in the judgement of the best critics, does not fall short of its design. Ostervald says of the first Epistle of Peter, 'it is one of the finest books in the New Testament'. Erasamus pronounces it to be 'worthy of the prince of the Apostles, and full of apostolical dignity and authority;' and adds, 'it is sparing in words, but full of sense.' 'As the true Church of Christ', says Dr. Clarke, 'has generally been in a state of suffering, the Epistles of St. Peter have ever been most highly prized by all believers. That which we have just finished is an admirable letter, containing some of the most important maxims and consolations for the Church in the wilderness. No Christian can read it without deriving from it both light and life. Ministers especially should study it well, that they may know how to comfort their flocks when in persecution and adversity. He never speaks to good in any spiritual case who is not furnished out of the Divine treasury. God's word invite, solicit, and command assent: on them a man may confidently rely. The words of man may be true, but they are not infallible: this is the character of God's word alone.' To these valuable remarks on the varied excellences and uses of this inimitable Epistle, it may be only necessary to add, that it is not only important in these respects, but is a rich treasury of Christian doctrines and duties from which the mind may be enriched and the heart improved, with the most enobling sentiments. 07250-890911-2114-1Pe1.20 07300-890920-1702-1Pe3.20 1 He exhorts them to cease from sin by the example of Christ, and the consideration of the general end that now approches, 12 and comforts them against persecution 1 He exhorts the elders to feed their flocks 5 the younger to obey 8 and all to be sober, watchful, and constant in the faith 9 and to resist the cruel adversary the devil jno 17.3 07350-890926-1923-2Pe1.15 ro 12.6 ge 13.13;19.7,8 ps 120.5 je 9.1-6;23.9 3.15; 2.21 ep 2.20 1jno 4.6 jude 1.17 ro 2.5 phi 1.28 2th 2.3 1ti 6.9 re 17.8,11 2.1 phi 3.19 1pe 2.8 jude 4.1 1 John 1:1 life, by a communion with God 5-10 to which we must adjoin holiness of life, to testify the truth of that our communion and profession of faith, as also to assure us of the forgiveness of our sins by Christ's death 1 John 1:2 1 John 1:3 07400-891212-2108-1Jo1.4 1 John 1:4 1 John 1:5 1 John 1:6 1 John 1:7 1 John 1:8 1 John 1:9 1 John 1:10 1 John 2:1 3-8 Rightly to know God is to keep his commandments 9-14 to love our brethren 15-17 and not to love the world 18,19 We must beware of seducers 20-29 from whose decents the godly are safe, preserved by perserverance in faith, and holiness of life 1 John 2:2 1 John 3:3 1 John 2:4 1 John 2:5 1 John 2:6 1 John 2:7 1 John 2:8 1 John 2:9 1 John 2:10 1 John 2.11 1 John 2:12 1ST JOHN 2:13 1st John 2.14 1st John 2:15 1st John 2:16 1st John 2:17 1st John 2:18 1st John 2:19 1st John 2.20 1st John 2:21 1st John 2:22 1st John 2:23 1st John 2:24 1st John 2.25 1st John 2:26 1st John 2.27 1st John 2:28 1st John 2:29 1st John 3:1 us his sons, 3-10 who therefore ought obediently to keep his commandments 11-24 as also to love one another as brethren 1st John 3:2 1st John 3:3 1st John 3:4 1st John 3.5 1st John 3:6 1st John 3.7 1st John 3:8 1st John 3:9 1st John 3:10 1st John 3:11 1st John 3:12 1st John 3:13 1st John 3:14 07450-891219-0732-1Jo3.15 1st John 3:15 1st John 3.16 1st John 3:17 1st John 3.18 1st John 3:19 1st John 3:20 1st John 3:21 1st John 3:22 1st John 3:23 1st John 3:24 1st John 4:1 7-21 and exhorts to brotherly love 1st John 4:2 1st John 4:3 1st John 4:4 1st John 4.5 1st john 4.6 1st John 4.7 1st John 4.8 1st John 4.9 1st John 4.10 1st John 4.11 1st John 4:12 1st John 4:13 1st John 4.14 1st John 4:15 1st John 4:16 1st John 4.17 1st John 4:18 1st John 4.19 1st John 4:20 1st John 4.21 1st John 5:1 3-8 which to the faithful are not grievous 9-13 Jesus is the Son of God 14-21 and able to hear our prayers 1st John 5:2 1st John 5:3 1st John 4:4 1st John 5:5 1st John 5:6 1st John 5:7 1st John 5:8 1st John 5.9 1st John 5:10 1st John 5.11 1st John 5:12 1st John 5:13 1st John 5:14 1st John 5:15 1st John 5:16 1st John 5:17 1st John 5:18 1st John 5:19 07500-891224-0923-1Jo5.20 1st John 5:20 1st John 5:21 2nd John 1:1 persevere in Christian love and belief, 8,9 lest they lose the reward of their former profession, 10-13 and to have nothing to do with those seducers that bring not the true doctrine of Christ Jesus 2nd John 1:2 2nd John 1:3 2nd John 1:4 2nd John 1:5 2nd John 1.6 2nd John 1:7 2nd John 1:8 that ye receive, etc' 2nd John 1:9 2nd John 1:10 2nd John 1:11 2nd John 1:12 2nd John 1:13 3rd John 1:1 5,6 and hospitality 7,8 to true preachers 9,10 complaining of the unkind dealing of ambitious Diotrophes on the contrary side. 11 whose evil example is not to be followed 12-14 and gives special testimony to the good report of Demetrius 3rd John 1:2 3rd John 1:3 3rd John 1:4 3rd John 1:5 3rd John 1:6 This is a literal and proper rendering of the original [] by which the antecedent to the possessive pronoun {his}, in the next verse becomes immediately apparent. In a manner worthy of God, and of your relations and obligations to Him, and such as He can approve. 3rd John 1.7 3rd John 1:8 3rd John 1:9 church, of which Diotrephes was most probably an officer; and being one, magnified himself in his office; he loved such pre-eminence, and behaved haughtily in it. 3rd John 1:10 3rd John 1:11 therefore refers to Gaius 3rd John 1:12 3rd John 1:13 3rd John 1:14 where else as a mutual address among Christians, several MSS read [], brethren. -Jude1.1 1 He exhorts them to be constant in the profession of the faith. 4 False teachers are crept in to seduce them, for whose evil doctrine and manners horrible punishment is prepared, 20 whereas the godly, by the assistance of the Holy Spirit, and prayers to God, may persevere, and grow in grace, and keep themselves, and recover others out of the snares of those deceivers, Concluding remarks on the Epistle of Jude St. Jude, says Origen, has written an Epistle in a few lines indeed, but full of vigorous expressions of heavenly grace. He briefly and forcibly represents the detestable doctrines and practices of certain false teachers, generally supposed to be the impure Gnostics, Nicolaitans and followers of Simon Magus; and reproves these profligate perverters of sound principles, and patrons of lewdness with a holy indignation and just severity; while at the same time he exhorts all sound Christians, with genuine apostolic charity, to have tender compassion on these deluded wretches, and to endeavour vigorously to reclaim them from the ways of hell, and pluck them as brands out of the fire. There is a great similarity in sentiment and style between this Epistle and the second chapter of the second Epistle of Peter. Both writers are nearly alike in vehemence and holy indignation against impudence and lewdness, and against those who insidiously undermine chastity, purity, and sound principles. -Jude1.2 -Jude1.3 -Jude1.4 -Jude1.5 -Jude1.6 -Jude1.7 -Jude1.8 -Jude1.9 -Jude1.10 -Jude1.11 -Jude1.12 -Jude1.13 -Jude1.14 -Jude1.15 -Jude1.16 -Jude1.17 -Jude1.18 -Jude1.19 -Jude1.20 -Jude1.21 07550-891009-0905 -Jude1.22 -Jude1.23 -Jude1.24 -Jude1.25 -Re1.1 The book of Revelation of St. John the Divine Notes from "The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge" (not necessarily the opinions of the person typing in the data to computer database.) The obscurity of this prophecy, which has been urged against its genuineness, necessarily results from the highly figurative and symbolical language in which it is delivered, and is, in fact, a strong internal proof of its authenticity and divine origin. 'For it is a part of this prophecy' as Sir Isaac Newton justly remarks, 'that it should not be understood before the last age of the world; and therefore it makes for the credit of the prophecy that it is not yet understood. The folly of interpreters has been to foretell times and things by this prophecy, as if God designed to make them prophets. By this rashness they have not only exposed themselves, but brought the prophecy also into contempt. The design of God was much otherwise. He gave this, and the prophecies of the Old Testament, not to gratify men's curiosities by enabling them to foreknow things, but that, after that they were fulfilled, they might be interpreted by the event; and his own providence, not the interpreter's, be then manifested thereby to the world. For the event of things, predicted many ages before, will then be a convincing argument that the world is governed by Providence. For, as the few and obscure prophecies concerning Christ's first coming were for setting up the Christian religion, which all nations have since corrupted, so the many and clear prophecies concerning the things to be done at Christ's second coming, are not only for predicting, but also for effecting a recovery and re-establishment of the long-lost truth, and setting up a kingdom wherein dwells righteousness. The event will prove the Apocolypse; and this prophecy, thus proved and understood, will open the old prophets; and all together will make known the true religion, and establish it. There is already so much of the prophecy fulfilled, that as many as will take pains in this study may see sufficient instances of God's promise; but then, the signal revolutions predicted by all the holy prophets, will at once both turn men's eyes upon considering the predictions, and plainly interpret them. Till then we must content ourselves with interpreting what hath already been fulfilled.' And, as Mr. Weston observes, 'if we were in possession of a complete and particular history of Asia, not only of great events, without person or place, names or dates, but of the exactest biography, geography, topography, and chronology, we might, perhaps, still be able to explain and appropriate more circumstances recorded in the Revelation, under the emperors of the East and the West, and in Arabia, Persia, Tartary, and Asia, the seat of the most important revolutions with which the history of Christianity has ever been interwoven and closely connected.' History is the great interpreter of prophecy. 'Prophecy is, as I may say.' observes Bp Newton, 'history anticipated and tracted; history is prophecy accomplished and dilated; and the prophecies of Scripture contain the fate of the most considerable nations, and the substance of the most memorable transactions in the world, from the earliest to the latest times. Daniel and St. John, with regard to those latter times, are more copius and particular than the other prophets. They exhibit a series and succession of the most important events from the first of the four great empires to the consumation of all things. Their prophecies may really be said to be a summary of the history of the world; and the history of the world is the best comment upon their prophecies....and the more you know of ancient and modern times, and the farther you search into the truth of history, the more you will be satisfied of the truth of prophecy.' The Revelation was designed to supply the place of that continued succession of prophets, which demonstrated the continued providence of God to the patriarchal and Jewish churches. 'The majority of commentators on the Apocolypse,' says Mr. Townsend, 'generally acted on these principles of interpretation. They discover in this Book certain predictions of events which were fulfilled soon after they were announced; they trace in the history of later years various coincidences, which so fully agree with the various parts of the Apocolypse, that they are justly entitled to consider them as the fulfillment of its prophecies; and, by thus tracing the one God of Revelation through the clouds of the dark ages, through the storms of revolutions and wars, through the mighty convulsions which at various periods have agitated the world, their interpretations, even when they are most contrdictory, when they venture to speculate concerning the future, are founded on so much undoubted truth that they have materially confirmed the wavering faith of thousands. Clouds and darkness must cover the brightness of the throne of God, till it shall please him to enable us to bear the brighter beams of his glory. In the mean time, we trace his footsteps in the sea of the Gentile world, his path in the mighty waters of the ambitions and clashing passions of man. We rejoice to anticipate the day when bondage of Rome, which would perpetuate the intellectual and spritual slavery of man, shall be overthrown, and day-spring of united knowledge and holiness bless the world.' 1-3 The preface 4-6 John's salutation to to the seven churches of Asia 7- The coming of Christ 8-20 His glorius power and majesty Revelation Chapter 1, Verse 1 -Re1.2 Revelation 1:2 -Re1.3 Revelation 1:3 -Re1.4 Revelation 1:4 -Re1.5 Revelation 1:5 -Re1.6 Revelation 1:6 -Re1.7 Revelation 1:7 -Re1.8 Revelation 1:8 -Re1.9 Revelation 1:9 -Re1.10 Revelation 1:10 -Re1.11 Revelation 1:11 -Re1.12 Revelation 1:12 -Re1.13 Revelation 1:13 -Re1.14 Revelation 1:14 -Re1.15 Revelation 1:15 -Re1.16 Revelation 1:16 -Re1.17 Revelation 1:17 -Re1.18 Revelation 1:18 -Re1.19 Revelation 1:19 -Re1.20 Revelation 1:20 -Re2.1 Revelation 2:1 -Re2.2 Revelation 2:2 -Re2.3 Revelation 2:3 -Re2.4 Revelation 2:4 -Re2.5 Revelation 2:5 -Re2.6 Revelation 2:6 -Re2.7 Revelation 2:7 -Re2.8 Revelation 2:8 -Re2.9 Revelation 2:9 -Re2.10 Revelation 2:10 -Re2.11 Revelation 2:11 -Re2.12 Revelation 2:12 residence of the Attalian kings, is situated on the river Caicus about sixty miles north of Smyrna, in long 27 deg E. lat 39 deg 11 mins north. It still retains some measure of its ancient importance; containing a population of 15,000 souls, and having nine or ten mosques, two churches, and one synagogue -Re2.13 Revelation 2:13 -Re2.14 Revelation 2:14 -Re2.15 Revelation 2:15 -Re2.16 Revelation 2:16 -Re2.17 Revelation 2:17 -Re2.18 Revelation 2:18 -Re2.19 Revelation 2:19 -Re2.20 Revelation 2:20 -Re2.21 Revelation 2:21 -Re2.22 Revelation 2:22 -Re2.23 Revelation 2:23 -Re2.24 Revelation 2:24 -Re2.25 Revelation 2:25 -Re2.26 Revelation 2:26 -Re2.27 Revelation 2:27 -Re2.28 Revelation 2.28 -Re2.29 Revelation 2:29 -Re3.1 Revelation 3:1 The angel of the church of Sardis is reproved, 1,2; exhorted to repent, and threatened if he does not repent, 3-7. The angel of the church of Philadelphia, 8,9, is approved for his diligence and patience, 10-14; the angel of Laodecia rebuked for being neither hot nor cold, 15-18, and admonished to be more zealous, 19. Christ stands at the door and knocks, 20-22. -Re3.2 Revelation 3:2 -Re3.3 Revelation 3:3 -Re3.4 Revelation 3:4 -Re3.5 Revelation 3:5 -Re3.6 Revelation 3:6 -Re3.7 Revelation 3:7 Philadelphia, so called for its founder, Attalus Philadelphus, still exists in the town called Allabshebr, 'the city of God,' 'a column in the town of ruins.' It is situated on the slopes of three or four hills, the roots of mount Tmolus, by the river Cogamus, twenty seven miles E.S.E. from Sardis, about long. 28 deg 40 min, lat 38 deg 23 min. The number of houses is said to be about 3000, of which 250 are Greek, the rest Turkish; and the Christians have twenty-five places of worship, five of them large and regular churches, a resident bishop, and twenty inferior clergy. -Re3.8 Revelation 3:8 -Re3.9 Revelation 3:9 -Re3.10 Revelation 3:10 -Re3.11 Revelation 3:11 -Re3.12 Revelation 3:12 -Re3.13 Revelation 3:13 See notes from Revelation 2:7 -Re3.14 Revelation 3:14 -Re3.15 Revelation 3:15 -Re3.16 Revelation 3:16 -Re3.17 Revelation 3:17 -Re3.18 Revelation 3:18 -Re3.19 Revelation 3:19 -Re3.20 Revelation 3:20 -Re3.21 Revelation 3:21 -Re3.22 Revelation 3:22 -Re4.1 Revelation 4:1 1-3 John sees the throne of God in heaven 4,5 The four and twenty elders 6-9 The four beasts full of eyes before and behind 10-11 The elders lay down their crowns, and worship him that sat on the throne -Re4.2 Revelation 4:2 -Re4.3 Revelation 4:3 -Re4.4 Revelation 4:4 -Re4.5 Revelation 4:5 -Re4.6 Revelation 4:6 -Re4.7 Revelation 4:7 -Re4.8 Revelation 4:8 -Re4.9 Revelation 4:9 -Re4.10 Revelation 4:10 -Re4.11 Revelation 4:11 -Re5.1 Revelation 5:1 1-8 The book sealed with seven seals 9-11 which only the Lamb that was slain is worthy to open 12-14 Therefore the elders praise him, and confess that he redeemed them with his blood -Re5.2 Revelation 5:2 -Re5.3 Revelation 5:3 -Re5.4 Revelation 5:4 -Re5.5 Revelation 5:5 -Re5.6 Revelation 5:6 priesthood As a horn is the emblem of power and seven the number of perfection, the seven horns may denote the almighty power of Jesus Christ His infinite knowledge and wisdom; especially 'the treasures of wisdom' laid up in him, to be communicated to the Church by 'the seven spirits of God', i.e. the Holy Spirit -Re5.7 Revelation 5:7 -Re5.8 Revelation 5:8 -Re5.9 Revelation 5:9 -Re5.10 Revelation 5:10 -Re5.11 Revelation 5:11 -Re5.12 Revelation 5:20 -Re5.13 Revelation 5:13 -Re5.14 Revelation 5:14 -Re6.1 Revelation 6:1 The opening of the seals in order, and what followed thereupon, containing a prophecy to the end of the world. -Re6.2 Revelation 6:2 This seems to be a representation of the person and dignity of Christ, and the mild and beneficent triumphs of his Gospel over all the powers of paganism. -Re6.3 Revelation 6:3 See on verse 1, ch 4.7 -Re6.4 Revelation 6:4 -Re6.5 Revelation 6:5 -Re6.6 Revelation 6:6 wine quart and the twelfth part of a quart -Re6.7 Revelation 6:7 -Re6.8 Revelation 6:8 -Re6.9 Revelation 6:9 -Re6.10 Revelation 6:10 This seal seems a prediction of the terrible persecution of the church under Dioclesian and Maximian, from A.D. 270 to 304, which lasted longer, and was far more bloody, than any or all by which it was preceeded, whence it was called 'the era of the martyrs.' -Re6.11 Revelation 6:11 -Re6.12 Revelation 6:12 -Re6.13 Revelation 6:13 -Re6.14 Revelation 6:14 -Re6.15 Revelation 6:15 -Re6.16 Revelation 6:16 -Re6.17 Revelation 6:17 -Re7.1 Revelation 7:1 1-3 An angel seals the servants of God in their foreheads 4-8 The number of them that were sealed, of the tribes of Israel a certain number 9-13 Of all the other nations an innumerable multitude, which stand before the throne, clad in white robes, and palms in their hands 14-17 Their robes were washed in the blood of the Lamb -Re7.2 Revelation 7:2 -Re7.3 Revelation 7:3 -Re7.4 Revelation 7:4 -Re7.5 Revelation 7:5 -Re7.6 Revelation 7:6 -Re7.7 -Re7.9 Revelation 7:9 -Re7.10 Revelation 7:10 -Re7.11 Revelation 7:11 -Re7.12 Revelation 7:12 -Re7.13 Revelation 7:13 -Re7.14 Revelation 7:14 -Re7.15 Revelation 7:15 -Re7.16 Revelation 7:16 -Re7.17 Revelation 7:17 -Re8.1 Revelation 8:1 1 At the opening of the seventh seal 2-5 Seven angels have seven trumpets given them 6-8 Four of them sound their trumpets and great plagues follow 9-13 Another angel puts incense to the prayers of the saints on the golden altar -Re8.2 Revelation 8:2 -Re8.3 Revelation 8:3 -Re8.4 Revelation 8:4 -Re8.5 Revelation 8:5 -Re8.6 Revelation 8:6 -Re8.7 Revelation 8:7 -Re8.8 Revelation 8:8 -Re8.9 Revelation 8:9 -Re8.10 Revelation 8:10 -Re8.11 Revelation 8:11 -Re8.12 Revelation 8:12 -Re8.13 Revelation 8:13 -Re9.1 Revelation 9:1 1 At the sounding of the fifth angel, a star falls from heaven, to whom is given the key to the bottomless pit. 2-11 He opens the pit, and there come forth beasts like scorpions 12 the first Woe is past 13 The sixth trumpet sounds 14-21 Four angels are let loose, that were bound -Re9.2 Revelation 9:2 -Re9.3 Revelation 9:3 -Re9.4 Revelation 9:4 chiefly prevailed) -Re9.5 Revelation 9:5 body, state, or empire; and accordingly, however they desolated the Greek and Latin churches, they could not extirpate then, nor gain possesion of the empire.) each day denoting a year, amount to 150 years; and accordingly, from the time that Mohammed began to propagate his imposture A.D. 612, the building of Bagdad, when they ceased from their ravages, A.D. 763, are just 150 years.) -Re9.6 Revelation 9:6 -Re9.7 Revelation 9:7 -Re9.8 Revelation 9.8 -Re9.9 Revelation 9:9 -Re9.10 Revelation 9:10 -Re9.11 Revelation 9:11 -Re9.12 Revelation 9:12 -Re9.13 Revelation 9:13 -Re9.14 Revelation 9:14 -Re9.15 Revelation 9:15 -Re9.16 Revelation 9:16 -Re9.17 Revelation 9:17 colors, for which the Turks have always been remarkable. The 'four angels bound in the Euphrates' denote their four sultanies bordering on that river, where they were contined till after the period of the crusades. The time for which they were prepared, 'an hour, and a day, and a month, and a year,' computing a year for each day amounts to 391 years, 15 days; and from their first conquest over the Christians, A.D. 1281, the the taking of Cameniec from the Poles, A.D. 1672, which was the last conquest by which their dominion was extended, is exactly that period.) -Re9.18 Revelation 9.18 -Re9.19 Revelation 9:19 -Re9.20 Revelation 9:20 escaped destruction, still persisted in their idolatrous worship of demons, etc.) -Re9.21 Revelation 9:21 -Re10.1 Revelation 10:1 1-5 A mighty strong angel appears with a book open in his hand 6-8 He swears by him that lives for ever, that there shall be no more time 9-11 John is commanded to take and eat the book -Re10.2 Revelation 10:2 -Re10.3 Revelation 10:3 -Re10.4 Revelation 10:4 -Re10.5 Revelation 10:5 and 10:6 these glorious things which 'the mystery of God should be finished.) Another interpretation might be "without further delay" -Re10.6 Revelation 10:6 -Re10.7 Revelation 10:7 -Re10.8 Revelation 10:08 -Re10.9 Revelation 10:9 -Re10.10 Revelation 10:10 -Re10.11 Revelation 10:11 -Re11.1 Revelation 11:1 1-5 The two witnesses prophesy 6 They have power to shut heaven, that it rain not 7 The beast shall fight against them, and kill them 8-10 They lie unburied 11-13 and after three and a half days rise againg 14 The second woe is past 15-19 The seventh trumpet sounds -Re11.2 Revelation 11:2 -Re11.3 Revelation 11:3 they may prophesy) -Re11.4 Revelation 11:4 -Re11.5 Revelation 11:5 -Re11.6 Revelation 11:6 -Re11.7 Revelation 11:7 -Re11.8 Revelation 11:8 -Re11.9 Revelation 11:9 -Re11.10 Revelation 11:10 -Re11.11 Revelation 11:11 -Re11.12 Revelation 11:12 -Re11.13 Revelation 11.13 -Re11.14 Revelation 11:14 -Re11.15 Revelation 11:15 -Re11.16 Revelation 11.16 -Re11.17 Revelation 11.17 -Re11.18 Revelation 11.18 -Re11.19 Revelation 11.19 -Re12.1 Revelation 12:1 1-3 A woman clothed with the sun travails 4,5 The great dragon stands before her, ready to devour her child 6 When she is delivered she flees into the wilderness 7-12 Michael and his angels fight with the dragon and prevail 13-17 The dragon, being cast down into the earth, persecutes the woman -Re12.2 Revelation 12:2 -Re12.3 Revelation 12:3 -Re12.4 Revelation 12:4 -Re12.5 Revelation 12:5 -Re12.6 Revelation 12:6 -Re12.7 Revelation 12:7 -Re12.8 Revelation 12:8 -Re12.9 Revelation 12:9 -Re12.10 Revelation 12:10 -Re12.11 Revelation 12:11 -Re12.12 Revelation 12:12 -Re12.13 Revelation 12:13 -Re12.14 Revelation 12:14 -Re12.15 Revelation 12:15 -Re12.16 Revelation 12:16 -Re12.17 Revelation 2:17 -Re13.1 Revelation 13:1 1-10 A beast rises out of the sea with seven heads and ten horns to whom the dragon gives his power 11-13 Another beast comes out of the earth 14 causes an image to be made of the former beast 15 and that men should worship it 16-18 and receive his mark -Re13.2 Revelation 13.2 -Re13.3 Revelation 13:3 -Re13.4 Revelation 13:4 -Re13.5 Revelation 13:5 -Re13.6 Revelation 13:6 -Re13.7 Revelation 13:7 -Re13.8 Revelation 13:8 -Re13.9 Revelation 13:9 -Re13.10 Revelation 13:10 -Re13.11 Revelation 13:11 -Re13.12 Revelation 13:12 -Re13.13 Revelation 13:13 -Re13.14 Revelation 13:14 -Re13.15 Revelation 13:15 -Re13.16 Revelation 13:16 -Re13.17 Revelation 13:17 -Re13.18 Revelation 13:18 -Re14.1 Revelation 14:1 1-5 The Lamb standing on mount Sion with his company 6-7 An angel preaches the gospel 8-14 The fall of Babylon 15-19 the harvest of the world 20 The winepress of the wrath of God -Re14.2 Revelation 14:2 -Re14.3 Revelation 14:3 -Re14.4 Revelation 14:4 -Re14.5 Revelation 14:5 -Re14.6 Revelation 14:6 -Re14.7 Revelation 14.7 -Re14.8 Revelation 14:8 -Re14.9 Revelation 14:9 -Re14.10 Revelation 14:10 -Re14.11 Revelation 14:11 -Re14.12 Revelation 14:12 -Re14.13 Revelation 14:13 -Re14.14 Revelation 14:14 -Re14.15 Revelation 14:15 -Re14.16 Revelation 14:16 -Re14.17 Revelation 14:17 -Re14.18 Revelation 14:18 -Re14.19 Revelation 14:19 -Re14.20 Revelation 14:20 -Re15.1 Revelation 15:1 1,2 The seven angels with the seven last plagues 3-6 The song of them that overcame the beast 7,8 The seven vials full of the wrath of God -Re15.2 Revelation 15:2 -Re15.3 Revelation 15:3 -Re15.4 Revelation 15:4 -Re15.5 Revelation 15:5 -Re15.6 Revelation 15:6 -Re15.7 Revelation 15:7 -Re15.8 Revelation 15:8 -Re16.1 Revelation 16:1 1-5 The angels pour out their vials of wrath 6-14 The plagues that follow 15-21 Christ comes as a thief. Blessed are they that watch -Re16.2 Revelation 16:2 -Re16.3 Revelation 16:3 -Re16.4 Revelation 16:4 -Re16.5 Revelation 16:5 -Re16.6 Revelation 16:6 -Re16.7 Revelation 16:7 -Re16.8 Revelation 16:8 -Re16.9 Revelation 16:9 -Re16.10 Revelation 16:10 -Re16.11 Revelation 16:11 -Re16.12 Revelation 16:12 -Re16.13 Revelation 16:13 -Re16.14 Revelation 16:14 -Re16.15 Revelation 16:15 -Re16.16 Revelation 16:16 -Re16.17 Revelation 16:17 -Re16.18 Revelation 16:18 -Re16.19 Revelation 16:19 -Re16.20 Revelation 16:20 -Re16.21 Revelation 16:21 -Re17.1 Revelation 17:1 1-4 A woman arrayed in purple and scarlet, with a golden cup in her hand sits upon the beast 5-8 which is great Babylon, the mother of all abominations 9-11 The interpretation of the seven heads 12,13 and the ten horns 14,15 The victory of the Lamb 16-18 punishment of the whore -Re17.2 Revelation 17:2 -Re17.3 Revelation 17:3 -Re17.4 Revelation 17:4 -Re17.5 Revelation 17:5 -Re17.6 Revelation 17:6 -Re17.7 Revelation 17:7 -Re17.8 Revelation 17:8 persecuting power, when under the Pagan emperors; it ceased to be so when it became Christian; and became so again under the Roman pontiffs, and shall 'go into perdition.' -Re17.9 Revelation 17:9 -Re17.10 Revelation 17:10 -Re17.11 Revelation 17:11 -Re17.12 Revelation 17:12 -Re17.13 Revelation 17:13 -Re17.14 Revelation 17:14 -Re17.15 Revelation 17:15 -Re17.16 Revelation 17:10 The ten horns, which the angel explained of 'ten kings' or kingdoms, and which one exalted and supported the ecclesiastial tyranny, will hate, desolate, strip, and devour her. They will be the principal instruments in the destruction of popery and the ruin of Rome itself. -Re17.17 Revelation 17:17 -Re17.18 Revelation 17:18 The city which, at the time of the vision, 'reigned over the kings of the earth,' was undoubtedly Rome; and from its foundation, it has, in different ways, accomplished this object to the present time. -Re18.1 Revelation 18:1 1-3 Babylon is fallen 4-8 People commanded to depart out of her 9-19 The kings of the earth, with the merchants and mariners, lament over her 20-24 The saints rejoice for the judgements of God upon her -Re18.2 Revelation 18:2 -Re18.3 Revelation 18:3 -Re18.4 Revelation 18:4 -Re18.5 Revelation 18:5 -Re18.6 Revelation 18:6 -Re18.7 Revelation 18:7 -Re18.8 Revelation 18:8 -Re18.9 Revelation 18:9 -Re18.10 Revelation 18:10 -Re18.11 Revelation 18:11 -Re18.12 Revelation 18:12 -Re18.13 Revelation 18:13 masses, bulls, etc.) -Re18.14 Revelation 18:14 -Re18.15 Revelation 18:15 -Re18.16 Revelation 18:16 -Re18.17 Revelation 18:17 -Re18.18 Revelation 18:18 -Re18.19 Revelation 18:19 -Re18.20 Revelation 18:20 It is peculiarly worthy of remark, that the apostles, who are idol- atrously honoured at Rome, and daily worshipped, should be specially mentioned as rejoicing in her fall; as if it 'avenged them' on her, for the dishonor cast on their characters, while it vindicated the glory of God -Re18.21 Revelation 18:21 she should never rise again; which is further illustrated by varied emphatical expressions taken from the ancient prophets. But Rome is still standing and flourishing, and honoured by many nations as the metropolis of the Christian world; she still resounds with singers and musicians; she still excels in arts, which serve for pomp and luxury; she still abounds with candles, and lamps, and torches, burning even by day, as well as by night; and consequently this prophecy has not been, but remains to fulfilled. -Re18.22 Revelation 18:22 -Re18.23 Revelation 18:23 -Re18.24 Revelation 18:24 -Re19.1 Revelation 19:1 1-6 God is praised in heaven for judging the great whore and avenging the blood of his saints 7-9 The marriage of the Lamb 10-16 The angel will not be worshipped 17-21 The fowls called to the great slaughter -Re19.2 Revelation 19:2 -Re19.3 Revelation 19:3 -Re19.4 Revelation 19:4 -Re19.5 Revelation 19:5 -Re19.6 Revelation 19:6 -Re19.7 Revelation 19:7 -Re19.8 Revelation 19:8 -Re19.9 Revelation 19:9 -Re19.10 Revelation 10:9 -Re19.11 Revelation 19:11 -Re19.12 Revelation 19:12 -Re19.13 Revelation 19:13 -Re19.14 Revelation 19:14 -Re19.15 Revelation 19:15 -Re19.16 Revelation 19:16 -Re19.17 Revelation 19:17 -Re19.18 Revelation 19:18 -Re19.19 Revelation 19:19 -Re19.20 Revelation 19:20 -Re19.21 Revelation 19:21 -Re20.1 Revelation 20:1 1-5 Satan bound for a thousand years 6 The first resurrection; the blessed that have part therein 7 Satan let loose again 8,9 Gog and Magog 10,11 The devils cast into the lake of fire and brimstone 12-15 The last and general resurrection (Typist's note: there is no such thing as a 'general resurrection' there is a resurrection of the saved at the rapture and of the lost after the millenium) -Re20.2 Revelation 20.2 -Re20.3 Revelation 20:3 -Re20.4 Revelation 20.4 -Re20.5 Revelation 20:5 -Re20.6 Revelation 20:6 -Re20.7 Revelation 20:7 -Re20.8 Revelation 20:8 -Re20.9 Revelation 20:9 -Re20.10 Revelation 20:10 -Re20.11 Revelation 20:11 -Re20.12 Revelation 20:12 -Re20.13 Revelation 20:13 -Re20.14 Revelation 20:14 -Re20.15 Revelation 20:15 -Re21.1 Revelation 21:1 1-9 A new heaven and a new earth 10-22 The heavenly Jerusalem with a full description thereof 23 She needs no sun, the glory of God being her light 24-27 The kings of the earth bring their riches unto her -Re21.2 Revelation 21:2 -Re21.3 Revelation 21:3 -Re21.4 Revelation 21:4 -Re21.5 Revelation 21:5 -Re21.6 Revelation 21:6 -Re21.7 Revelation 21:7 -Re21.8 Revelation 21:8 -Re21.9 Revelation 21:9 -Re21.10 Revelation 21:10 -Re21.11 Revelation 21:11 -Re21.12 Revelation 21.12 -Re21.13 Revelation 21:13 -Re21.14 Revelation 21:14 -Re21.15 Revelation 21:15 -Re21.16 Revelation 21:16 The square form of this city probably denotes its stability; while its vast dimensions, being 1500 miles on each side, are emblematical of magnificence, and of its capability of containing all the multitude of inhabitants which should ever enter it, however immense or innumerable -Re21.17 Revelation 21:17 -Re21.18 Revelation 21:18 -Re21.19 Revelation 21:19 -Re21.20 Revelation 21:20 -Re21.21 Revelation 21:20 latively glorius, beyond all comparison with anything ever seen on earth -Re21.22 Revelation 21:22 -Re21.23 Revelation 21:23 -Re21.24 Revelation 21:24 -Re21.25 Revelation 21:25 -Re21.26 Revelation 21:26 -Re21.27 Revelation 21.27 -Re22.1 Revelation 22:1 1 The river of the water of life 2-4 The tree of life 5-8 The light of the city of God is himself 9-17 The angel will not be be worshipped 18-21 Nothing may be be added to the word of God, nor taken therefrom -Re22.2 Revelation 22:2 original, 'a tree of life;' for there were three trees; one in the street, and one on each side of the river) -Re22.3 Revelation 22:3 -Re22.4 Revelation 22:4 -Re22.5 Revelation 22:5 -Re22.6 Revelation 22:6 -Re22.7 Revelation 22:7 -Re22.8 Revelation 22:8 -Re22.9 Revelation 22.9 -Re22.10 Revelation 22:10 -Re22.11 Revelation 22:11 -Re22.12 Revelation 22:12 -Re22.13 Revelation 22:13 -Re22.14 Revelation 22.14 -Re22.15 Revelation 22:15 -Re22.16 Revelation 22:16 -Re22.17 Revelation 22:17 -Re22.18 Revelation 22:18 -Re22.19 Revelation 22:19 -Re22.20 Revelation 22:20 -Re22.21 Revelation 22:21 -Ge1.1 01 God creates \\heaven\\ and \\earth\\ 03 the light 04 the firmament 07 separates the dry land 10 forms the sun, moon, and stars 15 fishes and fowls 21 cattle, wild beasts, and creeping things 25 creates man in his own image, blesses him 27 grants the fruits of the earth for food -Ge1.2 -Ge1.3 -Ge1.4 between the darkness. -Ge1.5 was, and the morning was -Ge1.6 -Ge1.7 -Ge1.8 -Ge1.9 -Ge1.10 -Ge1.11 -Ge1.12 -Ge1.13 -Ge1.14 different world from that rendered light, in ver 3. the day from the night. between the day and between the night. -Ge1.15 -Ge1.16 -Ge1.17 -Ge1.18 -Ge1.19 -Ge1.20 more conformable to the original, and reconciles this passage with ch. 2.19. The word fowl, from the Saxon fleon, to fly, exactly corresponds to the original, which denotes every thing that flies, whether bird or insect. -Ge1.21 -Ge1.22 -Ge1.23 -Ge1.24 of the earth, wild animals; especially such as live on flesh; and creeping things, reptiles; or all the different genera of serpents, worms, and such animals as have no feet. -Ge1.25 -Ge1.26 earth of which he was formed, or from the blush or flesh-tint of the human countenance: the name is intended to designate the species. -Ge1.27 -Ge1.28 -Ge1.29 -Ge1.30 -Ge1.31 -Ge2.1 01 The first Sabbath 04 Further particulars concerning the manner of creation 08 The planting of the garden of Eden and its situation 15 Man is placed in it; and the tree of knowledge only forbidden 18 The animals are named by Adam 19 The making of woman, and the institution of marriage -Ge2.2 the sixth day, which is probably the true reading; as t, which stands for six, might easily be changed into T, which denotes seven. to weariness, but to action; as the Divine Being can neither know fatigue, nor stand in need of rest. -Ge2.3 -Ge2.4 -Ge2.5 -Ge2.6 -Ge2.7 -Ge2.8 -Ge2.9 -Ge2.10 name of a place, and was, most probably, situated in Armenia, near the souces of the great rivers Euphrates, Tigris, Phasis, and Araxes. -Ge2.11 -Ge2.12 stone, so called from a Greek word signifying man's nail, to the colour of which it nearly approached. -Ge2.13 -Ge2.14 -Ge2.15 -Ge2.16 -Ge2.17 -Ge2.18 -Ge2.19 -Ge2.20 -Ge2.21 -Ge2.22 -Ge2.23 -Ge2.24 and Samaritan read, they two; as is also read in several of the Parallel Passages. -Ge2.25 -Ge3.1 01 The serpent deceived Eve 06 Both she and Adam transgress the divine command, and fall into sin and misery 08 God arraigns them 14 The serpent is cursed 15 The promised seed 16 The punishment of mankind. 21 Their first clothing 22 Their expulsion from paradise. reads cachash, a liar or deceiver. -Ge3.2 -Ge3.3 -Ge3.4 -Ge3.5 -Ge3.6 -Ge3.7 -Ge3.8 -Ge3.9 -Ge3.10 -Ge3.11 -Ge3.12 -Ge3.13 -Ge3.14 -Ge3.15 -Ge3.16 -Ge3.17 -Ge3.18 -Ge3.19 -Ge3.20 -Ge3.21 -Ge3.22 -Ge3.23 -Ge3.24 -Ge4.1 01 The birth, occupation, and offering of Cain and Abel 08 Cain murders his brother Abel 11 The curse of Cain 17 Has a son called Enoch, and builds a city, which he calls aftr his name 18 His descendants, with Lumech and his two wives 15 The birth of Seth 16 And Enos -Ge4.2 -Ge4.3 days. Either at the end of the year, or of the week, i.e. on the Sabbath. -Ge4.4 -Ge4.5 -Ge4.6 -Ge4.7 -Ge4.8 -Ge4.9 -Ge4.10 -Ge4.11 -Ge4.12 08050-900115-0922 -Ge4.13 greater than that it may be forgiven. -Ge4.14 -Ge4.15 that those who found him should not kill him. -Ge4.16 ver 12. -Ge4.17 -Ge4.18 -Ge4.19 -Ge4.20 -Ge4.21 -Ge4.22 -Ge4.23 my wound, etc. -Ge4.24 -Ge4.25 -Ge4.26 themselves by the name of the Lord. -Ge5.1 01 Recapitulation of the creation of man 03 The genealogy, age, and death of the patriarchs from Adam to Noah 32 The godliness and translation of Enoch 25 The brith of Noah, etc. account, history, or any kind of writing. -Ge5.2 -Ge5.3 Hebrew Text, the Samaritan, the LXX., and Josephus. The LXX. adds 100 years to each of the patriarchs Adam, Seth, Enos, Cainan, Mahalaleel, and Enoch, before the birth of their sons; while they take 20 from the age of Methuselah, and add 6 to that of Lamech. Thus the space from the creation to the deluge is made 2242 years, according to the Vatican copy, but 2262 by the Alexandrine; and the sum total by Josephus is 2265, by the Smaritan 1307, and the Hebrew Text, 1656. The sum total from the Deluge to the 70th year of Terah, according to these authorities, is, Heb. 292. Sam. 942; Sept. Vat 1172; alex. 1072, and Josephus 1002. -Ge5.4 -Ge5.5 -Ge5.6 -Ge5.7 -Ge5.8 -Ge5.9 -Ge5.10 -Ge5.11 -Ge5.12 -Ge5.13 -Ge5.14 -Ge5.15 -Ge5.16 -Ge5.17 -Ge5.18 -Ge5.19 -Ge5.20 -Ge5.21 -Ge5.22 -Ge5.23 -Ge5.24 -Ge5.25 -Ge5.26 -Ge5.27 -Ge5.28 -Ge5.29 -Ge5.30 -Ge5.31 -Ge5.32 -Ge6.1 and caused the flood 8 Noah finds grace 9-13 His generations, etc. 14-22 The order, form, dimensions, and end of the ark -Ge6.2 -Ge6.3 -Ge6.4 08100-900526-2239 -Ge6.5 The Hebrew word signifies not only the imagination, but also the puposes and desires. -Ge6.6 -Ge6.7 -Ge6.8 -Ge6.9 -Ge6.10 -Ge6.11 -Ge6.12 -Ge6.13 -Ge6.14 -Ge6.15 -Ge6.16 -Ge6.17 -Ge6.18 -Ge6.19 length, 50 in breadth, and 30 in height (ver 15) its size was equal to 547 feet long, 91 feet broad, and 54 feet high; and it is computed to had been 81,062 tons burthen. These dimensions were sufficient to contain all the animals in it, and food for more than a year -Ge6.20 -Ge6.21 -Ge6.22 -Ge7.1 ark, and the flood begins 17-20 The increase and continuance of the flood for forty days 21-23 All flesh is destroyed 24 Its duration -Ge7.2 -Ge7.3 -Ge7.4 -Ge7.5 -Ge7.6 -Ge7.7 -Ge7.8 -Ge7.9 -Ge7.10 -Ge7.11 The first month was Tisri, which answers to the latter end of September and first half of October; the second was Marchesvan, which answers to part of October and part of November. -Ge7.12 -Ge7.13 -Ge7.14 -Ge7.15 -Ge7.16 -Ge7.17 -Ge7.18 -Ge7.19 search has been made, conspire in one uniform, universal proof that they all had the sea spread over their highest summits; shells, skeletons of fish, etc., having been found there. -Ge7.20 -Ge7.21 -Ge7.22 -Ge7.23 afforded of the universality of this fact: the moose deer, a native of America, has been found buried in Ireland; elephants, native of Asia and Africa, in the midst of England; crocodiles, natives of the Nile, in the heart of Germany; and shell fish, never known in any but the American seas, with the entire skeletons of whales, in the most inland counties of England. -Ge7.24 fountains of the great deep, and the raining forty days and nights, had raised the waters fifteen cubits, or twenty-two feet and a half, above the highest mountain; after which forty days, it appears to have continued at this height one hundred and fifty days more. -Ge8.1 4,5 The ark rests on Ararat 6-12 Noah sends forth a raven and then a dove 13-19 Noah, being commanded, goes forth from the ark 20-22 He builds an altar, and offers sacrifice, which God accepts, and promises to curse the earth no more. -Ge8.2 -Ge8.3 -Ge8.4 That is, of the year, not of the deluge. Ararat is generally understood to be Armenia, as it is rendered elsewhere, in which there is a great chain of mountains, like the Alps or the Pyrenees, upon the highest part of which, called by some, `The Finger Mountain,' the ark is supposed to have rested. -Ge8.5 -Ge8.6 -Ge8.7 -Ge8.8 08150-900527-1501 -Ge8.9 -Ge8.10 -Ge8.11 -Ge8.12 -Ge8.13 -Ge8.14 year, of 365 days; for he entered it on the 17th day of the 2nd month, in the 600th year of his life, and continued it it till the 27th day of the 2nd month, in the 601st year of his life, as we see above. -Ge8.15 -Ge8.16 -Ge8.17 -Ge8.18 -Ge8.19 -Ge8.20 -Ge8.21 -Ge8.22 distinct parts, called quarters or seasons; but there are six divisions in the text, which obtained in Palestine among the Hebrews, and exist among the Arabs to the present day. According to this gracious promise, the heavenly bodies have preserved their courses, the seasons their successions, and the earth its increase for the use of man. -Ge9.1 4-7 Blood and murder are forbidden 8-17 God's covenant, of which the rainbow was constituted a pledge 18,19 Noah's family replenish the world 20 Noah plants a vineyard 21-24 Is drunken, and mocked by his son 25 Curses Canaan 26 blesses Shem 27-29 Prays for Japeth, and dies -Ge9.2 -Ge9.3 -Ge9.4 -Ge9.5 -Ge9.6 -Ge9.7 -Ge9.8 -Ge9.9 -Ge9.10 -Ge9.11 -Ge9.12 -Ge9.13 -Ge9.14 -Ge9.15 -Ge9.16 -Ge9.17 -Ge9.18 -Ge9.19 -Ge9.20 -Ge9.21 -Ge9.22 -Ge9.23 -Ge9.24 -Ge9.25 The devoted nations, which God destroyed before Israel, were descended from Canaan: and so were the Phoenicians and Cartheginians, who were at length subjugated with dreadful destruction by the Greeks and Romans. The Africans, who have been bought and sold like beasts, were also his posterity. -Ge9.26 -Ge9.27 Japeth. Japeth denotes enlargement, and how wonderfully have his boundaries been enlarged; for not only Europe, but Asia Minor, part of Armenia, Iberia, the whole of the vast regions of Asia north of Taurus, and probably America, fell to the share of his posterity. These words may mean either that God or that Japeth shall dwell in the tents of Shem. In either sense the prophecy has been literally fulfilled -Ge9.28 -Ge9.29 -Ge10.1 2-5 Japeth 6,7 Ham 8-20 Nimrod the first monarch, and the descendents of Canaan 21-32 The sons of Shem -Ge10.2 -Ge10.3 -Ge10.4 -Ge10.5 -Ge10.6 Ham signifies burnt or black; and this name was peculiarly significant of the regions alloted to his family. To the Cushites, or descendants of Cush, were alloted the hot southern regions of Asia, along the shores of the Persian Gulf, Susiana or Chusistan, etc.; to the sons of Canaan, Palestine and Syria; to the sons of Mizraim, Egypt and Libya in Africa. -Ge10.7 08200-900527-1731 -Ge10.8 -Ge10.9 -Ge10.10 -Ge10.11 -Ge10.12 -Ge10.13 -Ge10.14 -Ge10.15 -Ge10.16 -Ge10.17 -Ge10.18 -Ge10.19 -Ge10.20 -Ge10.21 Shem signifies name or renown; and his, indeed, was great both in a temporal and spritual sense, inasmuch as he was destined to be the lineal ancestor of the promised Seed of the woman, to which Noah might allude in his pious ejaculation -Ge10.22 -Ge10.23 -Ge10.24 -Ge10.25 -Ge10.26 -Ge10.27 -Ge10.28 -Ge10.29 -Ge10.30 -Ge10.31 -Ge10.32 Any man who can barely read his Bible, and has but heard of such people as the Assyrians, Elamites, Lydians, Medes, Ionians, and Thracians, will readily acknowledge that Asshur, Elam, Lud, Madia, javan, and Tiras, grandsons of Noah, were their respective founders. -Ge11.1 2-4 The building of Babel 5-9 It is interrupted by the confusion of tongues, and the builders dispersed 10-26 The generations of Shem 27-30 The generations of Terah, the father or Abram 31,32 Terah, with Abram and Lot, remove from Ur to Haran -Ge11.2 -Ge11.3 -Ge11.4 -Ge11.5 -Ge11.6 -Ge11.7 for a journey or the execution of a purpose. -Ge11.8 -Ge11.9 that is, Confusion. The tower of Babel, Herodotus informs us, was a furlong or 660 feet, in length and breadth; and, according to Strabo, it rose to the same altitude. It was of a pyramidical form, consisting of eight square towers, gradually decreasing in breadth, with a winding ascent on the outside, so very broad as to allow horses and carriages to pass each other, and even to turn. This magnificent structure is so completely destroyed that its very site is doubtful; and when supposed to discovered, in all cases exhibiting a heap of rubbish. -Ge11.10 -Ge11.11 -Ge11.12 -Ge11.13 -Ge11.14 -Ge11.15 -Ge11.16 -Ge11.17 -Ge11.18 -Ge11.19 -Ge11.20 -Ge11.21 -Ge11.22 -Ge11.23 -Ge11.24 -Ge11.25 08250-900527-1840 -Ge11.26 -Ge11.27 -Ge11.28 -Ge11.29 being Abram's wife; yet Abram afterwards said, " she is the daughter of my father, but not the daughter of my mother." (Ge 20.12) Probably Haran was the eldest son of Terah, and Abram was his youngest by another wife; and and thus Sarai was the daughter, or grand-daughter of Terah, Abram's father, but not of his mother. -Ge11.30 -Ge11.31 Ur was probably the place called Ouri, in Mesopotamia, two days journey from Nisbis, in the way to the river Tigris -Ge11.32 -Ge12.1 4,5 He departs with Lot from Haran, and comes to Canaan 6 He journeys through Canaan 7-9 which is promised to him in a vision 10 He is driven by famine into Egypt 11-13 Fear makes him feign his wife to be his sister 14-17 Pharaoh, having taken her from him, by plagues is compelled to restore her 18-20 He reproves Abram, whom he dismisses -Ge12.2 -Ge12.3 -Ge12.4 -Ge12.5 So called from Canaan the son of Ham, lies between the Mediterranean sea on the west, the wilderness of Rarn, Idumea, and Egypt on the south, the mountains of Arabia on the east, and the mountains of lebanon and Phoenecia on the north. Its length, from Dan to Beersheba, is about 200 miles, and its breadth, form the Mediterranean sea to its eastern borders, about 90. -Ge12.6 The word rendered `plain' should be rendered `oak,' or according to Celsius, the turpentine-tree.' -Ge12.7 -Ge12.8 -Ge12.9 -Ge12.10 -Ge12.11 -Ge12.12 -Ge12.13 -Ge12.14 -Ge12.15 `ruler,' or `king,' or `father of his country.' -Ge12.16 -Ge12.17 -Ge12.18 -Ge12.19 -Ge12.20 -Ge13.1 6,7 Strife arises between Abram's herdsmen and those of Lot 8,9 Abram meekly refers it to Lot to choose his part of the country 10-13 and Lot goes to Sodom 14-17 God renews the promise to Abram 18 He removes to Hebron, and there builds an altar The south of Canaan; as in leaving Egypt, it is said he `came from the south,' (ver 3) and the southern part of the promised land lay north-east of Egypt -Ge13.2 -Ge13.3 Bethel by Jacob, and so called when Moses wrote, for its first name was Luz -Ge13.4 -Ge13.5 -Ge13.6 -Ge13.7 their tents in the land. -Ge13.8 -Ge13.9 -Ge13.10 plain of Jordan, the Syriac reads `Zoan,' which was situated in the south of Eqypt, and in a well-watered country. -Ge13.11 -Ge13.12 -Ge13.13 -Ge13.14 -Ge13.15 -Ge13.16 -Ge13.17 -Ge13.18 -Ge14.1 allies 12-13 Lot is taken prisoner 14-16 Abram rescues him 17-20 Melchizedek blesses Abram at his return, who gives him tithes 21-24 The rest of the spoil, his partners having had their portions he restores to the king the king of Sodom -Ge14.2 -Ge14.3 -Ge14.4 -Ge14.5 afterwards reigned. beyond Jordan, 10 miles west-ward from Medeba, and afterwards belonged to Sihon, king of Heshbon 08300-900527-2319 -Ge14.6 -Ge14.7 the Dead Sea. -Ge14.8 -Ge14.9 -Ge14.10 Places where asphaltus or bitumen sprung out of the ground: this substance which is properly denoted by the word `slime,' abounds in these parts. -Ge14.11 -Ge14.12 -Ge14.13 -Ge14.14 -Ge14.15 -Ge14.16 -Ge14.17 -Ge14.18 -Ge14.19 -Ge14.20 -Ge14.21 -Ge14.22 -Ge14.23 -Ge14.24 -Ge15.1 4,5 God promises him a son, and a multiplying of his seed 6 Abram is justified by faith 7-21 Canaan is promised again, and confirmed by a sign, and a vision, prophetic of the condition of his posterity till brought out of Egypt -Ge15.2 -Ge15.3 -Ge15.4 -Ge15.5 -Ge15.6 -Ge15.7 -Ge15.8 -Ge15.9 -Ge15.10 -Ge15.11 -Ge15.12 -Ge15.13 -Ge15.14 -Ge15.15 -Ge15.16 -Ge15.17 -Ge15.18 -Ge15.19 -Ge15.20 -Ge15.21 -Ge16.1 4-6 Hagar, being afflicted for despising her mistress, runs away 7-12 An angel commands her to return and submit herself, promises her a numerous posterity, and shews their character and condition. 13,14 Hagar names the place, and returns to Sarai 15 Ishmael is born 16 The age of Abram -Ge16.2 -Ge16.3 -Ge16.4 -Ge16.5 -Ge16.6 -Ge16.7 The desert of Shur being between the south of Canaan, where Hebron was situated, and Egypt, it is likely that Hagar was returning to her own country. -Ge16.8 -Ge16.9 -Ge16.10 08350-900528-1034 -Ge16.11 -Ge16.12 The word rendered `wild' also denotes the `wild ass;' the description of which animal in Job 39.5-8, affords the very best representation of the wandering, lawless, freebooting life of the Bedouin and other Arabs, the descendants of Ishmael. -Ge16.13 -Ge16.14 -Ge16.15 -Ge16.16 -Ge17.1 Abraham, in token of a greater blessing 9-14 Circumcision is instituted 15,16 Sarai's name is changed to Sarah, and she is blessed 17-22 Isaac is promised, and the time of his birth fixed 23-27 Abrahm and Ishmael are circumcised -Ge17.2 -Ge17.3 -Ge17.4 -Ge17.5 -Ge17.6 -Ge17.7 -Ge17.8 -Ge17.9 -Ge17.10 -Ge17.11 -Ge17.12 -Ge17.13 -Ge17.14 -Ge17.15 -Ge17.16 -Ge17.17 -Ge17.18 -Ge17.19 in allusion to Abraham's laughing, verse 17. By this Abraham did not express his unbelief or weakness of faith, but his joy at the prospect of the fulfilment of so glorius a promise; and to this our Lord evidently alludes in John 8.56 -Ge17.20 -Ge17.21 -Ge17.22 -Ge17.23 -Ge17.24 -Ge17.25 Ishmael, retain the rite of circumcision to this day; and the latter perform it, as the other Mahometanus also do, at the age of thirteen. -Ge17.26 -Ge17.27 -Ge18.1 9-15 Sarah is reproved for laughing at the promise of a son 16-22 The destruction of Sodom is revealed to Abraham 23-33 Abraham makes intercession for the inhabitants In these verse we have a delightful picture of genuine and primitive hospitality: a venerable father sits at the tent door, not only to enjoy the current of refreshing air, but that if he saw any weary and exhasuted travellers, he might invite them to rest and refresh themselves during the heat of the day, and the same custom still continues in the east. It was not the custom, nor was there any necessity, for strangers to knock at the door, or to speak first, but to stand till they were invited. -Ge18.2 -Ge18.3 -Ge18.4 In those ancient times, shoes such as ours, were not in use; and the foot was protected only with sandals or soles, fastened round the foot with straps. It was, therefore, not only necessary from motives of cleanliness, but also a very great refreshment, in so hot a country to get the feet washed at the end of a day's journey; and this is the first thing that Abraham proposes. Rest in the shade was the second requisite for the refreshment of a weary traveller. -Ge18.5 This was the third requisite, and is introduced in its proper order; as eating immediately after exertion or fatigue is very unwholesome. -Ge18.6 -Ge18.7 -Ge18.8 -Ge18.9 -Ge18.10 -Ge18.11 -Ge18.12 -Ge18.13 -Ge18.14 -Ge18.15 -Ge18.16 -Ge18.17 08400-900528-1202 -Ge18.18 -Ge18.19 -Ge18.20 -Ge18.21 This is spoken figuratively; and as the jewish writers speak, according to the language of men. So eyes, ears, hands, and other members of the body are attributed to God, for effecting those things which men cannot accomplish without these members. -Ge18.22 The two, whom we suppose to have been created angels, departed at this time; and accordingly two entered Sodom at evening: while the one, called Jehovah throughout the chapter, continued with Abraham, who "stood yet before the Lord."- -Scott. -Ge18.23 -Ge18.24 -Ge18.25 -Ge18.26 -Ge18.27 -Ge18.28 -Ge18.29 -Ge18.30 -Ge18.31 -Ge18.32 -Ge18.33 -Ge19.1 4-11 The vicious Sodomites are smitten with blindness 12-14 Lot is warned, and in vain warns his sons-in-law 15-23 He is directed to flee with his family to the mountains, but obtains leave to go to Zoar. 24,25 Sodom and Gomorrah are destroyed 26-28 Lot's wife becomes a pillar of salt 29,30 Lot dwells in a cave 31-38 The incestuous origin of Ammon refering to those mentioned in the preceding chapter, and there called `men.' It seems (from ch. 18. ver 22,) that these two angels were sent to Sodom, while the third, who was the Lord or jehovah, remained with Abraham -Ge19.2 said unto him, for we lodge in the street;' where, nevertheless, the negation is understood. know the disposition of the inhabitants, and appearing in the character of mere travellers, they preferred the open street to any house; but not yet willing to make themselves known, as Lot presssed them vehemently, and as they knew him to be a righteous man, they consented to take shelter under his hospitable roof. -Ge19.3 -Ge19.4 -Ge19.5 -Ge19.6 Two words are here used for door: the first {pethach}, which is the {door-way}, at which Lot went out; the latter, {deleth}, the {leaf} of the door, which he shut after him when out. -Ge19.7 -Ge19.8 -Ge19.9 -Ge19.10 -Ge19.11 The word {sanverim}, rendered `blindness,' and wich occurs only here, and in 2ki 6.18, is supposed to denote {dazzlings, deceptions, or confusions} of sight from excessive light; being derived by Schultens, who is followed by Parkhurst, from the Arabic {sana} which signifies a flash, or or, light. The Targums, in both places where it occurs, render it by {erruptions} or {flashes} of light, or as Mercer, in Robertson, explains the Chaldee word, {irradiations.} -Ge19.12 -Ge19.13 -Ge19.14 -Ge19.15 -Ge19.16 -Ge19.17 -Ge19.18 -Ge19.19 -Ge19.20 -Ge19.21 -Ge19.22 -Ge19.23 -Ge19.24 The word rendered `brimstone,' (q.d. brennestone, or brinnestone, id est burning-stone,) is always rendered by the LXX. `sulphur,' and seems to denote a {meteorous inflammable matter.} -Ge19.25 -Ge19.26 This unhappy woman, says the Rev. T. Scott, `looked back,' contrary to God's express command, perhaps with a hope of returning, which latter supposition is favoured by our Lord's words, `Let him not {return back}: remember Lot's wife.' She was, therefore, instantaneously struck dead and petrified, and thus remained to after ages a visible monument of the Divine displeasure. -Ge19.27 -Ge19.28 -Ge19.29 -Ge19.30 -Ge19.31 -Ge19.32 -Ge19.33 -Ge19.34 08450-900528-1943 -Ge19.35 -Ge19.36 -Ge19.37 This name is generally interpreted of the father; from {mo}, of, and {av}, a father. -Ge19.38 people. -Ge20.1 2 Denies his wife, who is taken by Abimelech 3-8 Abimelech is reproved for her in a dream 9-13 He rebukes Abraham 14,15 Restores Sarah 16 and reproves her 17,18 Abimelech and his family are healed at Abraham's prayer Gerar was a city of Arabia Petraea, under a king of the Philistines 25 miles from Eleutheropolis beyond Daroma, in the south of Judah. From ch 10.19, it appears to have been situated in the angle where the south and west sides of Canaan met, and to have been not far from Gaza. Jerome, in his Hebrew Traditions on Genesis, says, from Gerar to Jerusalem was three days' journey. There was a wood near Gerar, spoken of Theodoret; and a brook (ch. 26.26) on which was a monastery, notice by Sozomen. -Ge20.2 -Ge20.3 -Ge20.4 -Ge20.5 -Ge20.6 -Ge20.7 signifies one who {foretels} future events, byt also an {intercessor, instructor}. abilities; hence Aaron, because he was the spokesman of Moses to the Egyptian king, is called a prophet. -Ge20.8 -Ge20.9 -Ge20.10 -Ge20.11 -Ge20.12 Ebn Batrik, in his annals, among other ancient traditions, has preserved the following: `Terah first married {Yona}, by whom he had Abraham; afterwards he married {Tehevita}, by whom he had Sarah.' -Ge20.13 -Ge20.14 -Ge20.15 -Ge20.16 What these pieces were is not certain; but it is probable they were {shekels}, as it is so understood by the Targum; and the LXX. render it {didrachma}, by which the Hebrew shekel is rendered in ch. 23.15,16 Or, `behold IT (the 1000 shekels) is to thee,' etc. -Ge20.17 -Ge20.18 -Ge21.1 6,7 Sarah's joy 8 Isaac is weaned 9-14 Hagar and Ishmael are cast forth 15,16 Hagar in distress 17-21 The angel relieves and comforts her 23-34 Abimelech's covenant with Abraham at Beer-sheba -Ge21.2 -Ge21.3 -Ge21.4 -Ge21.5 -Ge21.6 Sarah most likely remembered the circumstance mentioned in ch. 18.12; and also the name Isaac, which implies {laughter}. -Ge21.7 -Ge21.8 -Ge21.9 -Ge21.10 The word rendered `cast out,' signifies also to {divorce} -Ge21.11 -Ge21.12 -Ge21.13 -Ge21.14 So called when Moses wrote; but not before Abraham's covenant with Abimelech, ver. 31. Such instances of the figure prolepsis are not unfrequent in the Pentatuch. -Ge21.15 him from the intensity of the heat. -Ge21.16 -Ge21.17 -Ge21.18 -Ge21.19 -Ge21.20 -Ge21.21 -Ge21.22 -Ge21.23 -Ge21.24 -Ge21.25 Wells of water were of great consequence in those hot countries especially where the flocks were nunerous; because water was scarce, and digging to find it was attended with the expense of much time and labour. -Ge21.26 `Wot,' though used for the present, is the past tense of the almost obsolete word `to wit,' from the Saxon {witan}, to know. -Ge21.27 -Ge21.28 08500-900528-2110 -Ge21.29 -Ge21.30 -Ge21.31 alluding to the seven ewe lambs. The verb rendered `to swear' is derived from the word translated seven. -Ge21.32 -Ge21.33 a plantation, an orchard, a cultivated field, and an oak; but it may denote a kind of tararisk, as it is rendered by Gesenius, the same with the Arabic {athl}. Dr. Shuckford justly contends, that the expression rendered, `he called on the name,' signifies, `he invoked in the name.' -Ge21.34 -Ge22.1 3-10 He gives proof of his faith and obedience 11,12 The angel prevents him 13 Isaac is exchanged for a ram 14 The place is called Jehovah-jireh 15-19 Abraham is again blessed 20-24 The genrations of Nahor unto Rebekah -Ge22.2 -Ge22.3 -Ge22.4 -Ge22.5 -Ge22.6 -Ge22.7 -Ge22.8 -Ge22.9 -Ge22.10 -Ge22.11 -Ge22.12 -Ge22.13 -Ge22.14 The meaning is, that God, in the greatest difficulties, when all human assistance is vain, will make a suitable provision for the deliverance of those who trust in Him. -Ge22.15 -Ge22.16 -Ge22.17 -Ge22.18 -Ge22.19 -Ge22.20 -Ge22.21 Kemuel might have given name to the Kamilites, a people of Syria, mentioned by Strabo, to the west of the Euphrates. -Ge22.22 -Ge22.23 -Ge22.24 Felix: there is a city called Maca towards the straits of Ormus. -Ge23.1 3-18 The purchase of the field and cave of Machpelah 19,20 where Sarah is buried death, and burial are distinctly noted in the Sacred writings. -Ge23.2 For the convenience of feeding his numerous flocks, Abrahm had several places of temporary residence; and it is likely, that while he sojourned at Beer-sheba, as we find he did fron ver. 19 of the preceeding chapter, Sarah died at Hebron, which was 24 miles distant. -Ge23.3 -Ge23.4 -Ge23.5 -Ge23.6 -Ge23.7 -Ge23.8 -Ge23.9 -Ge23.10 Or, sitting (as the word frequently deonotes) among the children of Heth, at the gate of the city, where all public business was transacted. Ephron, though a chief man, might have been personally unknown to Abraham; but now he answers for himself, making a free tender of the field and cave to Abraham, in the presence of all the people, which amounted to a legal conveyance to the Patriarch. -Ge23.11 -Ge23.12 -Ge23.13 -Ge23.14 -Ge23.15 Though the words `is worth' are not in the Text, yet they are clearly implied, to adapt the Hebrew to the English idiom. A shekel, according to the general opinion, was equal in value to about 2s. 6d. of our money, but according to Dr. Prideaux, 3s English. In those early times, money was given in weight; for it is said (ver 16.) that `Abraham weighed' {wayishkal}, the silver; and hence, we find that it was a certain weight which afterwards passed as a current coin; for the word shekel is not only used to denote a piece of sliver, but also to weigh. -Ge23.16 -Ge23.17 -Ge23.18 -Ge23.19 -Ge23.20 08550-900602-2059 -Ge24.1 10,11 The servant's journey 12,13 His prayer 14 His sign 15-17 Rebekah meets him 18-21 fulfils his sign 22 receives jewels 23,24 shews her kindred 25 invites him home 26,27 The servant blesses God 29-33 Laban entertains him 34-49 The servant shows his message 50-57 Laban and Bethuel approve it 58-61 Rebekah consents to go, and departs 62-67 Isaac meets and marries her -Ge24.2 -Ge24.3 -Ge24.4 worldly policy, or any of those motives which usually govern men in the settlement of their children. No mention is made of riches, or honours, or natural accomplishments, but merely of what related to God.- -Fuller. -Ge24.5 -Ge24.6 -Ge24.7 -Ge24.8 -Ge24.9 -Ge24.10 -Ge24.11 -Ge24.12 -Ge24.13 -Ge24.14 -Ge24.15 -Ge24.16 -Ge24.17 -Ge24.18 -Ge24.19 -Ge24.20 -Ge24.21 -Ge24.22 have been an ear-ring, or a `jewel for the forehead,' but `a jewel for the nose, a nose-ring,' which is in use throughout Arabia and Persia, particularly among young women. It is very properly translated [], `an ornament for the nose,' by Symmachus; and Sir John Chardin informs us, that `it is a custom in almost all the East, for the women to wear rings in their noses, in the left nostrikl, which is bored low down in the middle. These rings are of gold, and have commonly two pearls and one ruby between, placed in the ring. I never saw a girl or young woman in Arabia or in all Persia, who did not wear a ring after this manner in her nostril.' The word rendered `bracelet,' from a root which signifies `to join or couple together,' may imply whatever may clasp round the arms and legs; for rings and ornaments are worn round both by females in India and Persia. The small part of the leg, and the whole arm, from the shoulder to the wrist, are generally decorated in this way. As these were given to Rebekah for `her hands,' it sufficiently distinguishes them from similar ornaments for the ankles. -Ge24.23 -Ge24.24 -Ge24.25 -Ge24.26 -Ge24.27 -Ge24.28 Some have conjectured from this, that her father Bethuel was dead; and the person called Bethuel, (ver. 50) was a younger brother. This is possible; but as Dr. A. clarke remarks, the mother's house might be mentioned were even the father alive; for in Asiatic countries, the women have apartments entirely separate from those of the men, in which their little children and grown-up daughters reside with them. This was probably the case here; though, from the whole narrative, it is very probable that Bethuel was dead, as the whole business appears to be conducted by Rebekah's brothers. -Ge24.29 -Ge24.30 -Ge24.32 Straw, by the eastern mode of threshing, was cut or shattered, and reduced to a kind of chaff. With this, sometimes mixed with a little barley, the eastern people still feed their labouring beasts as they anciently did. -Ge24.33 -Ge24.34 -Ge24.35 -Ge24.36 -Ge24.37 The Canaanites were infected with gross idolatry; and consequently not proper persons with whom to form so intimate a conexion; especially as Jehovah had shown Abraham thay they were filling up their measure of iniquity, and were doomed to destruction. -Ge24.38 settled; and where he himslef had remained some time with his father Terah. Nahor did not dwell at Ur of the Chaldees, but at Haran in Mesopotamia. The true worship of God seems to have been in some measure preserved in this family, though afterwards corrupted. -Ge24.39 We may see, says Calmet, by this and other passages of Scripture, (Jos 9.18) what the sentiments of the ancients were relative to an oathe. They believed that they were bound precisely by what was spoken, and had no liberty to interpret the intentions of those by whom the oath was made. -Ge24.40 -Ge24.41 -Ge24.42 -Ge24.43 -Ge24.44 contirvance, or chance, are matters of appointment with God; and the persuation of this does not prevent, but rather encourage, the use of all proper means; at the same time that it confines us to proper means, and delivers the mind from useless anxiety about consequences. -Ge24.45 -Ge24.46 -Ge24.47 -Ge24.48 -Ge24.49 -Ge24.50 These seem both to be brothers, of whom laban was the eldest and chief: the opinion of Josephus appears to be very correct, that Bethuel, the father, had been dead some time. 08600-900602-2318 -Ge24.51 -Ge24.52 -Ge24.53 The original word denotes {vessels, utensils, instruments, furniture, or dress}; and these presented by Abraham's servant might have be of various kinds. No mention is made of her father This term, rendered `precious things,' as may be seen in the parallel texts, is used to express exquisite fruits or delicacies, and precious plants or flowers: but here it may mean gifts in general, though rather of an inferior kind to those mentioned above -Ge24.54 -Ge24.55 -Ge24.56 -Ge24.57 -Ge24.58 -Ge24.59 -Ge24.60 large family being always considered, in ancient times, as a proof of the peculiar blessing and favour of God. -Ge24.61 -Ge24.62 -Ge24.63 They who acknowledge God in all their ways, will find him present to direct their paths, and make their way prosperous; and when the prayer of faith meets with an immediate answer, the glory ought as speedily to be rendered to God in solemn praise and thanksgiving. -Ge24.64 -Ge24.65 -Ge24.66 -Ge24.67 Sarah, being dead, her tent, which, according to the custom of the east, was distinct from that of Abraham, became now appropriated to the use of Rebekah. -Ge25.1 5,6 The division of his goods 7-10 His age, death, and burial 11 God blesses Isaac 12-16 The generations of Ishmael 17,18 His age and death 19-21 Isaac prays for Rebekah, being barren 22,23 The children strive in her womb 24-26 The birth of Esau and Jacob 27,28 Their different characters and pursuits 29-34 Esau sells his birthright -Ge25.2 -Ge25.3 -Ge25.4 -Ge25.5 all things.' -Ge25.6 Arabia Deserta, which was eastward of beer-sheba, where Abraham dwelt. -Ge25.7 -Ge25.8 -Ge25.9 -Ge25.10 -Ge25.11 -Ge25.12 -Ge25.13 From Nebajoth sprang the Nabatheans, who inhabited Arabia Petraea; from Kedar, the Cedereans, who dwelt near the NNabatheans; and from Jetur, the Itureans, who inhabited a small tract of country east of Jordan, which afterwards belonged to Manasseh. -Ge25.14 -Ge25.15 More than 300 MSS. and printed editions read {Hadad}, as in 1ch 1.30 These are evidently the same people mentioned in 1ch 5.19, who, with the Itureans, assisthed Hagarenes against the Israelites, but were overcome by the two tribes of Reuben and Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh. -Ge25.16 denote here `towers,' fortified rocks, or mountain tops, and fastnesses of various kinds in woods and hilly countries; but it rather means, `shepherds' cots,' surrounded by sufficient enclosures to prevent the cattle form straying, as the cognate Syriac word {teyaro}, and Arabic {tawar}, signify `a sheep-fold. ' -Ge25.17 -Ge25.18 -Ge25.19 -Ge25.20 -Ge25.21 -Ge25.22 -Ge25.23 -Ge25.24 -Ge25.25 The word {Esau} has been generally considered to imply {made, formed, or perfected; or perfect, robust, etc.} But it appears to be a dialectical variation of the Arabia {atha} to be covered with hair; whence {athai}, hairy, as no doubt the word Esau imports, in allusion to the circumstance of his being covred with red hair or down at his birth. -Ge25.26 -Ge25.27 -Ge25.28 -Ge25.29 -Ge25.30 pottage. This, we are informed, (verse 34) was of lentiles, a sort of pulse. -Ge25.31 -Ge25.32 -Ge25.33 08650-900603-1423 -Ge25.34 -Ge26.1 instructs and blesses him 7-11 He is reproved by Abimilech for denying his wife 12-17 He grows rich, and the Philistines envy his property 18-22 He digs Esek, Sitnah, and Rehoboth 23-33 God appears to him at Beer-sheba, and blesses him; and Abimilech makes a covenant with him 34,35 Esau's wives -Ge26.2 -Ge26.3 -Ge26.4 -Ge26.5 -Ge26.6 -Ge26.7 -Ge26.8 -Ge26.9 -Ge26.10 -Ge26.11 -Ge26.12 The author of the "History of the Piratical States of Barbary" observes, (p.44) that the Moors of that country are divided into tribes like the Arabians, and like them dwell in tents, formed in itenerant villages; that `these wanderers farm lands of the inhabitants of the towns, sow and cultivate them, paying their rent with the produce, such as fruits, corn, wax, etc. They are very skillful in choosing the most advantagous soils for every season, and very careful to avoid the Turkish troops, the violence of the one little suiting the purpose of the other.' It is natural to suppose, that Isaac possessed the like sagacity, when he sowed in the land of Gerar, nad received that year an hundred-fold. -Ge26.13 Dr. Adam clarke remarks, that there is a strange and observable occurrence of the same term in the original, which is literally, `And the man was GREAT, and he went, going on, and was GREAT, until that he was exceeding GREAT.' How simple is this language, and yet how forcible! -Ge26.14 -Ge26.15 hence, this mode of injuring new settlers, or revenging themselves on their enemies, is still resorted to among the inhabitants. -Ge26.16 Dr. A. Clarke observes, that this is the first instance on record of what was termed among the Greeks, {ostracism}, i.e., the banishment of person from the state, of whose power, influence, or riches, the people were jealous. -Ge26.17 -Ge26.18 Houbigant contends, that instead of {bimey}, `in the days,' we should read, {avdey, `servants;' agreeably to the Samaritan, Septuagint, Syriac, and Vulgate: `And Isaac digged again the wells of water which the {servants} of Abraham his father had digged.' -Ge26.19 -Ge26.20 -Ge26.21 -Ge26.22 The wells in Arabia are genrally dug in the rock: their mouths are about six feet in diameter, and they are from nineteen to twenty feet in depth. But Niebuhr informs us, that many wells are from 160 to 170 feet deep. -Ge26.23 -Ge26.24 -Ge26.25 -Ge26.26 Phicol, as well as Abimelech, `father king,' seems to have been a name of office or dignity among the Philistines; for it is not probable that they were the same as are mentioned in the days of Abraham. -Ge26.27 -Ge26.28 -Ge26.29 -Ge26.30 -Ge26.31 -Ge26.32 -Ge26.33 hundred years before this, in the time of Abraham; but as the well, from which it had its name originally, was closed up by the Philistines, the name of the place might have been abolished with the well; when, therefore, Isaac re-opened it, he restored the ancient name of the place. -Ge26.34 -Ge26.35 -Ge27.1 6-13 Rebekah instructs jacob to obtain the blessing 14-29 Jacob, feigning to be Esau, obtains it 30-32 Esau brings venison 33 Isaac trembles 34-40 Esau complains, and by importunity obtains a blessing 41 He threatens Jacob's life 42-46 Rebekah disappoints him, by sending Jacob away -Ge27.2 -Ge27.3 -Ge27.4 The blessing, says Dr. A. Clarke, which Isaac was to confer on his son, was a species of {divine right}, and must be communicated with appropriate ceremonies. As eating and drinking were used among the Sasiatics on almost all religious occasions, and especially in making and confirming covenants, it is reasonable to suppose, that something of this kind was essentially necessary on this occasion; and that Isaac could not convey the {right}, till he had eaten of the meat provided for the purpose by {him} who was to receive the blessing. -Ge27.5 -Ge27.6 -Ge27.7 -Ge27.8 -Ge27.9 is uncertain, but its name declares it nature. -Ge27.10 -Ge27.11 -Ge27.12 -Ge27.13 -Ge27.14 08700-900603-1544 -Ge27.15 garment that great men used to wear, (Lu 20.46; 15.22) The priest aftwerwards in the law had `holy garments' to minister in, (Ex 28.2-4). Whether the first-born before the law had such to minister in is not certain: for, had they been {common} garments, why did not Esau himself or his wives keep them? But being, in likelihood, holy robes, received from their ancestors, the mother of the family kept them in sweet chests, from mother and the like; whereupon it is said (ver 27) `Isaac smelled the smell of his garments.' -Ge27.16 Travellers inform us, that the Eastern goats have long, fine, and beautiful hair, of the most delicate silky softness; indeed the animals generally in those hot countires are not covered with so thick a coat of hair as they are in more northernly regionsl so that Isaac might easily be deceived, when his eyes were dim, and his feeling no less impared than his sight. -Ge27.17 -Ge27.18 -Ge27.19 -Ge27.20 -Ge27.21 -Ge27.22 How wonderful, says Mr. Scott, is that difference which there is betwixt the faces and the voices of the several individuals of the human species! Scarcely any two of the innumerable millions are exactly alike in either, and yet the difference cannot be defined or described! The power, wisdom, and kindness of our Creator should be admired and adored in this remarkable circumstance; for they are very visible. This description of Jacob is not unaptly accommodated to the character of a hypocrite: his voice, his language, is that of a Christian; his hand, or conduct, that of an ungodly maid: but the judgment will proceed from God, the Judge of all, at the last day, as in the present cand, not by the voice, but by the hands. -Ge27.23 -Ge27.24 -Ge27.25 -Ge27.26 -Ge27.27 A field where aromatic plants, flowers, fruits, and spices grew in abundance, with which these garments (see ver. 15) of Esau might probably have been perfumed by being laid up with them. -Ge27.28 -Ge27.29 -Ge27.30 -Ge27.32 -Ge27.33 greatly. -Ge27.34 -Ge27.35 -Ge27.36 -Ge27.37 -Ge27.38 -Ge27.39 advantage, the two brothers should be much alike. (See verse 28) Esau had cattle, beasts, and substance in abundance, and he went to dwell in Mount Seir of his own accord. When the Israelites desired leave to pass through the territories of Edom, the country abounded with {fruitful fields and vineyards}. -Ge27.40 -Ge27.41 -Ge27.42 -Ge27.43 -Ge27.44 -Ge27.45 -Ge27.46 -Ge28.1 6-9 Esau marries Mahalath the daughter of Ismael 10-17 Jacob journeys, and has a vision of a ladder 18,19 The stone of Beth-el 20-22 Jacob's vow -Ge28.2 -Ge28.3 -Ge28.4 -Ge28.5 Whoever observes jacob's life, after he had surreptitiously obtained his father's blessing, will perceive that he enjoyed very little worldly felicity. His brother purposed to murder him, to avoid which he was forced to flee from his father's house; his uncle Laban deceived him, as he had deceived his father, and treated him with great rigour; after a servitude of 21 years, he was obliged to leave him in a clandestine manner, not without danger of being brought back, or murdred by his enraged brother; no sooner were these fears over, than he experienced the baseness of his son Reuben, in defiling his bed; he had next to bewail the treachgery and cruelty of Simeon and Levi twords the Shechemites; then he had to feel the loss of his beloved wife; he was next imposed upon by his own sons, and had to lament the supposed untimely end Joseph; and to complete all, he was forced by famine to go into Egypt, and there died, in a strange land. So just, wonderful, and instructive are all the ways of Providence! -Ge28.6 -Ge28.7 -Ge28.8 -Ge28.9 -Ge28.10 -Ge28.11 {one} stone. -Ge28.12 -Ge28.13 -Ge28.14 -Ge28.15 -Ge28.16 -Ge28.17 -Ge28.18 The practice of setting up stones as a memorial by travellers still exists in Persia, and other parts of the East. 08750-900603-1706 -Ge28.19 i.e., the house of God -Ge28.20 -Ge28.21 -Ge28.22 -Ge29.1 9-12 He becomes acquainted with Rachel 13-17 Laban entertains him 18-22 He is deceived by Laban with leah 28-31 He marries also Rachel, and serves for her seven years more 32 Leah bears Reuben 33 Simeon 34 Levi, and 35 Judah Euphrates, are called {Kedem}, or the East, in the Sacred Writings. -Ge29.2 In Arabia, and other places in the East, they cover up their wells of water, lest the sand, which is put in motion by the winds, should fill and quite stop them up. So great was their care not to leave the well open any length of time, that they waited till the flocks were all gathered together before they began to draw water, and when they had finished, the well was immediately closed again. -Ge29.3 Instead of {haadarim}, the flocks the Samaritan reads {haroin}, `the shepherds,' as does also the Arabic in Walton's Polyglott. This verse describes what was usually done by some mutual compact among the shepherds, and shows the purpose for which the flocks lay by the well; for the stone was not removed till all the flocks had been collected. Scott. -Ge29.4 -Ge29.5 -Ge29.6 -Ge29.7 -Ge29.8 -Ge29.9 In those primitive times, a pastoral life was not only considered useful but honourable: nor was it beneath the dignity of the daughters of the most opulent chiefs to carry water from the well, or thend the sheep. Jacob, Moses, and David were shepherds. -Ge29.10 -Ge29.11 -Ge29.12 -Ge29.13 -Ge29.14 -Ge29.15 -Ge29.16 -Ge29.17 -Ge29.18 In ancient times, it was a custom among many nations to give dowries for their wives; but Jacob, being poor, offered for Rachel seven year's service. -Ge29.19 -Ge29.20 -Ge29.21 -Ge29.22 -Ge29.23 -Ge29.24 -Ge29.25 -Ge29.26 -Ge29.27 -Ge29.28 The public marriage feast made on this occasion, seems to have formed the regular method of recognising the marriage, and lasted seven days: it would therefore have been improper to have broken off the solemnities to which all the men of the place had been invited (ver. 22) and probably Laban wished to keep the fraud from the public eye. It is perfectly plain that Jacob did not serve seven more years before he got Rachel to wife. -Ge29.29 -Ge29.30 -Ge29.31 -Ge29.32 -Ge29.33 -Ge29.34 -Ge29.35 (See ch 30.17, etc.) -Ge30.1 Jacob 5-8 Bilhah bears Dan and Naphtali 9-13 Leah gives Ailpah her maid, who bears Gad and Asher 14-16 Reuben finds mandrakes, with which leah buys her husband's company of Rachel 17-21 Leah bears Issachar, Zebulun, and Dinah 22-24 Rachel bears Joseph 25,26 Jacob desires to depart 27-36 Laban detains him on a new agreement 37-43 Jacob's policy, whereby he becomes rich the breast that harbours them, vexatious to all around, and introductory to much impatience and ungodliness. `Who is able to stand before envy.' -Ge30.2 -Ge30.3 -Ge30.4 -Ge30.5 -Ge30.6 -Ge30.7 -Ge30.8 -Ge30.9 -Ge30.10 -Ge30.11 08800-900603-1834 -Ge30.12 -Ge30.13 -Ge30.14 The mandrake may be the Hebrew {dudaim}: it is so rendered by all the ancient versions, and is a spedies of melon, of an agreeable odour. Hasselquist, speaking of Nazareth in Galilee, says, `What I found most remarkable at this village was the great number of mandrakes which grew in a vale below it. I had not the pleasure of seeing this plant in blossom, the fruit now (May 5th, O. S.) hanging ripe on the stem, which lay withered on the ground. From the season in which this mandrake blossoms and ripens fruit, one might form a conjecture that it was Rachel's {dudaim}. These were brought her in the wheat harvest, which in Galilee is in the month of May, about this time, and the mandrake was now in fruit.' The Abbee Mariti describes it as growing `low like a lettuce, to which its leaves have a great resemblence, except that they have a dark green colour. The flowers are purple, and the root is for the most part forked. The fruit, when ripe in the beginning of May, is of the size and colour of a small apple, exceedingly ruddy, and of a most agreeable odour. Our guide thought us fools for suspecting it to be unwholesome.' -Ge30.15 -Ge30.16 -Ge30.17 -Ge30.18 -Ge30.19 -Ge30.20 -Ge30.21 -Ge30.22 -Ge30.23 therefore was reckoned a reproach. The intense desire of having children, observable among the Jewish women, arose not only from this reproach of barrenness, but from the hope of being the mother of the promised seed, and Him in whom all the nations of the earth were to be blessed. -Ge30.24 -Ge30.25 -Ge30.26 -Ge30.27 -Ge30.28 -Ge30.29 -Ge30.30 -Ge30.31 -Ge30.32 -Ge30.33 Supply the ellipsis by inserting `if found,' after `stolen' and the sense will be clear. -Ge30.34 -Ge30.35 From this it appears, that, as Jacob had agreed to take all the parti-coloured for his wages, and was now only beginning to act on this agreement, and consequently had as yet no right to any cattle, therefore Laban separated from the flock all such cattle as Jacob might afterwards clain in consequence of his bargain, leaving only the black and white with jacob. -Ge30.37 Livneh is the white poplar, so called from the whiteness of its leaves, bark, and wood, from {lavan} to be white. say, that {luz} is not the `hazel' but the almond-tree, as the word denotes both in Arabic and Syriac. the bark naturally peeling off, and leaving the trunk naked, as its root {dram}, signifies. -Ge30.38 -Ge30.39 -Ge30.40 -Ge30.41 As the means which Jacob used would not in general produce similar effects, nay, probably the experiment was never in any other instance tried with effect, it is more in harmony with Divine truth to suppose that he was directed by some Divine intimation; and rendered successful, if not by a direct miracle, yet at least by the Lord's giving a new and uncommon bias to the tendency of natural causes. -Ge30.42 -Ge30.43 his providence. -Ge31.1 departs secretly 19 Rachel steals her father's images 22-33 Laban pursues after him, and complains of the wrong 34-35 Rachel's strategem to hide the images 36-42 Jacob's complaint of laban 43-55 The covenant of Laban and Jacob at Galeed `Glory,' is here used for `wealth,' riches or property; since those who possess riches, generally make them the subject of glory. The original word {cavod}, signifies both `glory,' and `weight.' -Ge31.2 -Ge31.3 -Ge31.4 -Ge31.5 -Ge31.6 -Ge31.7 The Hebrew, {aseeth monim}, is literally, as Aquilla renders, `ten numbers;' and Symmachus, `ten times in number;' which probably implies an indefinite number: -Ge31.8 -Ge31.9 -Ge31.10 The original word, {beroodim}, from {barad}, `hail' means marked with withe spots like hail; to which our word {grisled} from the old french {gresle}, now {grele}, hail, perfectly agrees; hence {gresle}, spotted with white on a dark ground. -Ge31.11 -Ge31.12 -Ge31.13 -Ge31.14 -Ge31.15 -Ge31.16 -Ge31.17 -Ge31.18 -Ge31.19 idolatrous purposes, as they are termed {gods} by Laban in verse 30. The Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan render it, {tzalmanaya, `images;' the LXX and Theodoret, [] `idols;' Aquilla, [], `figures;' and the Persian, {asterlabha,} `astrolabes.' -Ge31.20 -Ge31.21 -Ge31.22 -Ge31.23 -Ge31.24 -Ge31.25 -Ge31.26 -Ge31.27 -Ge31.28 -Ge31.29 -Ge31.30 -Ge31.31 -Ge31.32 This was rash, and might have produced fatal effects; but jacob was partial to Rachel, and did not suspect her; and he was indignant at being accused of a crime which he deeply abhorred -Ge31.33 -Ge31.34 The word, {car}, rendered `furniture,' properly denotes `a large round pannier,' placed one on each side of a camel, for a person, especially women, to ride in. It is a hamper, like a cradle, having a back, head, and sides, like a great chair. Noryson describes them as `two long chairs like cradles, covered with red cloth, to hang on the two sides of the camel.' Hanway calls the {kedgavays}, which `are a kind of covered chairs, which the Persians hang over their camels in the manner of panniers, and are big enough for one person to sit in.' Thevenot, who calls then {counes}, says that they lay over them a cover, which keeps then both from the rain and sun; and Maillet describes them as covered cages, hanging on each side of a camel. The late Editor of Calmet has furnished a correct delineation of these {cars}, as seen on one side of a camel, copied from Dalton's Prints of Egyptian Figures. -Ge31.35 -Ge31.36 -Ge31.37 -Ge31.38 -Ge31.39 -Ge31.40 -Ge31.41 -Ge31.42 -Ge31.43 -Ge31.44 their malice; and then, though they have no love for his people, they will pretend to it, and try to make a merit of necessity. SCOTT. -Ge31.45 -Ge31.46 The word {gal}, rendered `heap' probably signifies a {round} heap or circle; probably like the Druidical reamins in this country, which have been traced in India, Persia, Western Asia, Greece, and Northern Europe. These usually consist of irregular circles of large stones, with a principal one in the midst; the former probably being used for seats, and the latter for an altar; corresponding to the stone set up as a pillar by Jacob, and the heap of stones collected by his brethren. They appear to have been used, as {Gilgal} undoubtedly was, people. For a satisfactory elucidation of the subject, consult the Fragments to Calmet Nos. 156, 735, 736 -Ge31.47 i.e., the heap of witness i.e., the heap of witness [heb] -Ge31.48 -Ge31.49 i.e., a beacon, or watch-tower -Ge31.50 -Ge31.51 `Thou hast set up,' with one Heb. and one Sam MS. -Ge31.52 -Ge31.53 For {avihem} `Their father,' several MSS. read {avichem}, `Your father,' for Terah was an idolater: -Ge31.54 -Ge31.55 -Ge32.1 3-5 His message to Esau 6-8 He is afraid of Esau's coming 9-12 He prays for deliverance 13-23 He sends a present to Esau, and passes the brook Jabbok 24-30 He wrestles with an angel at Peniel, where he is called Israel 31,32 He halts -Ge32.2 the present Djezan. -Ge32.3 The land, or mountains, of Seir was situated south and east of the Dead Sea; forming a continuation of the eastern Syrain chain of mountains, beginning with Antilibanus, and extending from thence to the eastern gulf of the Red Sea. -Ge32.4 -Ge32.5 -Ge32.6 -Ge32.7 -Ge32.8 -Ge32.9 -Ge32.10 -Ge32.11 -Ge32.12 -Ge32.13 had put in his power or possession. 08900-900604-2244 -Ge32.14 particularly valuable; for among the Arabs they constitute a principal part of their riches; being every way so serviceable, that the providence of God appears peculiarly kind and wise in providing such animals for those countries where no other animal could be of equal service. The she camel gives milk continually, not ceasing even when with young; the milk of which, when mixed with three parts of water, affords the most pleasant and wholesome beverage. -Ge32.15 -Ge32.16 -Ge32.17 -Ge32.18 -Ge32.19 -Ge32.20 -Ge32.21 -Ge32.22 its rise in the mountains of Gilead, and falls into the Jordan to the south of the alke of Gennesareth. It is now called the Zerka. -Ge32.23 -Ge32.24 -Ge32.25 -Ge32.26 -Ge32.27 -Ge32.28 Or, according to the LXX., Vulgate, Houbigant, Dathe, and Rosenmuller, `because thou hast power with God, thous shalt also prevail with men.' There is a beautiful antithesis between the two terms, with [], Elohim, god, the Almighty, with [], anashim, weak, feeble men, as the word imports; seeing thou hast had power with the Almighty, surely thou shalt prevail over perishing mortals. -Ge32.29 -Ge32.30 Peniel, or Penuel, was evidently situated near the ford of Jabbok, on the north of that stream, about forty miles from Jerusalem. -Ge32.31 -Ge32.32 -Ge33.1 17 Jacob comes to Succoth 18-20 At Shalem he buys a field, and builds an altar, called El-elohe -Israel -Ge33.2 -Ge33.3 -Ge33.4 -Ge33.5 -Ge33.6 -Ge33.7 -Ge33.8 to thee. -Ge33.9 thine. -Ge33.10 To accept a present from an inferior was a customary pledge of friendship; but returning it implied disaffection. It was on this ground that Jacob was so urgent with Esau to receive his present. -Ge33.11 -Ge33.12 -Ge33.14 -Ge33.15 -Ge33.16 -Ge33.17 the brook Jabbol and that river, about 40 miles from Jerusalem, and consequently near Penuel; where a city was afterwards built, which Joshua assigned to the tribe of Gad. Jerome says, that Succoth was in the district of Scythopolis; and the Jews inform us, that the name of Darala was sometime after applied to it. -Ge33.18 The word Shalem, in the Samaritan Shalom, should probably be rendered `in peace,' or `in safety;' as it is translated by the Chaldee, Arabic, Coverdale, and Matthewes. situated in a narrow valley, abounding with springs, between Mounts Ebal and Gerizim, having the former on the north, and the latter on the south; 10 miles from Shiloh, and 34 from Jerusalem. It became the capital of Samaria, after the ruin of the city of that name. -Ge33.19 pieces of money. or, lambs. -Ge33.20 -Ge34.1 4-12 He sues to marry her 13-19 The sons of Jacob offer the condition of circumcision to the Shechemites 20-24 Hamor and Shechem persuade them to accept it 25-29 The sons of Jacob upon that advantage slay them, and spoil their city. 30,31 Jacob reproves Simeon and Levi -Ge34.2 -Ge34.3 -Ge34.4 -Ge34.5 -Ge34.6 -Ge34.7 -Ge34.8 -Ge34.9 -Ge34.10 -Ge34.11 08950-900605-2134 -Ge34.12 On the practice of purchasing wives, De La Roque says, "Properly speaking, a young man who would marry must purchase his wife; and fathers among the Arabs are never so happy as when they have many daughters. They form part of the riches of the house. Accordingly, when a young man would treat with a person whod daughter he is inclined to marry, he says to him, `Will you give me your daughter for fifty sheep, for six camels, or for a dozen cows? according to the rank of her family, and the circumstances of him who desires to marry her." -Ge34.13 -Ge34.14 -Ge34.15 -Ge34.16 -Ge34.17 -Ge34.18 -Ge34.19 -Ge34.20 -Ge34.21 -Ge34.22 -Ge34.23 -Ge34.24 In thus falling into this measure, the shechemites must either have had great affection for their chief and his son, or have been under the influence of the most passive obedience. The petty princes of Asia have always been absolute and despotic; their subjects paying them the most prompt and blind obedience. The following instance will sufficiently illustrate and confirm this statement: Abu Thater, chief of the Carmathians, about the year 930, with only 500 horse, went to lay siege to Bagdad: the khalif's general marched out to sieze him; but before the attack, sent an officer to summon him to surrender. `How many men has the khalif's general?' said Abu Thaher; `30,000,' replied the officer. `Among them all,' says the Carmathian chief,`has he got three like mine?' Then ordering his followers to approach, he commanded one to stab himself, another to throw himself from a precipice, and a third to plunge into the Tigris: all three instantly obeyed, and perished! Then turning to the officer, he said `He who has such troops need not value the number of his enemies.! -Ge34.25 -Ge34.26 -Ge34.27 -Ge34.28 -Ge34.29 -Ge34.30 -Ge34.31 -Ge35.1 2-5 He purges his house of idols 6,7 He builds an altar at Bethel 8 Deborah dies at Allon-bachuth 9-15 God blesses Jacob at Bethel 16-21 Rachel travails of Benjamin, and dies in the way to Edar 22 Reuben lies with Bilhah 23-26 The sons of Jacob 27 Jacob comes to Isaac at Hebron 28,29 The age, death, and burial of Isaac -Ge35.2 -Ge35.3 -Ge35.4 These rings were not worn as mere ornaments, but for super- stitous purposes; perhaps as amulets or charms, first consecrated to some false god, or formed under some constellation, and stamped with magical characters. Maimonides mentions rings and jewels of this kind, with the image of the sun, moon, etc. impressed upon them and St. Augustine describes them (Epist. 73,) as used for this execrable purpose. -Ge35.5 -Ge35.6 -Ge35.7 -Ge35.8 -Ge35.9 -Ge35.10 -Ge35.11 -Ge35.12 -Ge35.13 -Ge35.14 -Ge35.15 -Ge35.16 -Ge35.17 -Ge35.18 age, (ch 44.20,) which Jerome renders Benjamin, id est filius dextrae, Benjamin, that is, `the sone of the right hand.' -Ge35.19 -Ge35.20 -Ge35.21 -Ge35.22 In the Hebrew text, a break is here left in the verse, opposite to which there is a Masoretic note, which states taht `there is a hiatus in the verse.' This hiatus the LXX. thus supplies [] `and it appeared evil in his sight.' -Ge35.23 -Ge35.24 -Ge35.25 -Ge35.26 -Ge35.27 -Ge35.28 -Ge35.29 -Ge36.1 6-8 His removal to mount Seir 9-14 His sons 15-19 The dukes which descended of his sons 20-30 The sons and dukes of Seir the Horite 24 and finds mules 31-39 The kings of Edom 40-43 The dukes that descended of Esau 09000-900605-2255 -Ge36.2 We ought, most probably, to read here and in verse 14, as in verse 20, `the son of Zibeon;' which is the reading of the Samaritan, Septuagant, (and Syriac, in ver 2,) and which Houbigant and Kennicott contend to be genuine. -Ge36.3 -Ge36.4 -Ge36.5 -Ge36.6 -Ge36.7 -Ge36.8 -Ge36.9 -Ge36.10 -Ge36.11 -Ge36.12 -Ge36.13 -Ge36.14 -Ge36.15 from B.C. cir 1575, to B.C. cir. 1533 The word {duke} is from the Latin {dux}, a captain or leader, from {duco}, to lead, guide; which is the exact import of the Hebrew [], {alluph}, from [], to lead, guide; and is here applied to heads of families, chieftans, or princes, who were mightly leaders. -Ge36.16 As it is certain from verse 4, that Eliphaz was Esau's son by Adah, and from verses 11 and 12 that Eliphaz had but {six} sons, `Teman, Omar, Zepho, Gatam, Kenaz, and Amalek;' as is is also certain, from verses 5, 14 that {Korah} was the son of {Esau} (not Eliphaz) by {Aholibamah}; and as the words {duke Korah} are omitted by both the Samaritan Text and Version, Dr. Kennicott pronounces them to be an interpolation. -Ge36.17 -Ge36.18 -Ge36.19 -Ge36.20 -Ge36.21 -Ge36.22 -Ge36.23 -Ge36.24 -Ge36.25 -Ge36.26 -Ge36.27 -Ge36.28 -Ge36.29 -Ge36.30 cir 1575 -Ge36.31 Moses may here allude to the promise which God made to jacob (ge 35.11) that kings should proceed from him; and here state that these kings reigned before that prophecy began to be fulfilled. -Ge36.32 -Ge36.33 Bozrah, Bezer, or Bostra, was situated in Arabia Deserta, and the eastern part of Edom; and, according to Eusebius, was 24 miles from Edrei. It afterwards belonged to Moab, and was given by Moses to Reuben, but again reverted to Edom. It is now called {Bozra}; and is described by Burckhardt as the largest town in the Haouran, including its ruins, though only inhabited by about twelve or fifteen families. It is situated in the open plain, two hours distant from Aare, and is at present the last inhabited place in the south-east extremity of the haouran. It is of an oval shape, it greatest length being from east to west; and its circumference three quaters of an hour. -Ge36.34 Eusebius places Teman, or Thaeman, which probably gave name to `the land of Teamin,' in Arabia Petraea, five miles from Petra, and says there was a Roman garrison there. -Ge36.35 -Ge36.36 -Ge36.37 -Ge36.38 -Ge36.39 -Ge36.40 A.M. cir 2513, B.C. cir 1491 -Ge36.41 -Ge36.42 -Ge36.43 -Ge37.1 5-11 His two dreams 12-17 Jacob sends him to visit his brethren 18-20 His brethren conspire his death 21-24 Reuben saves him 25-30 They sell him to the Ishmeelites, 31-35 His father, deceived by the coat covered with blood, mourns for him 36 He is sold to Potiphar in Egypt. journings. -Ge37.2 actions of Jacob and his sons; for in this general sense the original must be taken, as in the whole ensuing history there is no genealogy of jacob's family. -Ge37.3 {Kethoneth passim}, a coat made of stripe of different coloured cloth. -Ge37.4 could not speak peace to him,' i.e., they would not accost him in a friendly manner: they would not even wish him well, in the eastern mode of salutation of, Peace be to thee! It is not an unusual thing for an Arab or Turk to hesitate to return the {salam}, if given by a Christian, or by one of whom he has not a favourable opinion; and this may always be considered as an act of {hostility}. -Ge37.5 -Ge37.6 -Ge37.7 -Ge37.8 -Ge37.9 -Ge37.10 -Ge37.11 -Ge37.12 -Ge37.13 -Ge37.14 -Ge37.15 -Ge37.16 -Ge37.17 -Ge37.18 -Ge37.19 -Ge37.20 -Ge37.21 -Ge37.22 -Ge37.23 -Ge37.24 -Ge37.25 Nechoth, is rendered by the LXX. `incense;' Syriac, `resin' Samaritan, `basalm;' Acquila, `storax;' which is followd by Bochart. This drug is abundant in Syrai, and here Moses joins with it resin, honey, and myrrh; which agrees with the nature of the storax, which is the resin of a tree of the same name, of a reddish colour, and peculiarly pleasant fragrance. Tzeri, which in Arabic, as a verb, is {to flow}, seems to be a common name, as balm or balsam with us, for many of those oily, reisous substances, which flow spontaneously, or by incision, from various trees or plants; accordingly the ancients have generally interpreted it {resin}. the same as the Arabic {ladan}, Greek [], and Latin {ladanum}. -Ge37.26 -Ge37.27 -Ge37.28 -Ge37.29 -Ge37.30 -Ge37.31 -Ge37.32 -Ge37.33 -Ge37.34 -Ge37.35 -Ge37.36 But the word signifies not only eunuchs, but also chamberlains, courtiers, and officers executioners. -Ge38.1 6,7 Er's marriage with Tamar, and death 8-10 The trespass of Onan 11 Tamar is reserved for Shelah 12 Judah's wife dies 12-26 Tamar deceives Judah 27-30 She bears twins, Pharez and Zarah As there cannot be above 23 years from the selling of Joseph, unto Israel's going down into Egypt; and it is impossible that Judah should take a wife, and by her have three sons successively, and Shelah, the youngest, marriageabe when Judah begat Pharez of Tamar, and Pharez be grown up, married, and have two sons, all within so short a period, Mr. Ainsworth conceives that the {time} here spoken of is soon after Jacob's coming to Shechem, (Ch. 33) We have accordingly adapted the chronology to correspond with that time. An inhabitant of Adullam, a city of Cannan, afterwares given to Judah, situated in the southern part of that tribe, west of Hebron. -Ge38.2 -Ge38.3 -Ge38.4 -Ge38.5 Chezib is said, by Eusebius and Jerome, to have been situated near Adullam, and to be then uninhabited -Ge38.6 -Ge38.7 -Ge38.8 -Ge38.9 -Ge38.10 -Ge38.11 -Ge38.12 Timnath is, in all probability, that in the border of Judah, between Jerusalem and Diospolis, given to Dan, and mentioned in the history of Samson as belonging to the Philistines. -Ge38.13 -Ge38.14 {ainayim} means `the two fountains,' or `double fountain;' while others regard it as a proper name, and the same as {Enaim}, a city of Judah, (Jos 15.34) So the LXX. render it {Enan}. -Ge38.15 -Ge38.16 -Ge38.17 -Ge38.18 a {ring-seal}, with which impressions were made to ascertain property, etc. From Je 22.24, we find that it was worn on the hand; though it might also have been suspended fron the neck by a ribband, as the Arabs still wear it. {wreath} for the arm or neck, a {twisted collar}, or {bracelet}. In the former sense the LXX. render it by [], and Aquila and Symmachus renders it by {armillam}. It may have been a collar by which the signet was suspended; though its being used in the plural seems to favor the opinion of its being a bracelet. -Ge38.19 -Ge38.20 -Ge38.21 -Ge38.22 -Ge38.23 -Ge38.24 -Ge38.25 -Ge38.26 -Ge38.27 -Ge38.28 -Ge38.29 {this breach} against thee? -Ge38.30 -Ge39.1 7-12 He resists his mistress's temptation 13-19 He is falsely accused by her 20 He is cast into prison 21-23 God is with him there, and he is advanced by the keeper of prison -Ge39.2 -Ge39.3 -Ge39.4 -Ge39.5 -Ge39.6 person and beautiful in countenance.' Joseph's beauty is so celebrated in the East, that a handsome man is frequently compared to him; and the Persian poets vie with each other in descriptions of his comeliness. -Ge39.7 -Ge39.8 -Ge39.9 -Ge39.10 -Ge39.11 -Ge39.12 -Ge39.13 -Ge39.14 The base affection of this woman being disappinted, was changed into rancorous hatred, and she exults in the opportunity of being revenged on Joseph. She begins her accusation in the affected language of offended modesty, rage, and disdain, by charging her husband, whom we may reasonably assume she did not greatly love, with being an accessory to the indignity she pretended to have received: `He hath brought in a {Hebrew},' a very abomination to an Egyptian, `to mock us,' insult and treat me in a base, unworthy manner. -Ge39.15 -Ge39.16 -Ge39.17 -Ge39.18 -Ge39.19 -Ge39.20 according to some; or, `the watch or guard house,' from the Arabic {sahara} to watch, according to others. -Ge39.21 -Ge39.22 -Ge39.23 -Ge40.1 Joseph is charged with them 5-19 He interprets their dreams 20-22 They are accomplished according to his interpretation 23 The ingratitude of the butler, in forgetting Joseph {Maskeh}, from {shakah}, to give drink, is the same as {saky} among the Arabians and Persians, and signifies a {cup-bearer}. -Ge40.2 -Ge40.3 doubtless had his {personal} liberty. This place, we learn from the preceding chapter, verse 20, was the king's prison. All the officers in the employment of the ancient kings of Egypt, according to Drodorus Siculus, were taken from the most illustrious families of the priesthood in the country; no slave or common person being ever permitted to serve in the presence of the king. As these persons were of the most noble families, it is natural to expect they would be put, when accused, into the {state prison}. -Ge40.4 may signify, as many suppose, a {complete year}. see Ge 4.3 24. 55; and as Pharaoh called them to an account on his birthday, (ver 20) Calmet supposes they had offended on the preceding birthday, and thus had been one whole year in prison. -Ge40.5 -Ge40.6 -Ge40.7 -Ge40.8 -Ge40.9 -Ge40.10 -Ge40.11 From this we find that {wine} anciently was the mere expressed juice of the grape, without fermentation. The {saky}, or cup- bearer, took the bunch, pressed the juice into the cup, and instantly delivered it to his master. -Ge40.12 -Ge40.13 -Ge40.14 -Ge40.15 -Ge40.16 -Ge40.17 -Ge40.18 -Ge40.19 office from thee. -Ge40.20 -Ge40.21 -Ge40.22 -Ge40.23 -Ge41.1 9-32 Joseph interprets them 33-45 He gives Pharaoh counsel, and is highly advanced, and married 46-49 The seven years of plenty 50-52 He begets children 53-57 The famine begins complete solar revolutions; as a month of days is a full month. -Ge41.2 {achoo} is generally supposed to denote (see Job 8.11); so called, according to Mr. Parkhurst, from its fitness for making ropes, or the like, to connect or join things together, from {achah} to join, connect: thus the Latin {juncus}, a bulrsuh, {a jungendo}, from {joining}, for the same reason. He supposes it to be that sort of reed growing near the Nile which Hasselquist describes as `having scarce any branches, but numerous leaves, which are narrow, smooth, channelled on the upper surface, and the plant about eleven feet high. The Egyptians make {ropes} of the leaves.' -Ge41.3 -Ge41.4 -Ge41.5 A species of wheat, which grows in Egypt, bears, when perfect, seven ears on one stalk, as its natural conformation. it differs from ours in having a solid stem, or at least a stem full of pith, in order to yield sufficient nourishment and support to so great a weight as the ears which it bears. -Ge41.6 -Ge41.7 -Ge41.8 The word here used (chartummim) may mean no more than interpreters of abtruse or difficult subjects; especially of dreams and visions, which formed a considerable part of the ancient pagan religion; and the Egyptian priests were the first who professed this art. The word may be of affinity with, or derived from, the Persian {chiradmand}, wise, leared, judicious, intelligent, from {chirad}, understanding, judgment, and {mand}, endowed with. They seem to have been such persons as Josephus calls {sacred scribes}; or professors of sacred learning. -Ge41.9 -Ge41.10 -Ge41.11 -Ge41.12 -Ge41.13 -Ge41.14 -Ge41.15 hearest a dream, thou canst interpret it. -Ge41.16 -Ge41.17 -Ge41.18 -Ge41.19 -Ge41.20 -Ge41.21 [heb] come to the inward parts of them. -Ge41.22 -Ge41.23 All the mishief done to corn or bruit by blasting, smutting, mildew, etc. are attributed to the {east wind}. In Egypt it is peculiarly destructive, because it comes through the parched deserts of Arabia, ofter destroying vast numbers of people. The destructive nature of the {Sam, Simoom, Smoom, os Samiel}, is mentioned by almost all travellers. When this pestilential wind advances, its approach is indicated by a redness in the air. The principal stream of the blast always moves in a line of about 20 yards in breadth, and 12 feet above the surface of the earth; but its parching influence pervades all places to a considerable distance. The only means of preservation from its noxious influence is to lie flat, with the face upon the gound, till the blast be over. Camels and other animals instinctively perceive its approach, and bury their mouths and nostrils in the ground. It rarely last more than seven or eight minutes, but so poisonous are its effects, that it instantly suffocates those who are unfortunate enough to inhale it. -Ge41.24 -Ge41.25 -Ge41.26 -Ge41.27 -Ge41.28 -Ge41.29 -Ge41.30 -Ge41.31 It is well known, that in Egypt there is scarcely any rain, the country depending for its {fertility} upon the overflowing of the Nile; and that the fertility is in proportion to the duration and quality of the overflow, in order to saturate the land and prepare for the seed. Pliny has given a scale, by which the plenty or dearth may ascertained; which may be considered as perfectly correct. The ordinary height of the inundations is 16 cubits. When the waters are lower than this standard, they do not overflow the whole ground; when above this standard they are too long in running off. In the first case, the ground is not saturated; by the second, the waters are detained so long on the ground that seed-time is lost. The province marks both. If it rise only 12 cubits, a {famine} is the consequence; at 13 hunger prevails; 14 produces general rejoicing; 15 perfect security; and 16 all the luxuries of life. -Ge41.32 -Ge41.33 -Ge41.34 -Ge41.35 -Ge41.36 -Ge41.37 -Ge41.38 -Ge41.39 -Ge41.40 -Ge41.41 -Ge41.42 -Ge41.43 -Ge41.44 -Ge41.45 or, the man to whom secrets are revealed. Jerome says this name signified in Egyptian, Savatorem mundi, `the Saviour of the world;' and Psotem-phaneh, in Coptic, is certainly `salvation of the world,' fron [], for [], salvation, em, the sign of the genitive case, and [], world, It this interpretation be correct, Pharaoh must have meant Egypt by the {world}, or which Joseph might be justly termed the {Saviour}. We know that the Romans called their empire {Universis Orbis -Orbis Terrarum,}, `all the world:' the Chinese say the same of thier empire at the present day, and the phrase is used in the East: Nadir Shah is described on his coins as `Conquereor of the World,' i.e. Persia. See the same phraseology applied to Syria, Palestine, etc. -Ge41.46 -Ge41.47 -Ge41.48 -Ge41.49 -Ge41.50 -Ge41.51 -Ge41.52 -Ge41.53 -Ge41.54 -Ge41.55 -Ge41.56 -Ge41.57 -Ge42.1 16,17 They are imprisoned by Joseph for spies 18-20 They are set at liberty, on condition to bring Benjamin 21-23 They have remorse for Joseph 24 Simeon is kept for a pledge 25-28 They return with corn, and their money 29-35 Their relation to Jacob 36-38 Jacob refuses to send Benjamin in Egypt. The operations of one sense are frequently put for those of another in Hebrew; -Ge42.2 -Ge42.3 -Ge42.4 -Ge42.5 -Ge42.6 oa a protector, to rule: hence the Arabic {salita'} to obtain and excercise dominion, rule; and {sultan}, ruler, lord, prince, and king. -Ge42.7 -Ge42.8 -Ge42.9 Persons who, under the pretence of wishing to buy corn, desire only to find out whether the land be so defenceless that the tribes to which you belong may attack it successfully, drive out the inhabitants, and settle themselves in it; or, having plundered it, retire into their deserts. This is a frequent custom among the Arabs to the present day. -Ge42.10 -Ge42.11 We do not belong to different tribes; and it is not likely that one family would make a hostile attempt upon a whole kingdom; nor, if any serious design had been intended, that one man would have sent his sons on so hazardous an expedition. -Ge42.12 -Ge42.13 -Ge42.14 -Ge42.15 -Ge42.16 -Ge42.17 -Ge42.18 -Ge42.19 -Ge42.20 -Ge42.21 -Ge42.22 -Ge42.23 between them. The {mailitz} does not seem to have been an interpreter in our sense of the term; as we have many evidences in this book that the Egyptians, Hebrews, Canaanites, and Syrians, could understand each other in a general way; and it appears from several passages in this very chapter, (particularly ver. 24) that Joseph and his brethren understood each others' language, as his brethren and Joseph's steward also did (ch. 43.19, etc; compare ch. 39; 49.) It seems to denote an officer who is called in Abyssinia, according to mr. Bruce, {Kal Hatze,} the voice or word of the king,' who always stands at the side of a lattice window of a balcony, within which the king sits; who is never seen, but who speaks through a hole in the side of it, covered in the inside with a curtain, to this officer, by who he speaks to the persons present. -Ge42.24 -Ge42.25 -Ge42.26 -Ge42.27 to stay and lodge in, particularly a place where travellers usually stop to lodge, which is generally near a {well}, where they fill their {girbehs}, or leathern bottles, with fresh water, and having unladen and clogged their camels, asses, etc., permit them to crop any little verdure there may be in the place, keeping watch over them by turns. Our word {inn} here gives us a false idea, there were no such places of entertainment in the desert which Joseph's brethren had to pass; nor are there any at the present time. The only accommodation such a place affords is either a well, or a {khan}, or {caravanserai}, which is generally no more than {four} bare {walls}, perfectly exposed, the place being open at the top, and furnishing a wretched lodging: and even these, it is probable, were not in use at theis early persiod. -Ge42.28 affection which is felt in the breast at any sudden alarm or fright. -Ge42.29 -Ge42.30 -Ge42.31 -Ge42.32 -Ge42.33 -Ge42.34 -Ge42.35 -Ge42.36 `upon me are all these things:' rendered by the Vulgate, {in me haec omnia mala reciderunt}, `all these evils fall back upon me;' they lie upon me as heavy loads, hastening my death: they are more than I can bear. -Ge42.37 -Ge42.38 -Ge43.1 15-18 Joseph entertains his brethren 19-25 They discover their fears to the steward 26-34 Joseph makes them a feast -Ge43.2 -Ge43.3 -Ge43.4 -Ge43.5 -Ge43.6 -Ge43.7 -Ge43.8 -Ge43.9 -Ge43.10 -Ge43.11 rendered respectively respectively {balm}, {spices}, and {myrrh} see on ge 37.25 by bees, but a syrup produced from ripe dates. The Jewish doctors observe, that the word in 2Ch 31.5 signifies {dates}; and the Arabians, at this day, call the choicest dates preserved with butter, {dabous}, and the honey obtained from them, {dibs or dabs} {Benanim, nuts} signifies {pistachio nuts}, the finest thing found in Syria; but, according to the others, a small nut, the produce of a species of the turpentine tree. -Ge43.12 -Ge43.13 -Ge43.14 -Ge43.15 -Ge43.16 preparations be made for a great feast or entertainment. See a similar form of speech in ge 31.54 -Ge43.17 -Ge43.18 -Ge43.19 -Ge43.20 -Ge43.21 -Ge43.22 -Ge43.23 {Caspechem ba ailai}, `your money comes to me:' as I am the steward, the cash for the corn belongs to me. Ye have no occasion to be apprehensive of any evil; the whole transaction is between myself and you; receive therefore the money as a present from `the God of your father,' no matter whose hands he employs to convey it. -Ge43.24 -Ge43.25 -Ge43.26 -Ge43.27 -Ge43.28 -Ge43.29 -Ge43.30 -Ge43.31 -Ge43.32 clause, `Because the hebrews eat the cattle which the Egyptians worship.' But, as we learn from verse 16, compared with this verse, that the provision for the entertainment of the Egyptians themselves was animal food, this reason cannot be just. The true reason seems to be that assigned by the LXX. [] `For every shepherd is an abomination to the Egyptians.' -Ge43.33 -Ge43.34 Sir John Chardin observes, that `in Persia, Arabia, and the Indies, there are some houses where they place sevral plates in large salvers, and set one of these before each person, or before two or three, according to the magnificence of each house. The great men of the state are always served by themselves, in the feasts that are made for themselves; and with great profusion, their part of each kind of provision being always {double, treble, or a larger} prooportion of each kind of meat.' -Ge44.1 6-13 the cup is found in Benjamin's sack 14-17 They are brought before Joseph 18-34 Judah's humble supplication to Joseph -Ge44.2 -Ge44.3 -Ge44.4 -Ge44.5 which possessed the strange property of representing in it the {whole world}, and all the thing were then doing. The cup is called {Jami Jemsheed}, `the cup of Jemsheed,' a very ancient king of Persia; and they say that it was discovered, filled with the elixir of immortality, when digging to lay the foundations of Persepolis. The Persian poets are full of allusions to this cup, which they style {Jem jehan nima}, the cup shewing the universe; and to it they ascribe all the prosperity of their ancient monarchs. Many of the Mahometan princes and governors affect still to have information by means of a {cup}. Now, though it cannot be admitted that Joseph practised divination, yet, according to the superstition of those times, supernatural influence might be attributed to HIS CUP. -Ge44.6 -Ge44.7 -Ge44.8 -Ge44.9 -Ge44.10 -Ge44.11 -Ge44.12 -Ge44.13 -Ge44.14 -Ge44.15 -Ge44.16 -Ge44.17 -Ge44.18 effect of Judah's address to Joseph. To add, would be to diminish its excellence; to attempt to {explain}, would be to obscure its beauties; to clothe the ideas in other language than that of Judah, and his translators in our Bible, would ruin its energy, and destroy its influence. It is perhaps one of the most tender, affecting pieces of natural oratory ever spoken or penned: and we need not wonder to find that, when Joseph heard it, he coult not refrain himslef, but wept aloud. His soul must have been insensible beyond what is common to human nature, had he not immediately yielded to a speech so delicately tender, and so powerfully impressive.' -Ge44.19 -Ge44.20 Every word in this verse is simplicity and pathos itself. No man of the least sensibility can read it without great emotion. Indeed the whole speech is exquisitely beautiful, and perhaps the most complete pattern of genuine natural eloquence extant in any language. When we read this generous speech, we forgive Judah all the past, and cannot refuse to say, `Thou art he whom thy brethren shall praise.' -Ge44.21 -Ge44.22 -Ge44.23 -Ge44.24 -Ge44.25 -Ge44.26 -Ge44.27 -Ge44.28 -Ge44.29 -Ge44.30 -Ge44.31 -Ge44.32 -Ge44.33 What must Benjamin have felt when he heard his brother conclude his speech by a proposal which could never have been thought of if it had not been actually made! Perhaps the annals of the whole world do not produce an instance of so heroic and disinterested affection in any mere man. -Ge44.34 -Ge45.1 5-8 He comforts them in God's providence 9-15 He sends for his father 16-20 Pharaoh confirms it 21-24 Joseph furnishes then for their jorney, and exhorts them to concord 25-28 Jacob is revived with the news -Ge45.2 Sir j. Chardin, `is exactly the genius of the people of Asia; their sentiments of joy or grief are properly {transports}, and their transports are ungoverned, excessive, and truly outrageous. When anyone returns from a long journey or dies, his family burst into cries that may be hear twenty doors off; and this renewed at different times, and continues many days, according to the vigour of the passion. Sometimes they cease all at once, and then begin as suddenly, with a greater shrillness and loudness than one could easily imagine.' -Ge45.3 -Ge45.4 -Ge45.5 in your eyes. -Ge45.6 Earing means {ploughing or seed-time} from the Anglo -Saxon {erain} probably from {aro}, to plough; and agrees with [] Greek, {charatha}, Arabic, and {charash}, Hebrew. -Ge45.7 -Ge45.8 -Ge45.9 -Ge45.10 Goshen was the most eastern district of Lower Egypt, and the frontier of that country and Arabia, not far from the Arabian gulf, and lying next to Canaan; for Jacob went directly thither when he came into Egypt, from which it was about eighty miles distant, though Hebron was distant from the Egyptian capital about three hundred miles. -Ge45.11 -Ge45.12 -Ge45.13 -Ge45.14 -Ge45.15 -Ge45.16 -Ge45.17 -Ge45.18 -Ge45.19 -Ge45.20 -Ge45.21 -Ge45.22 It is a common custom with all the Asiatic sovereigns to give both garments and money to ambassadors and persons of distinction, whom they particularly wish to honor. De La Motraye says, `they then clothed them (the ambassadors) with caffetans (long vests of gold or silver brocade) with large silk flowers.' -Ge45.23 A. clarke thinks it may mean here {prepared meat}, some made up dish, delicacies, confectionaries, etc. In Asiatic countries they have several curious methods of preserving flesh by {potting}, by which it may be kept, for any length of time, sweet and wholesome. Some delicacy, similar to the savoury meat which Isaac loved, may here be intended; sent to Jacob in consideration of his age, and to testify the respect of his son; for of other kinds of meat he could have no need, as he had large flocks and herds, and could kill a lamb, kid, etc. when he pleased. -Ge45.24 -Ge45.25 -Ge45.26 -Ge45.27 -Ge45.28 -Ge46.1 5-7 Thence he with his company goes into Egypt 8-27 The number of his family that went into Egypt 28-30 Joseph meets Jacob 31-34 He instructs his brethren how to answer Pharaoh -Ge46.2 -Ge46.3 -Ge46.4 This last and most solemn office, as Mr. Hewlett observes, that could be paid to a parent, was generally performed by the nearest relation of the deceased. This promise must have given great consolation to the venerable patriarch's mind. -Ge46.5 -Ge46.6 -Ge46.7 -Ge46.8 -Ge46.9 -Ge46.10 -Ge46.11 -Ge46.12 -Ge46.13 -Ge46.14 -Ge46.15 -Ge46.16 -Ge46.17 -Ge46.18 -Ge46.19 -Ge46.20 -Ge46.21 -Ge46.22 -Ge46.23 -Ge46.24 -Ge46.25 -Ge46.26 -Ge46.27 Threescore and six were before mentioned, (ver 26) so that Joseph and his two sons, along with Jacob himself, complete the seventy persons enumerated; and the number in verses 15,18,22, and 25 amount to that number. The addition of five persons in the LXX. in verse 20, was either the cause or the consequence of another difference here; for in that version the number is seventy-five verses 15,18,22,25. -Ge46.28 Goshen seems to have been a city, after which the land of Goshen was called. The Lxx. render it by [], `city of Heroon;' which by some writers is simply called {Heroum}, and is by the ancient geographers placed in the eatern part of Egypt, not far from the Arabian Gulf. -Ge46.29 -Ge46.30 -Ge46.31 -Ge46.32 -Ge46.33 -Ge46.34 From the fragments of Manetho, preserved in Josephus and Africanus, it appears that hordes of marauders, call {hycassos}, or shepherd kings, whose chief occupation, like the Dedouin Arabs of the present dya, was to keep flocks, made a powerful irruption into Egypt, which they subdued, and ruled, by a succession of kings, with great tyranny for 259 years. Hence the persons, and even the very name of shepherds were execrated, and held in the greatest odium by the Egyptians. -Ge47.1 before Pahraoh 11,12 He gives them habitation and maintenance 13-15 He gets the Egyptian's money 16,17 their cattle 18-22 and their lands, except the priests' to Pharaoh 23-26 He restores the land for a fifth 28 Jacob's age 29-31 He swears Joseph to bury him with his fathers. -Ge47.2 -Ge47.3 -Ge47.4 -Ge47.5 -Ge47.6 Ansey chayil, men of strength, power, ability, or prowess. It implies both fitness of mind and body; and so valour, prudence, diligence, and virtue. {Mikneh}, from {kanah}, to posses, signifies {property or possesion} of any kind, though it frequently is used for {cattle}, because in ancient times they constituted the principal part of a man's possesions. -Ge47.7 -Ge47.8 life? -Ge47.9 -Ge47.10 -Ge47.11 -Ge47.12 [heb] according to the little ones. -Ge47.13 -Ge47.14 -Ge47.15 -Ge47.16 This was the wisest measure that could be adopted, both for the preservation of the people and the cattle. As the people had not grain for their own sustaenance, consequently they could have none for their cattle: hence they were in the most immediate danger of starving; and the people also were in equal danger; as they must have divided a portion of that bought for themselves with the cattle, which, for the sake of tillage, etc., they wished of course to preserve till the seven years' famine should end. -Ge47.17 -Ge47.18 -Ge47.19 -Ge47.20 -Ge47.21 It is highly probable, that Joseph was influenced by no political motive in removing the people to the cities, but merely by motives of prudence and humanity; for, as the corn was laid up in the cities, it would be more eligible to bring then from distant towns and villages to places where they might be more conveniently supplied with food. -Ge47.22 -Ge47.23 -Ge47.24 -Ge47.25 -Ge47.26 From this history, and from Diodorus Siculus (lib i), we learn that the land of Egypt was divided into three parts: one belonged to the Priests, (verses 22,26); a {second} was the king's, (which appears to have been the land of Rameses, or Goshen, verse 11); the {remnainder} was the subjects'. Now Joseph, having purchased the land of the people (verses 19,20), restored it, on the condition of their paying a {fifth} part of the produce to the king, beyond which he appears to have made no demand. -Ge47.27 -Ge47.28 -Ge47.29 -Ge47.30 -Ge47.31 As {shachah}, which primarily signifies to {bow}, denotes also to {worship}; and as {mittah, a bed} pronounced {matteh} is a {staff}; the LXX. have taken the passage in the latter sense, and rendered it [] `and Israel worshipped upon the top of his staff, ' which is literally copied by the apostle Paul, in his Epistle to the Hebrews. The present reading is, however, supported by the Maoretic pointing and the Targums; and is most porbably correct, as it would appear that Jacob was confined to his bed. -Ge48.1 2 Jacob strengthens himself to bless them 3,4 He repeats God's promise 5,6 He takes Ephraim and Manasseh as his own sons 7 He tells joseph of his mother's grave 8-16 He blesses Ephraim and Manasseh 17-20 He prefers the younger before the elder 21,22 He prophesies their return to Canaan -Ge48.2 -Ge48.3 -Ge48.4 -Ge48.5 -Ge48.6 -Ge48.7 -Ge48.8 -Ge48.9 -Ge48.10 -Ge48.11 -Ge48.12 Joseph thus shewed that his external greatness did not render him forgetful of the respect due his father. The Eqyptians were remarkable for the reverence paid to old age: 'for if a young person meet his senior, he instantly turns aside to make way for him; if an aged person enter an apartment, the youth always rise from their seats;' and Mr. Savary observe, that the same reverence is still paid to old age in Egypt. -Ge48.13 -Ge48.14 -Ge48.15 -Ge48.16 eggs, a {carp} 20,000, and Leuwenhouk counted in a middling sized {cod}, 9,384,000 -Ge48.17 -Ge48.18 -Ge48.19 -Ge48.20 -Ge48.21 -Ge48.22 -Ge49.1 3-28 Their blessing in particular 29-32 He charges them about his burial 33 He dies -Ge49.2 -Ge49.3 -Ge49.4 -Ge49.5 -Ge49.6 -Ge49.7 -Ge49.8 -Ge49.9 -Ge49.10 -Ge49.11 -Ge49.12 -Ge49.13 -Ge49.14 -Ge49.15 -Ge49.16 -Ge49.17 -Ge49.18 -Ge49.19 -Ge49.20 -Ge49.21 -Ge49.22 -Ge49.23 -Ge49.24 -Ge49.25 -Ge49.26 -Ge49.27 -Ge49.28 -Ge49.29 -Ge49.30 -Ge49.31 -Ge49.32 -Ge49.33 -Ge50.1 4-6 Joseph gets leave of the Pharaoh to bury him 7-14 The funeral 15-21 Joseph comforts his brethren, who crave his pardon 22 His age 23 He sees the third generation of his sons 24 He prophesies unto his brethren of their return 25 He takes an oath of them concerning his bones 26 He dies and is put into a coffin -Ge50.2 The Hebrew {ropheim} from {rapha}, to heal, is literally the {healers}, those whose business it was to {heal} or restore the body from sickness, by administering proper medicines; and when death took place, to {heal} or preserve it from decomposition by {embalming}. The word {chanat} to embalm, is also used in Arabic to express the {reddening} of leather; somewhat analagous to our {tanning}; which is probably the grand principal in embalming. -Ge50.3 We learn form the historians, that the time of mourning was while the body remained with the embalmers, which Herodotus says was {seventy} days. During this time the body lay in nitre, the use of which was to dry up all it superfluous and noxious moisture: and when, in the space of 30 days, this was sufficiently effected, the remaining {forty}, the time mentioned by Drodorus, were employed in anointing it with gums and spices to preserve it, which was properly the embalming. The sufficiently explains the phraseology of the text. -Ge50.4 -Ge50.5 -Ge50.6 -Ge50.7 -Ge50.8 -Ge50.9 -Ge50.10 This place was situated, according to Jerome, between the Jordan and the city of Jericho, two miles from the former, and three from the latter, where Bethagla was afterwards built. Procopius of Gaza states the same. As {aataad} signifies {thorns}, the place might have been remarkable for their production; though all the versions except the Arabic consider it as a proper name. As Moses wrote or revised his history on the {east side} of Jordan, the term {beyond Jordan}, in his five books, means {westward} of Jordan; but in other parts of Scripture it generally means {eastward}. -Ge50.11 -Ge50.12 -Ge50.13 -Ge50.14 -Ge50.15 -Ge50.16 -Ge50.17 -Ge50.18 -Ge50.19 It belongs to God to execute vengeance, and Joseph did not intend to usurp his his prerogative. Thus he instructed his brethren not to fear him, but to fear God; to humble themselves before God, and to seek his forgiveness. -Ge50.20 -Ge50.21 -Ge50.22 Joseph's life was the shortest of all the patriarchs; for which Bp Patrick gives this reason, he was the son of his father's old age. -Ge50.23 -Ge50.24 -Ge50.25 -Ge50.26 `the son of an hundred and ten years;' the period he lived being personified. -Ex1.1 Moses was undoubtedly the author of this Book, which forms a continuation of the preceding, and was evidently written after the promulgation of the law: it embraces the history of about 145 years. Moses, having in the Book of Genesis described the creation of the world, the origin of nations, and the peopling of the earth, details in the Book of Exodus the commencement and nature of the Jewish Church and Polity, which has very properly been termed a Theocracy, in which Jehovah appears not merely as their Creator and God, but as their King. Hence this and the following books of Moses are not purely historical; but contain not only laws for the regulation of their moral conduct and the rites and ceremonies of their religious worship, but judicial and political laws relating to government and civil life. The stupendous facts connected with these events, may be clearly perceived by consulting the marginal references; and many of the circumstances are confirmed by the testimony of heathen writers. Numenius, a Pythagorean philosopher, mentioned by Eusebius, speaks of the opposition of the magicians, whom he calls Jannes and Jambres, to the miracles of Moses. Though the names of these magicians are not preserved in the Sacred Text, yet tradition had preserved them in the Jewish records, from which St. Paul (2Ti 3.8) undoubtedly quotes. Add to this that many of the notions of the heathen respecting the appearance of the Deity, and their religious institutions and laws, were borrowed from this book; and many of their fables were nothing more than distorted traditions of those events which are here plainly related by Moses. 01 The children of Israel, after Joseph's death, increase 08 The more they are oppressed by a new king, the more they multiply 15 The godliness of the mid-wives in saving the men children alive 22 Pharoah commands the male children to be cast into the river. -Ex1.2 -Ex1.3 -Ex1.4 -Ex1.5 -Ex1.6 -Ex1.7 -Ex1.8 succeeded him about this period; and by his not knowing Joseph is meant his not acknowledging his obligation to him. -Ex1.9 -Ex1.10 -Ex1.11 -Ex1.12 multiplied. -Ex1.13 -Ex1.14 -Ex1.15 -Ex1.16 stone-trought;' a stone, seems to signify in which they washed the new-born infants. See this subject fully illustrated in Fragments to Calmet, nos. 312,313. then ye shall -Ex1.17 -Ex1.18 -Ex1.19 -Ex1.20 -Ex1.21 -Ex1.22 -Ex2.1 01 Moses is born, and in an ark cast into the flags 05 He is found, and brought up by Pharaoh's daughter 07 Who employs his mother to nurse him 11 He slays an Egyptian 13 He reproves an Hebrew 15 He flees into Midian, and marries Zipporah 22 Gershom is born 23 God respects the Isralites' cry -Ex2.2 -Ex2.3 It grows on the banks of the Nile, and in marshy grounds; the stalk rises to the height of six or seven cubits above the water, is triangular, and terminates in a crown of small filaments, resembling hair. This reed was of the greatest use to the Egyptians; the pith serving them for food, and the woody part to build vessels with; which vessels frequently appear on various monuments of Egyptian antiquity. That boats were made of this reed is also attested by Pliny and others. with slime -Ex2.4 -Ex2.5 Clarke is of opinion that it was for the purpose of washing, not her person, but her clothes, that Pharaoh's daughter came to the river; which was an employment not beneath even king's daughters in those primitive times. When she -Ex2.6 -Ex2.7 -Ex2.8 -Ex2.9 -Ex2.10 -Ex2.11 -Ex2.12 agreeably to the divine law in thus slaying the Egyptian; nor did he violate the law of Egypt; for, according to Diodorus Siculus 'he who saw a man killed, or violently assulated on the highway, and did not rescue him, if he could, was punished with death.' Moses, therefore, in this transaction, acted as a brave and good man; especially as at this time there was little probability of obtaining justice on an Egyptian murderer. -Ex2.13 -Ex2.14 -Ex2.15 -Ex2.16 -Ex2.17 -Ex2.18 -Ex2.19 -Ex2.20 -Ex2.21 -Ex2.22 -Ex2.23 -Ex2.24 -Ex2.25 which is countenanced by the LXX., Vulgate, Chaldee, Coptic, and Arabic, and appears to have been the original reading. had respect. Heb. knew -Ex3.1 01 Moses keeps Jethro's flock 02 God appears to him in a burning bush 09 He sends him to deliver Israel 13 The name of God 15 His message to Israel, and Pharaoh, whose opposition is foretold 20 He is assured of Israel's deliverance -Ex3.2 -Ex3.3 -Ex3.4 -Ex3.5 -Ex3.6 in the singular, yet St. Stephen, quoting this passage uses the plural, 'the God of thy fathers;' and that this is the meaning, the following words prove. This reading is confirmed by the Samaritan and Coptic. hid -Ex3.7 -Ex3.8 -Ex3.9 -Ex3.10 -Ex3.11 -Ex3.12 -Ex3.13 -Ex3.14 -Ex3.15 which immediately precedes Yehowah, which we translate Lord, the name by which God had been known from the creation of the world, and by which he is known to the present day. Yehowah, from Hawah, to be, subsist, signifies He who is, or subsists, i.e. eminently and in a manner superior to all other beings; and is essentailly the same with eheyeh, I AM, in the preceding verse. -Ex3.16 -Ex3.17 -Ex3.18 -Ex3.19 -Ex3.20 -Ex3.21 -Ex3.22 -Ex4.1 01 Moses's rod is turned into a serpent 06 His hand is leprous 10 He is loth to be sent 13 Aaron is appointed to assist him 18 Moses departs from Jethro 21 God's message to Pharaoh 24 Zipporah circumcises her son 27 Aaron is sent to meet Moses 29 The people believe them -Ex4.2 -Ex4.3 -Ex4.4 -Ex4.5 -Ex4.6 -Ex4.7 -Ex4.8 -Ex4.9 -Ex4.10 of speech -Ex4.11 -Ex4.12 -Ex4.13 -Ex4.14 -Ex4.15 -Ex4.16 -Ex4.17 -Ex4.18 -Ex4.19 the Red Sea, near Mount Sinai. This place is still called by the Arabs the Land of Midian, or of Jethro. Abulfeda, speaking of Midian, says, "Madyan is a city, in ruins, on the shore of the Red Sea, on the opposite side to Tabuc, from which it is distant about six days' journey. At Midian may be seen the famous well at which Moses watered the flocks of Shoaib, (Jethro) This city was the capital of the tribe of Midian in the days of the Israelites." for all -Ex4.20 -Ex4.21 -Ex4.22 -Ex4.23 -Ex4.24 although rather obscure, seems to imply, that on their way to the land of Egypt, an angel appeared to Moses, and sought to kill his son, on account of his father's non-observance of the Lord's positive command to Abraham, that every man child of the Jewish nation, or born in his house in servitude, should be circumcised on the eight day; and the Zipporah, at the command of Moses, immediately fulfilled the injunction, and thus averted the wrath of God, denounced against the disobedient: "The uncircumcised man child, whose flesh of his foreskin is not circumcised, that soul shall be cut off from his people." -Ex4.25 -Ex4.26 -Ex4.27 -Ex4.28 -Ex4.29 -Ex4.30 -Ex4.31 -Ex5.1 01 Pharaoh chides Moses and Aaron for their message 06 He increases the Israelites' task 16 He checks their complaints 19 They cry out upon Moses and Aaron 22 Moses complains to God -Ex5.2 -Ex5.3 -Ex5.4 render let, from the Anglo -Saxon lettan, to hinder. Ye hinder the people from their work: 'Get you unto your burdens. Let religion alone and mind your work.' The language not only of tyranny, but of thoughtless irreligion. burdens -Ex5.5 -Ex5.6 the officers were Hebrews. chiefs of trades, who are found in every city in the East; where every trade has a head, who is entrusted with authority over them, and is in some measure answerable for them to Government. -Ex5.7 bricks. This is expressly affirmed by Philo who was himself a native of Alexandria, in Egypt. He says, describing the oppression of the Israelites, that some were obliged to work in clay, and others to gather straw for the formation of bricks. Philo's account is confirmed by Dr. Shaw, who says that 'some of the Egyptian pyramids are made of brick, the composition whereof is only a mixture of clay, mud, and straw, slightly blended and kneaded together, and afterwards baked in the sun. The straw, which keeps the bricks together, and still preserves its original colour, seems to be a proof that these bricks were never burnt or made in kilns.' The same materials are now used for building in Egypt. Mr. Baumgarten says, 'The houses are for the most part of bricks that are only hardened by the heat of the sun, and mixed with straw to make them firm.' -Ex5.8 -Ex5.9 heavy upon the men. vain words -Ex5.10 -Ex5.11 -Ex5.12 -Ex5.13 -Ex5.14 -Ex5.15 -Ex5.16 -Ex5.17 -Ex5.18 -Ex5.19 -Ex5.20 -Ex5.21 -Ex5.22 -Ex5.23 delivered -Ex6.1 01 God renews his promise by his name JEHOVAH 09 Moses vainly attempts to encourage the Israelites 10 He and Aaron are again sent to Pharaoh 14 The genealogy of Reuben, of Semeon, and of Levi, of whom came Moses and Aaron 26 The history resumed -Ex6.2 -Ex6.3 evidently of affinity with the Arabic shadid, strong, mighty, and shiddat, strength, might; name Jehovah, then Moses must have used it in Genesis by prolepsis, or anticipation. Mr. Locke and others read it interrogatively, for the negative particle, lo, not, has frequently this power in Hebrew: 'I appeared unto Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, by the name of God Almighty, and by my name Jehovah was I not also made known unto them?' JEHOVAH -Ex6.4 -Ex6.5 -Ex6.6 -Ex6.7 -Ex6.8 God was by lifting up the right hand, and was considered as a form of swearing. Hence yamin, in Hebrew the right hand, is in Arabic an oath, and as a verb, to take an oath. A similar custom prevailed among the heathens. -Ex6.9 -Ex6.10 -Ex6.11 -Ex6.12 translators; hence it may be inferred by some that Moses was uncircumcised. The difficulty is in some measure cleared away, by using the word uncircumcised in the sense of unsuitable or incapacitated, which argees with ch 4.10 where Moses complains of want of eloquence; but by substituting is for am in this place, the connection with the former part of the verse is preserved; 'For if the chosen seed, the circumcised sons of Jacob, refuse to hear me,' as though Moses had said, 'how can I expect to make uncircumcised Pharaoh pay attention to me?' -Ex6.13 -Ex6.14 -Ex6.15 -Ex6.16 -Ex6.17 -Ex6.18 -Ex6.19 -Ex6.20 add, "And Miriam their sister;' which some of the best critics suppose to have been originally in the text -Ex6.21 -Ex6.22 -Ex6.23 -Ex6.24 -Ex6.25 -Ex6.26 -Ex6.27 -Ex6.28 -Ex6.29 -Ex6.30 -Ex7.1 01 Moses and Aaron are encouraged to go again to Pharaoh 07 Their age, 7. Aaron's rod is turned into a serpent 11 The sorcerers do the like; but their rods are swallowed up by Aaron's 13 Pharaoh's hears is hardened 14 God's message to Pharaoh 19 The river is turned into blood; and the consequent distress of the Egyptians -Ex7.2 -Ex7.3 -Ex7.4 -Ex7.5 -Ex7.6 -Ex7.7 -Ex7.8 -Ex7.9 -Ex7.10 -Ex7.11 reveal, signifies diviners, or those who pretended to reveal futurity, to discover things lost, or to find hidden treasures. meant such incantations as required lustral fires, fumigations. -Ex7.12 -Ex7.13 -Ex7.14 -Ex7.15 -Ex7.16 -Ex7.17 -Ex7.18 delicious, that one would not wish the heat to be less, or to be delivered from the sensation of thirst. The Turks find it so exquisite, that they excite themselves to drink of it by eating salt.' 'A person,' adds Mr. Harmer, 'who never before heard of the deliciousness of the Nile water, and of the large quantities which on that account are drunk of it, will, I am sure, find an energy in those words of Moses to Pharaoh, the Egyptians shall loathe to drink of the water of the river, which he never did before.' shall loathe -Ex7.19 -Ex7.20 as well as the animals it contained, to which they annually sacrificed a girl, or as others say, both a boy and girl, God might have designed this plague as a punishment for such idolatry and cruelty; and to shew them the baseness of those elements which they reverenced, and the insufficiency of the gods in which they trusted. All the punishments brought upon them bore a strict analogy to their crimes. -Ex7.21 plague upon Egypt turned all their water into blood. -Ex7.22 -Ex7.23 -Ex7.24 -Ex7.25 -Ex8.1 01 Frogs are sent 08 Pharaoh sues to Moses, who by prayer removes them away 16 The dust is turned into lice, which the magicians could not do 20 The plague of flies 25 Pharaoh inclines to let the people go, but yet is hardened -Ex8.2 Arabic zafda, Chaldaic oordeanaya and Syriac oordeai, all of which denote frogs, as almost all interpreters, both ancient and modern, agree to render it; Bochart conceives, from tzifa, a bank and rada, mud, because of delighting in muddy and marshy places -Ex8.3 -Ex8.4 -Ex8.5 -Ex8.6 object of reverence or abhorrence is uncertain. It might have been both at the same time, as many objects are known to have been among particular nations; for proof of which see the very learned Jacob Bryant, on the Plagues of Egypt. -Ex8.7 -Ex8.8 -Ex8.9 -Ex8.10 -Ex8.11 -Ex8.12 -Ex8.13 -Ex8.14 -Ex8.15 -Ex8.16 in the word tarrentes, a species of worm. Bochart, however, seems to have proved that lice, and not gnats, are meant; because, 1. they sprang from the dust, and not from the waters; 2. they were on both man and beast, which cannot be said of gnats; 3. their name is derived from koon, to make firm, fix, establish, which cannot agree with gnats, flies, which are ever changing place, and almost constantly on the wing; 4. the term kinnah is used by the Talmudists to express the louse. This insect must have been a very dreadful and afflicting plague to the Egyptians, and especially to the priests, who were obliged to shave all their hair off, and to wear a single linen tunic, to prevent vermin harbouring about them. -Ex8.17 -Ex8.18 -Ex8.19 -Ex8.20 -Ex8.21 rendered the dog-fly, by the LXX (who are followed by the learned Bochart,) which must have been particularly hateful to the Egyptians, because they held dogs in the highest veneration, under which form they worshipped Anubis. -Ex8.22 -Ex8.23 -Ex8.24 evident from the fact that whole districts have been laid waste by them. The inhabitants have been forced to quit their cities, not being able to stand against the flies and gnats with which they were pestered. Hence different people had deities whose office it was to defend them against flies. Among these may be reckoned Baalzebub, the fly-god of Ekron; Hercules, the expeller of flies; and hence Jupiter had the titles, because he was supposed to expel flies, and especially clear his temples of these insects. -Ex8.25 -Ex8.26 account of which, see not on ch. 9.3 -Ex8.27 E ex 3.18 5.1 -Ex8.28 -Ex8.29 -Ex8.30 -Ex8.31 -Ex8.32 -Ex9.1 01 The murrain of beasts 08 The plague of boils and blains 13 The message of Moses about the hail, 22 The plague of hail 27 Pharaoh sues to Moses, but yet is hardened -Ex9.2 -Ex9.3 calamity, if we consider it in regard to the Egyptians, which would not have existed in respect to any other people. They held in idolatrous reverence almost every animal, but some they held in particular veneration; as the ox, cow, and ram. Among these, Apis and Mnevis are well known; the former being a sacred bull, worshipped at Memphis, as the latter was at Heliopolis. A cow or heifer had the like honours at Momemphis; and the same practice seems to have been adopted in most of the Egyptian nomes. By the infliction of this judgment, the Egyptian deities sank before the God of the Hebrews. -Ex9.4 -Ex9.5 -Ex9.6 -Ex9.7 -Ex9.8 the fiery furnace, which was a type of the slavery of the Israelites, but to a cruel rite common among the Egyptians. They had several cities styled Typhonian, in which at particular seasons they sacrificed men, who were burnt alive; and the ashes of the victim were scattered upwards in the air, with the view, probably, that where any atom of dust was carried, a blessing was entailed. The like, therefore, was done by Moses, though with a different intention, and more certain effect. -Ex9.9 -Ex9.10 -Ex9.11 -Ex9.12 insensibility of mind upon which neither judgments nor mercies make any abiding impressions; but the conscience being stupified, the obdurate rebel persists in determined disobedience. -Ex9.13 -Ex9.14 -Ex9.15 -Ex9.16 -Ex9.17 -Ex9.18 the most incredible to an Egyptian; for in Egypt there fell no rain, the want of which was supplied by dews, and the overflowing of the Nile. The Egyptians must, therefore, have perceived themselves particularly aimed at in these fearful events, especially as they were very superstitious. There seems likewise a propriety in their being punished by fire and water, as they were guilty of the grossest idolatry towards these elements. Scarely any thing could have distressed the Egyptians more than the destruction of the flax, as the whole nation wore linen garments. The ruin of their barley was equally fatal, both to their trade and to their private advantage. -Ex9.19 -Ex9.20 -Ex9.21 -Ex9.22 -Ex9.23 -Ex9.24 -Ex9.25 -Ex9.26 -Ex9.27 -Ex9.28 -Ex9.29 -Ex9.30 -Ex9.31 derived from pashat, to strip, because the substance which we call flax is properly the filaments of the bark or rind of the vegetable, stipped off the stalks. From time immemorial, Egypt was celebrated for the production and manufacture of flax; and hence the linen and fine linen of Egypt, so often spoken of in scripture and ancient authors. The barley. The Hebrew seorah, barley, in Arabic shair, and shairat, is so called from its rough, bristly beard, with which the ears are covered and defended; from saar, to stand on end as the hair of the head; hence sear, the hair of the head. So its Latin name hordeum is from horeo, to stand on end as the hair. Dr. Pococke has observed that there is a double seed time and harvest in Egypt; rice, India wheat, and a grain called the corn of Damascus, are sown and reaped at a very different time from wheat, barley, and flax. The first are sown in March, before the overflowing of the Nile, and reaped about October; whereas the wheat and barley are sown in November and December, as soon as the Nile has gone off, and reaped before May. -Ex9.32 -Ex9.33 -Ex9.34 -Ex9.35 -Ex10.1 01 God threatens to send locusts 07 Pharaoh moved by his servants, inclines to let the Israelites go 12 The plague of the locusts 16 Pharaoh intreats Moses 21 The plague of darkness 24 Pharaoh again intreats Moses, but yet is hardened -Ex10.2 -Ex10.3 -Ex10.4 multiply, be numerous, because they are more prolific than any other insect, and because of the immense swarms of them by which different countries, especially the East, are infested. The locust, in entomology, belongs to a genus of insects known among naturalists by the name of Grylli; which includes three species, crickets, grasshoppers, and locusts. The common great brown locust is about three inches in length; has two antennae about an inch long, and two pair of wings. The head and horns are brown; the mouth and inside of the larger legs bluish; the upper side of the body and upper wings brown, the former spotted with black, and the latter with dusky spots. The back is defended by a shield of a greenish hue; the under wings are of a light brown, tinctured with green, and nearly transparent. It has a large open mouth, in the two jaws of which it has four teeth, which traverse each other like scissors, being calculated, from their mechanism, to gripe or cut. The general appearance of the insect is that of the grasshopper. The Egyptians had gods in whom they trusted to deliver them from these terrible invaders; but by this judgment they were taught that it was impossible to stand before Moses, the servant of Jehovah. -Ex10.5 -Ex10.6 -Ex10.7 -Ex10.8 -Ex10.9 -Ex10.10 -Ex10.11 -Ex10.12 -Ex10.13 -Ex10.14 -Ex10.15 -Ex10.16 -Ex10.17 -Ex10.18 -Ex10.19 -Ex10.20 -Ex10.21 sun, but also paid the same veneration to night and darkness, nothing could be more terrible than this punishment of palpable and coercive darkness, such as their luminary Osiris could not dispel. darkness -Ex10.22 -Ex10.23 -Ex10.24 -Ex10.25 -Ex10.26 -Ex10.27 -Ex10.28 -Ex10.29 -Ex11.1 01 God's message to the Israelites to borrow jewels of their neighbours 04 Moses threatens Pharaoh with the death the firstborn -Ex11.2 -Ex11.3 -Ex11.4 -Ex11.5 -Ex11.6 -Ex11.7 -Ex11.8 -Ex11.9 -Ex11.10 -Ex12.1 01 The beginning of the year is changed 03 The passover is instituted 11 The import of the rite of the passover 15 Unleavened bread, etc. 29 The firstborn are slain 31 The Israelites are driven out of the land 37 They come to Succoth 41 The time of their sojourning 43 The ordinance of the passover -Ex12.2 -Ex12.3 goats, and may be indifferently rendered either lamb or kid. It is evident from ver. 5 that the Hebrews might take either; but they generally preferred a lamb, from being of a more gentle nature. these tribes into families, the families into houses, and the houses into particular persons. -Ex12.4 -Ex12.5 -Ex12.6 the day into morning and evening: till the sun passed the meridian, all was morning or forenoon; after that, all was evening or afternoon. Their first evening began just after twelve o'clock, and continued till sunset; their second evening began at sunset, and continued till night, i.e. during the whole time of twilight; between twelve o'clock, therefore, and the termination of twilight, the passover was to be offered. -Ex12.7 -Ex12.8 -Ex12.9 -Ex12.10 -Ex12.11 -Ex12.12 -Ex12.13 -Ex12.14 -Ex12.15 -Ex12.16 -Ex12.17 -Ex12.18 -Ex12.19 -Ex12.20 -Ex12.21 or passover lamb; the animal sacrificed obtaining the name of the institution. St. Paul copies the expression in 1co 5.7 -Ex12.22 most probably denotes Hyssop; whence are derived the Chaldee aizova, Syriac zupha, Arabic zupha, Ethiopic azab, and hushopa, and our hyssop, a name retained, with little variation, in all the western languages. It is a plant of the gymnospermia (naked seeded) order, belonging to the didynamia class. It has bushy stalks, growing a foot and a half high; small spear-shaped, close-sitting, and opposite leaves, with several smaller ones rising from the same joint; and all the stalks and branches terminated by erect whorled spikes of flowers, of different colours in the varieties of the plant. The leaves have an aromatic smell, and a warm, pungent taste. Its detersive, cleansing, and medicinal qualities were probably the reason why it was so particularly recommended in Scripture. Strike -Ex12.23 -Ex12.24 -Ex12.25 -Ex12.26 -Ex12.27 -Ex12.28 -Ex12.29 Egyptians was most equitable; because, after their nation had been preserved by one of the Israelitish family, they had, contrary to all right, and in definance of original stipulation, enslaved the people to whom they had been so much indebted, and had murdered their offspring, and made their bondage intolerable. -Ex12.30 frantic in their mournings than the Egyptians. When a relative died, every one left the house, and the women, with their hair loose, and their bosoms bare, ran wild about the street. The men also, with their apparel equally disordered, kept them company; all shrieking, howling, and beating themselves. What a scene of horror and distress must now have presented itself, when there was not a family in Egypt where there was not one dead! -Ex12.31 -Ex12.32 -Ex12.33 -Ex12.34 small wooden bowls, which also serve them for dishes. Their being bound up in their clothes may mean no more than their being wrapped up in their hykes, or long, loose, garments. -Ex12.35 -Ex12.36 -Ex12.37 -Ex12.38 -Ex12.39 -Ex12.40 children of Israel, and of their fathers in the land of Canaan and in the land of Egypt, was 430 years.' The Alexandrine copy of the LXX. has the same reading; and the same statement is made by the apostle Paul, in Ga 3.17, who reckons from the promise made to Abraham to the giving of the law. That these three witnesses have the truth, the chronology itself proves; for it is evident that the descendants of Israel did not dwell 430 years in Egypt; while it is equally evident, that the period from Abraham's entry into Canaan to the Exodus, is exactly that number. Thus, from Abraham's entrance into the promised land to the birth of Isaac, was 25 years; Isaac was 60 at the birth of Jacob; Jacob was 130 at his going into Egypt; where he and his children continued 215 years more; making in the whole 430 years. sojourning. -Ex12.41 -Ex12.42 -Ex12.43 -Ex12.44 -Ex12.45 -Ex12.46 -Ex12.47 -Ex12.48 -Ex12.49 -Ex12.50 -Ex12.51 -Ex13.1 01 The firstborn are sanctified to God 03 The memorial of the passover is commanded 11 The firstlings of man and beast are set apart 17 The Israelites go out of Egypt, and carry Joseph's bones with them. 20 They come to Etham 21 God guides them by a pillar of a cloud, and a pillar of fire -Ex13.2 apart a person or thing from all common or secular purposes to some religious use; because everything offered or consecrated to God was separated from all earthly uses. -Ex13.3 -Ex13.4 -Ex13.5 -Ex13.6 -Ex13.7 -Ex13.8 -Ex13.9 of the Orientals, of burning in their right hand all kinds of marks with the ashes of henna, which gives an indelible colour; and this is done even to this day. They were likewise accustomed to write all kinds of sayings, and frequently superstitious words, on slips or pieces of linen, which they wore as ornaments on their foreheads. -Ex13.10 -Ex13.11 -Ex13.12 -Ex13.13 -Ex13.14 -Ex13.15 -Ex13.16 -Ex13.17 -Ex13.18 -Ex13.19 -Ex13.20 -Ex13.21 -Ex13.22 -Ex14.1 01 God instructs the Israelites in their journey 05 Pharaoh pursues after them 10 The Israelites murmur 13 Moses comforts them 15 God instructs Moses 19 The cloud removes behind the camp 21 The Israelites pass through the Red sea, which drowns the Egyptians -Ex14.2 Lxx. Dr. Shaw is of opinion, that Chiroth denotes the valley which extends from the wilderness of Etham to the Red Sea. 'This valley, ends at the sea in a small bay made by the eastern extremities of the mountains (of Gewoubee and Attackah, between which the valley lies) which I have been describing, and is called Tiah -Beni -Israel, the road of the Israelites, by a tradition that is still kept up by the Arabs, of their having passed through it; so it is also called Baideah, from the new and unheard of miracle that was wrought near it, by dividing the Red sea, and destroying therein Pharaoh, his chariots, and his horsement.' Migdol. The word Migdol signifies a tower, and hence some have supposed that it was a fortress which served to defend the bay. But the Lxx, render it Magdolus, which is mentioned by Herodotus, and others, and is expressly said by Stephanus to be a city of Egypt. This Bochart conjectures to have been the same as Migdol. city in which Baal was worshipped; and probably called zephon, from being situated on the north point of the Red sea, near the present Suez. -Ex14.3 -Ex14.4 -Ex14.5 -Ex14.6 -Ex14.7 -Ex14.8 -Ex14.9 -Ex14.10 -Ex14.11 -Ex14.12 -Ex14.13 have seen the Egyptians today. ye shall see -Ex14.14 -Ex14.15 -Ex14.16 weeds; so called, according to Mr. Bruce, from the vast quantity of coral which grown in it. We call it the Red Sea; so called it is supposed, from Edom or Esau, whose territories extend to its coasts. It separates Arabia from Egypt and Ethiopia, and is computed to be 150 leagues in length from Suez to the straits of Babelmandel. The upper part is divided into two gulfs, that to the East called the Elanitic, from the city Elana at the northern extremity, and that to the west, the Heroopolitic, from the city of Heroopolis. The former is called by the Arabians Bahr el Akaba, the sea of Akaba; and the latter Bahr el Kolzum, the sea of destruction, or Clysma; which was that which the Israelites passed. and the -Ex14.17 -Ex14.18 -Ex14.19 -Ex14.20 -Ex14.21 -Ex14.22 wholly miraculous, and cannot be ascribed, as some have supposed, to an extraordinary ebb, which happened just then to be produced by a strong east wind: for this would not have caused the waters, contrary to every law of fluids, to stand as a wall on the right hand and the left. a wall -Ex14.23 -Ex14.24 -Ex14.25 let us flee -Ex14.26 -Ex14.27 -Ex14.28 -Ex14.29 -Ex14.30 -Ex14.31 -Ex15.1 01 The song of Moses, Miriam, and Israel on their deliverance 22 The people want water in the wilderness 23 The waters at Marah are bitter, they murmur, Moses prays, and sweetens the waters by God's direction 27 They encamp at Elim, where are twelve wells, and seventy palm trees -Ex15.2 -Ex15.3 -Ex15.4 -Ex15.5 -Ex15.6 -Ex15.7 -Ex15.8 -Ex15.9 -Ex15.10 -Ex15.11 -Ex15.12 -Ex15.13 -Ex15.14 -Ex15.15 -Ex15.16 -Ex15.17 -Ex15.18 -Ex15.19 -Ex15.20 used in the East; being a thin, broad, wooden hoop, with parchment extended over one side of it, to which small pieces of brass, thin, etc., are attached, which made a jingling noise; it is held up with one hand and beaten upon with the other, and is precisely the same as the tambourine. all the -Ex15.21 -Ex15.22 Heroopolitic gulf of the Red Sea, and is still called the desert of Shur, according to Dr. Shaw. -Ex15.23 -Ex15.24 -Ex15.25 -Ex15.26 -Ex15.27 and, according to Dr. Shaw, two leagues from Tor, and near 30 from Corondel, which he conjectures to be Marah, where there is a small rill, which is brackish. He found but nine of the wells, the other three being filled up with sand; but the 70 palm trees had increased into more than 2000. -Ex16.1 01 The Israelites come to Sin, and murmur for want of bread 04 God promises them bread and flesh from heaven, and they are rebuked 13 Quails and manna are sent 16 The ordering of manna 25 It was not to be found on the sabbath 32 An omer of it is preserved was all the day diverted by varieties of lizards and vipers, which abound there. -Ex16.2 -Ex16.3 -Ex16.4 -Ex16.5 -Ex16.6 -Ex16.7 -Ex16.8 -Ex16.9 -Ex16.10 -Ex16.11 -Ex16.12 -Ex16.13 large kind of quail. A bird of the gallinaceous kind, somewhat less than a pigeon , but larger than a sparrow. Hasselquist describes the quail of the larger kind as very much resembling the red partridge, but not larger than the turtle dove; found in Judea as well as in the deserts of Arabia Petraea and Egypt; and affording a most agreeable and delicate dish. -Ex16.14 -Ex16.15 -Ex16.16 -Ex16.17 -Ex16.18 -Ex16.19 -Ex16.20 -Ex16.21 -Ex16.22 from the circumstances in the text, it is evident that it was not a natural production, but was miraculously sent by Jehovah. These the learned Abarbinel, a most judicious Jewish interpreter, has thus enumerated; The natural manna was never found in the desert where this fell;--where the common manna does fall, it is only in the spring time, in March and April, whereas this fell throughout all the months in the year; the ordinary manna does not melt in the sun, as this did;--it does not stink and breed worms, as this did, when kept till the morning;--it cannot be ground or beaten in a mortar, so as to make cakes, as this was;--the common manna is medicinal and purgative, and cannot be used for food and nutriment, as this was;--this fell in a double proportion on the sixth day, and not on the sabbath, as it certainly would have done had it fallen naturally;--it followed them in all their journeys, where ever they pitched their tents;--and it ceased at the very time of the year when the other falls, namely, in March, when the Israelities were come to Gilgal. Whatever this substance was, it does not appear to have been common to the wilderness. From De 8.3,16, it is evident that the Israelites never saw it before; and from a pot of it being preserved, it is certain that nothing of the kind ever appeared again. -Ex16.23 -Ex16.24 -Ex16.25 -Ex16.26 -Ex16.27 -Ex16.28 -Ex16.29 -Ex16.30 -Ex16.31 which is now much used in England, many persons have ignorantly supposed it to be the same sort of thing as that miraculously sent for the sustenance of the children of Israel in the wilderness. The manna of commerce comes from Calabria and Sicily, where it oozes out of a kind of ash tree, from the end of June to the end of July, and is a thick, clammy, sweet juice, partly drawn from the tree by the rays of the sun, partly by the puncture of insects, and partly by artificial means. The European manna is not so good as the Oriental, which is gathered in Syria, Arabia, and Persia, from the Oriental oak, and from a shrub which is called in Persia teranjabin. and it was -Ex16.32 -Ex16.33 -Ex16.34 -Ex16.35 -Ex16.36 -Ex17.1 01 The people murmur for water to Rephidim 06 God send them for water to the rock in Horeb 07 The place is called Massah and Meribah 08 Amalek is overcome by Joshua, while Moses holds up his hand with the rod of God 14 Amalek is doomed to destruction; and Moses builds the altar Jehovah-nissi -Ex17.2 -Ex17.3 -Ex17.4 -Ex17.5 -Ex17.6 feet long, 10 broad, and 12 high, lies in the wilderness of Rephidim, to the west of Mount Horeb, a part of Sinai. There are abundant traces of this wonderful miracle remaining at this day. This rock has been visited, drawn, and described by Dr. Shaw and others; and holes and channels appear in the stone, which could only have been formed by the bursting out and running of water. -Ex17.7 -Ex17.8 -Ex17.9 -Ex17.10 -Ex17.11 -Ex17.12 -Ex17.13 -Ex17.14 -Ex17.15 -Ex17.16 the Lord, therefore, the Lord. Heb. the hand upon the throne of the Lord. -Ex18.1 01 Jethro brings his wife and two sons to Moses 07 Moses entertains him, and relates the goodness of the Lord 09 Jethro rejoices, blesses God, and offers sacrifice 13 He gives good counsel, which is accepted 27 Jethro departs -Ex18.2 -Ex18.3 -Ex18.4 -Ex18.5 -Ex18.6 -Ex18.7 -Ex18.8 -Ex18.9 -Ex18.10 -Ex18.11 -Ex18.12 -Ex18.13 -Ex18.14 -Ex18.15 -Ex18.16 -Ex18.17 -Ex18.18 -Ex18.19 -Ex18.20 -Ex18.21 over ten, could not decide, went to the pentecontarch, or ruler of fifty, and thence by degrees to the hecatontarch, or ruler over a hundred, to the chiliarch, or ruler over a thousand to Moses and at length to God himself. Each magistrate had the care or inspection of only ten men; the decarch superintended ten private characters; the hecatontarch ten decarchs; and the chiliarch, ten hecatontarchs. -Ex18.22 -Ex18.23 -Ex18.24 -Ex18.25 -Ex18.26 -Ex18.27 -Ex19.1 01 The people arrive at Sinai 03 God's message by Moses unto the people out of the mount 08 The people are prepared against the third day, for the giving of the law 12 The mountain must not be touched 16 The fearful presence of God upon the mount -Ex19.2 Mountain of Moses, and sometimes by way of eminence, El Tor, the Mount, is a range of mountains in the peninsula formed by the gulfs of the Red Sea. It consists of several peaks, the principal of which are Horeb and Sinai; the former, still called Oreb, being on the west, and the latter, called Tur Sina, on the east, at the foot of which is the convent of St. Catherine. Dr. Shaw conceives that the wilderness of Sinai, property so called, is that part which is to the eastward of this mount; so that the removal of the Israelites from Rephidim, which was on the West, to the desert of Sinai, was only removing from one part of the mountain to another. camped -Ex19.3 -Ex19.4 -Ex19.5 -Ex19.6 -Ex19.7 -Ex19.8 -Ex19.9 -Ex19.10 -Ex19.11 -Ex19.12 -Ex19.13 -Ex19.14 -Ex19.15 10000-900523-0635 -Ex19.16 10001-900523-0635 -Ex19.17 10002-900523-0637 -Ex19.18 10003-900523-0638 -Ex19.19 10004-900523-0638 -Ex19.20 10005-900523-0639 -Ex19.21 10006-900523-0640 -Ex19.22 10007-900523-0640 -Ex19.23 10008-900523-0641 -Ex19.24 10009-900523-0642 -Ex19.25 10010-900523-0649 -Ex20.1 01 The ten commandments are spoken by Jehovah 18 The people are afraid, but Moses comforts them 21 Idolatry is forbidden 23 Of what sort the altar should be 10011-900523-0651 -Ex20.2 10012-900523-0651 -Ex20.3 10013-900523-0653 -Ex20.4 10014-900523-0655 -Ex20.5 10015-900523-0656 -Ex20.6 10016-900523-0709 -Ex20.7 10017-900523-0710 -Ex20.8 10018-900523-0710 -Ex20.9 10019-900523-0711 -Ex20.10 10020-900523-0711 -Ex20.11 10021-900523-0712 -Ex20.12 10022-900523-0713 -Ex20.13 10023-900523-0714 -Ex20.14 10024-900523-0715 -Ex20.15 10025-900523-0716 -Ex20.16 10026-900523-0718 -Ex20.17 10027-900523-0718 -Ex20.18 10028-900523-0718 -Ex20.19 10029-900523-0719 -Ex20.20 10030-900523-0720 -Ex20.21 10031-900523-0720 -Ex20.22 10032-900523-0721 -Ex20.23 10033-900523-0722 -Ex20.24 10034-900523-0723 -Ex20.25 10035-900523-0723 -Ex20.26 10036-900523-0811 -Ex21.1 01 Laws for men servants 05 For the servant whose ear is bored 07 For women servants 12 For manslaughter 16 For stealers of men 17 For cursers of parents 18 For smiters 22 For a hurt by chance 28 For an ox that gores 33 For him that is an occasion of harm 10037-900523-0812 -Ex21.2 10038-900523-0812 -Ex21.3 10039-900523-0812 -Ex21.4 10040-900523-0813 -Ex21.5 10041-900523-0814 -Ex21.6 of permanent servitude, and was calculated to impress the servant with the duty of hearing all his master's orders, and obeying them punctually. 10042-900523-0815 -Ex21.7 10043-900523-0816 -Ex21.8 10044-900523-0816 -Ex21.9 10045-900523-0817 -Ex21.10 a sufficient quantity of food, as before, but of the same quality. She is not to be fed, like a common slave, with a sufficiency of bread, vegetables, milk, but with her customary supply of flesh, and other agreeable articles of food. 10046-900523-0818 -Ex21.11 10047-900523-0818 -Ex21.12 10048-900523-0819 -Ex21.13 10049-900523-0819 -Ex21.14 10050-900523-0822 -Ex21.15 either contempt or malice, or left marks of violence, was deemed a proof of so ungrateful and unnatural a disposition, that no provocation was admitted as an excuse, but the offence was made capital: nay, he who cursed his father or mother, who uttered imprecations, ill wishes, or revilings, against a parent, was included in the same sense; though few crimes were made capital by the law of Moses. The law of God, as delegated to parents is honoured when they are honoured, and despised when they are despised: and to rebel against the lawful exercise of this authority is rebellion against God.- -Rev. T. Scott 10051-900523-0823 -Ex21.16 10052-900523-0823 -Ex21.17 10053-900523-0824 -Ex21.18 10054-900523-0825 -Ex21.19 The same provision is made in the civil law; and most courts of justice still regulate their decisions in such cases by this Mosaic precept. the loss. Heb. his ceasing. 10055-900523-0850 -Ex21.20 10056-900523-0850 -Ex21.21 10057-900523-0850 -Ex21.22 10058-900523-0852 -Ex21.23 10059-900523-0853 -Ex21.24 of like for like. 10060-900523-0854 -Ex21.25 10061-900523-0854 -Ex21.26 10062-900523-0855 -Ex21.27 10063-900523-0855 -Ex21.28 10064-900523-0856 -Ex21.29 10065-900523-0856 -Ex21.30 10066-900523-0857 -Ex21.31 10067-900523-0857 -Ex21.32 10068-900523-0857 -Ex21.33 10069-900523-0858 -Ex21.34 10070-900523-0858 -Ex21.35 10071-900523-0858 -Ex21.36 10072-900523-0945 -Ex22.1 01 Of Theft 05 Of damage 07 Of trespasses 14 Of borrowing 16 Of fornication 18 Of witchcraft 19 Of bestiality 20 Of idolatry 21 Of strangers, widows, and fatherless 25 Of usury 26 Of pledges 28 Of reverence to magistrates 29 Of the first fruits 31 Of torn flesh required in other things and also a disproportion between an ox and a sheep. The reason of the former is, as Maimonides explains it, because money, goods, etc., are better guarded in houses and cities, than cattle in a field; which consequently can be more easily stolen. The reason of the latter seems to be, as it is explained by Bishop Patrick, that an ox was of greater value, and more useful for the purposes of husbandry. 10073-900523-0946 -Ex22.2 10074-900523-0946 -Ex22.3 10075-900523-0947 -Ex22.4 10076-900523-0947 -Ex22.5 10077-900523-0949 -Ex22.6 custom in the East to set the dry herbage on fire; which fires, from want of care, often produce great damage. Hence a law to guard against such evils was highly expedient. so that the stacks of corn 10078-900523-0949 -Ex22.7 10079-900523-0950 -Ex22.8 10080-900523-0951 -Ex22.9 10081-900523-0951 -Ex22.10 10082-900523-0952 -Ex22.11 10083-900523-0952 -Ex22.12 10084-900523-0953 -Ex22.13 evidence of the thing torn, such as the horns, hoofs, etc. 10085-900523-0954 -Ex22.14 10086-900523-0954 -Ex22.15 10087-900523-0954 -Ex22.16 10088-900523-0955 -Ex22.17 10089-900523-0956 -Ex22.18 10090-900523-0956 -Ex22.19 10091-900523-0956 -Ex22.20 10092-900523-0957 -Ex22.21 10093-900523-0957 -Ex22.22 10094-900523-0958 -Ex22.23 10095-900523-0959 -Ex22.24 10096-900523-1000 -Ex22.25 10097-900523-1000 -Ex22.26 10098-900523-1001 -Ex22.27 10099-900523-1002 -Ex22.28 10100-900523-1003 -Ex22.29 Heb. tear. the firstborn 10101-900523-1003 -Ex22.30 10102-900523-1004 -Ex22.31 10103-900524-1000 -Ex23.1 01 Of slander, false witness, and partiality 04 Of charitableness 06 Of justice in judgment 08 Of taking bribes 09 Of oppressing a stranger 10 Of the year of rest 12 Of the sabbath 13 Of idolatry 14 Of the three feasts 18 Of the blood and the fat of the sacrifice 20 An angel is promised, with a blessing, if they obey him 10104-900524-1001 -Ex23.2 10105-900524-1001 -Ex23.3 10106-900524-1002 -Ex23.4 10107-900524-1003 -Ex23.5 him? or, wouldest cease to leave they business for him; thou shalt surely leave it to join with him 10108-900524-1003 -Ex23.6 10109-900524-1004 -Ex23.7 10110-900524-1005 -Ex23.8 10111-900524-1005 -Ex23.9 10112-900524-1006 -Ex23.10 10113-900524-1006 -Ex23.11 10114-900524-1006 -Ex23.12 10115-900524-1007 -Ex23.13 10116-900524-1008 -Ex23.14 10117-900524-1009 -Ex23.15 10118-900524-1009 -Ex23.16 10119-900524-1010 -Ex23.17 10120-900524-1010 -Ex23.18 12.8,15 34.25 le 2.11 7.12 de 16.4 10121-900524-1013 -Ex23.19 seems to be that assigned by Dr. Cudworth, from a MS. comment of a Karaite Jew. "It was a custom with the ancient heathens, when they had gathered in all their fruits, to take a kid, and boil it in the dam's milk; and then in a magical way, to go about and sprinkle all their trees, and fields, and gardens, and orchards with it, thinking by these means, that they should make them fruitful, and bring forth more abundantly in the following year. Wherefore, God forbad his people, the Jews, at the time of their in-gathering, to use any such superstitious or idolatrous rite." 10122-900524-1014 -Ex23.20 10123-900524-1015 -Ex23.21 10124-900524-1016 -Ex23.22 that afflict thee 10125-900524-1017 -Ex23.23 add, "and the Girgashite;' thus making the seven nations. 10126-900524-1018 -Ex23.24 10127-900524-1019 -Ex23.25 10128-900524-1020 -Ex23.26 10129-900524-1021 -Ex23.27 10130-900524-1022 -Ex23.28 to lay prostrate, strike down, because of the destruction occasioned by the violence of its sting. The hornet, in natural history, belongs to the species Crabro, of the genue Vespa or Wasp. It is a most voracious insect, and exceedingly strong for its size, which is generally an inch in length. 10131-900524-1022 -Ex23.29 10132-900524-1023 -Ex23.30 10133-900524-1024 -Ex23.31 10134-900524-1024 -Ex23.32 10135-900524-1025 -Ex23.33 10136-900524-1027 -Ex24.1 01 Moses is called up into the mountain 03 The people promise obedience 04 Moses builds an altar, and twelve pillars. 06 He sprinkles the blood of the covenant 09 The glory of God appears 14 Aaron and Hur have the charge of the people 15 Moses goes into the mountain, where he continues forty days and forty nights. 10137-900524-1027 -Ex24.2 10138-900524-1028 -Ex24.3 10139-900524-1029 -Ex24.4 10140-900524-1029 -Ex24.5 10141-900524-1030 -Ex24.6 10142-900524-1031 -Ex24.7 10143-900524-1032 -Ex24.8 10144-900524-1032 -Ex24.9 10145-900524-1035 -Ex24.10 sapphire; which is a most beautiful precious stone of a fine blue colour, second only to the diamond in lustre, hardness, and value. The ancient oriental sapphire is supposed to have been the same as the lapis lazuli. It glitters with golden spots; and is of an azure or sky-blue colour, but rarely intermixed with purple. The ruby and topaz are considered of the same genus. 10146-900524-1036 -Ex24.11 10147-900524-1037 -Ex24.12 10148-900524-1038 -Ex24.13 10149-900524-1038 -Ex24.14 10150-900524-1039 -Ex24.15 10151-900524-1039 -Ex24.16 10152-900524-1040 -Ex24.17 10153-900524-1041 -Ex24.18 10154-900529-0548 -Ex25.1 01 What the Isaelites were to offer for the formation of the tabernacle 10 The form of the ark 17 The mercy seat, with the cherubims 23 The table of shew bread, with the furniture thereof 31 The golden candlestick, with the instruments thereof 10155-900529-0549 -Ex25.2 10156-900529-0550 -Ex25.3 metal, composed of copper, and the oxide or ore of zinc, called lapis calaminaris. 10157-900529-0551 -Ex25.4 sky-colour; fine linen, or silk 10158-900529-0551 -Ex25.5 10159-900529-0552 -Ex25.6 10160-900529-0552 -Ex25.7 10161-900529-0553 -Ex25.8 10162-900529-0553 -Ex25.9 10163-900529-0555 -Ex25.10 applied particularly to the chest or ark in which the testimony or two tables of the covenant were laid up; on the top of which was the propitiatory or mercy seat; and at the end of which were the cherubim of gold; between whom the visible sign of the presence of God appeared as seated upon his throne. 10164-900529-0555 -Ex25.11 10165-900529-0556 -Ex25.12 10166-900529-0556 -Ex25.13 10167-900529-0556 -Ex25.14 10168-900529-0557 -Ex25.15 10169-900529-0624 -Ex25.16 10170-900529-0624 -Ex25.17 10171-900529-0625 -Ex25.18 10172-900529-0625 -Ex25.19 10173-900529-0627 -Ex25.20 10174-900529-0627 -Ex25.21 10175-900529-0628 -Ex25.22 10176-900529-0640 -Ex25.23 Jerome says that the shittim wood grown in the deserts of Arabia, and is like white thorn, as to its colour and leaves; but the tree is so large as to furnish very long planks. The wood is hard, tough, and extremely beautiful. It is thought he means the black acacia, because that is the most common tree in the deserts of Arabia. It is of the size of a large mulberry tree. The spreading branches and larger limbs are armed with thorns, which grow three together. The bark is rough; and the leaves are oblong, standing opposite each other. The flowers, though sometimes white, are generally of a bright yellow; and the fruit, which resembles a bean, is contained in pods like those of the lupin. "The acacia being by much the largest and most common tree in the deserts," says Dr. Shaw. We have some reason to conjecture that the shittim wood was the wood of the acacia, especially as its flowers are of an excellent smell; for the shittah tree is, in Is. 41.19, joined with the myrtle and other fragrant shrubs. It may be remarked, that of the two Hebrew names, shittim is masculine, and shittah feminine. So Mr. Bruce says, 'the male is called saiel; from its proceeds the gula Arabic, on incision with an axe.' 10177-900529-0641 -Ex25.24 10178-900529-0641 -Ex25.25 10179-900529-0642 -Ex25.26 10180-900529-0642 -Ex25.27 10181-900529-0642 -Ex25.28 10182-900529-0643 -Ex25.29 10183-900529-0644 -Ex25.30 10184-900529-0645 -Ex25.31 10185-900529-0645 -Ex25.32 10186-900529-0646 -Ex25.33 10187-900529-0646 -Ex25.34 10188-900529-0646 -Ex25.35 10189-900529-0647 -Ex25.36 10190-900529-0648 -Ex25.37 10191-900529-0648 -Ex25.38 10192-900529-0649 -Ex25.39 10193-900529-0649 -Ex25.40 the mount 10194-900529-0656 -Ex26.1 01 The ten curtains of the tabernacle 07 The eleven curtains of goats' hair, and the covering of rams' and badgers' skins. 15 The boards of the tabernacle, with their sockets and bars 31 The vail for the ark 36 The hanging for the door shachan, to dwell, means simply a dwelling-place, or habitation. 'When God had brought the children of Israel out of Egypt,' says the very learned Dr. Cudworth,' resolving to mainfest himself in a peculiar manner present among them, he thought good to dwell amongst them in a visible and external manner; and therefore, while they were in the wilderness, and sojourned in tents, he would have a tent or tabernacle built, to sojourn with them also. Now, the tabernacle being thus a house for God to dwell in visibly, to make up the notion of dwelling or habitation complete, there must be all things suitable to a house belonging to it. Hence, in the holy place, there must be a table and a candlestick, because these were the ordinary furniture of a room. The table must have its dishes, and spoons, and bowls, and covers, belonging to it, though they were never used; and always be furnished with bread upon it. The candlestick must have its lamps continually burning.' embroiderer 10195-900529-0656 -Ex26.2 10196-900529-0657 -Ex26.3 10197-900529-0657 -Ex26.4 10198-900529-0658 -Ex26.5 10199-900529-0658 -Ex26.6 10200-900529-0700 -Ex26.7 In different parts of Asia Minor, Syria, Cilicia, and Phrygia, the goats have long, fine, and beautiful hair; in some cases, almost as fine as silk, which is shorn at proper times, and manufactured into garments. 10201-900529-0702 -Ex26.8 10202-900529-0703 -Ex26.9 10203-900529-0703 -Ex26.10 10204-900529-0703 -Ex26.11 10205-900529-0703 -Ex26.12 10206-900529-0704 -Ex26.13 10207-900529-0708 -Ex26.14 skins of red rams. It is a fact, attested by many respectable travellers, that in the Levant, sheep are often met with having red or violet coloured fleeces. Almost all ancient writers speak of the same thing. versions have taken to be the name of a colour, though they differ very much with regard to the particular colour intended: the LXX, Vulgate, and Coptic, have skins dyed of a violet colour; the Syriac, azure; and the Arabic, black; and Bochart contends for the hysginus, a very deep blue. It may, however, denote an animal; for Dr. Geddes remarks, had the sacred writer meant to express only a variety of colour, he would hardly have repeated oroth, skins, after meoddamim, red, in ch 25.5 10208-900529-0708 -Ex26.15 10209-900529-0709 -Ex26.16 10210-900529-0709 -Ex26.17 10211-900529-0710 -Ex26.18 10212-900529-0710 -Ex26.19 10213-900529-0710 -Ex26.20 10214-900529-0711 -Ex26.21 10215-900529-0711 -Ex26.22 10216-900529-0711 -Ex26.23 10217-900529-0712 -Ex26.24 above 10218-900529-0712 -Ex26.25 10219-900529-0712 -Ex26.26 10220-900529-0713 -Ex26.27 10221-900529-0713 -Ex26.28 10222-900529-0713 -Ex26.29 10223-900529-0714 -Ex26.30 10224-900529-0717 -Ex26.31 purpura, or murex, a species of shell-fish; and supposed to be the same with the costly and much celebrated Tyrian purple. scarlet. Tolaath; property the worm whence the scarlet colour was produced; which grew in a coccus, or excrescence, of a shrub of the ilex kind, like the cochineal worm in the Opuntia of America; which is arranged unde the same genus as the Arabic Kermez, which also denotes this colour. cunning work. 10225-900529-0721 -Ex26.32 translate their hooks, is rendered by the LXX, and by the Vulgate. Hence Calmet contends That is Moses does not mean the capitals of the pillars by this word, he mentions them nowhere else; and it would seem strange, that while he describes them with so much exactness, that he should not mention the capitals; or that pillars every way so correctly formed, should have been destitute of this necessary ornament. As Moses was commanded to make the wavim of the pillars, and their fillets, of silver, and the wavim of the pillars of the vail of gold and that 1775 skekels were employed in making them, overlaying their chapiters, rasheyhem, their heads, and filleting them, it is more reasonable to suppose that all this is spoken of the capitals of pillars, than of any kind of hooks, especially as hooks are mentioned under the word taches or clasps. But as the root wavah seems to signify to connect, if it has not its name from its hook-like form, is yet used as a connective particle, it would rather appear to denote hooks, which connected the curtains or vails to the pillars. 10226-900529-0722 -Ex26.33 10227-900529-0723 -Ex26.34 10228-900529-0723 -Ex26.35 10229-900529-0727 -Ex26.36 door or entrance to the tabernacle; the vail that separated the Holy of Holies is called the second vail. He. 9.3. Mr. Morier, describing the tent of a chief of the Eelauts, says, 'It was composed of a wooden frame of circular laths, which were fixed on the ground, and then covered over with large felts, that were fastened down by a cord, ornamented by tassels of various colours. A curtain, curiously worked by the women, with coarse needle-work of various colours, was suspended over the door. In the king of Persia's tents, magnificent perdahs, or handings of needle-work, are suspended, as well as on the doors of the great mosques in Turkey; and these circumstances combined, will, perhaps, illustrate Ex 26.36.' 10230-900529-0728 -Ex26.37 10231-900529-0729 -Ex27.1 01 The altar of burnt offering, with the vessels thereof 09 The court of the tabernacle inclosed with hangings and pillars 18 The measure of the court, and the furniture of brass 20 The oil for the lamp 10232-900529-0731 -Ex27.2 have been designed not only for ornament, but to prevent the sacrifices from falling off, and to tie the victim to, previous to its being sacrificed. 10233-900529-0739 -Ex27.3 10234-900529-0740 -Ex27.4 10235-900529-0741 -Ex27.5 10236-900529-0742 -Ex27.6 10237-900529-0742 -Ex27.7 10238-900529-0746 -Ex27.8 10239-900529-0749 -Ex27.9 10240-900529-0750 -Ex27.10 10241-900529-0751 -Ex27.11 10242-900529-0751 -Ex27.12 10243-900529-0751 -Ex27.13 10244-900529-0752 -Ex27.14 10245-900529-0753 -Ex27.15 10246-900529-0754 -Ex27.16 10247-900529-0754 -Ex27.17 10248-900529-0755 -Ex27.18 10249-900529-0757 -Ex27.19 10250-900529-0800 -Ex27.20 expressed from the olives, after they had been bruised in a mortar; and which is much purer than that obtained after the olives are put under the press. lamps burned all night; and that in the morning four were extinguished, and three burned the whole of the day. Such might have been the practice in his time; but it appears sufficiently evident from ch. 30.8, and 1sa 3.3, that they were anciently extinguished in the morning. to burn. Heb. to ascend up. 10251-900529-0804 -Ex27.21 10252-900529-0807 -Ex28.1 01 Aaron and his sons are set apart for the priest's office 02 Holy garments are appointed 06 The ephod and girdle 15 The breast-plate with twelve precious stones 30 The Urim and Thummim 31 The robe of the ephod, with pomegranates and bells 36 The plate of the mitre 39 The embroidered coat 40 The garments for Aaron's sons 10253-900529-0809 -Ex28.2 10254-900529-0809 -Ex28.3 10255-900529-0813 -Ex28.4 breast-plate of the high priest, in which were set twelve precious stones, each being engraved with the name of one of the sons of Jacob sleeves considered as an upper garment that goes up or over the rest, a surtout 10256-900529-0814 -Ex28.5 10257-900529-0814 -Ex28.6 10258-900529-0814 -Ex28.7 10259-900529-0815 -Ex28.8 10260-900529-0816 -Ex28.9 10261-900529-0816 -Ex28.10 10262-900529-0817 -Ex28.11 10263-900529-0819 -Ex28.12 10264-900529-0819 -Ex28.13 10265-900529-0819 -Ex28.14 10266-900529-0820 -Ex28.15 10267-900529-0820 -Ex28.16 10268-900529-0824 -Ex28.17 stone. the first row ruddy, seems to denote the ruby; as adam does in Persian a beautiful gem, of a fine deep red colour, with a mixture of purple. with which agrees Josephus. The topaz is a precious stone, of a pale, dead green, with a mixture of yellow, sometimes of a fine yellow; and hence called chrysolyte by the moderns, from its gold colour elegant gem, of a deep red colour, with a mixture of scarlet 10269-900529-0825 -Ex28.18 smaragdus; one of the most beautiful of all the gems, and of a bright green colour, without any mixture 10270-900529-0856 -Ex28.19 10271-900529-0856 -Ex28.20 10272-900529-0857 -Ex28.21 10273-900529-0857 -Ex28.22 10274-900529-0858 -Ex28.23 10275-900529-0858 -Ex28.24 10276-900529-0858 -Ex28.25 10277-900529-0859 -Ex28.26 10278-900529-0859 -Ex28.27 10279-900529-0859 -Ex28.28 10280-900529-0900 -Ex28.29 10281-900529-0904 -Ex28.30 and truth; and doctrine and truth. Among the various and contradictory opinions respecting the form and substance of these mysterious appendages, the most probable seems to be that of Josephus, Philo, Bp. Patrick, Parkhurst, and the Jewish writers generally; who state, that they were no other than the twelve precious stones of the high priest's breastplate. In support of this statement, it is observed, that in the descritpion of the high priest's breastplate, Ex. 39.8 the Urim and Thummim are not mentioned, but only the rows of stones; and on the contrary , in Lev. 8.8 the Urim and Thummim are expressly mentioned, but not a word is said of the four rows of stones. As Moses has given such a particular description of everything relative to the high priest's dress, these would certainly have been described had they been different from what was previously mentioned. 10282-900529-0905 -Ex28.31 10283-900529-0905 -Ex28.32 10284-900529-0906 -Ex28.33 10285-900529-0906 -Ex28.34 10286-900529-0906 -Ex28.35 10287-900529-0909 -Ex28.36 plate, properly signifies a flower. It is rendered by the LXX, a leaf, and is called nezer, a crown in ch 29.6 and a diadem, by the author of the book of Wisdom, ch 28.24. Josephus says that it was adorned with three rows of the flower. It was two fingers broad, of a circular form, suited to the shape of the head, and so long that it reached from ear to ear, and was fastened upon a blue lace or ribband, which was tied behind the head; and as the plate reached only half round the head, the remaining part of the ribband was highly ornamented with artifical flowers. grave upon it. 10288-900529-0910 -Ex28.37 10289-900529-0911 -Ex28.38 10290-900529-0912 -Ex28.39 10291-900529-0912 -Ex28.40 10292-900529-0913 -Ex28.41 10293-900529-0914 -Ex28.42 10294-900529-0915 -Ex28.43 10295-900529-0917 -Ex29.1 01 The sacrifice and ceremonies of consecrating the priests and the altar 38 The continual burnt offerings 45 God's promise to dwell among the children of Israel 10296-900529-0917 -Ex29.2 10297-900529-0918 -Ex29.3 10298-900529-0918 -Ex29.4 10299-900529-0920 -Ex29.5 signifies a kind of diaper or embroidered work, of the same texture as the ephod itself 10300-900529-0925 -Ex29.6 head so universal in eastern countries, which we call turband, which consists of a cap, and a sash of fine linen or silk wound round its bottom. 10301-900529-0925 -Ex29.7 10302-900529-0925 -Ex29.8 10303-900529-0926 -Ex29.9 10304-900529-0926 -Ex29.10 10305-900529-0927 -Ex29.11 10306-900529-0927 -Ex29.12 10307-900529-0928 -Ex29.13 be the midriff. 10308-900529-0929 -Ex29.14 10309-900529-0929 -Ex29.15 10310-900529-0930 -Ex29.16 10311-900529-0930 -Ex29.17 10312-900529-0931 -Ex29.18 10313-900529-0931 -Ex29.19 10314-900529-0944 -Ex29.20 signify, that the priest should dedicate all his faculties and powers to the service of God; his ear to the hearing and study of the law; his hands to diligence in the sacred ministry, and to all acts of obedience; and his feet to walking in the way of God's precepts; for the ear is the symbol of obedience, the hand of action, and the foot of the path or conduct in life. And the sprinkling might further teach him, that he could neither hear, work, nor walk profitably, uprightly, and well pleasingly in the sight of God, without the application of the blood of the sacrifice. 10315-900529-0944 -Ex29.21 10316-900529-0948 -Ex29.22 sheep. 'This tail,' says Dr. Russell, 'is very broad and large, terminating in a small appendix that turns back upon it. It is of a substance between fat and marrow, and is not eaten separately, but mixed with lean meat in many of their dishes, and also often used instead of butter. A common sheep of this sort, without the head, feet, skin, and entrails, weighs about twelve or fourteen Aleppo rotoloes, (a rotoloe is five pounds,) of which the tail is usually three rotoloes or upwards; but such as are of the largest breed, and have been fattened, will sometimes weigh about thirty rotoloes, and the tails of these ten.' 10317-900529-0948 -Ex29.23 10318-900529-0949 -Ex29.24 10319-900529-0949 -Ex29.25 10320-900529-0950 -Ex29.26 10321-900529-0953 -Ex29.27 thus distinguished by the Jewish writers; the former, called tenoophah, from nooph, to move, toss, was waved horizontally towards the four cardinal points, to signify that He to whom it was consecrated was the Lord of the whole earth; the latter, called teroomah, from room, to be elavated, was lifted perpendicularly upward and downward, in token of its being devoted to the God of heaven. the ram of the consecreation. Ail milluim, literally, 'the ram of filling;' so called, according to some, because at the consecration of the priests, certain pieces of the sacrifice were put into their hands; on which account their consecration itself is called 'filling their hands.' Rabbi Solomon gives a different reason for the ram being so called, from malai, to be full, complete; because the sacrifice completed the consecration, and thereupon the priests were fully invested in their office. 10322-900529-0954 -Ex29.28 10323-900529-0955 -Ex29.29 10324-900529-0955 -Ex29.30 10325-900529-0956 -Ex29.31 10326-900529-0957 -Ex29.32 10327-900529-0958 -Ex29.33 10328-900529-0958 -Ex29.34 10329-900529-0959 -Ex29.35 10330-900529-1000 -Ex29.36 10331-900529-1000 -Ex29.37 10332-900529-1001 -Ex29.38 10333-900529-1002 -Ex29.39 10334-900529-1004 -Ex29.40 or portion taken from the whole, from daelan, to divide. From Nu. 28.5, we learn, that this tenth deal was the tenth part of an ephah, which constituted an omer, about three quarts English. hin 10335-900529-1005 -Ex29.41 10336-900529-1005 -Ex29.42 10337-900529-1006 -Ex29.43 10338-900529-1007 -Ex29.44 10339-900529-1007 -Ex29.45 10340-900529-1008 -Ex29.46 10341-900529-1022 -Ex30.1 01 The altar of incense 11 The ransom of souls 17 The brazen laver 22 The holy anointing oil 34 The composition of the incense after ver. 32 of chap. 26. An altar essentially necessary to have some pleasing perfume to counteract the disagreeable smells that must have arisen from the slaughter of so many animals, the burning of so much flesh, the sprinkling of the blood. No blood was ever sprinkled on this altar, except once a year, on the grand day of expiation. It was called also the golden altar (Nu. 4.11); and the incense was as constantly burnt on it every day, as the morning and evening sacrifice of a lamb was burnt on the brazen altar. 10342-900529-1022 -Ex30.2 10343-900529-1023 -Ex30.3 10344-900529-1023 -Ex30.4 10345-900529-1024 -Ex30.5 10346-900529-1027 -Ex30.6 are thought to be a repetition of the preceding clause, before the vail that is by the ark of the testimony. The repetition, as Dr. Kennicott observes, places the altar of incense before the mercy seat, and consequently in the Holy of Holies! Now this could not be, as the altar of incense was attended every day, and the Holy of Holies entered only once in the year. The five words which appear to be a repetition are wanting in twenty-six of Kennicott's and Rossi's MSS and in the Samaritan Text. 10347-900529-1028 -Ex30.7 10348-900529-1028 -Ex30.8 between the two evens 10349-900529-1029 -Ex30.9 10350-900529-1029 -Ex30.10 10351-900529-1029 -Ex30.11 10352-900529-1031 -Ex30.12 10353-900529-1034 -Ex30.13 10354-900529-1034 -Ex30.14 10355-900529-1035 -Ex30.15 atonement 10356-900529-1035 -Ex30.16 10357-900529-1035 -Ex30.17 10358-900529-1036 -Ex30.18 10359-900529-1037 -Ex30.19 10360-900529-1037 -Ex30.20 10361-900529-1037 -Ex30.21 10362-900529-1038 -Ex30.22 10363-900529-1042 -Ex30.23 larger branches of a thorny tree resembling the acacia, growing in Arabia, Egypt, and Abyssinia. Its taste is extremely bitter; but its smell, though strong, is agreeable; and it entered into the composition of the most costly ointments among the ancients. The epithet deror, rendered pure, properly denotes fluid, from the Arabic darra, to flow; by which is meant the finest and most excellent kind, called stacte, which isues of itself from the bark without incision. Cinamon. Kinnamon bosem, odoriferous or spicy cinnamon, is the bark of the canella, a small tree of the size of a willow growing in the island of Ceylon. sweet calamus. Kenaih bosem, calamus aromaticus, or odoriferous cane, is a reed growing in Egypt, Syria, and India, about two feet in height, bearing from the root a knotted stalk, quite round, containing in its cavity a soft white pith. It is said to scent the air while growing; and when cut down, dried, and powdered, makes an ingredient in the richest perfumes. 10364-900529-1043 -Ex30.24 10365-900530-0904 -Ex30.25 10366-900530-0904 -Ex30.26 10367-900530-0904 -Ex30.27 10368-900530-0905 -Ex30.28 10369-900530-0905 -Ex30.29 10370-900530-0906 -Ex30.30 10371-900530-0906 -Ex30.31 10372-900530-0907 -Ex30.32 10373-900530-0907 -Ex30.33 10374-900530-0912 -Ex30.34 was afterwards called the balm of Jericho, or Gilead. onycha. The word shechaileth is generally allowed to denote onycha, (nail-fish, from its form,) as it is rendered by the LXX. and Vulgate. It is the shell of the purpura, and of the whole class of murex; and serves as the basis of the principal perfumes in India. Galbanum. Chelbenah, (probably from Chalay, milk or gum, and lavan, white,) is the gummy, resinous juice of an umbelliferous plant, the bubon gumniferum of Linnaeu, growing in Syria, Persia, and Africa. It rises with a ligneous stalk from eight to ten feet, and is garnished with leaves at every joint. The top of the stalk is terminated by an umbel of yellow flowers which are succeeded by oblong channelled seeds, which have a thin membrane or wing on their border. When any part of the plant is broken, there issues out a little thin juice, of a cream colour, of a fat tough substance, like gum ammoniac, composed of many small, shining grains, of a strong, piercing smell and a sharp, warm taste. frankincense 10375-900530-0913 -Ex30.35 10376-900530-0913 -Ex30.36 10377-900530-0914 -Ex30.37 10378-900530-0914 -Ex30.38 10379-900530-0915 -Ex31.1 01 Bezaleel and Aholiah are appointed and qualified for the work of the tabernacle 12 The observation of the sabbath is again commanded 18 Moses receives the two tables 10380-900530-0915 -Ex31.2 10381-900530-0918 -Ex31.3 which is a usual Hebraism, signifying 'an excellent spirit;' or, as we should now say, 'a distinguished genius for the work he had to perform.' No man, by course of reading or study, ever acquired a genius of any kind: we call it natural, and say it was born with the man; Moses teaches us to consider it divine. The prophet Isaish, (ch. 28.24-29,) pointedly refers to this sort of teaching as coming from God, even in the most common and less difficult arts of life. Dark as the heathens were, yet they acknowledged that all talents and the seeds of all arts came from God. 10382-900530-0918 -Ex31.4 10383-900530-0919 -Ex31.5 10384-900530-0920 -Ex31.6 10385-900530-0921 -Ex31.7 10386-900530-0922 -Ex31.8 10387-900530-0922 -Ex31.9 10388-900530-0923 -Ex31.10 10389-900530-0923 -Ex31.11 10390-900530-0924 -Ex31.12 10391-900530-0924 -Ex31.13 10392-900530-0925 -Ex31.14 10393-900530-0926 -Ex31.15 10394-900530-0927 -Ex31.16 10395-900530-0928 -Ex31.17 applies to himself here what belongs to man; though it may refer to the delight and satisfaction with which he contemplated the completion of all his works and pronounced them very good 10396-900530-0929 -Ex31.18 10397-900530-0934 -Ex32.1 01 The people in the absence of Moses, caused Aaron to make a calf 07 God informs Moses, who intercedes for Israel, and prevails 15 Moses comes down with the tables 19 He breaks them 20 He destroys the calf 22 Aaron's excuse for himself 25 Moses causes the idolaters to be slain 30 He prays for the people 10398-900530-0935 -Ex32.2 10399-900530-0935 -Ex32.3 10400-900530-0936 -Ex32.4 10401-900530-0937 -Ex32.5 10402-900530-0938 -Ex32.6 manner of the Egyptians 10403-900530-0939 -Ex32.7 10404-900530-0939 -Ex32.8 10405-900530-0940 -Ex32.9 10406-900530-0941 -Ex32.10 10407-900530-0942 -Ex32.11 10408-900530-0943 -Ex32.12 10409-900530-0944 -Ex32.13 10410-900530-0944 -Ex32.14 10411-900530-0945 -Ex32.15 10412-900530-0945 -Ex32.16 10413-900530-0947 -Ex32.17 place where Moses had left him--below the summit of the mount, at a distance from the people, and out of the way of temptation. Joshua 10414-900530-0947 -Ex32.18 10415-900530-0948 -Ex32.19 10416-900530-0951 -Ex32.20 idolatry appear, when they were obliged to drink their god, reduced to powder, and strewed on the water! Some have asked, how gold, the most ductile and ponderous of all metals, could have been stamped into dust, and strewed on the water. In De. 9.21, this is fully explained. I took, says Moses, your sin, the calf which ye had made, and burnt it with fire; that is, melted it down, probably into ingots or gross plates, and stamped it, beat it into thin laminae, something like our gold leaf, and ground it very small, even until it was as small as dust, which might be very easily done by the action of the hands, when beat into thin plates or leaves as the original words ekkoth, and dak, imply. 10417-900530-0952 -Ex32.21 10418-900530-0952 -Ex32.22 10419-900530-0953 -Ex32.23 10420-900530-0953 -Ex32.24 10421-900530-0954 -Ex32.25 and defenceless, or ashamed from the consciousness of guilt 10422-900530-0955 -Ex32.26 10423-900530-0955 -Ex32.27 10424-900530-0956 -Ex32.28 10425-900530-0957 -Ex32.29 Consecrate yourselves today to the Lord; because every man hath been against his son and against his brother. Moses 10426-900530-0958 -Ex32.30 10427-900530-0959 -Ex32.31 10428-900530-1001 -Ex32.32 which those born of a particular tribe were entered in the list of their respective families under that tribe. This was the book of life; and when any died, his name might be considered as blotted out of this list. But as Moses addressed the Lord, he undoubtedly referred, by faith, to the book of God's remembrance. 10429-900530-1001 -Ex32.33 10430-900530-1002 -Ex32.34 10431-900530-1002 -Ex32.35 10432-900531-0956 -Ex33.1 01 The Lord refuses to go as he had promised with the people 04 The people mourn therat 07 The tabernacle is removed out of the camp 09 The Lord talks familiarly with Moses 12 Moses prevails with God, and desires to see his glory 10433-900531-0957 -Ex33.2 10434-900531-0958 -Ex33.3 10435-900531-0959 -Ex33.4 10436-900531-1000 -Ex33.5 10437-900531-1000 -Ex33.6 10438-900531-1002 -Ex33.7 which was before in the midst of the camp, and to which the people came for judgment; and where, no doubt, God frequently met his servant. This situation, as well as the superior elegance, of a chief's tent, was one mode by which he was honoured. afar off. 10439-900531-1003 -Ex33.8 10440-900531-1003 -Ex33.9 10441-900531-1004 -Ex33.10 10442-900531-1004 -Ex33.11 10443-900531-1005 -Ex33.12 10444-900531-1006 -Ex33.13 10445-900531-1006 -Ex33.14 10446-900531-1007 -Ex33.15 10447-900531-1007 -Ex33.16 10448-900531-1008 -Ex33.17 10449-900531-1009 -Ex33.18 10450-900531-1017 -Ex33.19 10451-900531-1020 -Ex33.20 Sepher Cosri, 'Of that divine glory mentioned in the scripture, there is one degree which the eyes of the prophets were able to explore; another which all the Israelites saw, as the cloud and consuming fire; the third is so bright, and so dazzling, that no mortal is able to comprehend it; but should anyone venture to look on it, his whole frame would be dissolved.' In such inconceivable splendour is the Divine Majesty revealed to the inhabitants of the celestial world, where he is said to 'dwell in the light which no man can approach unto.' By the 'face of God,' therefore, we are to understand that light inaccessible before which angels may stand, but which would be so insufferable to mortal eyes, that no man could see it and live. 10452-900531-1021 -Ex33.21 10453-900531-1022 -Ex33.22 was sheltered, was doubtless an emblem of Christ; in whose person, character, and salvation alone, sinners may by faith see the glory of God, and live; for there it appears in softened splendour; as the sun, when his brightness is diminished by a mist, is beheld more distinctly by the human eye.- -Scott 10454-900531-1023 -Ex33.23 10455-900531-1025 -Ex34.1 01 The tables are renewed 05 The name of the Lord proclaimed 08 Moses intreats God to go with them 10 God makes a covenant with them, repeating certain duties of the first table 28 Moses after forty days in the mount, comes down with the tables 29 His face shines, and he covers it with a vail 10456-900531-1025 -Ex34.2 10457-900531-1025 -Ex34.3 10458-900531-1026 -Ex34.4 10459-900531-1026 -Ex34.5 10460-900531-1028 -Ex34.6 10461-900531-1031 -Ex34.7 rendered 'Acquitting him who is not innocent.' Nothing can more strongly express the goodness of God to frail mortals than this declaration, 'which has been misunderstood and misinterpreted by all our translators.' 10462-900531-1032 -Ex34.8 10463-900531-1033 -Ex34.9 10464-900531-1034 -Ex34.10 10465-900531-1034 -Ex34.11 10466-900531-1035 -Ex34.12 10467-900531-1035 -Ex34.13 10468-900531-1036 -Ex34.14 10469-900531-1037 -Ex34.15 10470-900531-1038 -Ex34.16 10471-900531-1038 -Ex34.17 10472-900531-1039 -Ex34.18 10473-900531-1039 -Ex34.19 10474-900531-1040 -Ex34.20 10475-900531-1041 -Ex34.21 10476-900531-1041 -Ex34.22 10477-900531-1042 -Ex34.23 10478-900531-1043 -Ex34.24 10479-900531-1043 -Ex34.25 10480-900531-1044 -Ex34.26 10481-900531-1044 -Ex34.27 10482-900531-1047 -Ex34.28 10483-900531-1050 -Ex34.29 out, or dart forth, as horns on the head of an animal, or rays of light reflected from a polished surface, we may suppose that the heavenly glory which filled the soul of this holy man, darted out from his face in coruscations, in the manner in which light is generally represented. The Vulgate renders it, 'and he did not know that his face was horned;' which version, misunderstood, has induced painters to represent Moses with two very large horns, one proceeding from each temple! 10484-900531-1050 -Ex34.30 10485-900531-1052 -Ex34.31 10486-900531-1052 -Ex34.32 10487-900531-1053 -Ex34.33 10488-900531-1053 -Ex34.34 10489-900531-1054 -Ex34.35 10490-900531-1055 -Ex35.1 01 The sabbath 04 The free gifts for the tabernacle 20 The readiness of the people to offer 30 Bezaleel and Aholiab are called to the work 10491-900531-1056 -Ex35.2 10492-900531-1057 -Ex35.3 10493-900531-1057 -Ex35.4 10494-900531-1058 -Ex35.5 10495-900531-1058 -Ex35.6 10496-900531-1059 -Ex35.7 10497-900531-1059 -Ex35.8 10498-900531-1059 -Ex35.9 10499-900531-1100 -Ex35.10 10500-900531-1101 -Ex35.11 curved form; hooks, clasps, or anything used for the purpose of fastening; the word taches is formed by aphaeresis from the French attacher, to fasten. They were equivalent, perhaps, to our hooks-and-eyes. 10501-900531-1102 -Ex35.12 10502-900531-1102 -Ex35.13 10503-900531-1103 -Ex35.14 gold, and is described as having one shaft, with six branches proceeding from it, adorned at equal distances with six flowers, like lilies, with as many bowls and knops placed alternatley. 10504-900531-1104 -Ex35.15 10505-900531-1104 -Ex35.16 10506-900531-1105 -Ex35.17 10507-900531-1108 -Ex35.18 mentioned. Josephus says, that to every board of the tabernacle, and to every pillar of the hangings of the court, there were ropes or cords, fastened at the top of the board or pillar, and that the other end of the rope was fastened to a nail or pin, which, at a good distance off, was driven into the ground up to the head, a cubit deep. This was to keep the tabernacle from being blown down by the wind. Dr. Shaw, describing the tents of the Bedouins, says, 'These tents are kept firm and steady by bracing or stretching down their eaves with cords tied to wooden hooked pins, well pointed, which they drive into the ground with a mallet; one of these pins answering to the nail, as the mallet does to the hammer, which Jael used in fastening to the ground the temples of Sisera.' 10508-900531-1109 -Ex35.19 10509-900531-1109 -Ex35.20 10510-900531-1110 -Ex35.21 10511-900531-1112 -Ex35.22 together; fibula, as Montanus renders; or bracelets, which are hooked or clasped together; so Vulgate, armillas. or zone. every man 10512-900531-1112 -Ex35.23 10513-900531-1112 -Ex35.24 10514-900531-1113 -Ex35.25 10515-900531-1113 -Ex35.26 10516-900531-1114 -Ex35.27 10517-900531-1115 -Ex35.28 10518-900531-1115 -Ex35.29 10519-900531-1116 -Ex35.30 10520-900531-1127 -Ex35.31 prudent,) wisdom, denoting the compass of mind and strength of capacity necessary to form a wise man; hence our word wisdom is the power of judging what is wise, or best to be done; from the Saxon wisedom, the doom or judgment of the well taught, wise, or prudent man, from wisan, to teach, advise, and deman, to judge. understanding. Tevoonah, (from boon, to separate, distinguish, discern,) understanding, discernment, capacity to comprehend the different parts of a work, how to connect, arrange, etc., in order to make a complete whole. knowledge. Daath, (from yada, to know, be acquainted with,) knowledge, or a particular acquaintance with a person or thing. practical, experimental knowledge. 10521-900531-1128 -Ex35.32 10522-900531-1128 -Ex35.33 10523-900531-1128 -Ex35.34 10524-900531-1129 -Ex35.35 10525-900531-1131 -Ex36.1 01 The offerings are delivered to the workmen 04 The liberality of the people is restrained 08 The curtains with cherubims 14 The curtains of goats' hair 19 The covering of skins 20 The boards with their sockets 31 The bars 35 The vail 37 The hanging for the door 10526-900601-0953 -Ex36.2 10527-900601-0954 -Ex36.3 10528-900601-0954 -Ex36.4 10529-900601-0955 -Ex36.5 10530-900601-0955 -Ex36.6 diligently employed in every good work. 10531-900601-0956 -Ex36.7 10532-900601-1001 -Ex36.8 we cannot determine. Some, observing that the verb kerav in Syriac, sometimes means to resemble, make like, conceive the noun keroov signifies no more than an image, figure, or representation of anything. Josephus says they were flying animals, like none of those which are seen by man, but such as Moses saw about the throne of God. In another place he says, 'As for the cherubim, nobody can tell or conceive what they were like.' These symbolical figures, according to the description of them by Ezekiel, (ch. 1.10 10.14,) were creatures with four heads and one body; and the animals of which these forms consisted were the noblest of their kind; the lion among the wild beasts; the bull among the tame ones; the eagle among the birds, and man at the head of all. Hence some have conceived them to be somewhat of the shape of flying oxen; and it is alleged in favour of this opinion, that the far more common meaning of the verb kerav, in Chaldee, Syriac, and Arabic, being to plough, the natural meaning of keroov, is a creature used in ploughing. This seems to have been the ancient opinion which tradition had handed down, concerning the shape of the cherubim with the flaming sword, that guarded the tree of life. 10533-900601-1001 -Ex36.9 10534-900601-1002 -Ex36.10 10535-900601-1002 -Ex36.11 10536-900601-1002 -Ex36.12 10537-900601-1003 -Ex36.13 10538-900601-1003 -Ex36.14 10539-900601-1003 -Ex36.15 10540-900601-1004 -Ex36.16 10541-900601-1004 -Ex36.17 10542-900601-1004 -Ex36.18 10543-900601-1006 -Ex36.19 tabernacle. The first and lowermost was made of fine linen, richly embroidered with figures of cherubim, in shades of blue, purple, and scarlet. It is reasonable to suppose, that the right side of this curtain was undermost, and so it formed a beautiful ceiling in the inside of the tabernacle. The second covering, which lay over the embroidered one, was made of a sort of mohair, and the fourth, or uppermost one, which was to keep the others from the weather was made of tachash, or badgers' skins. 10544-900601-1007 -Ex36.20 10545-900601-1011 -Ex36.21 twenty-two inches, was about eighteen feet long, and two feet nine inches broad. As these boards are said to be standing up their length was consequently the height of the tabernacle; and as the two sides were composed of twenty of these, standing up, and the west end of six with two boards to project at the corners, the tabernacle must therefore, have been thirty cubits, or fifty-five feet long, and about ten cubits, or eighteen feet broad. These boards were fastened at the bottom by two tenons in each board, which fitted into two morticles in the foundation, at the top by links or hasps, and on the sides by five wooden bars, which ran through rings or staples in each of the boards. The boards and bars were all overlaid with gold; and their rings for the staves, and their hasps at top, were of the same metal. The foundation on which they stood consisted of about ninety-six solid blocks of silver, two under each board, about eighteen inches long, and of a suitable thickness; and each weighing a talent, or about a hundred weight. Four blocks of silver formed the bases of the columns which supported the curtain that divided the inside of the tabernacle into two rooms. 10546-900601-1011 -Ex36.22 10547-900601-1012 -Ex36.23 10548-900601-1012 -Ex36.24 10549-900601-1012 -Ex36.25 10550-900601-1012 -Ex36.26 10551-900601-1013 -Ex36.27 10552-900601-1013 -Ex36.28 10553-900601-1014 -Ex36.29 10554-900601-1014 -Ex36.30 under one board 10555-900601-1014 -Ex36.31 10556-900601-1015 -Ex36.32 10557-900601-1015 -Ex36.33 10558-900601-1015 -Ex36.34 10559-900601-1019 -Ex36.35 make a distinction between somewhat, the inner vail, which divided the tabernacle into two, and separated, and made a distinction between the Holy place and the Holy of Holies. This vail was made of the same rich materials as the inner covering of the tabernacle, and curiously embroidered with cherubim and other ornaments. Though it does not appear from Scripture at what distance from either end of the tabernacle this vail was hung, yet is is reasonably conjectured, that it divided it in the same proportion in which the temple, built after this model, was divided; that is, two-thirds of the whole length were alloted to the first room, and one-third to the second; so that the room beyond the vail, the Holy of Holies, was exactly square, being ten cubits each way, and the first room, the sanctuary, was twice as long as it was board. 10560-900601-1041 -Ex36.36 10561-900601-1043 -Ex36.37 same materials and of the same workmanship as the inner vail and inner covering of the tabernacle. The text does not say how low it hung. Philo makes it touch the ground; but Josephus will have it to come down but half way, so that the people might have a view of the inside of the tabernacle; but then he says there was another curtain over that, which came to the ground, to keep it from the weather, and was drawn aside on the sabbath and other festivals. 10562-900601-1044 -Ex36.38 10563-900605-1031 -Ex37.1 01 The ark and mercy seat with cherubims made 10 The table of shew-bread with its vessels 17 The candlestick with its lamps and instruments 25 The altar of incense 29 The anointing oil and sweet incense 10564-900605-1032 -Ex37.2 10565-900605-1032 -Ex37.3 10566-900605-1033 -Ex37.4 10567-900605-1033 -Ex37.5 10568-900605-1034 -Ex37.6 10569-900605-1034 -Ex37.7 10570-900605-1035 -Ex37.8 10571-900605-1035 -Ex37.9 10572-900605-1040 -Ex37.10 put within the most holy place; but without the vail this 'table of shittim wood' was fixed, of the same height as the ark, but neither so long nor so broad. It was made of the same materials as the ark, and with a golden cornice; but it had also another cornice below the edge, and one at the bottom, with a border between the two of a hand breadth; though some think one border only was below the edge, and that this was towards the bottom, to keep the feet or legs more closely united. The table also had rings and staves for the convenience of removing it. To it were annexed several vessels; as dishes, in which some think the shewbread was placed; or according to others, the flour of which it was made, or the oil used for various purposes; spoons, which were employed about the incense offered on the golden altar, or carried within the vail in a censer on the day of atonement. Some have supposed the word to denote vials, as we read of vials full of odours and incense; covers, which seem to have been put over both the loaves and the incense, yet some suppose they were vessels used in drink-offerings; but that is more reasonably considered as the use of the bowls. 10573-900605-1040 -Ex37.11 10574-900605-1040 -Ex37.12 10575-900605-1041 -Ex37.13 10576-900605-1041 -Ex37.14 10577-900605-1041 -Ex37.15 10578-900605-1042 -Ex37.16 10579-900605-1042 -Ex37.17 10580-900605-1043 -Ex37.18 10581-900605-1043 -Ex37.19 10582-900605-1043 -Ex37.20 10583-900605-1043 -Ex37.21 10584-900605-1044 -Ex37.22 10585-900605-1044 -Ex37.23 10586-900605-1045 -Ex37.24 10587-900605-1045 -Ex37.25 10588-900605-1045 -Ex37.26 10589-900605-1046 -Ex37.27 10590-900605-1046 -Ex37.28 10591-900605-1047 -Ex37.29 10592-900605-1050 -Ex38.1 01 The altar of burnt offering 08 The laver of brass 09 The court, and its hangings 21 The sum of what the people offered, and the use to which it was applied (acacia) wood, covered with brass, and hollow in the middle; but it is supposed to have been filled up with earth when used, for it is expressly said that the altar is to be of earth. As it was five cubits long and five cubits broad, and three cubits high, if the cubit be reckoned at 21 inches, it must have been eight feet nine inches square, and about five feet three inches in height. 10593-900605-1050 -Ex38.2 10594-900605-1051 -Ex38.3 10595-900605-1051 -Ex38.4 10596-900605-1051 -Ex38.5 10597-900605-1052 -Ex38.6 10598-900605-1052 -Ex38.7 10599-900605-1057 -Ex38.8 raah, to see, denotes reflectors, or mirrors, of any kind. That these could not have been looking glasses, as in our translation, is sufficiently evident, not only from the glass not being then in use, but also from the impossibility of making the brazen laver of such materials. The first mirrors known among men, were the clear fountain and unruffled lake. The first artificial ones were made of polished brass, afterwards of steel, and when luxury increased, of silver; but at a very early period, they were made of a mixed metal, particularly of tin and copper, the best of which as Pliny informs us, were formerly manufactured at Brundusium. When the Egyptians went to their temples, according to St. Cyril, they always carried their mirrors with them. The Israelitish women probably did the same; and Dr. Shaw says, that looking-glasses are still part of the dress of Moorish women, who carry them constantly hung at their breasts. Assembling. Heb. assembling by troops. It is supposed that these women kept watch during the night. Among the ancients, women were generally employed as door-keepers. 10600-900605-1058 -Ex38.9 10601-900605-1058 -Ex38.10 10602-900605-1058 -Ex38.11 10603-900605-1059 -Ex38.12 10604-900605-1059 -Ex38.13 10605-900605-1059 -Ex38.14 10606-900605-1059 -Ex38.15 10607-900605-1100 -Ex38.16 10608-900605-1100 -Ex38.17 10609-900605-1100 -Ex38.18 10610-900605-1103 -Ex38.19 10611-900605-1103 -Ex38.20 10612-900605-1110 -Ex38.21 senses, and signifies, a tent or pavilion. of the men, the palace of the Most High, the dwelling of the God of Israel type, wherein God dwells really, substantially, and personally 10613-900605-1115 -Ex38.22 their divine appointment; yet they had an express nomination to their work; they were also miraculously qualified to instruct their assistants, as well as to superintend them. Christ alone builds the Temple of the Lord, and bears the glory; but ministers and private Christians, under his direction and by his grace, may be fellow-workers together with him. They who, in mean employments, are diligent and humbly contented, are equally acceptable with those who are engaged in more splendid services. The women who spun the goats' hair were wise-hearted, as well as the persons who presided over the work of the tabernacle, or as Aaron, who burnt incense there, because they did it heartily unto the Lord. Our wisdom and duty consist in giving God the glory and use of our talents, be they more or less; neither abusing nor burying them, but occupying with them until our Lord shall come; being satisfied that it is better to be a door-keeper in his service, than the most mighty and renowned of the ungodly.- -Scott 10614-900605-1115 -Ex38.23 10615-900605-1122 -Ex38.24 Prideaux, the value of the twenty-nine talents, and 730 shekels of gold, will be 198,347l. 12s. 6d. The value of the silver contributed by 603,550 Israelites, at half a shekel, or 1s.6d. per man, will amount of 45,266l.5s. The value of the 70 talents, 2400 shekels of brass, will be 513l.17s. The gold weighed 4245 pounds, the silver, 14,603 pounds, and the brass, 10,277 pounds, troy weight. The total value of all the gold, silver, and brass, will consequently amount to 244,127l.14s.6d.; and the total weight of these three metals will amount to 29,124 pounds troy, which reduced to avoirdupois weight, is equal to fourteen tons, 226 pounds!- -It may, perhaps, seem difficult to imagine how the Israelites should be possessed of so much wealth in the desert; but it should be remembered, that their ancestors were opulent men before they came into Egypt; that they were further enriched by the spoils of the Egyptians and Amalekites; and that it is probable, they traded with the neighbouring nations who bordered on the wilderness. There appear to be three reasons why so much riches should have been employed in the construction of the tabernacle. To impress the people's minds with the glory and dignity of the Divine Majesty, and the importance of his service. To take out of their hands the occasion of covetousness. To prevent pride and vain glory, by leading them to give up to the divine service even the ornaments of their persons. 10616-900605-1123 -Ex38.25 10617-900605-1123 -Ex38.26 10618-900605-1124 -Ex38.27 10619-900605-1124 -Ex38.28 10620-900605-1125 -Ex38.29 10621-900605-1125 -Ex38.30 10623-900606-0800 -Ex39.1 01 The cloths of service and holy garments. 02 The ephod 08 The breast-plate 22 The robe of the ephod 27 The coats, mitre, and girdle of fine linen 30 The plate of the holy crown 32 All is finished, reviewed, and approved by Moses 10624-900606-0801 -Ex39.2 10625-900606-0801 -Ex39.3 10626-900606-0801 -Ex39.4 10627-900606-0802 -Ex39.5 10628-900606-0806 -Ex39.6 determined. It has been variously rendered a beryl, emerald, prasius, sapphire, sardius, ruby, carnelian, onyx, and sardonyx. It may signify both the onyx and sardonyx. The latter stone is a mixture of the chalcedony and carnelian, sometimes in strata, and at other times blended together, and is found striped with white and red strata, or layers. It is generally allowed that there is no real difference, except in hardness, between the carnelian, chalcedony, agate, sardonyx, and onyx. The onyx is of a darkish horny colour, resembling the nail or hoof, from which circumstance it has its name. It has often a plate of a blueish white or red in it, and when on one or both sides of this white there appears a plate of a reddish colour, the jewellers call the stone a sardonyx. stones in, from shavaltz, to straiten, enclose. 10629-900606-0806 -Ex39.7 10630-900606-0807 -Ex39.8 10631-900606-0807 -Ex39.9 10632-900606-0807 -Ex39.10 10633-900606-0810 -Ex39.11 to beat, smite, because of its extreme hardness, by which it will beat to pieces the other stones. It is a fine pellucid substance never debased with any admixture of other matter; susceptible of elegant tinges from metal-line particles; giving fire with steel; not fermenting with acid menstrua; scarcely calcinable by any degree of fire; and of one simple and permanent appearance in all lights. It is the hardest and most valuable of all gems; when pure, perfectly clear and pellucid as the clearest water, and eminently distinguished from all other substances by its vivid splendour, and the brightness of its reflections. 10634-900606-0814 -Ex39.12 hyacinth, a precious stone of a deep red, with a considerable tinge of yellow. Theophrastus and Pliny says it resembles the carbuncle, of a brightness sparkling like fire. An agate. Shevo, the agate, a semi-pellucid compound gem, formed of different simple minerals, as chalcedony, cornelian, jasper. horn-stone, quartz, amethyst, opal, joined irregularly or in layers. It is of a white, reddish, yellowish, or greenish ground; and so variously figured in its substance as to represent plants, trees, animals, and other objects. An amethyst. Achlamah, an amethyst, a transparent gem, composed of a strong blue and deep red; and according as either prevails, affording different tinges of purple, sometimes approaching to violet, and sometimes even fading to a pale rose colour. 10635-900606-0815 -Ex39.13 colour. a jasper. Yaspeh, the jasper, a hard stone, of which there are not less than fifteen varieties of colour, as green, red, yellow, brown, black, etc. 10636-900606-0815 -Ex39.14 10637-900606-0815 -Ex39.15 10638-900606-0816 -Ex39.16 10639-900606-0816 -Ex39.17 10640-900606-0816 -Ex39.18 10641-900606-0818 -Ex39.19 10642-900606-0817 -Ex39.20 10643-900606-0818 -Ex39.21 10644-900606-0818 -Ex39.22 10645-900606-0819 -Ex39.23 10646-900606-0819 -Ex39.24 10647-900606-0820 -Ex39.25 10648-900606-0820 -Ex39.26 10649-900606-0821 -Ex39.27 fine linen or silk; called also butz, and by the Greeks and Romans, byssus. 10650-900606-0822 -Ex39.28 10651-900606-0828 -Ex39.29 eastern sash, which confines the loose garments about the waist; and in which their long skirts are tucked up when at work or on a journey. 10652-900606-0826 -Ex39.30 10653-900606-0828 -Ex39.31 10654-900606-0830 -Ex39.32 10655-900606-0831 -Ex39.33 10656-900606-0831 -Ex39.34 10657-900606-0833 -Ex39.35 10658-900606-0833 -Ex39.36 10659-900606-0833 -Ex39.37 10660-900606-0834 -Ex39.38 10661-900606-0834 -Ex39.39 10662-900606-0834 -Ex39.40 10663-900606-0835 -Ex39.41 10664-900606-0836 -Ex39.42 10665-900606-0836 -Ex39.43 10666-900606-0837 -Ex40.1 01 The tabernacle is commanded to be reared, anointed, and consecrated 13 Aaron and his sons to be sanctified 16 Moses performs all things accordingly 34 A cloud covers the tabernacle 10667-900606-0838 -Ex40.2 10668-900606-0838 -Ex40.3 10669-900606-0839 -Ex40.4 10670-900606-0840 -Ex40.5 10671-900606-0840 -Ex40.6 10672-900606-0841 -Ex40.7 10673-900606-0841 -Ex40.8 10674-900606-0843 -Ex40.9 10675-900606-0843 -Ex40.10 10676-900606-0844 -Ex40.11 10677-900606-0844 -Ex40.12 10678-900606-0844 -Ex40.13 10679-900606-0845 -Ex40.14 10680-900606-0845 -Ex40.15 10681-900606-0846 -Ex40.16 10682-900606-0847 -Ex40.17 10683-900606-0848 -Ex40.18 10684-900606-0848 -Ex40.19 10685-900606-0849 -Ex40.20 10686-900606-0849 -Ex40.21 10687-900606-0850 -Ex40.22 10688-900606-0851 -Ex40.23 10689-900606-0851 -Ex40.24 10690-900606-0851 -Ex40.25 10691-900606-0852 -Ex40.26 10692-900606-0852 -Ex40.27 10693-900606-0853 -Ex40.28 10694-900606-0853 -Ex40.29 10695-900606-0854 -Ex40.30 10696-900606-0854 -Ex40.31 10697-900606-0854 -Ex40.32 10698-900606-0859 -Ex40.33 or a tent, because it had wooden walls and partitions like a house, and curtains and hangings like a tent; but as it externally resembled a common oblong tent, and the wooden walls were without a roof, and properly only supports for the many curtains and hangings spread over them, it is more properly called a tent. Even the ordinary tents of the Arabs have at least two main divisions; the innermost for the women, and hence called sacred, i.e. cut off, inaccessible. In the tent of an emir the innermost space is accessible to himself only, or those whom he particularly honours; into the outer tent others may come. The furniture is costly, the floor covered with a rich carpet, and has a stand with a censer and coals, on which incense is strewed. Hence we have the simple idea after which this magnificent royal tent of Jehovah, the King and God of the Hebrews, was made. hanging. 10699-900606-0900 -Ex40.34 10700-900606-0900 -Ex40.35 10701-900606-0902 -Ex40.36 10702-900606-0903 -Ex40.37 10703-900606-0903 -Ex40.38 10704-900623-2051 -Le1.1 Thus terminates this interesting and important book; a book containing a code of sacrificial, ceremonial, civil, and judicial laws, which, for the purity of their morality, the wisdom, justice, and beneficence of their enactments, and the simplicity, dignity, and impressive nature of their rites, are perfectly unrivalled, and altogether worthy of their Divine Author. All the rites and ceremonies of the Mosaic law are at once dignified and expressive. They point out the holiness of their author, the sinfulness of man, the necessity of an atonement, and the state of moral excellence to which the grace and mercy of the Creator have destined to raise the human soul. They {include}, as well as {point out}, the gospel of the Son of God; from which they receive their consummation and perfection. The sacrifices and oblations were significant of the atonement of Christ; the requisite qualities of these sacrifices were emblematical of his immaculate character; and the prescribed mode in the form of these offerings, and mystical rites ordained, were allusive institutions, calculated to enlighten the apprehensions of the Jews, the Great High Priest, called and prepared of God, who hat an unchangeable priesthood, and is able to save to the uttermost all that come to God by him. 3-9 of the herd 10-14 of the flocks 14-17 of the fowls 10705-900611-2019 -Le1.2 offering, or offering of access, in allusion to the {present} which is always required in the East, on being introduced to a superior. 10706-900611-2026 -Le1.3 10707-900611-2029 -Le1.4 10708-900611-2031 -Le1.5 10709-900611-2031 -Le1.6 10710-900611-2032 -Le1.7 10711-900611-2034 -Le1.8 10712-900611-2035 -Le1.9 10713-900611-2040 -Le1.10 because this offering ascended, as it were, to God in flame and smoke, being wholy consumed; for which reason its is called in the Septuagint, [], a whole burnt offering. This was the most important of all the sacrifices; and no part of it was eaten either by the priest or the offerer, but the whole was offered to God. It has been sufficiently shown by learned men, that almost every nation of the earth, in every age, had their burnt offerings, from the persuasion that there was no other way to appease the incensed gods; and they even offered human sacrifices, because they imagined that life was necessary to redeem life, and that the gods would be satisfied with nothing less. 10714-900611-2041 -Le1.11 10715-900611-2042 -Le1.12 10716-900611-2042 -Le1.13 10717-900611-2042 -Le1.14 10718-900611-2044 -Le1.15 10719-900611-2046 -Le1.16 10720-900611-2047 -Le1.17 10721-900622-2203 -Le2.1 4 either baked in the oven 5,6 or on a plate 7-11 or in a frying pan 12 The first fruits not to be burnt on the altar, 13 Salt to be used with every offering 14-16 The offering of first fruits in the ear especially as a {reciprocal gift}, a {gift, oblation}, or eucharistical of gratitude offering, for the bounties of providence displayed in the fruits of the earth. It is termed a {meat offering} by our translators, because the term {meat} in their time was the general name for food. 10722-900611-2057 -Le2.2 10723-900611-2058 -Le2.3 10724-900611-2121 -Le2.4 D'Arvieux, as used by the Arabs. He states that they make a fire in a great {stone pitcher}, and when heated, mix meal and water, which they apply with the hollow of their hands to the outside, and this soft paste spreading itself upon it, is baked in an instant, and the bread comes of as thin as out {wafers}. 10725-900611-2122 -Le2.5 plate}, such as the Arabs still use to bake their cakes on, and which is called a {griddle} in some of our counties. 10726-900611-2123 -Le2.6 10727-900611-2125 -Le2.7 {frying pan}, which the Arabs call a {tajen}. 10728-900611-2133 -Le2.8 10729-900611-2132 -Le2.9 10730-900611-2133 -Le2.10 10731-900611-2135 -Le2.11 10732-900611-2137 -Le2.12 10733-900611-2138 -Le2.13 10734-900611-2141 -Le2.14 voluntary oblation brought by individuals, of the finest ears of corn out of the field, before the harvest was ripe. 10735-900611-2141 -Le2.15 10736-900611-2142 -Le2.16 10737-900611-2146 -Le3.1 6 whether a lamb 7-11 whether a lamb 12-16 or a goat 17 A prohibition to eat fat or blood 10738-900611-2149 -Le3.2 10739-900611-2149 -Le3.3 10740-900611-2149 -Le3.4 liver, and over the kidneys. 10741-900611-2151 -Le3.5 10742-900611-2152 -Le3.6 10743-900611-2152 -Le3.7 10744-900611-2154 -Le3.8 10745-900611-2159 -Le3.9 To what has already been said on the {tails} of eastern sheep, we may add the testimony of Ludlof, who states that they are so very large, some of them weighing from {twelve} to {fourteen} pounds, `that the owners are obliged to tie a little cart behind them, whereupon they put the tail of the sheep, as well for the convenience of carriage, and to ease the poor creature, as to preserve the wool from dirt, and the tail from being torn among the bushes and stones.' The same is testified by Dr. Russell, who says, `In some other places where they feed in the fields, the shpherds are obliged to fix a piece of thin board to the under part of the tail, to prevent its being torn by bushes, thistles, etc., as it is not covered underneath with thick wool, like the upper part; and some have small wheels to facilitate the dragging of the board after them.' 10746-900614-2018 -Le3.10 10747-900614-2019 -Le3.11 10748-900614-2020 -Le3.12 10749-900614-2021 -Le3.13 10750-900614-2022 -Le3.14 10751-900614-2023 -Le3.15 10752-900614-2024 -Le3.16 10753-900621-2250 -Le3.17 That is, neither the blood which is contained in the larger {veins} and {arteries}, nor the {fat} or suet which is within the animal, which exists in a separate or unmixed state, as the {omentum} or {caul}, the fat of the {mesentery}, or fatty part of the substance which connects the convolutions of the alimentary canal or samll intestines, the fat of the {kidneys}, and whatever else of the internal fat was easily separable, together with the whold of the {tail} already described; for the blood which assumes the form of gravy, and fat which is intermixed with the orther flesh, might be eaten. This law not only related to the sacrifices, but to all the cattle which the Israelites slaughtered for food. 10754-900614-2033 -Le4.1 3-12 for the priest 13-21 for the congregation 22-26 for the ruler 27-35 for any of the people 10755-900614-2035 -Le4.2 10756-900614-2036 -Le4.3 10757-900614-2037 -Le4.4 10758-900614-2037 -Le4.5 10759-900614-2040 -Le4.6 The number {seven} is what is called a number of {perfection} among the Hebrews; and is often used to denote the {completion, fulness, or perfection} of a thing. 10760-900614-2040 -Le4.7 10761-900616-2229 -Le4.8 10762-900614-2042 -Le4.9 10763-900614-2042 -Le4.10 10764-900614-2043 -Le4.11 10765-900614-2047 -Le4.12 to without the camp. This was intended, figuratively, to express the enormity of this sin, and the availableness of the atonement. The sacrifice, as having the sin of the priest transferred from himself to it, by his confession and imposition of hands, was become unclean and abominable, and was carried, as it were, out of God's sightl and thus its own offensiveness was removed, with the sin of the person in whose behalf it was offered. ashes. 10766-900614-2051 -Le4.13 This may refer to some oversight in acts of religious worship, or to some transgression of the letter of the law, which arose out of the peculiar circumstances in which they were found, as in the case mentioned in 1sa 14.32, et seq. The sacrifices and rites in this case were the same as in the preceding; only here the elders laid their hands on the head of the victim, in the name of all the congregation. 10767-900614-2052 -Le4.14 10768-900614-2053 -Le4.15 10769-900614-2053 -Le4.16 10770-900614-2053 -Le4.17 10771-900614-2056 -Le4.18 The reason for pouring out the blood, which is so constantly and strictly required by the law, was in opposition to an idolatrous custom of the ancient Zabii, who `were accustomed to eat of the blood of their sacrifices, because they imagined this to be the food of their gods, with whom they thought they had such communion, by eating their meat, that they revealed to them future things,'- -Maimonides 10772-900614-2057 -Le4.19 10773-900614-2059 -Le4.20 10774-900614-2100 -Le4.21 10775-900614-2104 -Le4.22 Under the term {nasi}, that is, {one preferred or elevated} above others, from {nasa}, to {exalt}, it is probable that any person is meant who held any kind of political dignity among the people; and it evidently means the {head of a tribe} as in Nu 1.4,16 7.2 But the Rabbins generally understand it of the prince of the great sanhedrin, who, when they were under the regal form of govenrment, was the king. A {kid of the goats} was the sacrifice in this case; and the rites were nearly the same as in the preceding, only the {fat} was burnt as that of the {peace offering}. 10776-900614-2106 -Le4.23 10777-900614-2107 -Le4.24 10778-900614-2108 -Le4.25 10779-900614-2109 -Le4.26 10780-900614-2112 -Le4.27 {Am hadretz}: that is, any individual who was not a {priest, king or ruler} among the people; and ordinary person. Any of these having transgressed, was obliged to bring a lamb or kid, the ceremonies being nearly the same as in the preceding cases. 10781-900614-2113 -Le4.28 10782-900614-2113 -Le4.29 10783-900614-2114 -Le4.30 There may have been some place at the bottom of the altar to receive and carry off the blood. 10784-900614-2117 -Le4.31 10785-900614-2118 -Le4.32 10786-900614-2119 -Le4.33 10787-900614-2120 -Le4.34 10788-900614-2124 -Le4.35 10789-900614-2134 -Le5.1 2,3 in touching an unclean thing 4,5 or in making an oath 6 His trespass offering, of the flock 7-10 of fowls 11-13 or of flour 14-16 The trespass offering in sacrilege 17-19 and in sins of ignorance [], as the LXX. render; for this does not relate to the duty of informing agains a common swearer, but to the case of a person who, being adjured by the civil magistrate to answer upon oath, refuses to declare what he knows upon the subject--such an one {shall bear his iniquity}--shall be considered as guilty in the sight of God of the transgression which he has endeavoured to conceal, and must expect to be punished for hiding the iniquity with which he was acquainted. 10790-900614-2135 -Le5.2 10791-900614-2137 -Le5.3 10792-900614-2140 -Le5.4 afterwards unable, or which it would have been sinful, to perform. 10793-900614-2141 -Le5.5 10794-900614-2148 -Le5.6 It is remarkable, that in this and the following verse, the sacrifice offered is indifferently called {asham, a trespass offering,} and {chattah, a sin offering}; yet the Marginal References show that these differ in several respects. Sin offerings were sometimes offered for the whole congregation; trespass oferings never, but only for particular persons. Bullocks were sometimes used for sin offerings, never for trespass offerings. The blood of the sin offerings was put on the horns of the altar, that of the trespass offerings was only sprinkled round the bottom of the altar. The sin offering seems to have been for the expiation of offences commited in matters of religion, from a mistake of inadvertency repsecting the law; but the trespass offering was required for the casual deviations from the ritual law, when well known, or for crimes against moral precepts, implying injustice to man. 10795-900616-2228 -Le5.7 the sufficiency of a lamb 10796-900616-2230 -Le5.8 10797-900616-2231 -Le5.9 10798-900616-2233 -Le5.10 10799-900616-2255 -Le5.11 10800-900616-2258 -Le5.12 10801-900616-2300 -Le5.13 10802-900616-2300 -Le5.14 10803-900616-2303 -Le5.15 10804-900616-2305 -Le5.16 10805-900616-2308 -Le5.17 This case is supposed to differ from the preceeding, merely in that the person concerned was not certain whether he had or had not committed the trespass. It is therefore called by the Hebrews a {doubtful trespass offering}. 10806-900616-2309 -Le5.18 10807-900616-2310 -Le5.19 10808-900616-2312 -Le6.1 8-13 The law of the burnt offering 14-18 and of the meat offering 19-23 The offering at the consecration of a priest 24-30 The law of the sin offering 10809-900618-0750 -Le6.2 10810-900618-0751 -Le6.3 10811-900618-0806 -Le6.4 10812-900618-0813 -Le6.5 The property itself, if still remaining, or its full value, to which a fifth part more was to be added, to compensate the owner for the loss he had sustained by being deprived of the use of his goods. He must also bring a trespass offering to the Lord; which was intended to show that disobedience to God is the great evil, even of those crimes which are injurious to man, and that repentance, and even restitution, though needful in order to forgiveness, cannot atone for sin. trespass 10813-900618-0814 -Le6.6 10814-900618-0815 -Le6.7 10815-900618-0819 -Le6.8 and also, in the best Hebrew Bibles, the sixth chapter, which undoubtedly ought to begin here, as the inspired writer enters upon a new subject; the former part of the book being intended for the instruction of the {people} relative to the several sacrifices to be brought; but this for the instruction of the {priests} respecting some particulars of their official services. 10816-900618-0823 -Le6.9 10817-900618-0825 -Le6.10 10818-900618-0826 -Le6.11 10819-900618-0829 -Le6.12 perpetual, and we can never approach to God in his name, by day or night, unseasonably. The ministers of Christ should have the fire of their zeal constantly burning. 10820-900618-0830 -Le6.13 10821-900618-0830 -Le6.14 10822-900618-0850 -Le6.15 10823-900618-0851 -Le6.16 10824-900618-0852 -Le6.17 10825-900618-0857 -Le6.18 thing) that toucheth them shall be (or must be) holy;' that is, the priests must not eat of these oblations when under any ceremonial defilement, and the sacred utensils used about them must not be employed for any other purpose, or in any other way. 10826-900618-0857 -Le6.19 10827-900618-0905 -Le6.20 This oblation, which the Jews call a {mincha of initiation}, seems to have been required of the high priest alone `on the day in which he was anointed,' and from that time, every morning and evening, as long as he continued in office, and then in like manner of his successor; for, by `the sons of Aaron,' may be understood his descendants and successors in the high priesthood, in their generations. {from} that day forward; for it was a {daily oblation}, and for them and their successors, a {statue for ever}. 10828-900618-0905 -Le6.21 10829-900618-0906 -Le6.22 10830-900618-0909 -Le6.23 The meat offering of the people was eaten by the priests, who typically bore and expiated their sins; but as no priest, being a sinner, could make atonement for himself, his meat offering must not be eaten, but wholly burnt on the altar, which was a typical transfer of his guilt to the great antitype who actually bore and expiated it. 10831-900618-0910 -Le6.24 10832-900618-0911 -Le6.25 10833-900618-0912 -Le6.26 10834-900618-0913 -Le6.27 10835-900618-0913 -Le6.28 10836-900618-0914 -Le6.29 10837-900618-0915 -Le6.30 10838-900618-0919 -Le7.1 11 and of the peace offering 12-15 whether it be for a thanksgiving 16-21 or a vow, or a free will offering 22-27 the fat and the blood are forbidden 28-34 The priests' portion in the peace offerings 35-38 The whole summed up 10839-900618-0920 -Le7.2 10840-900618-0921 -Le7.3 10841-900618-0921 -Le7.4 10842-900618-0922 -Le7.5 10843-900618-0923 -Le7.6 10844-900618-0924 -Le7.7 10845-900618-0928 -Le7.8 all the flesh of the burnt offerings being consumed upon the altar, as well as the fat, there could nothing fall to the share of the priest but the skin; which must have been very valuable, as they were used as mattresses (ch. 15.17,) or as carpets to sit upon in the day. They are still used for the same purpose by some of the inhabitants and dervishes of the East. Bishop Patrick remarks, that Adam himself offered the first sacrifice, and had the skin given him by God, to make garments for him and his wife; in conformity with which, the priests ever after had the skin of the whole burnt offerings for their portion. 10846-900618-0936 -Le7.9 10847-900618-0936 -Le7.10 10848-900618-0937 -Le7.11 10849-900618-0939 -Le7.12 10850-900618-0941 -Le7.13 10851-900618-0942 -Le7.14 10852-900618-0954 -Le7.15 Mr. Harmer supposes that this law refers to the custom of {drying flesh}, that had been devoted to a religious purpose, which is practised among the Mohammedans at the present day, on the their pilgrimage to Mecca. `It would not have suited,' he observes. `the genius of the Mosaic dispensation, to have allowed them to have dried the flesh of their peace offerings, whether in thanksgiving, in consequence of a vow, or merely voluntary, and have afterwards eaten the flesh very commonly in a sparing manner, or communicated only some small portion of it to their particular friends: their peace offerings were to be eaten, on the contrary, with festivity, communicated to their friends with liberality, and bestowed on the poor with great generosity, that they might partake with them of these sacred repasts with joy before the Lord.' 10853-900618-0955 -Le7.16 10854-900618-0956 -Le7.17 10855-900618-0958 -Le7.18 10856-900618-0959 -Le7.19 10857-900618-1000 -Le7.20 10858-900618-1003 -Le7.21 10859-900618-1004 -Le7.22 10860-900618-1009 -Le7.23 Any other {fat} they might eat; but the fat of these was sacred, because they were the only animals which were offered in sacrifice, though many others ranked among the {clean} animals as well as these. This prohibition may, however, be understood of these animals {when} offered in sacrifice, and {then only} in reference to the {inward} fat, described in verse 4. Of the fat in any other circumstances, it cannot be intended, as it was one of the especial blessings which God gave to his people.-- `Butter of kind, and milk of sheep, with {fat} of {lambs}, and {rams} of the breed of Bashan, and {goats}, were the provision which he graciously bestowed on his followers. (See DE 32.12-14) 10861-900618-1010 -Le7.24 10862-900618-1011 -Le7.25 10863-900618-1014 -Le7.26 The prohibition of the fat or suet, which was restricted to animals offered in sacrifice, taught reverence to the altar and ordinances of God; but that of blood, which was extended to all land animals, had especial respect to the atoning blood of the sacrifice, and of the great antitype which the sacrifice prefigured. 10864-900618-1015 -Le7.27 Shall be excommuicated or cut off from the people of God, and so deprived of any part of their inheritance or of their blessings. 10866-900618-1018 -Le7.29 10867-900618-1019 -Le7.30 10868-900618-1020 -Le7.31 10869-900618-1020 -Le7.32 10870-900618-1021 -Le7.33 10871-900618-1022 -Le7.34 10872-900618-1024 -Le7.35 10873-900618-1024 -Le7.36 10874-900618-1027 -Le7.37 10875-900618-1028 -Le7.38 10876-900618-1030 -Le8.1 14-17 Their sin offering 18-21 Their burnt offering 22-30 The ram of consecration 31-36 The place and time of their consecration 10877-900618-1032 -Le8.2 10878-900618-1033 -Le8.3 10879-900618-1034 -Le8.4 10880-900618-1035 -Le8.5 10881-900618-1036 -Le8.6 10882-900618-1040 -Le8.7 The {ephod} seems to have been a garment worn by persons of dis- tinction of various characters (2Sa 6.4); the description of which in the book of Exodus (ch 28.6, etc.) relates only to its materials. As to its shape, the LXX. calls it [], which signifies that it was worn on the shoulders. So also Josephus, who says it was a cubit long. St. Jerome compares it with the Roman {caracalla,} which was a sort of short cloak, only that it had a head or hood, which the ephod had not. 10883-900618-1105 -Le8.8 10884-900618-1106 -Le8.9 10885-900618-1106 -Le8.10 10886-900618-1107 -Le8.11 10887-900618-1108 -Le8.12 10888-900618-1115 -Le8.13 the {kethoneth} or coat, was made of linen; but the form of it is no where described in Scripture, except in the visionary appearace of Christ to St. John, in the form and habit of a priest (Re 1.13); where he is said to be [] `clothed with a garment down to the feet,' which perfectly agrees with the description the Jewish writers give of it; who also say, that it had sleeves which came down to the wrist, and was tied about the neck so that it was not unlike a long shirt. It was common to all the priests; but the tunic of the high priest was made of finer linen, or won in a more curious manner. (Ex 28.4) The {migabasth}, or bonnets, are described by Josephus as being like helmets of linen, one wreath being plaited and folded over anotherl and a thin cap, suited to its shape, put over all, to prevent its unfolding. 10889-900618-1117 -Le8.14 10890-900618-1121 -Le8.15 and took the blood,' etc. We find it expressly said in Exodus, that Moses slew the sacrifices. sacrifice. 10891-900618-1121 -Le8.16 10892-900618-1122 -Le8.17 10893-900618-1122 -Le8.18 10894-900618-1355 -Le8.19 10895-900618-1355 -Le8.20 10896-900618-1356 -Le8.21 10897-900618-1403 -Le8.22 offering} though presented on a particular occasion. Part of the blood was applied, not as that of the sin offering, to the horns of the altar, but to Aaron and his sons; to the tips of their right ears, the thumbs of their right hands, and the great toes their right feet: implying their obligation to hearken diligently to the word of God--to do his work in the best manner which they could, and to walk in his ways with steady perseverance; and also, that they could not do these things acceptably except through the atoning blood, received and applied by faith. Then part of the blood reserved upon the altar, probably in a basin for that purpose, was mingled with the holy anointing oil, and sprinkled on the garments of aaron and his sons, to hallow them to the Lord. `This may be looked upon as a lively representation of our purification by the blood of jesus Christ, through his Holy Spirit.' Bp. Patrick 10898-900618-1404 -Le8.23 10899-900618-1405 -Le8.24 10900-900618-1405 -Le8.25 10901-900618-1406 -Le8.26 10902-900618-1407 -Le8.27 10903-900618-1408 -Le8.28 10904-900618-1408 -Le8.29 10905-900618-1410 -Le8.30 10906-900618-1411 -Le8.31 10907-900618-1412 -Le8.32 10908-900618-1412 -Le8.33 10909-900618-1413 -Le8.34 10910-900618-1414 -Le8.35 10911-900618-1418 -Le8.36 This was necessary to be added to show the exact fulfilment of the commandments delivered to Moses, and which are recorded in Exodus, ch. 29; and consequently the complete consecration and preparation of Aaron and his sons to fill the awfully important office of priests and mediators between God and the children of Israel, to offer sacrifices, and make atonement for the sins of the people. 10912-900618-1431 -Le9.1 8-11 The sin offering 12-14 and the burn offering for himself 15-22 the offerings for the people 23 Moses and Aaron bless the people 24 Fire comes from the Lord, upon the altar not on the eighth day of the month, but on the eighth day after their consecration, which occupied seven days, and before which they were deemed unfit to minister in holy things, being considered in a state of imperfection. All creatures, for the most part, were considered as in a state of uncleanness and imperfection, {seven} days, and prfected on the {eighth} 10913-900618-1432 -Le9.2 10914-900618-1435 -Le9.3 As the offering here is a {kid}, which was the sacrifice of the sin of the {ruler}, some think that the reading of the Samariatan and the LXX. is to be preferred; `Speak unto the Elders of Israel.' 10915-900618-1437 -Le9.4 10916-900618-1438 -Le9.5 10917-900618-1439 -Le9.6 10918-900618-1440 -Le9.7 10919-900618-1440 -Le9.8 10920-900618-1441 -Le9.9 10921-900618-1443 -Le9.10 10922-900618-1443 -Le9.11 10923-900618-1444 -Le9.12 10924-900618-1445 -Le9.13 10925-900618-1445 -Le9.14 10926-900618-1446 -Le9.15 10927-900618-1447 -Le9.16 10928-900618-1449 -Le9.17 10929-900618-1449 -Le9.18 10930-900618-1450 -Le9.19 10931-900618-1450 -Le9.20 10932-900618-1453 -Le9.21 The Samaritan text, and thirty MSS. have, {kaasher tzivvah yehowah eth Moshe,` as Jehovah commanded Moses;' which is also the reading of the LXX., Arabic, and Targum of Onkelos, and seems to be the true reading, being supported, not only by these authorities, but by the whole chapter itself.' 10933-900618-1459 -Le9.22 reason why it is written {hand}, to signify the right hand, because that was lifted up higher than the left. The lifting up of the hand was a gesture used in speaking, and signifying any weighty thing phrase, `lifting up holy hands;' as also David: `Let the lifting up of my hands be as the evening sacrifice.' 10934-900618-1500 -Le9.23 10935-900618-1503 -Le9.24 these victims were consumed by a fire of no {human kindling}. Josephus says that `a fire proceeded from the victims themselves, of its own accord, which had the appearance of a flash of lightning, and consumed all that was upon the altar.' 10936-900618-1512 -Le10.1 6,7 Aaron and his sons are forbidden to mourn for them 8-11 The priests are forbidden wine when they are to go into the tabernacle 12-15 The law of eating the holy things 16-20 Aaron's excuse for transgressing thereof decline from his institutions; we have to do with a God, who is wise to prescribe his own worship--just to require what he has prescribed--and powerful to avenge what he has not prescribed.' 10937-900618-1518 -Le10.2 source with that which had consumed the sacrifices {suddenly}--they died {before the Lord}; that is, before the vail that covered the mercy-seat. They died {by fire}, as by fire they sinned. The fire did not burn them to ashes, as it had done the sacrifices, nor so much as singe their coats, (verse 5) but struck them dead in an instant. By these different effects of the same fire, we learn that it was no common fire, but {kindled by the breath of the Almighty}. 10938-900618-1528 -Le10.3 10939-900618-1529 -Le10.4 10940-900618-1530 -Le10.5 10941-900618-1531 -Le10.6 10942-900618-1533 -Le10.7 10943-900618-1534 -Le10.8 10944-900618-1540 -Le10.9 Greek [], from {shachar}, to inebriate, signifies any kind of fermented and inebriating liquor beside wine. So St. Jerome informs us, that {sciera} in Hebrew denotes any inebriating liquor, whether made of corn, the juice of apples, honey, dates, or any other fruit. These different kinds of liquors are described by Pliny, who calls then {vina factitia}. One of the four prohibited drinks among the Mohammedans in India is called {sakar}, which denotes inebriating liquor in general, but especially {date wine}. 10945-900618-1541 -Le10.10 10946-900618-1542 -Le10.11 10947-900618-1544 -Le10.12 10948-900618-1545 -Le10.13 10949-900618-1546 -Le10.14 10950-900618-1547 -Le10.15 10951-900618-1548 -Le10.16 10952-900618-1550 -Le10.17 10953-900618-1550 -Le10.18 10954-900618-1552 -Le10.19 10955-900618-1554 -Le10.20 10956-900618-1556 -Le11.1 4-8 and what may not be eaten 9-12 What fishes 13-23 What fowls 29-47 The creeping things which are unclean 10957-900618-1557 -Le11.2 10958-900618-1613 -Le11.3 ---------------------------------------------------------------- -- corded in this chapter and Deut. ch.14 the following may be found a useful abstract. 1. In regard to {quadrapeds}, all beasts that have their feet completely cloven, above as well as below, and at the same time chew the cud, are clean. Those which have neither, or indeed want one of these distinguishing marks, are unclean. This is a systematic division of quadrapeds so excellent, as never yet, after all the improvements in natural history, to have become obsolete, but, on the contrary, to be still considered as useful by the greatest masters of the science. 2. With regard to {fishes}, Moses has in like manner, made a very simple systematic distinction. All that have scales and fins are clean; all others unclean. 3. Of birds, he merely specifies certain sorts as forbidden, thereby permitting all others to be eaten 4. Insects, serpents, worms, etc. are prohibited; but with regard, however to those winged insects, which besides four walking legs, also have two longer springing legs. (Pedes saltatorii) Moses makes an exception, and under the denomination of locusts, declares them clean in all four stages of their existence. In Palestine, Arabia, and the adjoining countries, locusts are one of the most common articles of food, and people would be very ill of if they durst not eat them: For, when a swarm of them desolates the fields, they prove in some measure themselves an antidote to the famine which they occasion. They are not only eaten fresh, immediately on their appearance, but the people collect them, and know a method for preserving them for a long time for food, after they have dried them in an oven. --{Niebuhr's Description of Arabia} pp. 170-175. 10959-900618-1614 -Le11.4 10960-900618-1622 -Le11.5 Shapha, most probably an animal resembling the rabbit, called by Dr. Shaw, {daman} (probably for ganam) Israel, `Israel's lamb,' and by Bruce, {ashkoko}, which name he imagines is `derived from the singularity of these long herenacious hairs, which, like small thorns, grow about his back, and which an Amhara are called {ashok}.' This curious animal abounds in Judea, Palestine, Arabia, and Ethiopia; and is described as being about seventeen inches when sitting. It has no tail; and at first sight gives the idea of a rat. Its coulur is grey, mixed with reddish brown; the belly white, the body covered with strong polished hairs, for the most part about two inches in length; the ears round, and not pointed; the feet round, of a soft, pulpy, tender sustance; the toes projecting beyond the mails, which are rather broad than sharp, the upper jaw is longer than the other; it lives upon grain, fruit, and roots, and certainly chews the cud; and it does not burrow like the hare and rabbit, but lives in clefts of the rocks. 10961-900618-1622 -Le11.6 10962-900618-1623 -Le11.7 10963-900618-1625 -Le11.8 10964-900618-1625 -Le11.9 10965-900618-1626 -Le11.10 10966-900618-1626 -Le11.11 10967-900618-1627 -Le11.12 10968-900618-1637 -Le11.13 In Hebrew, {nesher}, Chaldee, {neshar}, Syriac, {neshro}, and Arabic, {nishr}, the {eagle}, one of the largest, strongest, swiftest, fiercest, and most rapacious of the feathered race. His eye is large, dark, and piercing; his beak powerful and hooked; his legs strong and feathered; his feet yellow and armed with four very long and terrific claws; his wings very large and powerful; his body compact and robust; his bone hard; his body compact and robust; his bones hard; his flesh firm; his feathers coarse; his attitude fierce and erect; his motions lively; his flight extremely rapid and towering; and his cry the terror of every wing. species of eagle anciently called {ossifraga} or {bone breaker} (from os, a bone, and frango, to break,) because it not only strips off the flesh, but {breaks} the bone, in order to extract the marrow. the {ospray}. Hebrew {dzniyah}, Arabic {azan}, (from azaz, to be strong,) a species of eagle, probably the the {black eagle,) so remarkable for its {strength}. 10969-900618-2107 -Le11.14 10970-900618-2109 -Le11.15 10971-900618-2111 -Le11.16 10972-900618-2113 -Le11.17 10973-900618-2114 -Le11.18 10974-900618-2114 -Le11.19 10975-900618-2116 -Le11.20 10976-900618-2117 -Le11.21 10977-900618-2118 -Le11.22 10979-900618-2119 -Le11.24 10980-900618-2121 -Le11.25 10982-900618-2122 -Le11.27 10983-900618-2123 -Le11.28 10984-900618-2124 -Le11.29 10986-900618-2124 -Le11.31 10987-900618-2125 -Le11.32 10988-900618-2127 -Le11.33 10989-900618-2127 -Le11.34 10990-900618-2128 -Le11.35 10991-900618-2129 -Le11.36 waters. 10992-900618-2130 -Le11.37 10994-900618-2131 -Le11.39 10995-900618-2133 -Le11.40 10996-900618-2134 -Le11.41 10997-900618-2135 -Le11.42 10998-900618-2136 -Le11.43 10999-900618-2137 -Le11.44 11000-900618-2138 -Le11.45 11001-900618-2147 -Le11.46 The distinction of clean and unclean animals existed even before the flood, though it probably then only related to sacrifices; but at this time we find there were very particular laws enacted respecting the diet of the people, and the ceremonial uncleanness contracted by touching the carcases of unclean animals. The reasons for the enactment of these laws seem to be: 1. As a test of obedience, and to teach the Israelites habits of self-denial, and the government of their appetites. 2. To keep them distinct from other nations, and consequently from their idolatrous usages, by throwing hindrances in the way of their social intercourse; for these distinctions were applicable both to persons and things. The Canaanites not only ate the animals prohibited by Moses, which we usually eat, but others also, among which dogs were one. Besides, many of those declared unclean were sacred among the heathen, and sacrificed to their gods. 3. Because those prohibited were innutritive and unwholesome; as the swine, the flesh of which being strong and difficult to digest, affords a very gross aliment, and produces, especially in hot climates, cutaneous, scrophulous, and scorbutic disorders, as the itch, leprosy, etc. 11002-900618-2148 -Le11.47 11003-900618-2149 -Le12.1 6-8 Her offerings for her purifying 11004-900618-2159 -Le12.2 11005-900618-2200 -Le12.3 11006-900618-2201 -Le12.4 11007-900618-2201 -Le12.5 11008-900618-2203 -Le12.6 11009-900618-2205 -Le12.7 11010-900618-2209 -Le12.8 sufficiency of a lamb sin offerings were first offered. 11011-900618-2214 -Le13.1 discernign the leprosy. 11012-900618-2223 -Le13.2 from [], a scale; so called, because in this disease the body is covered with {thin white scales}, so as to give it the appearance of snow. The leprosy [note: Leprosy is now more commonly called Hansen's disease] is a dreadful, contagious disorder, common in Egypt and Syria, and generally manifests itself at first in the manner described in the text. Its commencement is imperceptible; there appearing only a few reddish spots on the skin, which are not attended with pain or any other symptom, but cannot be removed. It increases imperceptibly, and continues for some years to be more and more manifest. The spots become larger, spread over the whole skin, and are sometimes rather raised, though generally flat. When it increases the upper part of the nose swells, the nostrils distend, the nose becomes soft, swellings appear on the under jaws, the eyebrows are elevated, the ears grow thick, the ends of the fingers, feet, and toes, swell, the nails grow scaly, the joints of the hands and feet separate, the palms of hands and soles of the feet are ulcerated, and in its last stage the patient becomes horrible, and falls to pieces. 11013-900618-2225 -Le13.3 11014-900618-2226 -Le13.4 11016-900618-2228 -Le13.6 11017-900618-2229 -Le13.7 11018-900618-2233 -Le13.8 11020-900618-2235 -Le13.10 11022-900618-2235 -Le13.12 11023-900618-2242 -Le13.13 It may seem strange that the partial leper should be pronounced unclean, and the person totally covered with the disease clean. This was probably owing to a different species or stage of the disease; the partial being contagious, the total not. That there are two different species, or degrees, of the disease described here, is sufficiently evident: in one, the person was all covered with {a white enamelled scurf}; in the other, there was a {quick raw flesh in the risings}. On this account, the one was deemed unclean, or contagious, the other not; for the contact with the {quick raw flesh} would be more likely to communicate the disease, than the touch of the {hard dry scurf}. The ichor proceeding from the former, when brought into contact with the flesh of another, would soon be taken into constitution by means of the absorbent vessels; but where the surface was perfectly dry; the absorbent vessels of another, coming in contact with the diseased man, could imbibe nothing, and there was consequently but little or no danger of infection. This is the learned Dr. Mead's view of the subject; who thus accounts for the circumstances mentioned in the text. 11024-900618-2243 -Le13.14 11026-900618-2244 -Le13.16 11028-900618-2245 -Le13.18 11030-900618-2246 -Le13.20 11031-900618-2246 -Le13.21 11032-900618-2247 -Le13.22 11033-900618-2248 -Le13.23 11034-900618-2250 -Le13.24 fire; which would leave a scar, in which the leprosy might appear, and which was to be distinguished by the rules here given. 11035-900618-2250 -Le13.25 11036-900618-2251 -Le13.26 11037-900618-2252 -Le13.27 11039-900618-2253 -Le13.29 11040-900618-2254 -Le13.30 11041-900618-2254 -Le13.31 11042-900618-2255 -Le13.32 11044-900618-2256 -Le13.34 11045-900618-2257 -Le13.35 11049-900618-2308 -Le13.39 The word {bohak}, from the Syriac {behak}, to be {white} or {shining}, here rendered `a freckled spot,' is used by the Arabs to denote a kind of {leprosy}, of which Niebuhr says, `Bohak is neither contagious nor dangerous. a black boy at Moch, who was affected with this eruption, had here and there upon his body {white spots}. We were told that the use of sulphur had relieved this boy for a time, but had not entirely remove the disease.' He adds subsequently from Forskal's papers, `The Arabs call a sore of {leprosy}, in which some little spots shew themselves here and there on the body, {behaq}; and it is without doubt the same as is named {bohak}, (le ch. 13). They believe it to be so far from contagious, that one may sleep with a person affected without danger.' `On the 15th day of May, 1765, I myself first saw the {Bohak} leprosy in a Jew at Mocha. The spots in this disease are of an unequal size. They do not shine; are not perceptibly higher than the skin; and do not change the colour of the hair. Their colour is an obscure white, inclining to red. The rest of the skin of the patient was darker that that of the people of the country in general; but the spots were not so white as the skin of an European, when not sun-burnt. The spots in this leprosy do not appear on the hands, or near the navel, but on the neck and face, yet not on that part where the hair grows thick. They gradually spread, and continue sometimes only about two months, but in some cases one or two years, and then disappear by degrees, of themselves. This disorder is neither contagious nor hereditary, nor does it occasion any inconvenience.' Hence a person infected with the bohak is declared clean. 11050-900618-2309 -Le13.40 11054-900618-2310 -Le13.44 11055-900618-2312 -Le13.45 11056-900618-2314 -Le13.46 11057-900618-2323 -Le13.47 This leprosy in garments appears so strange to us, that it has in- duced some, with B. Patrick, to consider it as an extrordinary punishment inflicted by God upon the Israelites, as a sign of his high displeasure; while others consider the leprosy in clothes (and also houses) as having no relation to the leprosy in man. When Michaelis was considering the sjubject, he was told by a dealer in wool, the the wool of sheep which die of a disease, if it has not been shorn from the animal while living, is unfit to manufacture cloth, and liable to something like what Moses here describes, and which he imagines to be the plague of leprosy in garments. The whole account, however, as Dr. A. Clarke observes, seems to intimate that the garment was {fretted} by the contagion of the real leprosy; which it is probable was occasioned by a species of {animacula, or vermin} burrowing in the skin, which we know to be the cause of the {itch}; these, by breeding in the garments, must necessarily multiply their kind, and fret the garments, i.e. corrode a portion of the finer parts, after the manner of {moths}, for their nourishment. The infection of garments has frequently been known to cause the worst species of scarlet fever, and even the plague; and those infected with {psora}, or itch animal, had communicated the dieseas even in six or seven years after the infection. 11058-900618-2324 -Le13.48 11059-900618-2325 -Le13.49 11061-900618-2325 -Le13.51 11062-900618-2326 -Le13.52 11065-900618-2328 -Le13.55 head thereof, or in the forehead thereof. 11067-900618-2328 -Le13.57 11068-900618-2332 -Le13.58 God, and came not fron natural causes, as other diseases; and therefore must be managed according to a divine law. Miriam's leprosy, and Gehazi's and King Uzziah's were all the punishments of particular sins; and if generally it was so, no marvel there was so much care taken to distinguish it from a common distemper, that none might be looked upon as lying under this exraordinary token of Divine displeasure, but those that really were so. 11070-900619-0749 -Le14.1 33-47 The signs of leprosy in a house 48-57 The cleansing of that house 11071-900619-0750 -Le14.2 11072-900619-0755 -Le14.3 Lepers were obliged to live in a detached situation, separate from other people, and to keep themselves actually at a distance from them. They were distinguished by a peculiar; and if any person approached, they were bound to give him warning, by crying out Unclean! unclean! 11073-900619-0806 -Le14.4 The word {tzippor} from the arabic {zaphara} to fly, is used in the scriptures to denote {birds of every species}, particularly small birds. But it is often used in a more restricted sense, as the Hebrew writers assert, to signify the {sparrow}. Aquinas says the same; and Jerome renders it here the {sparrow}. So the Greek [], in Matthew and Luke, which signifies a {sparrow}, is rendered by the Syriac translator {tzipparin}, the same as the Hebrew {tzipporim}. Nor is it peculiar to the Hebrews to give the same name to the sparrow and to fowls of the largest size; for Nicander calls the hen [], {the domestic sparrow}, and both Plattus and Ausonius call the {ostrich, passer marinus}, `the marine sparrow.' It is evident, however, that the word in this passage signifies birds in general; for if the sparrow was a {clean} bird, there was no necessity for commanding a clean one to be taken, since every one of the species was ceremonially clean; but if it was {unclean}, then it could not be called clean. 11074-900619-0807 -Le14.5 11075-900619-0808 -Le14.6 11076-900619-0811 -Le14.7 11077-900619-0813 -Le14.8 11078-900619-0822 -Le14.9 Lictenstein states that `among the Koossas, (a nation of South Africa,) there are certain prevailing notions respecting moral [ceremonial] uncleanness. All children are unclean till they are admitted among grown-up persons (which happens with the males through the various ceremonies attending circumcision); all lying-in women are unclean for the first month; all men who have lost their wives, for a fortnight, and all widows for a month; a mother who has lost a child, for two days; all persons who have been present at a death, the men returning from a battle, etc. No one may have intercourse with such an unclean person, till he has washed himself, rubbed his body with fresh paint, and rinsed his mouth with milk. But he must not do this till after the lapse of a certain time, fixed by general consent for each particular case, and during this time he must wholly refrain from washing, painting, or drinking milk.' 11079-900619-0825 -Le14.10 11080-900619-0826 -Le14.11 11081-900619-0827 -Le14.12 11082-900619-0828 -Le14.13 11083-900619-0829 -Le14.14 11084-900619-0830 -Le14.15 11085-900619-0830 -Le14.16 11086-900619-0831 -Le14.17 11087-900619-0832 -Le14.18 11088-900619-0833 -Le14.19 11089-900619-0833 -Le14.20 11090-900619-0835 -Le14.21 11091-900619-0847 -Le14.22 Tor, the turtle or ring-dove, so called by an onomatopeeia from its {cooing}, as in Greek [], Latin, {turtur} and English, {turtle}. It is a species of the dove or pigeon, here called {yonah}, and in the Syriac {yauno}, from the verb to oppress, afflict, because of its being particularly defenceless, and exposed to rapine and vilence. The dove is a genus of birds too well known to need a particular description; and of which there are several species besides the turtle-dove; as the wood pigeon, tame pigeon, and others. The dove is universally allowed to be one of the most beautiful objects in nature. the brilliancy of her plummage, the splendour of her eye, the innocence of her look, the excellence of her dispositions, and the purity of her manners, have been the theme of admiration and praise in every age. To the snowy whiteness of her wings, and the rich golden hues that adorn her neck, the inspired Psalmist alludes in most elegant strains. (ps 68.13). The voice of the dove is particularly tender and plaintive, and bears a striking resemblence to the groan of a person in distress; to which the inspired bards frequently allude. allusions to which fact also occur in the Sacred Writings. rich and beautiful. She is the chosen emblem of simplicity, gentleness, chastity, and feminine timidity, and for this reason, as well as from their abounding in the East, they were probably chosen as offerings by Jehovah. 11092-900619-0847 -Le14.23 11093-900619-0848 -Le14.24 11094-900619-0848 -Le14.25 11098-900619-0849 -Le14.29 11099-900619-0850 -Le14.30 11101-900619-0851 -Le14.32 11103-900619-0854 -Le14.34 It was probably from this text, that the leprosy has been in general considered to be a supernatural disease, inflicted immediately by God himslef; but it cannot be inferred from this expression, as it is well known, that in Scripture, God is frequently represented as {doing} what, in the course of his providence, he only {permits} to be done. 11104-900619-0855 -Le14.35 11105-900619-0856 -Le14.36 11106-900619-0857 -Le14.37 11107-900619-0857 -Le14.38 11108-900619-0912 -Le14.39 and the propriety of the Mosaic ordinance on the subject of the house leprosy. 1. Moses ordained that the owner of a house, when any suspicious spots appeared on the walls, should be bound to give notice of it, in order that the house might be inspected; and that person, as in the case of the human leprosy, was to be the priest, whose duty it was. Now this would serve to check the mischief at its very origin, and make every one attentive to observe it. 2. On notice being given, the priest was to inspect the house, but the occupant had liberty to remove everything previously out of it; and that this might be done, the priest was empowered to order it {ex officio}; for whatever was found within a house declared unclean, became unclean along with it. 3. If, on the first inspection, the complaint did not appear wholly without foundation, but suspicious spots or dimples were actually to be seen, the house was to be shut up for seven days and then to be inspected anew. If, in this interval, the evil {did not} spread, it was considered as have been a circumstance merely accidental, and the house was not polluted; but if it {had} spread, it was not considered a harmless accident, but the real house leprosy; and the stones affected with it were to be broken out of the wall, and carried to an unclean place without the city, and the walls of the whole house here scraped and plastered anew. 4. If, after this, the leprosy broke out afresh, the {whole} house was to be pulled down, and the materials carried without the city. Moses therefore, never suffered a leprous house to stand. 5. If, on the other hand, the house being inspected a second time, was found clean, it was solemly so declared, and offering made on the occasion; in order that every one might know for certain that it was not infected, and the public be freed from all fears on that score. By this law many evils were actually prevented--it would check the michief in its very origin, and make evry one attentive to observe it: the people would also guard against those impurities when it arose, and thus the healthy be preserved and not suffer in an infected house. These Mosaic statues were intended to prevent infection by the sacred obligations of religion. Ceremonial laws many keep more conscientiously and sacredly than moral precepts. 11109-900619-0919 -Le14.40 11110-900619-0920 -Le14.41 11111-900619-0921 -Le14.42 11112-900619-0922 -Le14.43 11113-900619-0922 -Le14.44 11114-900619-0924 -Le14.45 11115-900619-0924 -Le14.46 11116-900619-0925 -Le14.47 11117-900619-0926 -Le14.48 11118-900619-0927 -Le14.49 11122-900619-0927 -Le14.53 11123-900619-0928 -Le14.54 11124-900619-0929 -Le14.55 11125-900619-0930 -Le14.56 11126-900619-0931 -Le14.57 unclean, and in the day of the clean. 11127-900619-0933 -Le15.1 13-18 The cleansing of them 19-27 The uncleanness of women in their issues 28-33 Their cleansing 11128-900619-0939 -Le15.2 It is not necessary to consider particularly the laws contained in this chapter, the letter of the text being in general sufficiently plain. It may, however, be observed, that from the pains which persons rendered unclean were obliged to take, the ablutions and separations which they must observe, and the privations to which they must in consequence be exposed, in the way of commerce, traffic, etc., these laws were admirably adapted to prevent contagion of every kind, by keeping the whole from the diseased, and to hinder licentious indulgences and excesses of every description. 11129-900619-0940 -Le15.3 11130-900619-0941 -Le15.4 11131-900619-0944 -Le15.5 11132-900619-0944 -Le15.6 11134-900619-0945 -Le15.8 11135-900619-0947 -Le15.9 The word {merchav} from {rachav} to ride, here rendered by our translators {saddle}, and frequently {chariot}. Mr. Harmer thinks rather means a litter, or coune, of which we have already given a description in Ge 31.34. 11136-900619-0948 -Le15.10 11137-900619-0952 -Le15.11 It is rather doubtful whether the words {hath not rinsed his hands in water} refer to him who was diseased, or to him who had his hands touched. Most understand it of the former, that if the person who had the issue rinsed his hands in water, just before he touched any one, he did not communicate any pollution; otherwise, he did. But the Syriac refers it to the person touched by him, though it seems strange that he should be cleansed by washing his hands, when perhaps some other part was touched. 11138-900619-0953 -Le15.12 11139-900619-0954 -Le15.13 11140-900619-0955 -Le15.14 11141-900619-0956 -Le15.15 11142-900619-0957 -Le15.16 11143-900619-1005 -Le15.17 The poorer class of Arabs of our times make use of matresses in their tents; and other inhabitants of these countries, who affect ancient simplicity of manners, make use of goat-skins. Dr. R. Chandler, in his Travels in Greece, tells us, that he saw some dervishes at Athens sitting on goat-skins; and that he was after- wards conducted into a room furnished in like manner, with the same kind of carpeting, where he was treated with a pipe and coffee by the chief dervish. Those that are at all acquainted with Oriental manners, in these later times, know that their dervishes (who are a sort of Mohammedan devotees, as a good deal resembling the begging friars of the church or Rome) affect great simplicity, and even sometimes austerity, in their dress and way of living. As these dervishes that Dr. Chandler visited sat on goat-skins, and used no other kind of carpet for the accommodation of those who visited them: so it should seem that the Israelites in the wilderness made use of skins for matresses to lie upon, and consequently, we may equally suppose to sit upon in the day time, instead of a carpet. 11144-900619-1006 -Le15.18 11145-900619-1008 -Le15.19 11146-900619-1009 -Le15.20 11147-900619-1011 -Le15.21 11150-900619-1010 -Le15.24 11151-900619-1013 -Le15.25 11153-900619-1014 -Le15.27 11154-900619-1015 -Le15.28 11155-900619-1015 -Le15.29 11157-900619-1024 -Le15.31 Israelites with reverence for the santuary; and, on the one hand, to shew them what need they had of circumspection, and purity of heart and life, in order to worship the holy God with acceptance; and, on the other hand, that being sinners in a world full of temptations and defilements, they would continually need forgiveness, through the great atonement typified by all the sacrifices, and the santification of the Spirit, showed forth by all the purifications. While they were encamped in the desert, it would not be very burdensome to bring the prescribed oblations; but after they were settled in Canaan, many of them at a great distance from the tabernacle, this would become much more difficult. We may, however, observe, continues Mr. Scott, that many of the cases stated only required such washings as might any where be performed, and that those, respecting which sacrifices were appointed, would more rarely occur. We may also suppose, that provided these were brought, when the person who had been unclean first came to the sanctuary, it would suffice: though distance or other hindrances prevented its being done immediately, at the expiration of the seven days. 11158-900619-1025 -Le15.32 11159-900619-1026 -Le15.33 11160-900619-1033 -Le16.1 11-14 The sin offering for himself 15-19 The sin offering for the people 20-28 The scape goat 29-34 The yearly feast of the expiations 11161-900619-1036 -Le16.2 11162-900619-1037 -Le16.3 11163-900619-1043 -Le16.4 Greek. a sanctified linen coat This and the other vestures were peculiar for this day, and for the services of this dayl that is, for making atonement: the other service, which was ordinary, he performed this day in his other priestly garments. The eight ornaments usually worn by the high priest are enumerated in Exodus 28.4, etc., and the four that were for this day are here expressed, and are called the {white garments} while the others were designated the {golden garments} because some were made with gold thread woven in them. These four were made of six double twisted threads, and of flax only. 11164-900619-1044 -Le16.5 11165-900619-1045 -Le16.6 11166-900619-1045 -Le16.7 11167-900619-1054 -Le16.8 The hebrew [] has been supposed by some to be the name of a place, either a mountain or cliff, to which the goat was led. but no place of that name has ever been pointed out, except a mountain near Sinai, which was too distant for the goat to be conducted there from Jerusalem. Other learned men think it was the name of the devil, who was worshipped by the heathen in the form of a goat. But Bp. Patrick justly objects to this opinionl for it is difficult to conceive, that when the other goat was offered to God, this should be sent among demons. The more probable opinion seems to be, that it was name given to the goat itself, on account of his being let go; from {aiz}, and goat, and {azal}, to depart. So LXX. [], and vulgate {emissarius} sent away; Aquila and Symmachus [], or []. {the goat going away, or dismissed}. 11168-900619-1055 -Le16.9 11169-900619-1056 -Le16.10 11170-900619-1056 -Le16.11 11171-900619-1058 -Le16.12 11172-900619-1059 -Le16.13 11173-900619-1059 -Le16.14 11174-900619-1100 -Le16.15 11175-900619-1101 -Le16.16 11176-900619-1104 -Le16.17 11177-900619-1105 -Le16.18 11178-900619-1105 -Le16.19 11179-900619-1106 -Le16.20 11180-900619-1110 -Le16.21 The man that took the scape-goat into the wilderness, and that burned the sin offering, were to be looked upon as ceremonially unclean, and must not come into the camp till they had washed their clothes and bathed their flesh in water, which signified the defiling nature of sin; even the sacrifice which was made sin, was defiling: also the imperfection of the legal sacrifices, they were so far from taking away sin, that they left some stain even upon those that touched them. 11181-900619-1112 -Le16.22 11182-900619-1112 -Le16.23 11183-900619-1114 -Le16.24 11184-900619-1115 -Le16.25 11185-900619-1116 -Le16.26 11186-900619-1117 -Le16.27 11187-900619-1117 -Le16.28 11188-900619-1119 -Le16.29 11189-900619-1120 -Le16.30 11190-900619-1121 -Le16.31 11191-900619-1122 -Le16.32 11192-900619-1124 -Le16.33 11193-900619-1125 -Le16.34 11194-900619-1157 -Le17.1 at the door of the tabernacle 7-9 They must not offer to devils 10-14 All eating of blood is forbidden 15,16 and of all that dies by itself, or is torn 11196-900619-1158 -Le17.3 11197-900619-1200 -Le17.4 11198-900619-1201 -Le17.5 11199-900619-1202 -Le17.6 11200-900619-1212 -Le17.7 is used not only for he-goats, but also for some fabulous beings or sylvan gods, to whom was ascribed the form of goats. Maimonides says that the Zabian idolaters worshipped demons under the form of goats; and that this custom being spread among other nations, gave occasion to this precept. He-goats, however, are probably intended here, which were objects of divine honour among the Egyptians under the the name of honour among the Egyptians under the name of Mendes. Herodotus says that all goats were worshipped in Egypt; but particularly he-goats. From these seem to have sprung {Pan, Silenus} and the innumerable herd of those imaginery beings, {fauns, satyrs, dryads}, all woodland gods, and held in veneration by the Greeks and Romans. to that of committing idolatry, yet it is to be taken sometimes in a literal sense. Baalpeor and Ashtaroth were worshipped with obscene rite; and public prostitution formed a great part of the worhip among the Egyptians, Moabites, Canaanites, Greeks, and Romans. 11201-900619-1214 -Le17.8 11202-900619-1214 -Le17.9 11203-900619-1217 -Le17.10 11204-900619-1225 -Le17.11 This sentence, which contains a most important truth, had existed in the Mosaic writings for more than 3000 years, before the attention of any philosopher was drawn to the subject. That the blood actually possesses a {living principle}, and that the life of the whole body is derived from it, is a doctrine of revelation, and a doctrine which the experiments of the most accurate anatomists have served strongly to confirm. The proper {circulation} of this important fluid through the whole human system was first taught by Solomon in figurative language 1628; though some Italian philosophers had the same notion a little before. This accurate anatomist was the first who fully revived the Mosaic notion of the {vitality} of the blood; which was afterwards adopted by the justly celebrated Dr. John Hunter, professor of anatomy, and established by him, by a great variety of strong reasoning and accurate experiments. 11205-900619-1225 -Le17.12 11206-900619-1226 -Le17.13 11207-900619-1227 -Le17.14 11208-900619-1229 -Le17.15 11209-900619-1229 -Le17.16 11210-900619-1230 -Le18.1 11211-900619-1231 -Le18.2 11212-900619-1232 -Le18.3 11213-900619-1234 -Le18.4 11214-900619-1235 -Le18.5 11215-900619-1243 -Le18.6 Not withstanding the prohibitions here, it must be evident, that in the infancy of the world, persons very near of kin, and even brothers and sisters, must have joined in matrimonial alliances; and therefore we cannot pronounce them {immoral} in themselves. But, in these first instances, necessity required it; but when this necessity no longer existed, the thing became inexpedient and improper: for 1. As human nature now is, it is very expedient that those who are so much together in youth, should, by such a restriction be taught to look upon all such intercourse as prohibited and incestuous; for unless such restrictions are made, it would be impossible to prevent the prevlance of very early corruption among young persons. (See Michaelis on the laws of Moses, Art. 108.) 2. That the duties owing by nature to relitives might not be confounded with those of a social or political kind; for could a man be a brother and a husband, or a son and a husband at the same time, and fulfil the duties of both? Impossible. 3. That by intermarrying with other families, relationship and its endearments might be diffused. These prohibitions are, therefore to be considered so eminently moral obligations as to be observed by all mankind 11216-900619-1244 -Le18.7 11217-900619-1443 -Le18.8 11218-900619-1445 -Le18.9 11221-900619-1451 -Le18.12 11223-900619-1452 -Le18.14 11224-900619-1452 -Le18.15 11225-900619-1454 -Le18.16 11226-900619-1455 -Le18.17 11227-900619-1456 -Le18.18 11228-900619-1456 -Le18.19 11229-900619-1457 -Le18.20 11230-900619-1504 -Le18.21 Molech signifies a king, or governor, of similar import with Baal, lord, or governor; and it is genrally supposed that the sun was worshipped under this name; and more particularly as the fire appears to have been so much employed in his worship. It seems clear that children were not only consecrated to him by passing through the fire, which appears to be alluded to here, but that they were actually made a burnt offering to him. That the several abominations afterwards mentioned were actually practised by many heathen nations is abundantly attested by their own writers. 11231-900619-1504 -Le18.22 11232-900619-1505 -Le18.23 11233-900619-1507 -Le18.24 11234-900619-1509 -Le18.25 11235-900619-1510 -Le18.26 11236-900619-1511 -Le18.27 11237-900619-1512 -Le18.28 11238-900619-1513 -Le18.29 11239-900619-1514 -Le18.30 11240-900619-1516 -Le19.1 11241-900619-1517 -Le19.2 11242-900619-1520 -Le19.3 11243-900619-1521 -Le19.4 11244-900619-1527 -Le19.5 {corban}. Some were free-will offerings, others were of obligation. The first fruits, the tenths, the sin offerings, were of obligation; the peace-offerings, vows, offerings of oil, wine, bread, and other things which were made to the temple, or to the ministers of the Lord, were offerings of devotion; these constituted the greater part. They indeed were a shadow of good things to come, which we enjoy in full fruition through THE ONE great SACRIFICE, even Jesus Christ. `Aaron must lay his robes away, His mitre and his vest, When God himself comes down to be the offering and the priest.' 11245-900619-1527 -Le19.6 11246-900619-1528 -Le19.7 11248-900619-1532 -Le19.9 In what code of laws merely human, is a requisition to be found so counteracting to selfishness, so encouraging to liberality, and so beneficently considering to the poor and needy? But the Mosaic dispensation, like the Christian, breathed with love to God, and benevolence to man. To the honour of the public and charitable spirit of the English, this merciful law is, in general, as much attended to as if it had been incorporated with the gospel. 11249-900619-1533 -Le19.10 11250-900619-1535 -Le19.11 11251-900619-1537 -Le19.12 11252-900619-1538 -Le19.13 11253-900619-1540 -Le19.14 11254-900619-1543 -Le19.15 11255-900619-1545 -Le19.16 11256-900619-1547 -Le19.17 11257-900619-1549 -Le19.18 11258-900619-1557 -Le19.19 These practices might have been considered as altering the original constitution of God in creation; and this is the view which the Jews, and also Josephus and Philo, take of the subject. There were, probably, also both moral and political reasons for these prohibitions. With respect to heterogenous mixtures among {cattle}, it was probably forbidden, to prevent excitements to the abominations condemned in the preceeding chapter. As to {seeds}, in many cases, it would be highly improper to sow different kinds in the same plot of ground. If {oats} and {wheat}, for instance, were sown together, the latter would be {injured}, and the former {ruined}. This prohibition may therefore be regarded as a prudential agricultural maxim. As to different kinds of {garments}, the prohibition might be intended against pride and vanity in clothing. 11259-900619-1602 -Le19.20 for man. 11260-900619-1603 -Le19.21 11261-900619-1603 -Le19.22 11262-900619-1604 -Le19.23 11263-900619-1606 -Le19.24 Lord 11264-900619-1607 -Le19.25 11265-900619-1608 -Le19.26 11266-900619-1609 -Le19.27 11267-900619-1610 -Le19.28 11268-900619-1611 -Le19.29 11269-900619-1612 -Le19.30 11270-900619-1614 -Le19.31 11271-900619-1615 -Le19.32 11272-900619-1616 -Le19.33 11273-900619-1617 -Le19.34 11274-900619-1618 -Le19.35 11275-900619-1619 -Le19.36 11276-900619-1620 -Le19.37 11277-900619-1625 -Le20.1 4,5 Of him that favours such an one 6 Of going to wizards 7,8 Of sanctification 9 Of him that curses his parents 11,12 Of incest 13,14 Of sodomy 15-17 Of bestiality 18-21 Of uncleanness 22-26 Obedience is required with holiness 27 Wizards must be put to death 11278-900619-1636 -Le20.2 throne of the same metal, in the form of a man, with the head of a calf, adorned with a royal crown, and his arms extended as if to embrace any one. When they offered any children to him, they heated the statue by a great fire kindled within, and the victim was put into his arms, and thus consumed. Others relate, that the idol, which was hollow, was divided into seven compartments within; in one of which they put flour, in the second turtles, in the third a ewe, in the fourth a ram, in the fifth a calf, in the sixth an ox, and the seventh a child, where all burnt together by heating the statue inside. The account which Diodorus gives of the statue of Saturn, to which the Carthaginians, descendants of the Canaanites, sacrificed their children, is very similar. For they had a brazen stature of Saturn, stretching out his hands towards the ground, in such a manner that the children placed within them tumbled down into a pit full of fire. To this account, Milton alludes in PARADISE LOST, B.1.392. 11279-900619-1749 -Le20.3 11280-900619-1750 -Le20.4 11281-900619-1751 -Le20.5 11282-900619-1756 -Le20.6 communis} of the human race, which then made severe punishment necessary: by means of the Christian dispensation such errors are now exploded, the cultivation of philosophy and natural history having harmonised and contributed their feebler share of light, so that we no longer have to deplore mischiefs occasioned by the silly curiosity attempting to unfold future events. 11283-900619-1756 -Le20.7 11284-900619-1758 -Le20.8 11285-900619-1803 -Le20.9 The term {yekallel} signifies not only to curse, but to speak contemptuously, disrespectfully, or to make light of a person: so that all speeches which have a tendency to lessen our parents in the eyes of others, or to render their judgment, piety, etc., suspected or contemptible, is her included; though the act of cursing, or of treating the parent with injuious or opprobrious language, is what is particularly intended. He who conscientiously keeps the {fifth} commandment, can be in no danger of the judgment here denounced. 11286-900619-1804 -Le20.10 11287-900619-1805 -Le20.11 11288-900619-1805 -Le20.12 11289-900619-1806 -Le20.13 11290-900619-1808 -Le20.14 11291-900619-1808 -Le20.15 11292-900619-1812 -Le20.16 abominations here referred to existed among the Egyptians, and even formed part of their superstitious religious system, and we have reason to believe that they were not uncommon among the Canaanites. (See le 18.24,25). Need we wonder then, that God should have made laws of this nature, and appointed the punishment of death for these crimes? This one observation will account for many of those strange prohibitions which we find in the Mosaic law. 11293-900619-1813 -Le20.17 11294-900619-1814 -Le20.18 11295-900619-1815 -Le20.19 11296-900619-1816 -Le20.20 11297-900619-1817 -Le20.21 11298-900619-1819 -Le20.22 11299-900619-1820 -Le20.23 11300-900619-1824 -Le20.24 Milk and honey were the chief dainties of the ancients as they are now among the Arabs, particularly the Bedouins. Hence not only the Hebrews, but also the Greeks and Romans, painted the highest pleasantness and fertility by an abundance of milk and honey. The image used in the text, and frequently by ancient authors on similar subjects, is a metaphor, derived from a {breast}, producing copious streams of milk. 11301-900619-1826 -Le20.25 11302-900619-1827 -Le20.26 11303-900619-1828 -Le20.27 11304-900619-2020 -Le21.1 6 Of their holiness 7 Of their marriages 8 Of their estimation 9 Of the high high priest's holiness 10-12 Of his marriage 13-15 The priests that have blemishes must not minister in the sanctuary 11305-900619-2021 -Le21.2 11307-900619-2022 -Le21.4 shall not defile himself for his wife, etc. 11308-900619-2028 -Le21.5 This custom is also called {rounding the corners of the head} The Hebrew {peakth zakon}, may denote the whiskers; as the Syriac {phatho} signifies. These are by the Arabs, according to Niebuhr, still cut entirely off, or worn quite short; and hence they are called by Jeremiah, [], those with cropped whiskers. Perhaps some superstition, of which we are ignorant, was connected with this; but whether or not, it was the object of Moses to keep the Israelites distinct from other nations. 11309-900619-2029 -Le21.6 11310-900619-2032 -Le21.7 11311-900619-2034 -Le21.8 11312-900619-2036 -Le21.9 11313-900619-2042 -Le21.10 was unclean for seven days, and was obliged on the third and seventh day to purify himself according to the Mosaic instructions. In the case of the priest it went still farther; insomuch, that even mourning for the dead by any external sign, such as tearing their clothes, defiled them. Hence such mournings were absolutely forbidden to be used in {any case}, and by the other priests also, except in the case of their very nearest relations, for whom they were allowed to mourn. This statue is founded on the importance of sustaining the decency and purity of Divine worship. The servants of the Deity were to keep themselves at a distance from every thing that in the least degree savoured of uncleanness. 11314-900619-2044 -Le21.11 11315-900619-2045 -Le21.12 11316-900619-2046 -Le21.13 11318-900619-2048 -Le21.15 11320-900619-2050 -Le21.17 11321-900619-2051 -Le21.18 11323-900619-2052 -Le21.20 11324-900619-2054 -Le21.21 In the above list of blemishes, we meet with some that might render the priest {contemptible} in the eyes of men; and others that would be very great {impediments} in the discharge of his ministerial duties. 11325-900619-2055 -Le21.22 11326-900619-2056 -Le21.23 11327-900619-2057 -Le21.24 11328-900619-2105 -Le22.1 things 6-9 How they shall be cleansed 10-16 Who of the priest's house may eat of the holy things 17-25 The sacrifices mus be without blemish 26-28 The age of the sacrifice 29-33 The law of eating the sacrifice of thanksgiving 11329-900619-2109 -Le22.2 This is the very ground of the prohibition, that they might preserve in their minds a holy reverence for the Divine Majesty. Hence when they approached unto him, they must be free from every legal impurity. If great men are to be approached with respect, how much more must Jehovah be approached with holy reverence.! 11330-900619-2112 -Le22.3 he is unclean.' That is, according to some, thrust out of the priest's office, or from officiating at the altar; or according to others, cut off by some immediate stroke of divine justice, like Nadab and Abihu 11331-900619-2115 -Le22.4 These words include the daughters as well as the sons of Aaron. 11332-900619-2116 -Le22.5 11333-900619-2117 -Le22.6 11334-900619-2117 -Le22.7 11335-900619-2118 -Le22.8 11336-900619-2119 -Le22.9 That is, be punished if he break it 11337-900619-2121 -Le22.10 a {foreigner}, which is expressed by {hechar}, but one who is not of the seed of Aaron, or does not belong to his family. 11338-900619-2122 -Le22.11 11339-900619-2122 -Le22.12 11340-900619-2124 -Le22.13 A window in Bengal not unfrequently returns to her father's house on the death of her husband: the union between her and her own family is never so dissolved as among European nations. 11341-900619-2125 -Le22.14 11342-900619-2126 -Le22.15 11343-900619-2127 -Le22.16 selves with the iniquity of trespass in their eating 11345-900619-2129 -Le22.18 11346-900619-2131 -Le22.19 11347-900619-2131 -Le22.20 11348-900619-2134 -Le22.21 has been in force among all nations that sacrificed victims to their deities. 11349-900619-2134 -Le22.22 11350-900619-2135 -Le22.23 11351-900619-2136 -Le22.24 11352-900619-2137 -Le22.25 11354-900619-2141 -Le22.27 It was necessary for the mother's health that the young one should suck so long; and prior to this time, the process of nutrition in a young animal can scarcely be considered as completely formed. Besides this, it may justly be asserted, that the flesh of very young animals is comparatively innutritive. There is something brutish in eating the young of beast or fowl, before the hair and hoofs are perfect in the one, and feathers and claws in the other; and before this period, their flesh is not good for food, consequently they were not fit for sacrifice, which is termed the {bread} or {food} of God. 11355-900619-2143 -Le22.28 ye shall not kill it. This law was certainly intended to inculcate mercy and tenderness of heart; and so the Jews have understood it. 11356-900619-2144 -Le22.29 11357-900619-2144 -Le22.30 11358-900619-2145 -Le22.31 11359-900619-2146 -Le22.32 11360-900619-2147 -Le22.33 11361-900619-2149 -Le23.1 3 The sabbath 4-8 The passover 9-14 The sheaf of first-fruits 15-21 The feast of Pentecost 22 Gleanings to be left for the poor 23-25 The feast of trumpets 26-32 The day of atonement 33-44 The feast of tabernacles 11362-900619-2205 -Le23.2 God appointed several festivals among the Jews. The {Passover} was celebrated on the 14th, or rather 15th day of the first month in the ecclesiastical year, which was the seventh of the civil year, which was the seventh of the civil year, and lasted seven days. The {Pentecost} was celebrated on the fiftieth day after the passover, in memory of the law's being given to Moses on Mount Sinair, fifty days, of seven weeks after the departure out of Egypt. The word is derived from the Greek word [], which signifies the fiftieth. The Hebrews call it the feast of weeks, The feast of {trumpets}, celebrated on the first day of the civil year, when a trumpet was sounded, to proclain its commencement, which was in the month {Tisri}, answering to our September a consequence of the feast of trumpets. God ordained that, by giving him the first-fruits of every month they should acknowledge him as the Lord of all their time, and own his providence, by which all times and seasons are ordered. The feast of {expiation} or atonement was kept on the 10th day of Tisri or September: the Hebrews call it Kippur, i.e. pardon or expiation, because it was instituted for the expiation of their sins. The feast of tents or tabernacles was so called, because the Israelites kept it under green tents or arbours, in memory of their dwelling in their passage through the wilderness. It was celebrated on the 15th day of Tisri, and continue eight days: the first and last days are the most solemn. Besides the feasts mentioned by Moses, we find the feast of lots, or Purim, which was celebrated among the Jews of Shushan on the 14th of Adar, which answers to our February. The feast of the dedication of the temple, or rather, of the restoration of the temple, which had been profaned by Antiochus Epiphanes, which is thought to be the feast mentioned in the gospel (Jno 10.22), was celebrated in the winter. Moadim, properly means assemblies, covened at an appointed time and place. 11363-900619-2206 -Le23.3 11364-900619-2207 -Le23.4 11365-900619-2208 -Le23.5 11366-900619-2209 -Le23.6 11367-900619-2209 -Le23.7 11370-900619-2213 -Le23.10 This offering was a public acknowledgement of the bounty and goodness of God for the kindly fruits of the earth. From the] practice of the people of God, the heathen borrowed a similar one, founded on the same reason. 11371-900619-2213 -Le23.11 11372-900619-2216 -Le23.12 11373-900619-2217 -Le23.13 11374-900619-2218 -Le23.14 11375-900619-2219 -Le23.15 11376-900619-2219 -Le23.16 11377-900619-2221 -Le23.17 11378-900619-2222 -Le23.18 11379-900619-2223 -Le23.19 11380-900619-2224 -Le23.20 11381-900619-2225 -Le23.21 11382-900619-2231 -Le23.22 repetition of that law, by which they were required to leave the gleanings of their fields, and the corn that grew on the ends of the butts, for the poor. It may come in here as a thing which the priests must take occasion to remind the poeple of, when they brought their first-fruits, intimating to them, that to obey even in this small matter was better than sacrifice; and that unless they were obedient, their offerings should not be accepted. It also taught them that the joy of harvest should express itself in charity to the poor, who must have their due out of what we have, as well as God his. They that are truly sensible of the mercy they receive from God, will without grudging shew mercy to the poor. 11384-900619-2242 -Le23.24 Zichron terooah, here rendered `a memorial of blowing the trumpets' properly signifies a memorial of triumpt or shouting for joy. This festival is generally called the feast of trumpets; and though the Scriptures have not expressly declared the reason of its celebration, yet, as it fell in the seventh month of the sacred year, which was the first of the civil year, that is, the month Tisri, answering to our September, the opinion very generally embraced by both Jews and Christians is, that it was a memorial of the creation of the world, at which `the sons of God shouted for joy,' (job 38.7); and which is supposed, not altogether without reason, to have been at this season of the year. The month Tisri was not only anciently, but still is, reckoned by the Jews the first month of the year; and the feast of tabernacles, kept in this month; was said to be, as it is correctly rendered in the margin, `at the revolution of the year,' (ex 34.22) importing, that at this season the year had revolved, and was beginning anew. So that this feast was the new year's day, on which the people rejoiced in a grateful remembrance of God's benefits, and implored his blessing for the future year. 11387-900619-2244 -Le23.27 11388-900619-2245 -Le23.28 11389-900619-2248 -Le23.29 11390-900619-2248 -Le23.30 11392-900619-2250 -Le23.32 11394-900619-2255 -Le23.34 This feast was celebrated in commemoration of the Israelites' dwelling in tents in the wilderness fo forty years; and was kept with greater hilarity that any of the other festivals. Hence, in the Talmud, it is often called chag, the feast, by way of excellence; and by Philo, [], the greatest of the feasts; it was therefore more noticed by the heathen than any other. It is probable that Cecrops borrowed from it the law which he made in Athens, `that the master of every family should after harvest make a feast for his servants, and eat together with them who had taken pains with him in tilling his grounds.' 11395-900619-2256 -Le23.35 11396-900619-2257 -Le23.36 11397-900619-2257 -Le23.37 11398-900619-2259 -Le23.38 11399-900619-2300 -Le23.39 11400-900619-2301 -Le23.40 11401-900619-2301 -Le23.41 11402-900619-2302 -Le23.42 11403-900619-2304 -Le23.43 11404-900619-2305 -Le23.44 11405-900619-2307 -Le24.1 5-9 The shew-bread 10-12 Shelometh's son blasphemeth 13-16 The law of blasphemy 17 Of murder 18-22 Of damage 23 The blasphemer is stoned 11406-900619-2310 -Le24.2 11408-900619-2311 -Le24.4 11409-900619-2318 -Le24.5 sabbath day upon the golden table in the Sanctum, before the Lord, were twelve in number, representing the twelve tribes of Israel. The loaves must have been large, since two tenth deals (about six pints) of flour were used for each, the stale ones, which had been exposed the whole week, were taken away, and none but the priests were allowed to eat them. In an extraordinary extremity, David and his men partook of the shew-bread the urgent necessity alone justifying the act. The Hebrew signifies bread of faces, or, of the face. 11410-900619-2319 -Le24.6 11411-900620-0753 -Le24.7 11412-900620-0754 -Le24.8 11413-900620-0756 -Le24.9 11414-900620-0756 -Le24.10 11415-900620-0803 -Le24.11 Houbigant and others think that {the name} which this man blas- phemed was the name of the god of his native land. But that {hashshem} THE NAME, denotes Jehovah, appears from its being used in the latter part of verse 16, as equivalent to `the name of Jehovah,' in the former part. The Jews also frequently use {hashshem} for Jehovah. 11416-900620-0805 -Le24.12 unto them according to the mouth of the Lord 11418-900620-0806 -Le24.14 11419-900620-0807 -Le24.15 11420-900620-0814 -Le24.16 As the word {nakav} not only signifies to curse, or blaspheme, but also to express, or distinguish by name, prohibiting them from uttering the name jehovah, on any other than sacred occasions. The Septuagint, which was made at least 250 years before Christ, renders it [], `Whosoever nameth the name of the Lord, let him die;' from which we see that the Jews at this time were accustomed to pronounce {adonay}, or Lord, instead of Jehovah; for in place of it the Septuagint always put []. 11421-900620-0816 -Le24.17 11422-900620-0817 -Le24.18 11423-900620-0817 -Le24.19 11424-900620-0818 -Le24.20 11425-900620-0819 -Le24.21 11426-900620-0819 -Le24.22 11427-900620-0821 -Le24.23 11428-900620-0824 -Le25.1 8-13 The jubilee in the fiftieth year 14-17 Of opression 18-22 A blessing of obedience 23-28 The redemption of land 29-34 Of houses 35-38 Compassion to the poor 39-46 The usage of bondmen 47-55 The redemption of servants 11429-900620-0826 -Le25.2 11431-900620-0828 -Le25.4 11432-900620-0829 -Le25.5 11433-900620-0830 -Le25.6 11435-900620-0830 -Le25.8 11436-900620-0832 -Le25.9 11437-900620-0835 -Le25.10 11438-900620-0838 -Le25.11 Respecting the literal meaning of the word [], yobel, or yovel, critics are not agreed. The most natural derivation of the word seems to be from [], hovil, the Hiphil form of [], yaval, to recall, restore, or bring back, because this year restored all slaves to their liberty, and brought back all alienated estates to their primitive owners. Accordingly the LXX. render it here [], a remission; and Josephus says it signifies [], liberty. 11439-900620-0839 -Le25.12 11440-900620-0839 -Le25.13 11441-900620-0843 -Le25.14 11442-900620-0843 -Le25.15 11444-900620-0845 -Le25.17 11445-900620-0847 -Le25.18 11446-900620-0848 -Le25.19 11447-900620-0849 -Le25.20 11448-900620-0855 -Le25.21 As it is here graciously promised, that the sixth year was to bring forth fruits for three years, not merely for two, it is evident that both the sabbatical year and the year of Jubilee were distinctly provided for. They were not to sow from the sixth to the eighth year, omitting two seed times; nor reap from the sixth to the ninth, omitting two harvests. No legislator, unless conscious of being devinely commissioned, would have committed himself by enacting such a law as this; nor would any people have submitted to receive it, except in consequence of the fullest conviction that a divine authority had dictated it. It therefore stands as a proof that Moses acted by the express direction of the Almighty, and that the people were fully persuaded of the reality of his divine mission by the miracles he wrought. 11449-900620-0856 -Le25.22 11450-900620-0858 -Le25.23 11451-900620-0858 -Le25.24 11452-900620-0900 -Le25.25 11453-900620-0901 -Le25.26 and found sufficiency 11454-900620-0901 -Le25.27 11455-900620-0908 -Le25.28 11456-900620-0907 -Le25.29 houses in the country. The former might be redeemed any time in the course of a year; but after that time could not be redeemed, or go out with the Jubilee: the latter might be redeemed at any time; and if not redeemed must go out at the jubilee. The reason in both cases is sufficiently evident; the house in the city might be built merely for the purposes of trade or traffic--the house in the country was builded on, or attached to, the inheritance which God had divided to the respective families. It was therefore necessary that the same law should apply to the house as to the inheritance; which necessity did not exist with regard to the house in the city. And, as the house in the city might be purchased for the purpose of trade, it would be very inconvenient for the purchaser, when his business was established, to be obliged to remove. 11458-900620-0909 -Le25.31 11459-900620-0911 -Le25.32 dwell in; and consequently the houses in these cities were all they could call their own, therefore they could not be ultimately alienated. 11460-900620-0913 -Le25.33 11461-900620-0913 -Le25.34 11462-900620-0916 -Le25.35 11463-900620-0917 -Le25.36 11465-900620-0918 -Le25.38 11466-900620-0919 -Le25.39 service of, etc. 11467-900620-0920 -Le25.40 11468-900620-0921 -Le25.41 11469-900620-0922 -Le25.42 11470-900620-0923 -Le25.43 11471-900620-0924 -Le25.44 11472-900620-0924 -Le25.45 11473-900620-0925 -Le25.46 selves with them. 11474-900620-0927 -Le25.47 obtain, etc. 11475-900620-0928 -Le25.48 11476-900620-0928 -Le25.49 11477-900620-0933 -Le25.50 This was a very equitable law, both to the sojourner to whom the man was sold, and to the Israelite who had been sold. The Israelite might redeem himself, or one of his kindred might redeem him; but this must not be done to the prejudice of his master. They were therefore to reckon the years he must have served, from that time till the jubilee; and then taking the current wages of a servant, per year, at that time, multiply the remaining years by that sum, and the aggregate was to be given to his master for his redemption. The Jews hold that the kindred of such a person were bound, if in their power, to redeem him, lest he should be swallowed up among the heathen; and we find (ne 5.8) that this was done by the Jews on their return from the Babylonish captivity. 11479-900620-0938 -Le25.52 The jubilee was a wonderful institution, and of great service to the religion, freedom, and independence of the Hebrews. It was calculated to prevent the rich from opressing the poor, and reducing them to perpetual slavery; and to hinder their obtaining possession of all the lands by purchase, mortgage, or usurption. It was further intended, that debts should not be multiplied too much, lest the poor should be entirely ruined; that slaves should not always continue in servitude; that personal liberty, equality of property, and the regular order of families might, as much as possible, be preserved; and that the people might thus be strongly attached to their country, lands, and inheritances. 11480-900620-0939 -Le25.53 11481-900620-0940 -Le25.54 11482-900620-0941 -Le25.55 11483-900620-1108 -Le26.1 2 Religousness 3-13 A blessing to them that keep the commandments 14-39 A curse to them that break them 40-46 God promises to remember them that repent 11484-900620-1108 -Le26.2 11485-900620-1110 -Le26.3 11486-900620-1112 -Le26.4 11487-900620-1115 -Le26.5 11488-900620-1118 -Le26.6 11490-900620-1119 -Le26.8 11491-900620-1124 -Le26.9 11492-900620-1125 -Le26.10 11493-900620-1126 -Le26.11 11494-900620-1129 -Le26.12 11495-900620-1130 -Le26.13 11496-900620-1131 -Le26.14 11497-900620-1133 -Le26.15 11498-900620-1136 -Le26.16 11499-900620-1138 -Le26.17 11500-900620-1139 -Le26.18 11501-900620-1140 -Le26.19 11502-900620-1141 -Le26.20 11503-900620-1142 -Le26.21 11504-900620-1144 -Le26.22 11505-900620-1144 -Le26.23 11506-900620-1145 -Le26.24 11507-900620-1148 -Le26.25 11508-900620-1149 -Le26.26 11509-900620-1150 -Le26.27 11510-900620-1150 -Le26.28 11511-900620-1153 -Le26.29 gives a dreadful detail respecting a woman named Mary, who, in the extremity of the famine, during the seige, killed her sucking child, roasted, and had eaten part of it, when discovered by the soldiers. 11512-900620-1156 -Le26.30 11513-900620-1158 -Le26.31 11514-900620-1201 -Le26.32 11515-900620-1202 -Le26.33 11516-900620-1204 -Le26.34 Saul to the captivity are about 490 years, during which period there were 70 sabbaths of years neglected by the Hebrews. Now the Babylonish captivity lasted 70 years, and during that time the land of Israel rested. 11517-900620-1204 -Le26.35 11518-900620-1206 -Le26.36 11519-900620-1208 -Le26.37 11520-900620-1209 -Le26.38 11521-900620-1212 -Le26.39 11522-900620-1214 -Le26.40 11523-900620-1220 -Le26.41 11524-900620-1221 -Le26.42 11525-900620-1224 -Le26.43 11526-900620-1226 -Le26.44 11527-900620-1228 -Le26.45 11528-900620-1232 -Le26.46 whole book, Dr. A. Clarke thinks that the 27th chapter originally followed the 25th. Others suppose that the 27th chapter was added after the book was finished; and, therefore, there is apparently a double conclusion, one at the end of this, and another at the end of the 27th chapter. All the ancient versions agree in concluding both chapters in nearly the same way. 11529-900620-1355 -Le27.1 3-8 The estimation of the person 9-13 of a beast given by vow 14,15 of a house 16-27 of a field, and the redemption thereof 28,29 No devoted thing may be redeemed 30-34 The tithe may not be changed 11530-900620-1402 -Le27.2 A vow is a religious promise made to God, for the most part with prayer, and paid with thanksgiving. Vows were either of abstinence (Nu 6.30), or the devoting of something to the Lord, as sacrifices (le 7.16), or the value of persons, beasts, houses, or lands, concerning which the law is her given. A man might vow or devote himself, his children, his domestics, his cattle, his goods, etc. and respecting the redemption of all these, rules are laid down in this chapter. But if, after consecrating these things, he refused to redeem them, they then became the Lord's property forever. The persons continued all their lives devoted to the sanctuary, the goods were sold for the profit of the temple, or the priests; and the animals, if clean, were offered in sacrifice; and if not proper for sacrifice, were sold, and the proceeds devoted to sacred uses. This is a general view of the different laws relative to vows, mentioned in this chapter. 11531-900620-1404 -Le27.3 11532-900620-1405 -Le27.4 the value of a man; for this obvious reason, that a woman, if employed, would not be of so much use in the sanctuary as the man. 11533-900620-1407 -Le27.5 11534-900620-1408 -Le27.6 The male five shekels, 15s., the female three shekels, 9s Being both in infancy they were nearly of an equal value. 11535-900620-1409 -Le27.7 The old man and old woman, being almost past labour, were nearly of an equal value; the former being estimated at 15 shekels, and the latter at 10. 11536-900620-1410 -Le27.8 11537-900620-1414 -Le27.9 11538-900620-1412 -Le27.10 11539-900620-1412 -Le27.11 11540-900620-1415 -Le27.12 estimation, O priest. 11541-900620-1416 -Le27.13 11542-900620-1417 -Le27.14 11543-900620-1417 -Le27.15 11544-900620-1422 -Le27.16 Though the words `some part' are not expressed, yet it is generally allowed that they should be supplied here; as it was not lawful for a man to alienate in this manner his whole patrimony: he might express his good will for the house of God but he must not impoverish his own family. required a homer of barley to sow it. The homer was very different to the omer; the latter held about three quarts, the former seventy-five gallons three pints. 11546-900620-1423 -Le27.18 11547-900620-1423 -Le27.19 11549-900620-1425 -Le27.21 capable of being redeemed. 11550-900620-1426 -Le27.22 11551-900620-1426 -Le27.23 11552-900620-1427 -Le27.24 11553-900620-1428 -Le27.25 sanctuary, to try and regulate all the weights in the land by. 11554-900620-1431 -Le27.26 As these firstlings were the Lord's before, it would have been a solemn mockery to pretend to make them a matter of a singular vow; for they were already appointed, if clean, to be sacrificed. 11555-900620-1433 -Le27.27 and covetous redemptions. The priest alone was to value the thing; and to whatever his valuation was, a fifth part must be added by him who wished to redeem it. 11556-900620-1436 -Le27.28 to God. 11557-900620-1438 -Le27.29 to the service of God shall not be redeemed, but die in that devoted state, or, that such as were devoted to death by appointment and law of God, as the Canaanites were, shall be put to death. 11558-900620-1440 -Le27.30 11559-900620-1441 -Le27.31 11560-900620-1444 -Le27.32 tithe of his sheep of calves, he shut them in one fold, in which was a narrow door, to let out but one at a time. He then stood by the door, with a rod dipped in vermilion in his hand, and as they passed he he counted them with the rod; and when the {tenth} came he touched it, by which it was distinguished as the tithe calf, sheep, etc. 11561-900620-1445 -Le27.33 11562-900620-1446 -Le27.34 11563-911011-2114 -Nu1.1 Thus terminates the book of Numbers; a book containing a series of the most astonishing providences and events. Every where and in every circumstance God appears; and yet there is no circumstance or occasion which does not justify those signal displays of his grace and mercy; and in every relation we perceive the consistency of the divine intentions, and the propriety of those laws which he established. 01 God commands Moses to number the people 05 The princes of the tribes 17 The number of every tribe 47 The Levites are exempted for the service of the Lord day of the month, in the second year of their departure from Egypt, and this happened on the first day of the second month, in the same year, it is evident that the transactions related in the preceding book must all have taken place in the space of one month, and during the time the Israelites were encamped at Mount Sinai. 11564-900606-0909 -Nu1.2 illustrate the Divine faithfulness in thus increasing the seed of Abraham; to prepare them to preserve due order in their march; and to distinguish the tribes and families. 11565-900606-0914 -Nu1.3 11566-900606-0915 -Nu1.4 11567-900606-0916 -Nu1.5 11568-900606-0916 -Nu1.6 11569-900606-0917 -Nu1.7 11570-900606-0918 -Nu1.8 11571-900606-0918 -Nu1.9 11572-900606-0918 -Nu1.10 11573-900606-0919 -Nu1.11 11574-900606-0919 -Nu1.12 11575-900606-0919 -Nu1.13 11576-900606-0922 -Nu1.14 easily mistaken for each other; and hence this person being called both Deuel and Reuel, may be easily accounted for. The Septuagint and Syriac have Reuel, in this chapter; and in ch. 2.14, the Samaritan, Vulgate, and Arabic have Deuel, instead of Reuel, with which reading a vast number of MSS. concur, and which is also supported by ch. 7.42 10.20. We may therefore safely conclude, the Deuel, and not Reuel, was the original reading. 11577-900606-0922 -Nu1.15 11578-900606-0924 -Nu1.16 congregation,' those who were summoned by name to attend. 11579-900606-0924 -Nu1.17 11580-900606-0926 -Nu1.18 children, nor minors, nor strangers, nor Levites, nor old men; which, collectively, must have formed an immense multitude; the Levites alone amounted to 22,300 men. 11581-900606-0926 -Nu1.19 11582-900606-0926 -Nu1.20 11583-900606-0933 -Nu1.21 the tribes, we will here produce them, compared with that of the second census, (ch 26) in their decreasing proportion, beginning with the greatest and proceeding to the least. 1st Census 2nd Census 1. Judah 74,600 76,500 2. Dan 62,700 64,400 3. Simeon 59,300 22,200 4. Zebulum 57,400 60,500 5. Issachar 54,400 64,300 6. Naphtali 53,400 45,400 7. Reuben 46,500 43,730 8. Gad 45,650 40,500 9. Asher 41,500 53,400 10.Ephraim 40,500 32,500 11.Benjamin 35,400 45,600 12.Manasseh 32,200 52,700 Totals: 603,550 601,730 least so; the difference between them being as great as 42,000. Jacob had given Judah the pre-eminence in his prophetic blessing; and that tribe was to have the precedency in the encampments of Israel; accordingly God had increased them more than any of their brethren. Ephraim and Manasseh, according to the same prophecy, were numbered as distinct tribes, Ephraim having the superiority, as it was foretold; and Joseph indeed appears 'a fruitful bough.' 11584-900606-0934 -Nu1.22 11585-900606-0934 -Nu1.23 11586-900606-0936 -Nu1.24 standard of Reuben; and it seems on that account, to have been introduced in this order. The other tribes also, are here classed together according to their encampments, and the order of their subsequent march. 11587-900606-0936 -Nu1.25 11588-900606-0937 -Nu1.26 11589-900606-0937 -Nu1.27 11590-900606-0938 -Nu1.28 11591-900606-0938 -Nu1.29 11592-900606-0938 -Nu1.30 11593-900606-0939 -Nu1.31 11594-900606-0940 -Nu1.32 11595-900606-0940 -Nu1.33 11596-900606-0940 -Nu1.34 11597-900606-0941 -Nu1.35 11598-900606-0941 -Nu1.36 11599-900606-0941 -Nu1.37 11600-900606-0942 -Nu1.38 11601-900606-0943 -Nu1.39 11602-900606-0943 -Nu1.40 11603-900606-0943 -Nu1.41 11604-900606-0944 -Nu1.42 11605-900606-0944 -Nu1.43 11606-900606-0945 -Nu1.44 11607-900606-0945 -Nu1.45 11608-900606-0947 -Nu1.46 down into Dgypt about 215 years before, where they had latterly endured the greates hardships! Such was the effect of God's promise, which cannot fail. 11609-900606-0947 -Nu1.47 11610-900606-0948 -Nu1.48 11611-900606-0948 -Nu1.49 11612-900606-0949 -Nu1.50 11613-900606-0950 -Nu1.51 11614-900606-0950 -Nu1.52 11615-900606-0951 -Nu1.53 11616-900606-0951 -Nu1.54 11617-900606-0952 -Nu2.1 The order of the tribes in their tents. 11618-900606-0957 -Nu2.2 divisions, with the tabernacle in the centre; though at some distance from it. The form of the camp was quadrangular, containing, according to Scheuchzer, a little more than twelve square miles. Under each of the four divisions, three tribes were placed, under one general standard. Between these four great camps and the tabernacle, were pitched four smaller camps of the priests and Levites, who were in immediate attendance upon it; the camp of Moses, and of Aaron and his sons, being on the east side of the tabernacle, where the entrance was. Judah was placed on the east, and under him he had Issachar and Zebulum; on the south was Reuben, and under him Simeon and Gad; on the west was Ephrim, and under him Manasseh and Benjamin; and Dan was on the north, and under him Asher and Naphtali. Every tribe had its particular standard, probably with the name of the tribe embroidered with large letters. It seems highly improbable that the figures of animals should have been painted on them, as the Jewish writers assert; for even in after ages, when Vitellius wished to march through Judea, their great men besought him to march another way, as the law of the land did not permit images (such as were on the Roman standard) to be brought into it. About the 11619-900606-0958 -Nu2.3 11620-900606-0958 -Nu2.4 11621-900606-0959 -Nu2.5 11622-900606-0959 -Nu2.6 11623-900606-0959 -Nu2.7 11624-900606-1000 -Nu2.8 11625-900606-1000 -Nu2.9 11626-900606-1000 -Nu2.10 11627-900606-1001 -Nu2.11 11628-900606-1001 -Nu2.12 11629-900606-1001 -Nu2.13 11630-900606-1002 -Nu2.14 11631-900606-1002 -Nu2.15 11632-900606-1003 -Nu2.16 11633-900606-1003 -Nu2.17 11634-900606-1004 -Nu2.18 11635-900606-1004 -Nu2.19 11636-900606-1004 -Nu2.20 11637-900606-1005 -Nu2.21 11638-900606-1005 -Nu2.22 11639-900606-1006 -Nu2.23 11640-900606-1006 -Nu2.24 11641-900606-1006 -Nu2.25 11642-900606-1007 -Nu2.26 11643-900606-1007 -Nu2.27 11644-900606-1008 -Nu2.28 11645-900606-1008 -Nu2.29 11646-900606-1009 -Nu2.30 11647-900606-1009 -Nu2.31 11648-900606-1010 -Nu2.32 11649-900606-1010 -Nu2.33 11650-900606-1011 -Nu2.34 11651-900616-1539 -Nu3.1 01 The sons of Aaron 05 The Levites are given to the priests instead of the first-born 14 Are numbered by their families 21 The families, number, and charge of the Gershonites 27 Of the Kohathites 33 Of the Merarites 38 The place and charge of Moses and Aaron 40 The first-born are freed by the Levites 44 The overplus are redeemed 11652-900616-1539 -Nu3.2 11653-900616-1540 -Nu3.3 11654-900616-1540 -Nu3.4 11655-900616-1541 -Nu3.5 11656-900616-1542 -Nu3.6 sacrificial word, and signifies the presenting of a sacrifice or offering to the Lord. As an offering, the tribe of Levi was entirely given up to the service of the sanctuary, to be no longer their own, but the Lord's 11657-900616-1544 -Nu3.7 11658-900616-1544 -Nu3.8 11659-900616-1545 -Nu3.9 11660-900616-1546 -Nu3.10 11661-900616-1546 -Nu3.11 11662-900616-1547 -Nu3.12 Egyptians, he spared those of the Israelites; and, in commemoration of that event, he was pleased to appoint that all the first-born males 'should be set apart unto himself.' God is here pleased to relinquish this claim, and to appoint the whole tribe of Levi to attend his immediate service in their stead. 11663-900616-1549 -Nu3.13 11664-900616-1549 -Nu3.14 11665-900616-1550 -Nu3.15 11666-900616-1550 -Nu3.16 11667-900616-1551 -Nu3.17 11668-900616-1552 -Nu3.18 11669-900616-1552 -Nu3.19 11670-900616-1553 -Nu3.20 11671-900616-1553 -Nu3.21 11672-900616-1555 -Nu3.22 numbered from twenty years old and upwards; but, had the Levites been numbered in this way, they would not have been nearly equal in number to the first-born of the twelve tribes. Add to this, that as there must have been first-born of all ages in the other tribes, it was necessary that the Levites, who were to be their substitutes, should also be of all ages; and it appears to have been partly on this ground, that the Levites were numbered from a month old and upwards. 11673-900616-1555 -Nu3.23 11674-900616-1556 -Nu3.24 11675-900616-1600 -Nu3.25 severe labour which the Levites were to perform, while the journeyings of the Israelites lasted. When we consider, that there was not less than 14 tons 266 lbs. of metal employed in the tabernacle, besides the immense weight of the skins, hangings, cords, boards, and posts, we shall find it was no easy matter to transport this moveable temple from place to place. The Gershonites, who were 7500 in number had to carry the tent, coverings, vail, hangings of the court, cords, etc.; the Kohathites, who were 8600, the ark, table, candlestick, altars, and instruments of the sanctuary; and the Merarites, who were 6200, the boards, bars, sockets, and all matters connected with these belonging to the tabernacle, with the pillars of the court, their sockets, pins, and cords. 11676-900616-1601 -Nu3.26 11677-900616-1601 -Nu3.27 11678-900616-1602 -Nu3.28 11679-900616-1602 -Nu3.29 11680-900616-1602 -Nu3.30 11681-900616-1604 -Nu3.31 11682-900616-1604 -Nu3.32 11683-900616-1605 -Nu3.33 11684-900616-1605 -Nu3.34 11685-900616-1606 -Nu3.35 11686-900616-1607 -Nu3.36 the boards 11687-900616-1607 -Nu3.37 11688-900616-1608 -Nu3.38 11689-900616-1613 -Nu3.39 of its letters, probably designed as a mark of spuriousness. The word is wanting in the Samaritan, Syriac, and Coptic, and also in eight of Dr. Kennicott's and in four of De Rossi's MSS. Moses alone, as Houbigant observes, was commanded to number the Levites, for as the money with which the first-born were redeemed was to be paid to Aaron and his sons, it was decent that he, whose advantage it was that the number of the first-born should exceed, should not be authorized to take that number himself. Twenty and two thousand, this total does not agree with the particulars; for the Gershonites were 7500, the Kohathites 8600, and the Merarites 6200, which make a total of 22,300. Several methods of solving this difficulty have been proposed by learned men. Houbigant supposes there is an error in the enumeration of the Kohathites in ver. 28; the numberal shesh, 'six,' being written instead of shalosh, 'three', before 'hundred.' Dr. Kennicott's mode of reconciling the discrepancy, however, is the most simple. He supposes that an error has crept into the number of the Gershonites in ver. 22, where instead of 7500 we should read 7200, as caph final, which stands for 500, might have been easily mistaken for resh, 200. (Dr. Kennicott on the Hebret Text, vol. 11, p.212.) Either of these modes will equally reconcile the difference. 11690-900616-1614 -Nu3.40 11691-900616-1614 -Nu3.41 11692-900616-1614 -Nu3.42 11693-900616-1620 -Nu3.43 11694-900616-1620 -Nu3.44 11695-900616-1620 -Nu3.45 11696-900616-1627 -Nu3.46 the first-born males of the Israelites were 22,273, there were therefore 372 more of the latter than of the former, which are here ordered to be redeemed. The price of redemption is fixed at five shekels, or about 15s. each, in ver 47. This money, amounting to 1365 shekels, equal to F204. 15s. English, was taken of the first-born. There is some difficulty, however, in determining which of the first-born should be redeemed by paying this sum, and which should be exchanged for the Levites; for every Israelite, no doubt, would rather have his first-born redeemed by a Levite, than pay five shekels; and yet some of them must have incurred this expense. Rabbi Solomon Jarchi says, to prevent contention, Moses took 22,000 slips of parchment, and wrote on each a son of Levi, and 273 more, on which he wrote five shekels; then putting them in an urn, and shaking them together, he ordered every one of the first-born to draw out a slip. If he drew out one with the first inscription, he said to him, a Levite hath redeemeed thee; but if he drew out one of the latter, he said, pay the price. This is pronounced by Dr. A. Clarke to be a stupid, silly tale; but when we know that the determination by lot was used among the Israelites, it does not seem improbable that it was now resorted to, though we cannot vouch for the accuracy of the detail. This species of redeeming men is referred to by St. Peter in his 1st Epistle, 1.18,19. 11697-900616-1628 -Nu3.47 11698-900616-1628 -Nu3.48 11699-900616-1628 -Nu3.49 11700-900616-1629 -Nu3.50 11701-900616-1629 -Nu3.51 11702-900616-1631 -Nu4.1 01 The age at which the Levites were to begin to serve, and the duration of the service 04 The duty of the Kohathites 16 The charge of Eleazar 17 The office of the priests 21 The duty of the Gershonites 29 Of the Merarites 34 The number of the Kohathites 38 Of the Gershonites 42 And of the Merarites 11703-900616-1631 -Nu4.2 11704-900616-1632 -Nu4.3 11705-900616-1633 -Nu4.4 11706-900616-1636 -Nu4.5 high priest on one day in the year, to enter into the most holy place, must have admitted an exception while the Israelites were in the wilderness; that exception, therefore, is here expressly made; and the directions given respecting it must be religiously observed, or the service could not be safely performed. While the cloud rested on the tabernacle, the general rule was in force; but when it was removed, then the priests might enter to prepare the sacred vessels for removal. 11707-900616-1638 -Nu4.6 made for the tabernacle, which was carried by the Gershonites, but one made for the purpose of concealing and sheltering the ark when it was to be carried. a cloth. staves thereof;' i.e. dispose them rightly under the covering, that they might be laid on their shoulders; for the staves were never taken out of the rings. the staves 11708-900616-1639 -Nu4.7 Israelites, without doubt, were able to procure corn enough from the adjacent countries, even when in the wilderness, to make the shewbread, and to present the daily meat offerings. 11709-900616-1640 -Nu4.8 11710-900616-1640 -Nu4.9 11711-900616-1640 -Nu4.10 11712-900616-1641 -Nu4.11 11713-900616-1641 -Nu4.12 11714-900616-1642 -Nu4.13 grate, which was carried apart from the brazen altar; both being covered from view by purple cloths. 11715-900616-1643 -Nu4.14 11716-900616-1643 -Nu4.15 11717-900616-1647 -Nu4.16 was required to carry the oil for the light, the incense, and the flour for the daily meat offering, and the holy ointment; besides superintending the Levites. It may be supposed, that he himself carried no more of the oil than for present use 11718-900616-1647 -Nu4.17 11719-900616-1649 -Nu4.18 the Kohathites, if they failed to give them proper cautions and directions; or permitted them to gaze with irreverence or curiosity upon the holy things, which they might carry, but not see. 11720-900616-1649 -Nu4.19 11721-900616-1651 -Nu4.20 the ark, as the Jews generally understand it; and with good reason, as any one may be convinced, who compared 1Ki 8.8 with 2Ch 5.9, where that which is called the holy in the former, is called the ark in the latter. 11722-900616-1651 -Nu4.21 11723-900616-1651 -Nu4.22 11724-900616-1652 -Nu4.23 11725-900616-1653 -Nu4.24 11726-900616-1653 -Nu4.25 11727-900616-1654 -Nu4.26 11728-900616-1655 -Nu4.27 the priests. Eleazar exercised this authority in general, as next in succession to Aaron; and he in particular was placed over the Kohathites; while Ithamar, his younger brother, commanded the Gershonites and Merarites. 11729-900616-1655 -Nu4.28 11730-900616-1656 -Nu4.29 11731-900616-1656 -Nu4.30 11732-900616-1657 -Nu4.31 11733-900616-1658 -Nu4.32 to the very pins belonging to each part, that nothing might be wanting when the tabernacle was set up. the instruments 11734-900616-1658 -Nu4.33 11735-900616-1659 -Nu4.34 11736-900616-1659 -Nu4.35 11737-900616-1701 -Nu4.36 the Levites; and here of those only who were able to serve the Lord in the sanctuary. We find that the whole number of the Levites amounted to 22,300; of whom 8580 were fit for service and 13,720 unfit, being either too old or too young. What an astonishing number of men, all performing some service by which God was glorified, and the congregation at large benefited! 11738-900616-1701 -Nu4.37 11739-900616-1702 -Nu4.38 11740-900616-1702 -Nu4.39 11741-900616-1702 -Nu4.40 11742-900616-1703 -Nu4.41 11743-900616-1703 -Nu4.42 11744-900616-1703 -Nu4.43 11745-900616-1708 -Nu4.44 families of Levi, yet had a greater number of able men than any of them; for out of 6200 males of a month old and upwards, we find 3200 who were neither too young nor too old for the service of the sancutary; which was more than one-half of their whole number. In this the wisdom and providence of God appear most conspicuously; for the Merarites were charged with the heaviest part of the sanctuary, as the boards, bars, sockets, etc; and though waggons were afterwards provided for them, yet the loading and unloading of the sockets, and other things of great weight, would require much strength, both bodily and numberical. Thus God ever manifests his wisdom, in fitting men for the work to which they are appointed, whether with respect to number or gifts; "for to one is given, by the Spirit, the word of wisdom; to another the word of knowledge, by the same Spirit; to another faith, by the same Spirit; to another the gifts of healing, by the same Spirit; to another the working of miracles; to another prophecy; to another discerning of spirits; to another divers kinds of tongues; to another the interpretation of tongues; but all these worketh that one and the self-same Spirit, dividing to every man severally as he will. 11746-900616-1709 -Nu4.45 11747-900616-1709 -Nu4.46 11748-900616-1710 -Nu4.47 11749-900616-1710 -Nu4.48 11750-900616-1711 -Nu4.49 11751-900616-1711 -Nu5.1 01 The unclean are removed out of camp 05 Restitution is to be made in trespass 11 The trial of jealously 11752-900616-1715 -Nu5.2 the sanctuary of God in the centre, orders were given that the lepers and unclean persons should be excluded from the camp, according to the laws given at different times on these subjects. This expulsion was founded, 1. On a purely physical reason; for the diseases were contagious, and therefore there was a necessity of putting those afflicted with them apart, that the infection might not be communicated. 2. There was also a spiritual reason; the camp was the habitation of God; and therefore, in honour of Him who had thus condescended to dwell with them, nothing impure should be permitted to remain. 3. Further, there was a typical reason; for the camp was the emblem of the church, where nothing that is defiled should enter, and in which nothing that is unholy should be tolereated. 11753-900616-1716 -Nu5.3 11754-900616-1717 -Nu5.4 11755-900616-1717 -Nu5.5 11756-900616-1719 -Nu5.6 actual criminality of the person, but to his consciousness of guilt respecting it; for this case must be distinguished from that of a person detected in dishonesty, which he attempted to conceal. 11757-900616-1720 -Nu5.7 possible case, is necessary in order to obtain forgiveness. with the principal 11758-900616-1720 -Nu5.8 11759-900616-1721 -Nu5.9 11760-900616-1721 -Nu5.10 11761-900616-1721 -Nu5.11 11762-900616-1722 -Nu5.12 11763-900616-1722 -Nu5.13 11764-900616-1723 -Nu5.14 exciting him to jealousy, or, rather, the passion or affection of jealousy 11765-900616-1725 -Nu5.15 frankincense, implied the baseness of the crime of which the woman was suspected, and the mournful state of her family. It was not an atoning sacrifice, but an oblation for a memorial, as solemnly referring the decision to God, and calling upon him either to acquit or punish. 11766-900621-0955 -Nu5.16 her rather set it. the offerig; for the woman is afterwards ordered to be set before the Lord. 11767-900621-0957 -Nu5.17 because separated from common to sacred uses. This is the most ancient account of the trial by ordeal, which obtained so generally among various nations; and it was calculated to fortify the minds of the Israelitish women in the hour of temptation and to render them watchful against all occasions of exciting suspicion in the breasts of their husbands. 11768-900621-1001 -Nu5.18 thy husband 11770-900621-1001 -Nu5.20 11771-900621-1002 -Nu5.21 11772-900621-1003 -Nu5.22 11773-900621-1004 -Nu5.23 11774-900621-1004 -Nu5.24 11775-900621-1004 -Nu5.25 11776-900621-1005 -Nu5.26 11777-900621-1006 -Nu5.27 11778-900621-1006 -Nu5.28 11779-900621-1007 -Nu5.29 11781-900621-1007 -Nu5.31 11782-900621-1008 -Nu6.1 01 The law of the Nazarite in the days of his separation 13 And after their completion 22 The form of blessing the people 11783-900621-1012 -Nu6.2 themselves,' signifies, 'the doing of something extraordinary,' and is the same word as is used concerning the making a singular vow. It seems to convey the idea of a person's acting from extraordinary zeal for God and religion. Lahazzir, from Nazar, to be separate; hence nazir, a Nazarite, a person separated; one peculiarly devoted to the service of God by being separated from all servile employments. The Nazarites were of two kinds' such as were devoted to God by their parents in their infancy, or even sometimes before they were born; and such as devoted themselves. The former were Nazarites for life; and the latter commonly bound themselves to observe the laws of the Nazarites for a limited time. The Nazarites for life were not bound to the same strictness as the others, concerning whom the laws relate. 11784-900621-1015 -Nu6.3 have been partly of a civil and prudential use. The sobriety and temperance which the Nazarites were obliged to observe were very conductive to health. Accordingly, they were celebrated for their fair and ruddy complexion; being said to be both whiter than milk and more ruddy than rubies; the sure signs of a sound and healthy constitution. It may here be observed, that when God intended to raise up Samson, by his strength of body, to scourge the enemies of Israel, he ordered, that from his infancy he should drink no wine, but live by the rule of the Nazarites, because that would greatly contribute to make him strong and healthy; intending, after nature had done her utmost to form this extraordinary instrument of his providence, to supply her defect by his own supernatural power. 11785-900621-1016 -Nu6.4 11786-900621-1017 -Nu6.5 11787-900621-1018 -Nu6.6 11788-900621-1020 -Nu6.7 consecration, or separation, of God is on his head,' denotes his hair, which was the proof and emblem of his separation, and of his subjection to God through all the peculiarities of his Nazarate. St. Paul probably alludes to this circumstance in 1Co 11.10 by considering a married woman as a Nazarite for life, i.e. separated from all others, and united to her husband, to whom she is subject. 11789-900621-1020 -Nu6.8 11790-900621-1021 -Nu6.9 11791-900621-1021 -Nu6.10 11792-900621-1022 -Nu6.11 11793-900621-1023 -Nu6.12 11794-900621-1023 -Nu6.13 11795-900621-1024 -Nu6.14 11796-900621-1025 -Nu6.15 11797-900621-1026 -Nu6.16 11799-900621-1027 -Nu6.18 purpose, was shaven off, as a token that the vow was accomplished. 11800-900621-1027 -Nu6.19 11801-900621-1028 -Nu6.20 11802-900621-1029 -Nu6.21 11804-900621-1030 -Nu6.23 11805-900621-1030 -Nu6.24 11806-900621-1031 -Nu6.25 11807-900621-1032 -Nu6.26 11808-900621-1033 -Nu6.27 11809-900621-1034 -Nu7.1 01 The offering of the princes at the dedication of the tabernacle 10 Their several offerings at the dedication of the altar 89 God speaks to Moses from the mercy seat 11810-900621-1035 -Nu7.2 11811-900621-1036 -Nu7.3 These were given for the more convenient exporting of the heavier parts of the tabernacle. 11813-900621-1037 -Nu7.5 them; giving most to those who have the heaviest burdens to bear. 11815-900621-1038 -Nu7.7 able men, had the less burdensome things to carry; for they carried only the curtains, coverings, and hangings. And although this was a cumbersome carriage, and they needed waggons, yet it was not a heavy one, and they needed few. 11816-900621-1039 -Nu7.8 they had the greatest burden, namely, the boards, bars, pillars, and sockets, to carry. Therefore they had double the number of waggons to what the Gershonites had assigned them. 11817-900621-1040 -Nu7.9 candlestick, altars, etc. which were to be carried upon their shoulders; for those sacred things must not be drawn by beasts. because 11818-900621-1041 -Nu7.10 doubtless at the expense, of his whole tribe. dedicating 11819-900621-1041 -Nu7.11 11820-900621-1042 -Nu7.12 11821-900621-1042 -Nu7.13 11822-900621-1043 -Nu7.14 11823-900621-1044 -Nu7.15 11824-900621-1045 -Nu7.16 11825-900621-1049 -Nu7.17 different tribes are represented here as bringing their offerings precisely in the same order in which they encamped about the tabernacle, beginning at the East, then proceeding to the South, then to the West, and ending with the North, according to the course of the sun. Thus God evinces that he is not the author of confusion, but of peace. It is also worthy of remark that every tribe offers the same kind of offering, and in the same quantity, to shew, that as every tribe was equally indebted to God for its support, so each should testify an equal sense of obligation. Besides, the vessels were all sacrifical vessels, and the animals were all clean animals, such as were proper for sacrifices; and therefore everything was intended to point out, that the people were to be a holy people, fully dedicated to God, and that God was to dwell among them. Thus, as the priests, altar, etc. were anointed, and the tabernacle dedicated, so the people by this offering became consecrated to God. Therefore every act here was a religious act. 11826-900621-1050 -Nu7.18 11827-900621-1050 -Nu7.19 11828-900621-1051 -Nu7.20 11829-900621-1051 -Nu7.21 11830-900621-1051 -Nu7.22 11831-900621-1052 -Nu7.23 11832-900621-1052 -Nu7.24 11835-900621-1053 -Nu7.27 11838-900621-1053 -Nu7.30 11839-900621-1056 -Nu7.31 bowl. It appears by the metal of which this charger and bowl were made, that they were for the use of the altar of burnt offerings in the outer court; for all the vessels of the sanctuary were of gold. It was probably used for receiving the flesh of the sacrifices upon which the priests feasted, or the fine flour for the meat offerings. Bowl. Mizrak, from zarak, to sprinkle, a bowl or bason, used in sprinkling the blood of the sacrifice. 11840-900621-1056 -Nu7.32 metal of which it was made, and that which it contained, shew that it was for the use of the golden altar in the sanctuary. incense 11843-900621-1058 -Nu7.35 the burnt offering or the sin offering; because the priests, the princes, and as many of the people as they invited, had a share of them, and feated, with great rejoicing, before the Lord. This custom, as Mr. Shelden observes, seems to have been imitated by the heathen, who dedicated their altars, temples, statues, et. with much ceremony. 11844-900621-1058 -Nu7.36 11845-900621-1059 -Nu7.37 11847-900621-1059 -Nu7.39 11850-900621-1059 -Nu7.42 11851-900621-1100 -Nu7.43 11853-900621-1100 -Nu7.45 11856-900621-1105 -Nu7.48 surprised that this work of offering went forward on the seventh day (which they suppose to have been a sabbath), as well as on the other days. But, 1.there is no absolute proof that this seventh day of offering was a sabbath. 2. Were it even so, could the people be better employed than in thus consecrating themselves and their services to the Lord? We have already seen that every act was a religious act; and we may rest assured, that no day was too holy for the performance of such acts as are here recorded. Here is may be observed, that Moses has thought fit to set down distinctly, and at full length, the offerings of the princes of each tribe, though, as we have already observed, they were the very same, both in quantity and quality, that an honourable mention might be made of every one apart, and that none might think himself in the least neglected. 11857-900621-1106 -Nu7.49 11859-900621-1107 -Nu7.51 acceptance of the sacrifices which should be hereafter offered on the altar, we are not informed; but the sacrifices themselves were of the nature of supplications, and it is probable, that they who offered them, made humble petitions along with them. 11862-900621-1107 -Nu7.54 11863-900621-1107 -Nu7.55 11868-900621-1108 -Nu7.60 11869-900621-1108 -Nu7.61 11870-900621-1108 -Nu7.62 11871-900621-1109 -Nu7.63 11874-900621-1116 -Nu7.66 commenced cannot be easily determined; but the computation of F. Scacchus seems highly probable. He supposes, that the tabernacle being erected the first day of the first month of the second year after the departure from Egypt, seven days were spent in the counsecration of it, and the altar; and that on the eight day, Moses began to consecrate Aaron and his sons, which lasted seven days more. Then, on the fourteenth day of that month, was the feast day of unleavened bread; which God commanded to be observed in the first month and which lasted till the 22nd. The rest of the month, we may well suppose, was spent in giving, receiving, and delivering the laws contained in the book of Leviticus; after which, on the first day of the second month, Moses began to number the people, according to the command in the beginning of this book; which may be supposed to have lasted three days. On the fourth, the Levites were numbered; on the next day we may suppose they were offered to God, and given to the Priests; and on the sixth, they were expiated and consecrated, as we read in the following chapter. On the seventh day, their several charges were assigned them, after which, he supposed the princes began to offer, on the eight day of the second month, for the dedication of the altar, which lasted till the nineteenth day inclusively; and on the twentieth day of this month, they remoed from Sinai to the wilderness of Paran. 11875-900621-1116 -Nu7.67 11880-900621-1118 -Nu7.72 expression here, and in the 78th verse, has something curious in it; in the day, the first and tenth day; in the day, two and tenth day. But this is the idiom of the language; and to an original Hebrew, our almost anomalous words eleventh and twelfth, would appear as strange. 11881-900621-1121 -Nu7.73 were simple and plain, though costly and magnificent. On this occasion we find there were offered 12 silver chargers, each weighing 1130 shekels; 12 silver bowls, each 70 shekels; 12 golden spoons, each 10 shekels; making the total amount of silver vessels 2400 shekels, and that of golden vessels, 120 shekels. By this we may at once see, that though the place in which they now sojourned was a wilderness as to cities, villages, and regular inhabitants, yet there was plenty of pasturage; else the Israelites could not have furnished these cattle, with all the sacrifices necessary for different occasions, and especially for the passover, which must of itself have required an immense number of lambs, when each family of 600,000 males was obliged to provide one. 11886-900621-1122 -Nu7.78 11887-900621-1122 -Nu7.79 11892-900621-1123 -Nu7.84 11893-900621-1123 -Nu7.85 11896-900621-1125 -Nu7.88 11897-900621-1126 -Nu7.89 11898-900625-0954 -Nu8.1 01 How the lamps are to be lighted 05 The consecration of the Levites 23 The age and time of their service Moses went into the tabernacle immediately after the princes had offered, it may be thought he then spake these things unto him; but both this and what follows, concerning the Levites, seem rather to have been delivered after the order for giving them to the priests, and appointing their several charges. But some other things intervening, which depended upon what had been ordered respecting their camp, and that of the Israelites, Moses omits this until he had stated them, and some other matters which he had received from God. 11899-900625-0955 -Nu8.2 11901-900625-0955 -Nu8.4 11903-900625-0956 -Nu8.6 11904-900625-0957 -Nu8.7 11905-900625-0957 -Nu8.8 11906-900625-1004 -Nu8.9 rendered 'the whole assembly,' often signify all the elders, or principal persons in the several tribes. And they cannot well have any other sense here; for it would be impossible for all the children of Israel to put their hands on the Levites, as stated in the next verse. 11907-900625-1005 -Nu8.10 11908-900625-1006 -Nu8.11 but they were presented to God, as the God of heaven, and the Lord of the whole earth, as the wave offerings were; and in calling them wave-offerings, it was intimated to them that they must move to and fro with readiness in the business of their profession 11909-900625-1007 -Nu8.12 11910-900625-1010 -Nu8.13 manifestly in allusion to the ancient sacrificial rite of waving the sacrifices before the Lord; and it is probable, that some significant action, analogous to the waving of the sacrifice, was employed on this occasion; for the Levites were considered as an offering to the Lord, to whose service they were wholly dedicated. To this the apostle Paul manifestly alludes, when, in writing to the Romans, he says, "I beseech you, therefore, brethren, by the mercies of God, that ye present your bodies a living sacrifice, holy, acceptable unto God, which is your reasonable service." 11911-900625-1011 -Nu8.14 11912-900625-1011 -Nu8.15 11913-900625-1014 -Nu8.16 Patrick, 'the children of Israel had devoted them to him, by laying their hands upon them, and Aaron had waved them as a wave-offering to the Lord.' instead of such. Houbigant, on the authority of the Samaritan, reads, 'instead of every first-born of the children of Israel, who openeth the womb.' 11914-900625-1014 -Nu8.17 11916-900625-1015 -Nu8.19 11917-900625-1016 -Nu8.20 11918-900625-1016 -Nu8.21 11919-900625-1017 -Nu8.22 11921-900625-1021 -Nu8.24 service of the tabernacle at the age of 30 years; and in 1ch 23.24, they are ordered to commence their work at 20 years of age. In order to reconcile this apparent discrepancy, it is to be observed, 1. At the time of which Moses speaks in ch 4.3, the Levitical service was exceedingly severe, and consequently required full grown, robust men, to perform it; the age of 30 was therefore appointed as the period for commencing this service, the weightier part of which was probably there intended. 2. In this place God seems to speak of the service in a general way; hence the age of 25 is fixed. 3. In David's time, and afterwards, in the fixed tabernacle and temple, the laboriousness of the service no longer existed, and hence 20 years was the age appointed. 11922-900625-1024 -Nu8.25 warfare of the service assist their junior brethren in the ordinary offices, and give them and the people counsel and instruction; but they were exempted from carrying the tabernacle and from other laborious services. It is remarkable, that no law was made concerning the age at which the priests should begin to officiate, and though various blemishes disqualified them for the service of the sanctuary, yet they continued their ministrations till death, if capable. On the other hand, nothing is said concerning any bodily defects or blemishes disqualifying the Levites; but the time of their service is expressly settled. Their work was far more laborious than that of the Priests; it is therefore likely that the priests would not begin very early to officiate; and the wisdom and experience of age would increase, rather than diminish, their fitness for the sacred duties of their office. 11923-900625-1025 -Nu8.26 11924-900625-1027 -Nu9.1 01 The passover is again commanded 06 A second passover for the unclean or absent 15 The cloud directs the removals and encampments of the Israelites first verses of this chapter evidently refer to a time previous to the commencement of this book; but as there is no evidence of a transposition, it is better to conclude with Houbigant, that 'it is enough to know, that these books contain an account of things transacted in the days of Moses, though not in their regular or chronological order.' 11925-900625-1028 -Nu9.2 11926-900625-1029 -Nu9.3 11928-900625-1030 -Nu9.5 11929-900625-1034 -Nu9.6 11930-900625-1034 -Nu9.7 11931-900625-1035 -Nu9.8 11933-900625-1036 -Nu9.10 11934-900625-1037 -Nu9.11 11935-900625-1039 -Nu9.12 shepherds who were roasting sheep whole, which they sold to travellers stuck upon sticks of willow tree. The entrails were taken out, and the body again sewed up.' 11936-900625-1040 -Nu9.13 11937-900625-1041 -Nu9.14 11938-900625-1042 -Nu9.15 11939-900625-1045 -Nu9.16 protected them, and was a continual pledge of God's presence and protection. To this manifestation of the Divine glory, the prophet Isaiah alludes, when he says, "The Lord will create upon every dwelling place of Mount Zion, and upon her assemblies, a cloud and smoke by day, and the shining of a flaming fire by night." God is the director, protector, and glory of his church. 11940-900625-1045 -Nu9.17 11941-900625-1047 -Nu9.18 as acceptable a piece of submission to the will of God, to sit still contentedly when our lot requires it, as to work for him when we are called to it. 11942-900625-1047 -Nu9.19 11944-900625-1048 -Nu9.21 11945-900625-1048 -Nu9.22 11946-900625-1050 -Nu9.23 moving of the pillar, and to give timely notice to the camp of its beginning to stir; and this is called 'keeping the charge of the Lord.' It is uncomfortable staying when God is departed, but very safe and pleasant going, when we see God go before us, and resting where he appoints us to rest. 11947-900625-1051 -Nu10.1 01 The use of the silver trumpets 11 The Israelites remove from Sinai to Paran 14 The order of their march 29 Hobab is entreated by Moses not to leave them 33 The blessing of Moses at the removing and resting of the ark 11948-900625-1054 -Nu10.2 appear, when the amazing extent of this army is considered. There were various kinds of trumpets among the ancients, of different forms and materials, as Eustathius shews on Homer, where he mentions six; the second of which was turned up round, like a ram's horn; which he says the Egyptians used (from being invented by Osiris) when they assembled the people to their sacrifices. But in opposition to that form, Moses commands these to be made long, in the shape of those used at present. So Josephus informs us, who says they were near a cubit long; the tube of the thickness of a common pipe or flute; the mouth no wider than just to admit blowing into them; and their ends wide like those of a modern trumpet. 11949-900625-1055 -Nu10.3 11950-900625-1055 -Nu10.4 11951-900625-1056 -Nu10.5 11952-900625-1058 -Nu10.6 to march; two such alarms the signal for the south; and probably three for the west, and four for the North. There appears therefore, a deficiency in the Hebrew Text, 'And when ye blow a third alarm, or signal, the camps on the west shall march; and when ye blow a fourth alarm, the camps on the north shall march.' This addition, however, is not acknowledged by the Samaritan, nor any other version than the Coptic, nor any MS. yet collated. the camps 11953-900625-1058 -Nu10.7 11954-900625-1058 -Nu10.8 11955-900625-1100 -Nu10.9 11956-900625-1101 -Nu10.10 11957-900627-0743 -Nu10.11 Sinai about eleven months and twenty days; and they now received the order of God to decamp, and proceed to the promised land: the Samaritan, therefore, introduces at this place, nearly the words of De 1.6-8: 'And Jehovah spake unto Moses, saying, Ye have dwelt long enough in this mount; turn, and take your journey,' 11958-900627-0744 -Nu10.12 11959-900627-0744 -Nu10.13 11960-900627-0746 -Nu10.14 company marched: Judah- -Issachar, Zebulun, Gershonites, and Merarites, bearing the tabernacle. Reuben- -Simeon, Gad, Kohathites, with the sanctuary. Ephraim -- Manasseh, Benjamin Dan- -Asher, Naphtali. Among other things, it should be remarked, that, according to a well-known rule of military tactics, the advanced, and rear-guards, were stronger then the centre. 11961-900627-0747 -Nu10.15 11962-900627-0747 -Nu10.16 11963-900627-0748 -Nu10.17 11964-900627-0748 -Nu10.18 11965-900627-0749 -Nu10.19 11966-900627-0749 -Nu10.20 11967-900627-0750 -Nu10.21 11968-900627-0750 -Nu10.22 11969-900627-0751 -Nu10.23 11970-900627-0751 -Nu10.24 11971-900627-0752 -Nu10.25 11972-900627-0752 -Nu10.26 11973-900627-0752 -Nu10.27 11974-900627-0753 -Nu10.28 11975-900627-0754 -Nu10.29 11976-900627-0754 -Nu10.30 11977-900627-0756 -Nu10.31 direction of God himself, and were guided by the pillar of cloud and fire, it might be supposed that they had no need of Hobab. But it should be remembered, that the cloud directed only their general journeys, not their particular excursions. Parties took several journeys while the grand army lay still. 11978-900627-0756 -Nu10.32 11979-900627-0757 -Nu10.33 11980-900627-0757 -Nu10.34 11981-900627-0758 -Nu10.35 11982-900627-0759 -Nu10.36 11983-900627-0806 -Nu11.1 01 The burning at Taberah quenched by Moses' prayer 04 The people lust for flesh, and loathe manna 10 Moses complains of his charge 16 God promises to divide his burden unto seventy elders, and to give the people flesh for a month 21 Moses' faith is staggered 31 Quails are given in wrath at Kibroth-hattaavah Lord. Heb it was evil in the ears of the Lord 11984-900627-0810 -Nu11.2 11985-900627-0814 -Nu11.3 11986-900627-0815 -Nu11.4 11987-900627-0817 -Nu11.5 smooth, of a longish cylindrical shape, and about a foot long. Prosper Alpinus says that it differs from the common sort by its size, colour, and softness; that its leaves are smaller, whiter, softer, and rounder; its fruit larger, greener, smoother, softer, sweeter, and more easy of digestion than ours. Hasselquist describes it in the same manner; and adds, that it is very little watery, but firm like a melon, sweet and cool to the taste, but not so cold as the watermelon, which is meant by the avutichim of the text. 11988-900627-0826 -Nu11.6 11989-900627-0827 -Nu11.7 11990-900627-0827 -Nu11.8 11991-900627-0828 -Nu11.9 11992-900627-0828 -Nu11.10 11993-900627-0839 -Nu11.11 in these verses serve at once to shew the deeply distressed state of his mind, and the degradation of the minds of the people 11994-900627-0840 -Nu11.12 11995-900627-0841 -Nu11.13 11996-900627-0841 -Nu11.14 11997-900627-0843 -Nu11.15 'their wretchedness.' The Jerusalem Targum has the same, and adds, by way of explanation, 'who are thine own people.' 11998-900627-0844 -Nu11.16 11999-900627-0845 -Nu11.17 12000-900627-0846 -Nu11.18 12001-900627-0847 -Nu11.19 one day; but now such plenty was to be afforded them for a whole month, and they should use it so greedily, that at last they should entirely loathe the food for which they had so inordinately craved. 12002-900627-0848 -Nu11.20 12003-900627-0907 -Nu11.21 12004-900627-0908 -Nu11.22 unbelief manifested in these complaints and questions of Moses; but his conduct appears at the same time so very simple, honest, and affectionate, that we cannot but admire it, while we wonder that he had not stronger confidence in that God, whose stupendous miracles he had so often witnessed in Egypt. 12005-900627-0910 -Nu11.23 That power which has been so signally displayed on your behalf, and which is as unchangeable as it is unlimited. 12006-900627-0910 -Nu11.24 12007-900627-0912 -Nu11.25 to compare Moses to a lamp, at which seventy others were lighted, without any diminution of its lustre. They prophesied. By prophesying here we are to understand, their performing those civil and sacred functions for which they were qualified; exhorting the people to quiet and peaceable submission, and to trust and confidence in the providence of God. 12008-900627-0913 -Nu11.26 12010-900627-0913 -Nu11.28 12011-900627-0914 -Nu11.29 12013-900627-0916 -Nu11.31 had occasion to observe; to which we subjoin the authority of Mr. Maundrell, who visited Naplosa, (the ancient Sichem,) where the Samaritans live. Mr. Maundrell asked their chief priest what sort of animal he took the selav to be. He answered, they were a sort of fowls; and by the description Mr. Maundrell perceived he meant the same kind with our quails. a day's journey. Heb. the way of a day, and as it were two cubits. That is, 'and they flew in the air, at the height of two cubits above the ground.' 12014-900627-0917 -Nu11.32 12015-900627-0917 -Nu11.33 12016-900627-0918 -Nu11.34 12017-900627-0922 -Nu11.35 12018-900627-0923 -Nu12.1 01 God rebukes the sedition of Miriam and Aaron 111 Miriam's leprosy is healed at the prayer of Moses 14 God commands her to be shut out of the host 16 The people encamp in the wilderness of Paran 12019-900627-0924 -Nu12.2 12020-900627-0930 -Nu12.3 12021-900627-0930 -Nu12.4 12022-900627-0930 -Nu12.5 12023-900627-0931 -Nu12.6 12024-900627-0932 -Nu12.7 12025-900627-0933 -Nu12.8 12026-900627-0933 -Nu12.9 12027-900627-0934 -Nu12.10 12028-900627-0935 -Nu12.11 12029-900627-0935 -Nu12.12 12030-900627-0936 -Nu12.13 12031-900627-0937 -Nu12.14 12032-900627-0937 -Nu12.15 12033-900627-0940 -Nu12.16 Shaw computes it to be three days' journey, i.e. thirty miles from Sinai. From this passage, it appears that the wilderness of Paran commenced immediately upon their leaving this station. Calmet observes, that there is a town called Hazor in Arabia Petraea, in all probability the same as Hazerim, the ancient habitation of the Hivites; and likewise, according to all appearances, the Hazeroth, where the Hebrews encamped. the wilderness 12034-900627-0940 -Nu13.1 01 The names of the men who were sent to search the land 17 Their instructions 21 Their acts 26 Their relation 12035-900627-0941 -Nu13.2 12036-900627-0952 -Nu13.3 taken in a larger, and in a stricter sense. In the larger sense, it seems to have denoted all the desert and mountainous tract, lying between the wilderness of Shur westward, and mount Seir, or the land of Edom, eastward, the land of Canaan northward, and the Red sea southward. And in this sense, it seems to have comprehended the wilderness of Sin, and the wilderness of Sinai, also the adjoining tract wherein lay Kibroth-hattaavah and Hazeroth. In this sense it may be understood in De. 1.19, where, by 'that great and terrible wilderness,' is intended the wilderness of Paran in its largest acceptation; for, in its stricter acceptation, it seems not to have been so great and terrible a wilderness' but is taken to denote more peculiarly that part of Arabia Petraea which lies between mount Sinai and Hazeroth west, and mount Seir east. 12039-900627-0952 -Nu13.6 12041-900627-0953 -Nu13.8 12049-900627-0954 -Nu13.16 12050-900627-0954 -Nu13.17 12051-900627-0955 -Nu13.18 12053-900627-0955 -Nu13.20 12054-900627-0959 -Nu13.21 different from that called Sin. The latter was near Egypt, but the former was near Kadesh Barnea, not far from the borders of Canaan. It seems to be the valley mentioned by Burckhardt; which, under the names of El Ghor and El Araba, form a continuation of the valley of the Jordan, extending from the Dead Sea to the eastern branch of the Red Sea. The whole plain presents to the view an appearance of shifting sands, whose surface is broken by innumerable undulations and low hills. A few talk, tamarisk, and rethem trees grow among the sand hills; but the depth of sand precludes all vegetation of herbage. Asher, situated near mount Lebanon, at the northern extremity of the Promised Land, on the road which leads to Hamath, and west of Laish or Dan 12055-900627-1000 -Nu13.22 12056-900627-1000 -Nu13.23 12057-900627-1001 -Nu13.24 12058-900627-1001 -Nu13.25 12059-900627-1002 -Nu13.26 12060-900627-1002 -Nu13.27 12061-900627-1003 -Nu13.28 12062-900627-1003 -Nu13.29 12063-900627-1004 -Nu13.30 12064-900627-1004 -Nu13.31 12065-900627-1005 -Nu13.32 12066-900627-1006 -Nu13.33 12067-900705-1359 -Nu14.1 01 The people murmur at the news 06 Joshua and Caleb labour to still them 11 God threatens them 13 Moses intercedes with God, and obtains pardon 26 The Murmurers are debarred from entering into the land 36 The men who reaised the evil report die by a plague 40 The people that would invade the land against the will of God are smitten 12068-900705-1400 -Nu14.2 12069-900705-1400 -Nu14.3 12070-900705-1401 -Nu14.4 12071-900705-1402 -Nu14.5 12072-900705-1402 -Nu14.6 12073-900705-1403 -Nu14.7 12074-900705-1404 -Nu14.8 12075-900705-1408 -Nu14.9 protection and support in the sultry eastern countries. The Arabs and Persians use the same word to express the same thing; using the expressions, 'May the shadow of thy prosperity be extended.' 'May the shadow of thy prosperity be spread over the heads of thy well-wishers.' And in an elegant distich, 'May your protection never be removed from my head; may God extend your shadow eternally.' The loftiest and most esteemed title of the sultan, says Thornton, because given him by the kings of Persia, is zil ullah, shadow of God. 12076-900705-1409 -Nu14.10 12077-900705-1410 -Nu14.11 12078-900705-1411 -Nu14.12 12079-900705-1412 -Nu14.13 inclusive, we have the words of the earnest intercession of Moses; they need no explanation; they are full of simplicity and energy. Then the 12080-900705-1413 -Nu14.14 12081-900705-1413 -Nu14.15 12082-900705-1414 -Nu14.16 12083-900705-1414 -Nu14.17 12084-900705-1415 -Nu14.18 12085-900705-1416 -Nu14.19 12087-900705-1417 -Nu14.21 12088-900705-1417 -Nu14.22 12089-900705-1418 -Nu14.23 12090-900705-1421 -Nu14.24 generous, courageous, noble, and heroic spirit, but the Spirit and influence of God, which thus raised him above human inquietudes and earthly fears. Therefore he followed God fully; literally, 'and he filled after me;' God shewed him the way he was to take and the line of conduct he was to pursue, and he filled up this line, and in all things followed the will of his Maker. followed me 12091-900705-1422 -Nu14.25 12093-900705-1422 -Nu14.27 12094-900705-1423 -Nu14.28 12095-900705-1423 -Nu14.29 12096-900705-1424 -Nu14.30 12097-900705-1425 -Nu14.31 land their fathers had despised. the land 12098-900705-1426 -Nu14.32 12099-900705-1427 -Nu14.33 they should move from place to place in the deserts, as the Bedounin Arabs, who have no certain dwelling, but rove about seeking pasture for their flocks. 12100-900705-1429 -Nu14.34 rather my failure, or disannulling, from noo, to fail, disannual; for as they had broken their engagements, God was no longer held by his covenant. 12101-900705-1430 -Nu14.35 12102-900705-1430 -Nu14.36 12103-900705-1432 -Nu14.37 were struck dead, by the justice of God, on the spot. In commemoration of this event, the Jews, to this day, celebrate a fast, on the seventh day of the month Elul. died 12104-900705-1432 -Nu14.38 12105-900705-1432 -Nu14.39 12106-900705-1433 -Nu14.40 it; and are now ready to do as Caleb and Joshua exhorted us. Or, though we have sinned, yet we hope God will make good his promise. 12107-900705-1434 -Nu14.41 12108-900705-1434 -Nu14.42 12109-900705-1435 -Nu14.43 12110-900705-1437 -Nu14.44 that, though Omnipotence was with them, they could not conquer and possess the land! Now they imagine, that though God himself go not with them, yet they shall be sufficient to drive out the inhabitants, and take possession of their country! Man is ever supposing he can do all things, or do nothing; he is therefore sometimes presumptuous, and at other times in despair. 12111-900705-1438 -Nu14.45 12112-900718-1608 -Nu15.1 01 The law of the meat offering, and the drink offering 14 The stranger is under the same law 17 The law of the first of the dough for an heave offering 22 The sacrifice for sins of ignorance 30 The punishment of presumption 32 He that violated the sabbath is stoned 37 The law of fringes and the four following chapters took place during the time the Israelites abode in Kadesh. 12113-900705-1441 -Nu15.2 12114-900705-1445 -Nu15.3 heifer, etc; and under tzon are included sheep and goats. The animals enjoined in the Levitical law are the very same which commanded Abraham to offer. Hence it is evident, that God delivered to the patriarchs an epitome of that law which was afterwards given in detail to Moses, the essence of which consisted in its sacrifices; and these sacrifices were of clean animals, the most perfect, useful, and healthy of all that are brought under the immediate government of man. Gross feeding and ferocious animals were all excluded, as well as all birds of prey. 12115-900705-1446 -Nu15.4 12116-900705-1447 -Nu15.5 12117-900705-1447 -Nu15.6 12119-900705-1447 -Nu15.8 12120-900705-1448 -Nu15.9 12121-900705-1449 -Nu15.10 12122-900705-1449 -Nu15.11 12126-900705-1450 -Nu15.15 12129-900705-1451 -Nu15.18 12130-900705-1452 -Nu15.19 acknowledgment from the people at large; but this was an oblation from every one that reaped a harvest; who was required, previously to tasting it himself, to offer a portion of dough as a heave-offering to the Lord. This is supposed to have been given to the priests in their several cities, and not carried to the tabernacle. 12131-900705-1453 -Nu15.20 12132-900705-1453 -Nu15.21 12133-900705-1458 -Nu15.22 from one before considered, occasions considerable difficulty. Some explain that law as relating to sins of commisson, this to sins of omission; others explain the one of inadvertent violations of the moral law, and the other of the transgressions of the ceremonial law; and some think that related to the whole nation, this to anyone tribe; or that to the bulk of the nation, this to the rulers and elders. The Jews say, that the former law referred to such national transgressions through heedlessness, as consisted with the maintenance of the prescribed worship in the main; but that this especially respected the case of the nation, when through inattention, and the example and authority of wicked rulers, they had turned aside and committed idolatry, or conducted their worship directly contrary to law; yet through a culpable ignorance, and not in presumption. This was evidently the case under several of their kings; and the explanation seems well grounded. 12135-900705-1459 -Nu15.24 12136-900705-1500 -Nu15.25 12137-900705-1500 -Nu15.26 12138-900705-1500 -Nu15.27 12139-900705-1501 -Nu15.28 12140-900705-1501 -Nu15.29 12141-900705-1504 -Nu15.30 deliberate acts of transgression against the fullest evidence, and in despite of the Divine authority. Such conduct 'reproacheth the Lord,' as if his commands were needless, unreasonable, and inimical to the happiness of man; his favour were not desirable, or his wrath not to be feared; in short, as if it were more advantageious to rebel against him than to serve him. Such acts admitted of no atonement; the person was condemned to bear his own iniquity, and to be cut off. reproacheth. 12142-900705-1505 -Nu15.31 12143-900705-1506 -Nu15.32 introduced to illustrate the foregoing law. The man despised the word of the Lord, presumptuously broke his commandment, and on this ground was punished with death. 12144-900705-1507 -Nu15.33 12145-900705-1507 -Nu15.34 12146-900705-1508 -Nu15.35 12147-900705-1508 -Nu15.36 12149-900705-1510 -Nu15.38 ornament resembling a flower. From ver. 39, we learn that these were emblematical of the commands of God. That there is any analogy between a fringe and a precept, it would be bold to assert; but when a thing is appointed to represent another, no matter how different, that first object becomes the legitimate representative or sign of the other. 12150-900705-1511 -Nu15.39 12151-900705-1511 -Nu15.40 12152-900705-1512 -Nu15.41 12153-900706-0624 -Nu16.1 01 The rebellion of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram 23 Moses separates the people from the rebels' tents 31 The earth swallows up Korah, and a fire consumes others 36 The censers are reserved to holy use 41 Fourteen thousand and seven hundred are slain by a plague, for murmuring against Moses and Aaron 46 Aaron by incense stays the plague counsel;' and some 'took courage.' Houbigant renders they rebelled; which scarcely any rule of criticism can ever justify. Dr. Geddes' translation is, 'Another insurrection was raised against Moses by Korah,'. Others think that it may mean, 'behaved with insolence.' But, as Dr. A. Clarke observes, the very wyyikkach, 'and he took' which though at the end of the sentence in English, is the first word in Hebrew, is not in the plural, but the singular; and hence cannot be applied to the acts of all these chiefs. In every part of the Scripture, where this rebellion is referred to, it is attributed to Korah, therefore the very heresy belongs to him; and the whole verse should be translated, 'Now Korah, son of Izhar, son of Kohath, son of Levi, he took even Dathan and Abiram, the sons of Eliab, and On, sons of Peleth, son of Reuben, and they rose up,' reading, with some MSS, the Samaritan, and Septuagint, ben, son, instead of beney, sons. 12154-900705-1519 -Nu16.2 12155-900705-1520 -Nu16.3 12156-900705-1520 -Nu16.4 12157-900705-1522 -Nu16.5 12158-900705-1523 -Nu16.6 12159-900705-1523 -Nu16.7 12160-900705-1524 -Nu16.8 12161-900705-1526 -Nu16.9 12162-900705-1527 -Nu16.10 12163-900705-1527 -Nu16.11 12164-900705-1528 -Nu16.12 12165-900705-1529 -Nu16.13 12166-900705-1530 -Nu16.14 12167-900705-1535 -Nu16.15 far from oppressing them, he had not imposed the smallest tax, nor taken, as a present, so much as an ass from one of them. The common present that is now made to the great, in these countries, is a horse; but there is reason to believe, that an ass might formerly have answered the same purpose. If it is a visit of ceremony from a barshaw, says Dr. Russell, or other person in power, a fine horse, sometimes with furniture, or some such valuable present, it made to him at his departure. As asses were esteemed no dishonourable beasts for the saddle, Sr. J. Chardin, in his MS., supposes, that when Samuel disclaimed having taken the ass of any one, he is to be understood of not having taken any ass for his riding. In the same light, he considers this similar declaration of Moses. His reason is asses being then esteemed very honourable creatures for riding on as they are at this very time in Persia, being rode with saddles. 12168-900705-1535 -Nu16.16 12169-900705-1536 -Nu16.17 12171-900705-1536 -Nu16.19 12173-900705-1537 -Nu16.21 12174-900705-1538 -Nu16.22 12176-900705-1541 -Nu16.24 tabernacle in the midst of the tents of their families, where they kept court, met in council, and hung out their flags of definance against Moses; it is here called the tabernacle of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram. There, as in the place of rendezvous, Dathan, and Abiram stayed, when Korah and his friends went up to the tabernacle of the Lord, waiting the issue of their trial; but here we are told how they had their business done, before that trial was over. God will take what method he pleases in his judgments. 12177-900705-1541 -Nu16.25 12178-900705-1543 -Nu16.26 them, were, as an accursed thing, devoted to utter destruction. The people therefore were forbidden to touch anything belonging to them; that they might enter a solemn protest against their wickedness, acknowledge the justice of their punishment, and express their fear of being involved in it. 12179-900705-1543 -Nu16.27 12180-900705-1545 -Nu16.28 own device or contrivance. It was not out of an ambitious desire to be great myself that I took upon me the government, nor out of private affection to my brother, that I appointed him and his family to the priesthood. of mine 12181-900705-1546 -Nu16.29 12182-900705-1547 -Nu16.30 should create a creation,' do such a thing as was never done before. 12183-900705-1548 -Nu16.31 12184-900705-1548 -Nu16.32 12185-900705-1549 -Nu16.33 12186-900705-1550 -Nu16.34 12187-900705-1550 -Nu16.35 12189-900705-1555 -Nu16.37 instance, improperly employed. 12190-900705-1556 -Nu16.38 12192-900705-1557 -Nu16.40 12193-900705-1600 -Nu16.41 themselves that Moses and Aaron had used some cunning in this business and that the earthquake and fire were artificial; for, had they discerned the hand of God in this punishment, they would scarcely have dared the anger of the Lord in the very face of his justice. And while they thus absurdly imputed this judgement to Moses and Aaron, they impiously called the persons, thus perishing in their rebellion, 'the people of the Lord!'. all the 12194-900705-1600 -Nu16.42 12195-900705-1601 -Nu16.43 12197-900705-1601 -Nu16.45 12198-900705-1604 -Nu16.46 so as to put the matter beyond dispute; His hand, and His alone, was seen, not only in the plague, but in the manner in which the mortality was arrested. It was necessary that it should be done in this way, that the whole congregation might see that these men who had perished were not 'the people of the Lord,' and that God, not Moses and Aaron, had destroyed them. 12199-900705-1605 -Nu16.47 12200-900705-1607 -Nu16.48 have begun at one part of the camp, and to have proceeded regularly onward. 12201-900705-1608 -Nu16.49 12202-900705-1608 -Nu16.50 12203-900706-0637 -Nu17.1 01 Aaron,s rod, among all the rods of the tribes, only flourishes 10 It is left for a monument against the rebels 12204-900706-0650 -Nu17.2 the prience or chief of each tribe bore, and which was the sign of office or royalaty among almost all the people of the earth. All their princes. 12205-900706-0649 -Nu17.3 12206-900706-0651 -Nu17.4 12207-900706-0655 -Nu17.5 12208-900706-0658 -Nu17.6 a rod for one prince. 12209-900706-0659 -Nu17.7 12210-900706-0716 -Nu17.8 that no doubt could remain on the minds of the people, or the envious chiefs, of the devine appointment of Aaron: and as there were buds, blossoms, and fruit on the rod at the same time, which was never the case with branches in the natural and ordinary course, this evidently proved the miracle, and took away all suspicion of the fraud which has been impiously suggested, that Moses had taken away Aaron's rod in the night time, and put a living branch of an almond tree in the room of it. A sceptre or staff of office resuming its vegetative life, was considered an absolute impossibility among the ancients; and as they were accustomed to swear by their sceptres, this circumstance was added to confirm the oath. budded. 12212-900706-0721 -Nu17.10 12214-900706-0729 -Nu17.12 simply, as to feel an extreme difficulty in breathing, which producing suffocation, ends at last in death. see the folly and extravagance of this sinful people, in thus rebelling against the authority of those whom Jehovah had appointed to be their rulers. 12215-900706-0734 -Nu17.13 12216-900706-0757 -Nu18.1 01 The charge of the priests and Levites 08 The priests, portion 21 The Levites, 25 The heave offering to the priests out of the Levites, portion Aaron and his family, and to allay the fears and abate the envy of the people, it is here declared, that the priest must bear the blame of everthing which was not properly conducted in the sanctuary. 12217-900706-0808 -Nu18.2 Levi is desired from lawah, to join, couple, associate; hence Moses says, the Levites yillawoo, `shall be joined,' or associated, with the priest: they shall conjointly perform the sacred office, but the priest shall be principal, the Levites their associates or assistants. 12218-900706-0809 -Nu18.3 12219-900706-0811 -Nu18.4 12220-900706-0815 -Nu18.5 12221-900706-0817 -Nu18.6 12222-900706-0821 -Nu18.7 12223-900706-0827 -Nu18.8 12224-900706-0830 -Nu18.9 12225-900706-0832 -Nu18.10 12226-900706-0834 -Nu18.11 12227-900706-0838 -Nu18.12 12228-900706-0840 -Nu18.13 12229-900706-0841 -Nu18.14 12230-900706-0844 -Nu18.15 12231-900706-0908 -Nu18.16 rites which are still practised among the Jews. According to Leo of Modena, it is performed in the following manner: -When the child is thirty days old, the father sends for one of the descendants of Aaron: several persons being assembled on the occasion, the father brings a cup, containg several pieces of gold and silver coin. The priest then takes the child into his arms, and addressing himself to the mother, he says, 1Is this thy son?' Mother. `Yes' Priest. `Hast thou never had another child, male or female, a miscarriage, or untimely birth?' Mother. `No' Priest. `this being the case, this child, as firstborn, belongs to me.' Then turning to his father, he says, If it be thy desire to have this child, thou must redeem it.' Father. `I present thee with this gold and silver for this purpose.' Priest. `Thou dost wish, therefore, to redeem this child?' Father. `I do do wish so to do.' The priest then turning himself to the assembley, says, `Very well: this child, as first-born, is mine; as it is written in Bemidbar, Thou shall redeem the first-born of a month old for five shekels; but I shall content myself with this in ex change.' He then takes two gold crowns, or thereabouts, and returns the child to his parents. according. 12232-900706-0909 -Nu18.17 12233-900706-0910 -Nu18.18 12234-900709-0149 -Nu18.19 12235-900709-0155 -Nu18.20 was the portion of the priests; who had no inheritance of land in Israel. The Rabbins say, 24 gifts were given to the priests; all of which are expressed in the law. Eight were only eaten in the sanctuary: 1.The flesh of the sin-offering. 2.The flesh of the trespass-offering. 3.The peace-offering of the congregation. 4.The remainder of the sheaf. 5.The remnants of the meat-offerings. 6.The two loaves. 7.The shew-bread. 8.The log of oil offered by the leper. Five they ate only at Jerusalem: 1.The breast and shoulder of the peace-offerings. 2.The heave-offering of confession. 3.The heave-offering of the Nazarite's ram. 4.The firstling. 5.The first-fruits. Five were due to them only in the land of Israel: 1.The heave-offering of first-fruits. 2.Of the tithe. 3.The cake. 4.The first of the fleece. 5.The field of possession. Five were due both within and without the land: 1.The gifts of slain beasts. 2.The redemption of the first-born. 3.The lamb for a firstling ass. 4.That taken by violence from a stranger. 5.All devoted things. One was from the sanctuary, the skins. no inheritance. 12236-900709-0156 -Nu18.21 12237-900709-0157 -Nu18.22 12238-900709-0157 -Nu18.23 12239-900709-0157 -Nu18.24 12241-900709-0158 -Nu18.26 12242-900709-0159 -Nu18.27 12243-900709-0159 -Nu18.28 12244-900709-0200 -Nu18.29 12245-900709-0201 -Nu18.30 12246-900709-0202 -Nu18.31 12247-900709-0202 -Nu18.32 12248-900709-1320 -Nu19.1 01 The water of separation made of the ashes of a red heifer 11 The law for the use of it in purification of the uncleaned 12249-900709-1344 -Nu19.2 remarked in this ordinance: 1. A heifer was appointed for sacrifice, in opposition to the Egyptian superstition, which held these sacred, and worshipped their goddess Isis under this form; and this appears the more likely, because males only were chosen for sacrifice. So Herodotus says, they sacrifice males, both old and young; but it is not lawful for them to offer females. 2. It was to be a red hefier, because the Egyptians sacrificed red bulls to the evil demon Typhon. 3. It was to be without spot, having no mixture of any other color. Plutarch says, the Egyptians `sacrifice red bulls, and select them with such scrupulous attention, that if the animal has a single black or white hair, they reckon it, unfit to be sacrificed.' 4. Without blemish. 5. On which never came yoke: because an animal which had been used for a common purpose was deemed improper for sacrifice. 12250-900709-1346 -Nu19.3 12251-900709-1348 -Nu19.4 12252-900709-1355 -Nu19.5 12253-900709-1359 -Nu19.6 12254-900709-1401 -Nu19.7 12255-900709-1420 -Nu19.8 with the ashes of the heifer, and set apart for the special purpose of being sprinkled on those who had contracted any legal defilement. To the rite the apostle Paul, in his Epistle to the Hebrews, or goats.' alluding, probably to the sin-offering and the scape-goat.` and the ashes of a hefier sprinkling the unclean, sanctifieth to the purifying of the flesh; how much more shall the blood of Christ, who, through the eternal Sprit, offered himself without spot unto God, purge your conscience from dead works to serve the living God.' 12256-900709-1510 -Nu19.9 with the ashes of the heifer, and set apart for the special purpose of being sprinkled on those who had contracted any legal defilement. To this rite the apostle Paul, in his epistle to the Hebrews. or goats,' alluding, probably, to the sin-offerings and the scape-goat,`and the ashes of a heifer sprinkling the uncleaned, santifieth to the purifying of the flesh; how much more shall the blood of Christ, who, through the eternal Sprit, offered himself without spot unto God,purge your conscience from dead works 12257-900709-1422 -Nu19.10 12258-900709-1430 -Nu19.11 unclean for one day was certainly designed to show the peculiar impurity and sinfulness of man, an the hatefulness of sin, seven times worse than the vilest animal! 12259-900709-1437 -Nu19.12 himself,' i.e. not add sin, but take it away, purify. So we say to fleece, and to skin, which do not signify to add a fleece, or a skin, but to take one away. 12260-900709-1440 -Nu19.13 12262-900709-1441 -Nu19.15 12263-900709-1443 -Nu19.16 12264-900709-1445 -Nu19.17 be given. 12265-900709-1450 -Nu19.18 12266-900709-1454 -Nu19.19 12267-900709-1456 -Nu19.20 12268-900709-1512 -Nu19.21 12269-900709-1513 -Nu19.22 12270-900711-0154 -Nu20.1 01 The children of Israel come to Zin, where Miriam dies. 02 They murmur for want of water 07 Moses smiting the rock, brings forth water at Meribah 14 Moses at Kadesh desires passage through Edom, which is denied him 22 At Mount Hor Aaron resigns his place to Eleazar, and dies departure from Egypt. This year was the last of their journeyings, for from the going out of the spies unto this time, was about thirty-eight years. from Kadesh-barnea, lying in, or adjoining to the wilderness of Paran, about eight leagues south of Hebron. Kadesh is called Rekam, by the Targumists, Rekem, in the Syriac, and Rakim, in Arabic. Rekem, says Rabbi Nissin, is on the east, meaning of the land of Israel. 12271-900711-0155 -Nu20.2 12272-900711-0155 -Nu20.3 12273-900711-0156 -Nu20.4 12274-900711-0156 -Nu20.5 12275-900711-0157 -Nu20.6 12277-900711-0158 -Nu20.8 12278-900711-0159 -Nu20.9 12279-900711-0200 -Nu20.10 12280-900711-0200 -Nu20.11 12281-900711-0201 -Nu20.12 12282-900711-0202 -Nu20.13 12283-900711-0203 -Nu20.14 12284-900711-0203 -Nu20.15 12285-900711-0204 -Nu20.16 12286-900711-0204 -Nu20.17 12288-900711-0205 -Nu20.19 12289-900711-0206 -Nu20.20 12290-900711-0641 -Nu20.21 12291-900711-0646 -Nu20.22 confines of Edom. It is described by Burckhardt, as being situated on the western side of a valley called Wady Mousa; in which are found the ruins of the ancient Petra, and which is two long days' journey north-east of Accaba (on the northern point of the Elanitic Gulf of the Red Sea,) in the Djebel Shera, or Mount Seir, and on the east side of the Araba, the valley which forms the continuation of that of the Jordan. On the summit of the mountain is the tomb of Haroun, or Aaron, which is held in great veneration by the Arabs; which agrees with the testimonies of Josephus, Eusebius, and Jerome, all persons well acquainted with these countries, who agree in proving that the sepulchre of Aaron, in Mount Hor, was near Petra. When visited by Mr. Legh, it was attended by a crippled Arab hermit, about 80 years of age, who conducted them into a small white building, crowned by a cupola, that contains the tomb of Aaron. The monument is of stone, about three feet high; and round the chamber where it stood were suspended beads, the votive offerings of the devotees. 12292-900711-0641 -Nu20.23 12293-900711-0646 -Nu20.24 12294-900711-0647 -Nu20.25 12295-900711-0648 -Nu20.26 12297-900711-0649 -Nu20.28 12298-900711-0649 -Nu20.29 12299-900711-0651 -Nu21.1 01 Israel destroys the Canaanites at Hormah 04 The people murmuring are plagued with fiery serpents 07 They repenting are healed by a brazen serpent 10 Sundry journeys of the Israelites 21 Sihon is overcome 33 And Og atharim, rendered spies in our version, is in the Greek a proper name. 12300-900711-0651 -Nu21.2 12301-900711-0653 -Nu21.3 destruction; for it is certain that these Canaanites and Arad were not utterly destroyed till the time of Joshua. the name to destruction; 12302-900711-0654 -Nu21.4 12303-900711-0655 -Nu21.5 12304-900711-0655 -Nu21.6 12305-900711-0657 -Nu21.7 12306-900711-0657 -Nu21.8 12307-900711-0658 -Nu21.9 12308-900711-0658 -Nu21.10 12309-900711-0659 -Nu21.11 Ptolemy. Pliny assigns it to the Helmodians; but Stephanus to the Nabatheans. 12310-900711-0659 -Nu21.12 12311-900711-0700 -Nu21.13 12312-900711-0704 -Nu21.14 the sense of this passage; 'From Vaheb in Suphah, and the torrents of Arnon, even the effusion of the torrents, which goeth down to the dwelling of Ar, and lieth for the boundary of Moab; even from thence to the well; (which is the well of which Jehovah spake unto Moses, Gather the people, and I will give them water. Then sang Israel this song; Spring up, O Well! Answer ye to it. The well, princes digged it; even nobles of the people digged it, by a decree, upon their border;) and from the wilderness (or the well, as in Lxx.) to Mattanah; and from Mattanah,' The whole of this, from ver. 14-20, is a fragement from 'the book of the wars of Jehovah,' probably a book of remembrances or directions written by Moses for the use of Joshua, and describes the several boundaries of the land of Moab. This rendering removes every obscurity, and obviates every difficulty. 12313-900711-0704 -Nu21.15 12314-900711-0705 -Nu21.16 12315-900711-0706 -Nu21.17 12316-900711-0706 -Nu21.18 12318-900711-0707 -Nu21.20 12319-900711-0708 -Nu21.21 12320-900711-0708 -Nu21.22 12321-900711-0708 -Nu21.23 12322-900711-0710 -Nu21.24 12323-900711-0711 -Nu21.25 twenty miles east of Jordan; and Jerome, who places it at the same distance, says it was, in his time, a very considerable city. It still subsists, in ruins, under the name of Heshban. 12324-900711-0713 -Nu21.26 of Moab, and, by a north-west course, during which it receives the waters of several streams, runs into the Dead sea. It is now called Wady Modjeb, and divides the province of Pelka from that of Kerek, as it formerly divided the kingdoms of the Moabites and Amorites. Its principal souce is at a short distance to the north-east of Katrance, a station of the Syrian Hadj, where it is called Seyl Sayde; and lower down it receives the name of Esseim el Kereim, or Szefye. 12325-900711-0713 -Nu21.27 12326-900718-1355 -Nu21.28 12327-900718-1358 -Nu21.29 12328-900718-1400 -Nu21.30 12329-900718-1402 -Nu21.31 12330-900718-1403 -Nu21.32 12331-900718-1407 -Nu21.33 12332-900718-1412 -Nu21.34 12333-900718-1414 -Nu21.35 12334-900718-1419 -Nu22.1 01 Balak's first message for Balaam is refused 15 His second message obtains him 22 An angle would have slain him, if he had not been saved by his ass 36 Balak entertains him 12335-900718-1420 -Nu22.2 12336-900718-1421 -Nu22.3 12337-900718-1424 -Nu22.4 12338-900718-1452 -Nu22.5 now given of Balaam's residence, instead of being particular, agrees with any place, in any country where there is a river; for he lived by `Pethor, which is by the river of the land of his people.' But was Petor, then, near the Nile in Egypt? Or in Canaan, near Jordan? Or in Mesopotamia, near the Euphrates, and belonging to the Ammonites? This last was in fact the case; and therefore, it is well that twelve Hebrews MSS.(with two of De Rossi's) confirm the Samaritan text here, in reading instead of Ammo, his people,' Ammon, with the Syriac and the Syriac and Vulgate versious." Houbigant justly contends for this reading; and necessity urges the propriety of adopting it: and it thus agrees with de 23.4 Ptolemy calls Pethor, Pachura, and Eusebius, Pathura; who places it in upper Mesopotamia. Calmet is of opinion, that it was situated towards Thapsacus, beyond the Euphrates. 12339-900718-1453 -Nu22.6 12340-900718-1454 -Nu22.7 12341-900718-1454 -Nu22.8 12342-900718-1455 -Nu22.9 12343-900718-1455 -Nu22.10 12344-900718-1456 -Nu22.11 12345-900718-1457 -Nu22.12 12346-900718-1458 -Nu22.13 12347-900718-1458 -Nu22.14 12348-900718-1459 -Nu22.15 12349-900718-1459 -Nu22.16 12350-900718-1503 -Nu22.17 and in after ages, that some men had the power, by the help of their gods, to devote, not only particular persons, but cities and whole armies, to destruction. This they are said to have done sometimes by words of imprecation; of which there was a set form among some people, which AEschines calls the determinate curse. Macrobius has a whole chapter on this subject. He gives us two of the ancient forms used in reference to the destruction of Carthage; the first, which was only pronounced by the dictator, or general, was to call over the protecting deities to their side, and the other to devote the city to destruction, which they were supposed to have abandoned. The Romans held, that no city would be taken till its tutelary god had forsaken it; or if it could be taken, it would be unlawful, as it would be sacrilege to lead the gods into captivity. Virgil intimates, that Troy was destroyed because All the gods, by whose assistance the empire had hitherto been preserved, forsook their altars and temples. 12351-900718-1504 -Nu22.18 12352-900718-1504 -Nu22.19 12353-900718-1505 -Nu22.20 12354-900718-1505 -Nu22.21 12355-900718-1506 -Nu22.22 12356-900718-1507 -Nu22.23 12358-900718-1507 -Nu22.25 12359-900718-1509 -Nu22.26 12360-900718-1509 -Nu22.27 12361-900718-1512 -Nu22.28 ass had opened her own mouth, and reproved the rash prophet, we might well be astonished; but when God opens the mouth, an ass can speak as well as a man. It is to no purpose to speak of the construction of the ass's mouth, of the formation of the tongue and jaws being unfit for speaking; for an adequate cause is assigned for this wonderful effect. The Lord opened the mouth of the ass; and no one who believes in a God, can doubt of his power to do this and much more. 12362-900718-1512 -Nu22.29 12363-900718-1513 -Nu22.30 ever since I was thine, or, ever since thou wast, unto 12364-900718-1513 -Nu22.31 12365-900718-1514 -Nu22.32 12366-900718-1515 -Nu22.33 12367-900718-1516 -Nu22.34 12368-900718-1516 -Nu22.35 12369-900718-1517 -Nu22.36 12370-900718-1517 -Nu22.37 12371-900718-1518 -Nu22.38 12372-900718-1518 -Nu22.39 now called Rabba, the capital of the Moabites; and being the royal city, distinguished by its streets. 12373-900718-1519 -Nu22.40 12374-900718-1520 -Nu22.41 the same as Bamoth mentioned in ch 21.19,20 evidently not far from Baal-meon, in the mountains of Abarim; for the Israelites were not encamped in the plains of Moab, which these mountains overlook. Baal, which signifies a lord or governor, was a name common to many idols; and probably here was the same as Chemosh, the god of Moab. 12375-900718-1522 -Nu23.1 01 Balak's sacrifices 31 Balaam's parables 12376-900718-1522 -Nu23.2 12377-900718-1523 -Nu23.3 12378-900718-1523 -Nu23.4 12379-900718-1524 -Nu23.5 12380-900718-1524 -Nu23.6 12381-900718-1527 -Nu23.7 authority, and also to compare, as a noun signifies whatever is expressed in parabolic or figurative language. All these oracular speeches of Balaam are in hemistich metre in the original. They are highly dignified and sublime; and may be considered as immediate poetic productions of the Spirit of God. 12382-900718-1528 -Nu23.8 12383-900718-1529 -Nu23.9 prophecy has been literally fulfilled, through a period of 3300 years, to the present day. dwell alone 12384-900718-1530 -Nu23.10 as to resemble the dust. the fourth 12385-900718-1531 -Nu23.11 12386-900718-1532 -Nu23.12 12387-900718-1532 -Nu23.13 12388-900718-1533 -Nu23.14 12389-900718-1534 -Nu23.15 12390-900718-1534 -Nu23.16 12391-900718-1535 -Nu23.17 12392-900718-1535 -Nu23.18 12393-900718-1536 -Nu23.19 12394-900718-1537 -Nu23.20 12395-900718-1538 -Nu23.21 12396-900718-1541 -Nu23.22 called from the horn on its nose. In size he is only exceeded by the elephant; and in strength and power inferior to none. He is at least twelve feet in length, from the snout to the tail; six or seven feet in height; and the circumference of the body is nearly equal to his length. He is particularly distinguished from all other animals by the remarkable and offensive weapon he carries on his nose; which is very hard horn, solid throughout, directed forward. He principally feeds upon large succulent plants, prickly shrubs, and branches; and delights in marshy places. 12397-900718-1542 -Nu23.23 12398-900718-1543 -Nu23.24 12399-900718-1543 -Nu23.25 12400-900718-1544 -Nu23.26 12401-900718-1544 -Nu23.27 12402-900718-1545 -Nu23.28 12403-900718-1545 -Nu23.29 12405-900718-1547 -Nu24.1 01 Balaam, leaving divinations, prophesies the happiness of Israel 10 Balak, in anger, dismisses him 15 He prophesies of the Star of Jacob, and the destruction of some nations 12406-900718-1548 -Nu24.2 12407-900718-1548 -Nu24.3 now opened 12408-900718-1549 -Nu24.4 12410-900718-1552 -Nu24.6 in the East Indies, is described as being eight or ten feet in height, with a stem the thickness of a man's thigh. At the top grows a large tuft of jagged and thick leaves, thick and indented, broad at the bottom, but growing narrower towards the point, and about four feet in length. The blossoms are red, intermingled with yellow, and double like cloves; from which comes a red and white fruit, of the size of a pea, oblong and triangular, with three apartments filled with seed. The tree has a very beautiful appearance; and a forest of them is said to bear a resemblance to a numberous encampment. 12411-900718-1553 -Nu24.7 12412-900718-1554 -Nu24.8 12413-900718-1554 -Nu24.9 12414-900718-1555 -Nu24.10 12415-900718-1555 -Nu24.11 12416-900718-1556 -Nu24.12 12418-900718-1556 -Nu24.14 12419-900718-1557 -Nu24.15 12420-900718-1557 -Nu24.16 12421-900718-1602 -Nu24.17 in the following manner; I shall see him, but not now; I shall behold him, but he is not near. When a king shall arise from the house of Jacob, and the Messiah be anointed from the house of Israel; he shall slay the princes of Moab, and rule over all the children of men. The marginal references will direct the reader to the fulfilment of these remarkable prophecies. Moab 12422-900718-1602 -Nu24.18 12423-900718-1603 -Nu24.19 12424-900718-1604 -Nu24.20 warred against Israel destruction 12425-900718-1605 -Nu24.21 12426-900718-1606 -Nu24.22 captive. or how long it be ere Asshur carry thee away captive? 12427-900718-1606 -Nu24.23 12428-900718-1607 -Nu24.24 12429-900718-1607 -Nu24.25 12430-900718-1609 -Nu25.1 01 Israel at Shittim commit whoredom and idolatry 06 Phinehas kills Zimri and Cozbi 10 God therefore gives him an everlasting priesthood 16 The Midianites are to be vexed 12431-900718-1610 -Nu25.2 12432-900718-1611 -Nu25.3 12433-900718-1612 -Nu25.4 texts must be united to make the sense of this verse complete: And the Lord said unto Moses, Speak unto all the heads of the people; and let them slay the men that were joined to Baal-peor; and hang them up before the Lord, against the sun. 12434-900718-1613 -Nu25.5 12435-900718-1614 -Nu25.6 12436-900718-1614 -Nu25.7 12437-900718-1615 -Nu25.8 12438-900718-1616 -Nu25.9 names, the 1000 men who were slain in consequence of the judicial examination, as well as the 23,000 who died of the plague; while St. Paul only refers to the latter. 12440-900718-1617 -Nu25.11 12441-900718-1617 -Nu25.12 12442-900718-1619 -Nu25.13 12443-900718-1619 -Nu25.14 12444-900718-1620 -Nu25.15 12446-900718-1621 -Nu25.17 of Moab; but probably the Midianitish women, especially of the higher ranks, as Cozbi was, were the principal tempters; and the nation of Midian seems to have come into the execrable measure more generally and heartily than that of Moab; they were therefore first selected to be made examples of, for a warning to the Moabites, who were spared at this time. 12447-900718-1622 -Nu25.18 12448-900719-1314 -Nu26.1 01 The sum of all Israel is taken in the plains of Moab 52 The law of dividing among them the inheritance of the land 57 The families and number of the Levites 63 None was left off them which were numbered at Sinai, but Caleb and Joshua 12449-900719-1316 -Nu26.2 generation, which provoked the Lord to swear in his wrath that they should not enter Canaan; he now, after an interval of 38 years, commands another census of the Israelites to be made, to preserve the distinction of families, and to regulate the tribes previous to their entry into the promised land, as well as to ascertain the proportion of land which should be allotted to each tribe. For, though the whole was divided by lot, yet the portions were so disposed, that a numerous tribe did not draw where the lots assigned small inheritances, or the contrary. 12450-900719-1317 -Nu26.3 12451-900719-1317 -Nu26.4 12452-900719-1317 -Nu26.5 12454-900719-1318 -Nu26.7 12456-900719-1318 -Nu26.9 12457-900719-1320 -Nu26.10 swallowed up, but that he was burnt, as appears to have been the fact; and the Psalmist also, only mentions Dathan and Abiram as having been swallowed up. And the earth swallowed them up, what time that company died; and the fire devoured Korah with the 250 men, who became a sign. They became a sign. 12458-900719-1322 -Nu26.11 and the little ones of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram, were swallowed up; but the text here expressly affirms, that the children of Korah died not; and their descendants were famous even in David's time. On a close inspection, however, of ver. 27, we shall find, that the sons and the little ones of Dathan and Abiram alone are mentioned. 12459-900719-1322 -Nu26.12 12460-900719-1322 -Nu26.13 12461-900719-1324 -Nu26.14 renders it highly probable, that, influenced by the bad example of Zimri, the Simeonites had been peculiarly criminal in the late wickedness, and that multitudes of them had died of the plague. It is remarkable, that Moses, in De. ch. 33, bestows no blessing upon this tribe. 12462-900719-1324 -Nu26.15 12463-900719-1325 -Nu26.16 12464-900719-1325 -Nu26.17 12465-900719-1325 -Nu26.18 12466-900719-1326 -Nu26.19 12467-900719-1327 -Nu26.20 12468-900719-1327 -Nu26.21 12469-900719-1328 -Nu26.22 12470-900719-1328 -Nu26.23 12471-900719-1329 -Nu26.24 12472-900719-1329 -Nu26.25 12473-900719-1329 -Nu26.26 12474-900719-1329 -Nu26.27 12475-900719-1330 -Nu26.28 12476-900719-1330 -Nu26.29 12477-900719-1331 -Nu26.30 12480-900719-1331 -Nu26.33 12481-900719-1331 -Nu26.34 12482-900719-1332 -Nu26.35 12484-900719-1332 -Nu26.37 12485-900719-1332 -Nu26.38 12486-900719-1333 -Nu26.39 12487-900719-1334 -Nu26.40 12488-900719-1334 -Nu26.41 12489-900719-1335 -Nu26.42 12490-900719-1335 -Nu26.43 12491-900719-1335 -Nu26.44 12493-900719-1336 -Nu26.46 12494-900719-1336 -Nu26.47 12495-900719-1336 -Nu26.48 12496-900719-1337 -Nu26.49 12497-900719-1337 -Nu26.50 12498-900719-1342 -Nu26.51 the tribes had increased, and other had diminished, since the enumeration in ch 1: Now Before 1. Reuben 43,730 46,500 2. Simeon 22,200 59,300 3. Gad 40,500 45,650 4. Judah 76,500 74,600 5. Issachar 64,300 54,400 6. Zebulun 60,500 57,400 7. Manasseh 52,700 32,200 8. Ephraim 32,500 40,500 9. Benjamin 45,600 35,400 10.Dan 64,400 62,700 11.Asher 53,400 41,500 12.Naphtali 45,400 53,400 Total 601,730 603,550 It should be oberserved, that among these there was not one of the former census, except Joshua and Caleb. Thus, though there was such an amazing increase in seven tribes, yet so great was the decrease in the other five tribes, that the balance against the present census is 1,820. Notwithstanding the amazing increase in some, and decrease in other tribes, the same sort of proportion is kept in their several divisions; so as to keep the division in the front the largest, and that in the rear the next. 12500-900719-1343 -Nu26.53 12501-900719-1343 -Nu26.54 his. 12502-900719-1344 -Nu26.55 12503-900719-1351 -Nu26.56 quarter, or situation, which each tribe was to possess, and not to the quantity or extent of land, which was to be proportioned to the numbers of each tribe, according to the register now formed. Thus, for instance, it was determined by lot which of the twelve tribes was to inherit in the south, which in the north, etc.; then, in that quarter where the lot fell, a larger or smaller portion of land was assigned them, according to the goodness of the soil, and in proportion as they were more or less numerous. Thus the decreasing of any tribe in the wilderness, proved the decrease of their future political importance and affluence in all succeeding ages. This equal division of property was, under God, the great bulwark and strength of the Hebrew commonwealth. According to the most exact calculatioins, Canaan contained 14,976,000 acres; which, divided among 600,000 men, will allow of more than 21 acres and a half to each, with a remainder of 1,976,000 acres for the princes of tribes, Levitical cities; so that there was an ample provision to enable each person, with all the advantages of that fertile country and fine climate, to live, if not in affluent, yet in very comfortable ciircumstances. Canaan lies between lat. 31 degrees and 33 degrees 30' north and long. 35 degrees and 37 degrees east; its length, from the city of Dan to Beersheba, is about 200 miles; and its breadth, from the shores of the Mediterranean to the eastern borders, about 90. The Canaanites, the descendants of Canaan, son of Ham, and the original inhabitants of the land, were divided into seven principal nations, the Amorites, Hittites, Jebusites, Girgashites, Canaanites, Perizzites, and Hivites, and formed themselves into almost as many kingdoms as they had cities. After their defeat by the Israelites, such as escaped the sword became tributary; but in process of time, haviing seduced them to their idolatires, they recovered many of the strongest places in the country; and even formed themselves into a mighty kingdom in Galilee. They were, however, again defeated by Barak, but were not finally subdued till the reign of David and Solomon; the latter of whom employed 153,600 in the most servile parts of the work of building the temple, palace, etc. 12504-900719-1352 -Nu26.57 12505-900719-1352 -Nu26.58 12506-900719-1352 -Nu26.59 12507-900719-1353 -Nu26.60 12508-900719-1353 -Nu26.61 12509-900719-1354 -Nu26.62 12510-900719-1354 -Nu26.63 12511-900719-1354 -Nu26.64 12512-900719-1355 -Nu26.65 12513-900719-1401 -Nu27.1 01 The daughters of Zelophehad sue for an inheritance 06 The law of inheritances 12 Moses, being told of his death, sues for a successor 18 Joshua is appointed to succeed him just given, no provision had been made for females, in case of failure of male issue. The five daughters of Zelophehad, therefore, considered themselves as destitute, having neither father nor brother, and being themselves entirely overlooked; and they agreed to refer the case to Moses and the rulers, whether it were not equitable that they should inherit their father's portion. This led to the enactment of an additional law to the civil code of Israel, which satisfactorily ascertained and amply secured the right of succession in cases of inheritance. This law, which is as reasonable as it is just, stands thus: --1. On the demise of the father, the estate descends to the sons. 2. If there be no son, the daughters succeed. 3.If there be no daughter, the brothers of the deceased inherit. 4. If there be no brethren, or paternal uncles, the estate goes to the grand uncles, or brothers of his father. 5. If there be no grand uncles, then the nearest of kin succeeds to the inheritance. Beyond this fifth degree the law does not extend, because there must always have been some among the Israelites who could be called kinsmen. Zelophehad. 12514-900719-1401 -Nu27.2 12515-900719-1404 -Nu27.3 in the wilderness, leaving no sons; nor was he among those who rebelled against the Lord with Korah, who died on account of his own sin. Professor Dathe, however, understands by his own sin, that sin which was common to all the Israelites, who died on account of their unbelief. died in the 12516-900719-1404 -Nu27.4 12517-900719-1404 -Nu27.5 12518-900719-1405 -Nu27.6 12519-900719-1405 -Nu27.7 12523-900719-1406 -Nu27.11 12524-900719-1406 -Nu27.12 12525-900719-1407 -Nu27.13 12526-900719-1407 -Nu27.14 12528-900719-1411 -Nu27.16 address sufficiently proves, that this holy man believed man to be compounded of flesh and spirit, and that these principles are perfectly distinct. Either the materiality of the soul is a human fable, or, if it be a true doctrine, Moses did not pray under the influence of the Divine Spirit. There is a similar form of expression in ch. 16.22: O God, the God of the spirits of all flesh; and in Job 12.10, In whose hand is the soul of all living; and the spirit of all flesh of man. These seem decisive proofs, among many others, that the Old Testament teaches that there is an immortal spirit in man; for though rooach sometimes denotes breath or wind, yet it certainly has not that signification here, nor in the other passages cited. the God 12529-900719-1412 -Nu27.17 12530-900719-1413 -Nu27.18 12531-900719-1414 -Nu27.19 12532-900719-1414 -Nu27.20 12533-900719-1416 -Nu27.21 12535-900719-1416 -Nu27.23 12536-900719-1417 -Nu28.1 01 Offerings are to be observed 03 The continual burnt offering 09 The offering on the sabbath 11 On the new Moons 16 At the passover 26 In the day of the first-fruits. 12537-900719-1421 -Nu28.2 tabernacle having, probably, been greatly interrupted for several years, and a new generation having arisen, who were children or minors when the law was given respecting these ordinances; and as they were now about to enter into the promised land, where they must be established and constantly observed; God commands Moses to repeat them to the people in the following order: --1. Daily: the morning and evening sacrifices; a lamb each time. 2. Weekly: the sabbath offerings; two lambs of a year old. 3. Monthly: at the beginning of each month, two young bullocks, one ram, and seven lambs of a year old, and a he-goat. The day of first-fruits; the sacrifices the same as on the beginning of the month. 12538-900719-1421 -Nu28.3 12539-900719-1422 -Nu28.4 12540-900719-1423 -Nu28.5 12541-900719-1423 -Nu28.6 12542-900719-1424 -Nu28.7 12544-900719-1425 -Nu28.9 12545-900719-1425 -Nu28.10 12546-900719-1426 -Nu28.11 12547-900719-1427 -Nu28.12 12548-900719-1427 -Nu28.13 12550-900719-1427 -Nu28.15 12551-900719-1428 -Nu28.16 12552-900719-1428 -Nu28.17 12553-900719-1429 -Nu28.18 12554-900719-1429 -Nu28.19 12557-900719-1429 -Nu28.22 12558-900719-1430 -Nu28.23 12560-900719-1430 -Nu28.25 12561-900719-1431 -Nu28.26 12562-900719-1433 -Nu28.27 in this chapter, which were chiefly for the benefit of the offerers, and therefore in them they were left more to themselves; but burnt offerings, which were purely for the honour of God, and confessions of his dominion, and which figured evangelical piety and devotion, by which they should is wholly offered up to God, in the flames of holy love; and sin offerings, which were typical of Christ's sacrifice of himself, by which we and our services are perfected and sanctified. 12565-900719-1434 -Nu28.30 12566-900719-1434 -Nu28.31 12567-900719-1446 -Nu29.1 01 The offering at the feast of trumpets 07 At the day of afflicting their souls 12 And on the eight days of the feast of tabernacles their ecclesiastical year, but the first of their civil year, answering to our September. This, which was their new year's day, was a time of great festivity, and ushered in by the blowing of trumpets; whence it was also called the feast of blowing the trumpets. In imitation of this Jewish festival, different nations began the new year with sacrifices and festivity. The ancient Egyptians did so; and the Persians also celebrated their new year's day, which they held on the vernal equinox, and which lasted ten days, during which all ranks seemed to participate in one general joy. The rich sent presents to the poor; all were dressed in their holiday clothes; all kept open house; and religious processions, music, dancing, a species of theatrical exhibition, rustic sports, and other pastimes, presented a continued round of varied amusement. Even the dead, and the ideal beings were not forgotten; rich viands being placed on the tops of houses and high towers, on the flavour of which the Peris, and spirits of their departed hereoes and friends, were supposed to feast. After the Mohammedan conquest of Persia, the celebration of this period sensibly declined, and at last totally ceased, till the time of Jelaladdin, about A.D. 1082 who, coming to the crown at the vernal equinox, re-established the ancient festival, which has ever since been celebrated with pomp and acclamations. regulated by the new moons; and it is probable that the solemn sacrifices were appointed by God, to prevent the idolatry which was usual among the heathen at this period; who expressed the most extravagant rejoicings on the first appearance of the new moon. Moses, however, used the return of the moon only as one of the most natural and convenient measures of time; and appointed sacrifices to Jehovah, to preent the Israelites from falling into the idolatries of their heathen neighbours. In the serene climate of Arabia and Judea, its first faint cresent is, for the most part, visible to all. blowing 12568-900719-1446 -Nu29.2 12571-900719-1447 -Nu29.5 12572-900719-1448 -Nu29.6 12573-900719-1449 -Nu29.7 12574-900719-1449 -Nu29.8 12575-900719-1449 -Nu29.9 12577-900719-1450 -Nu29.11 12578-900719-1455 -Nu29.12 commemoration of their dwelling in tents in the wilderness for forty years. The first and last days were to be kept as sabbaths, on which there were solemn assbmelies; and for seven days sacrifices were offered. On the other festivals, two bullocks sufficed, and on the festival at the beginning of this month, only one was appointed; but on the first day of this festival, thirteen young bullocks were appointed; and so on each successive day, with the decrease of only one bullock, till on the seventh day, there were only seven, making in all seventy bullocks. The lambs, and the rams also, were in a double proportion to the number sacrified at any other festival. This was an expensive service; but more easy at this time of the year than any other, as Bishop Patrick observes, because now their barns were full, and their wine-presses overflowed; and their hearts might well be supposed to be more enlarged than at other times, in thankfulness to God for the multitude of his mercies. The Jewish doctors give this reason for the daily diminution of the number of the bullocks; the whole number, say they, was according to the languages of the seventy nations of the world; and the diminution of one every day signified, that there should be a gradual diminution of those nations till all things were brought under the government of the Messiah; in whose days no sacrifices shall remain, but those of thanksgiving, prayer, and praise. 12579-900719-1457 -Nu29.13 were to be offered. It is worthy of remark, that in each of the seven days of this feast one bullock is to be abated, so that on the seventh day they were to offer seven bullocks, but the rams and lambs were every day alike; which appointment might signify a diminishing and wearing away of the legal offerings, to lead them to the spiritual and reasonable service, by presenting their own bodies a living sacrifice, holy, and acceptable unto God. 12582-900719-1458 -Nu29.16 12583-900719-1458 -Nu29.17 12584-900719-1459 -Nu29.18 12585-900719-1459 -Nu29.19 12587-900719-1500 -Nu29.21 12588-900719-1500 -Nu29.22 12591-900719-1501 -Nu29.25 12601-900719-1507 -Nu29.35 and esteemed the chief or high day of the feast, yet fewer sacrifices are appointed for it than for any of the foregoing seven. On every one of them two rams and fourteen lambs were offered; but on this day there were but half as many; and whereas seven bullocks were the fewest that were offered on any of those days, on this there was only one. At this feast, there was an extraordinary ceremony of which the rabbins inform us, namely, the drawing water out of the pool of Siloam, and pouring it, mixed with wine, on the sacrifice as it lay on the altar. This they are said to have done with such expressions of joy, that it became a common proverb. He that never saw the rejoicing of drawing of water, never saw rejoicing in all his life. The Jews pretend to ground this custom on the following passage of Isaiah, With joy shall ye draw water out of the wells of salvation; and to this ceremony Jesus is supposed to refer, when in the last day, the great day of the feast, he stood and cried, saying, If any man thirst, let him come unto me, and drink; he that believeth on me, as the Scripture saith, out of his belly shall flow rivers of living water, thereby calling off the people from their carnal mirth and festive and pompous ceremonies, to seek spiritual refreshment for their minds. 12605-900719-1511 -Nu29.39 in these two chapters, that there were annually offered to God, at the public charge, independently of a prodigious number of voluntary, vow, and trespass offerings, 15 goats, 21 kids, 72 rams, 132 bullocks, and 1101 lambs. But how little is all this compared with the lambs slain every year at the passover. Cestius, the Roman general, asked the priests how many persons had come to Jerusalem at their annual festivals; the priests, numbering the people by the lambs that had been slain, said, twenty-five myriads, 5000, and 500. 12606-900719-1511 -Nu29.40 12607-900719-1512 -Nu30.1 01 Vows are not to be broken 03 The exceptions of a maid's vows 06 Of a wife's 09 Of a widow's or her that is divorced 12608-900719-1515 -Nu30.2 required by law; and in the laws here delivered in respect to vows must have been very useful, as they both prevented and annulled rash vows, and provided a proper sanction for the support and performance of those which were rationally made, and which were made to the Lord. vow a vow 12610-900719-1516 -Nu30.4 12611-900719-1516 -Nu30.5 12612-900719-1516 -Nu30.6 12614-900719-1517 -Nu30.8 12615-900719-1517 -Nu30.9 12618-900719-1518 -Nu30.12 12619-900719-1518 -Nu30.13 12620-900719-1519 -Nu30.14 12621-900719-1519 -Nu30.15 12622-900719-1519 -Nu30.16 12623-900723-1432 -Nu31.1 01 The Midianites are spoiled, and Balaam slain 13 Moses is wroth with the officers, for saving the women alive 19 How the soldiers, with their captives and spoil, are to be purified 25 The proportion in which the prey is to be divided 48 The voluntary oblation unto the treasure of the Lord 12624-900723-1437 -Nu31.2 12625-900723-1501 -Nu31.3 they were now to take up. These people were idolaters, and had seduced the Israelites to practise the same abominations. Idolatry is an offence against God; and the civil power has no authority to meddle with what belongs to him, without especial directions, certified, as in this case, in the most unequivocal manner. Private revenge, ambition, or avarice were to have no place in this business: Jerovah is to be avenged; and through Him, the children of Israel, because they were nearly ruined by their idolatries. If Jehovah, instead of punishing sinners by earthquakes, pestilence, or famine,is please expressly to command any person or people to avenge his cause, this commision justified, nay sanctifies, war, massacre, or devastation. Though none at present shew such a commision, yet the Isaelites could; and it is therefore absurd to censure Mose,Joshua, and Isael, for the dreadful slaughter made by them. God himself passed sentence of condemmation, and employed them merely as ministers of his vengeance; and unless it could be proved that the criminals did not deserve their doom, or that God had no right to punish his rebellious creatures, such objectors only shew their enmity to God by becoming the unsolicited advocates of his enemies. 12626-900723-1525 -Nu31.4 12628-900723-1534 -Nu31.6 proportion to all Israel, or to the forces which they encounter. As they were under the conduct of captains of thousands and hundreds, they probably had no general; for Phinehas seems to have accompanied them simply to take charge of `the holy instruments;' probably the ark and silver trumpets. Phinehas 12629-900723-1536 -Nu31.7 12630-900723-1538 -Nu31.8 12631-900723-1539 -Nu31.9 12632-900723-1541 -Nu31.10 12633-900723-1541 -Nu31.11 12634-900723-1542 -Nu31.12 12635-900723-1551 -Nu31.13 12636-900723-1555 -Nu31.14 12637-900723-1557 -Nu31.15 12638-900723-1600 -Nu31.16 12639-900726-1321 -Nu31.17 children, as incapable of resisting; but the sword of justice knows no distinction, except that of guilty or not guilty, or more or less guilty. This was the execution of a righteous sentence upon a guilty nation, in which the women were the greatest criminals; and it may safely be said, that their lives were forfeited by their personal transgressions. With respect to the execution of the male infants, who cannot be supposed to have been guilty, God, the author and supporter of life, who has a right to dispose of it when and how he thinks proper, commanded it; and 'shall not the Judge of all the earth do right?' 12640-900726-1324 -Nu31.18 that Moses here authorised the Israelites to make concubines of the whole number of female children; and an insidious objection against his writings has been grounded upon this monstrous supposition. But the whole tenor of the law, and especially a stature recorded in De. 21.10-14, proves most decisively to the contrary. They were merely permitted to possess them as female slaves, educating them in their families, and employing them as domestics; for the laws concerning fornication, concubinage, and marriage, were in full force, and prohibited an Israelite even from marrying a captive, without delays and previous formalities; and if he afterwards divorced her, he was to set here at liberty, 'because he had humbled her.' 12641-900726-1328 -Nu31.19 God, yet they had contracted pollution by touching the dead; and the spoil having been used by idolaters, must also be purified in the prescribed manner. 12642-900726-1328 -Nu31.20 12643-900726-1329 -Nu31.21 12645-900726-1330 -Nu31.23 12646-900726-1330 -Nu31.24 12648-900726-1331 -Nu31.26 12649-900726-1332 -Nu31.27 12650-900726-1332 -Nu31.28 12651-900726-1333 -Nu31.29 12652-900726-1334 -Nu31.30 12654-900726-1342 -Nu31.32 Israelites, in this war with the Midianites, took 32,000 female prisoners, 61,000 asses, 72,000 beeves, and 675,000 sheep and small cattle; besides the immense number of males who fell in battle, and the women and children who were slain by the divine command. This booty was divided into equal parts, by which partition a far larger share was justly given to the warriors employed on the expedition, who were only 12,000, than to those, who being equally willing to go, were ordered to stay in the camp. Each party was to give a certain porportion to Jehovah, as their sovereign, in grateful acknowledgement that to him they owed their success. The soldiers to give to the Lord one out of every five hundred persons, beeves, asses, and sheep. and the people, who by staying at home risked nothing, and had no fatigue, were to give one out of fifty of each of the above to the Levites, who were far more numerous than the priests. The booty, its division among the soldiers and people, and the proportion given by each to the Lord and to the Levites, will be seen at one view by the following table:-- Sheep ..... 675,000 To soldiers ....337,500 To God ......... 675 To people ......337,500 To Levites...... 6,750 Beeves...... 72,000 To soldiers..... 36,000 To God ......... 72 To people....... 36,000 To Levites...... 720 Asses........61,000 To soldiers..... 30,500 To God.......... 61 To people....... 30,500 To Levites...... 610 Persons...... 32,000 To soldiers..... 16,000 To God.......... 32 To people....... 16,000 To Levites...... 320 It does not appear that a single ox, sheep, or ass, was required by Moses as his portion; or that there was any given to him by the people; and though he had a family as well as others, yet no provision was made for them above the common lot of Levites! 12663-900726-1342 -Nu31.41 12669-900726-1343 -Nu31.47 12671-900726-1349 -Nu31.49 12672-900726-1409 -Nu31.50 their men, found they had not lost a man in the contest with Midian! Penetrated with gratitude for this most remarkable interposition of Providence in their favour, they now offer to Jehovah the golden jewels which they had found among the spoil, to the amount of 16,750 shekels, equal to l37,869 16s 5d of our money. an oblation 12673-900726-1410 -Nu31.51 12674-900726-1410 -Nu31.52 12675-900726-1411 -Nu31.53 12676-900726-1412 -Nu31.54 12677-900726-1416 -Nu32.1 01 The Reubenites and Gadites sue for their inheritance on the east side of Jordan 06 Moses reproves them 16 They offer him conditions with which he is content 33 Moses assigns them the land 39 They conquer it. 12679-900726-1503 -Nu32.3 12680-900726-1420 -Nu32.4 12681-900726-1422 -Nu32.5 12682-900726-1422 -Nu32.6 12683-900726-1507 -Nu32.7 12684-900726-1424 -Nu32.8 12685-900726-1424 -Nu32.9 12686-900726-1424 -Nu32.10 12687-900726-1425 -Nu32.11 12688-900726-1425 -Nu32.12 12689-900726-1426 -Nu32.13 12690-900726-1427 -Nu32.14 12691-900726-1428 -Nu32.15 12692-900726-1431 -Nu32.16 faithfully executed; though it did not imply that all men capable of bearing arms should go, and so leave their families and possessions defenceless, but only a sufficient detachment of them. Among the inhabitants of the land were the Ammonites, Moabites, Idumeans, and the remains of the Midianites and Amorites; and as it was impossible for the women and children to keep the defenced cities, when placed in them, many of the men of war must of course stay behind. In the last census, the tribe of Reuben consisted of 43,730 men; the tribe of Gad 40,500; and the tribe of Manasseh 52,700; the half of which is 26,350; which together amount to 110,580. Now from Jos 4.13 we learn, that of these tribes only 40,000 armed men passed over Jordan to assist their brethren; consequently 70,580 men were left behind for the defence of the women, the children, and the flocks; which was amply sufficient for this purpose. 12693-900726-1432 -Nu32.17 12694-900726-1432 -Nu32.18 12695-900726-1433 -Nu32.19 12696-900726-1434 -Nu32.20 12698-900726-1434 -Nu32.22 12699-900726-1439 -Nu32.23 so imposed on men, or if they afterwards refused to fulfil their engagement, God would most certainly detect and expose their wickedness, and inflict condign punishment upon them. Of all the ways, says Dr. South, to be taken for the prevention of that great plague of mankind, Sin, there is none so rational and efficacious as to confute and baffle those motives by which men are induced to embrace it; and among all such motives, the heart of man seems to be chiefly overpowered and prevailed upon by two, viz. secrecy in committing sin, and impounity with respect to its consequences. Accordingly, Moses, in this chapter, having to deal with a company of men suspected of a base and fraudulent design, though couched under a very fair pretence, as most such designs are, endeavours to quash it in its very conception, by secretly applying himself to encounter those secret motives and arguments, which he knew were the most likely to encourage them in it. And this he does very briefly, but effectually, by assuring them, that how covertly and artifically soever they might carry on their dark project, yet their sin would infallibly find them out. Though the subject and occasion of these words are indeed particular, yet the design of them is manifestly of an universal import, as reaching the case of all transgressors, in their first entrance on any sinful act or course. ro 2.9 1co 4.5 12700-900726-1439 -Nu32.24 12701-900726-1440 -Nu32.25 12703-900726-1440 -Nu32.27 12704-900726-1440 -Nu32.28 12705-900726-1441 -Nu32.29 12706-900726-1441 -Nu32.30 12709-900726-1442 -Nu32.33 12710-900726-1444 -Nu32.34 river Arnon. Burckhardt says, that when he was about an hour's distance north of the Modjeb or Arnon, he was shown to the N.E. the ruins of Diban, the ancient Dibon, situated in the low ground of the Koura, or plains of Moab. on the north bank of the river Arnon. This is confirmed by Burckhardt, who says it is called Araayr, and is seated on the edge of the precipice, at the foot of which the river flows. 12711-900726-1445 -Nu32.35 12712-900726-1448 -Nu32.36 Bethnabris mentioned by Eusebius, five miles north from Livias. Burckhardt says, that 'in the valley of the Jordan, south of Abou Obeida, are the ruins of Nemrim, probably the Beth-nimrah of the Scriptures.' 12713-900726-1454 -Nu32.37 It is now called El Aal, 'the high,' and is situated on a hill. 12714-900726-1458 -Nu32.38 miles from Heshbon, at the foot of mount Abarim. names of the cities. 12715-900726-1459 -Nu32.39 12716-900726-1459 -Nu32.40 12717-900726-1500 -Nu32.41 12719-900726-1501 -Nu33.1 01 The two and forty journeys of the Israelites 50 The Canaanites are to be destroyed 12720-900726-1502 -Nu33.2 12721-900726-1503 -Nu33.3 12722-900726-1504 -Nu33.4 12723-900726-1505 -Nu33.5 Goshen, and the rendezvous of the Israelites. It is placed by Jerome in the extremity of Egypt, in the Arsenoitic name. 12724-900726-1507 -Nu33.6 Scenas Mandrorum, in the Antonine Itinerary. The Editor of Calmet places it at Birket el Hadji, or 'the Pilgrims' pool, a few miles east of Cairo. Etham. This was evidently situated towards the north point of the Red sea. Calmet supposes it to be the same as Buthus or Butham, mentioned by Herodotus, who places it in Arabia, on the frontiers of Egypt. 12725-900726-1508 -Nu33.7 Greeks, and the Kolzum of the Arabians. His learned Editor thinks the true situation of Baal-zephon wa some miles more northerly than the present Suez. 12726-900726-1509 -Nu33.8 particular district of the wilderness of Etham. 12727-900726-1509 -Nu33.9 12728-900726-1510 -Nu33.10 12732-900726-1510 -Nu33.14 12733-900726-1511 -Nu33.15 12734-900726-1511 -Nu33.16 12735-900726-1512 -Nu33.17 12736-900726-1513 -Nu33.18 Kadesh Barnea; probably so called from the great number of juniper trees, as the name signifies, growning in that district. 12737-900726-1514 -Nu33.19 Simeon 12739-900726-1515 -Nu33.21 by the Editor of Calmet, to be the same with the present El Arish, a village three quarters of a league from the Mediterranean, and the last stage in Syria, on the road to Egypt. 12742-900726-1517 -Nu33.24 be now in the regular track from Gaza to Egypt, is of opinion that mount Shapher is the ancient name of mount Cassius, Catjeh, or Catie, a huge mole of sand, almost surrounded by the Mediterranean, on which was built a temple to Jupiter Cassius. Thevenot states, that at the village of Catie there is a well of water unpleasant for drinking; but two miles off, another whose water is good after standing a little. 12748-900726-1519 -Nu33.30 Mousa, (probably a corruption of Moseroth) or fountains of Moses, at the head of the western gulf of the Red Sea, about seven or eight miles east from Suez, seven or eight days' journey from Gaza, and five or six from Sinai. 12749-900726-1519 -Nu33.31 12750-900726-1520 -Nu33.32 12751-900726-1521 -Nu33.33 in the track of the Mecca pilgrims, supposes Jotbathah, which is described as 'a land of brooks of water,' to be Callah Nahar, a torrent, said to be good water by Dr. Shaw 12752-900726-1521 -Nu33.34 nearer Accaba 12753-900726-1523 -Nu33.35 the Elanitic gulf of the Red Sea. He says it is now called Meenah el Dsahab, or the golden port, by the Arabs; because it was from this place that Solomon sent his ships to Ophir. He supposes it to be about sixty miles from Sinai; and it is probable that it was near the present Accaba, i.e. the end of the sea. 12754-900726-1523 -Nu33.36 12755-900726-1523 -Nu33.37 12756-900726-1524 -Nu33.38 12758-900726-1524 -Nu33.40 12759-900726-1524 -Nu33.41 12760-900726-1525 -Nu33.42 and Zoar. Perhaps it is the present Tafyle, mentioned by Burckhardt. 12761-900726-1525 -Nu33.43 12762-900726-1526 -Nu33.44 12764-900726-1526 -Nu33.46 12765-900726-1530 -Nu33.47 east of Jordan, and north and west of the Arnon. Nebo, Pisgah, and Peor, were but different names of the hills of which they were composed. Eusebius and Jerome inform us, that some part of them, as one went up to Heshbon, retained the old name of Abarim in their time; and that the part called Nebo was opposite Jericho, not far from the Jordan, six miles west from Heshbon, and seven east from Livias. Dr. Shaw describes them as 'an exceeding high ridge of desolate mountains, no otherwise diversified than by a succession of naked rocks and precipices; rendered in some places the more frightful by a multiplicity of torrents, which fall on each side of them. This ridge is continued all along the eastern coast of the Dead Sea.' Mount Nebo is now called Djebel Attarous; and is described as a barren mountain, the highest point in the neighbourhood, with an uneven plain on the top. 12766-900726-1530 -Nu33.48 12767-900726-1531 -Nu33.49 Eusebius, east of Jordan, and about ten miles south of Jericho. to Josephus who calls it Abela, was 60 furlongs east of Jordan 12768-900726-1532 -Nu33.50 12769-900726-1532 -Nu33.51 12770-900726-1533 -Nu33.52 12771-900726-1534 -Nu33.53 12772-900726-1535 -Nu33.54 the place 12773-900726-1536 -Nu33.55 12774-900726-1536 -Nu33.56 12775-900726-1537 -Nu34.1 01 The borders of the land 16 The names of the men who shall divide the land 12776-900726-1538 -Nu34.2 12777-900726-1542 -Nu34.3 Sea, is, according to the most authentic accounts, about 70 miles in length, and 18 in breadth. Viewing this sea from the spot where the Jordan discharges its waters into it, it takes a south-easterly direction, visible for ten or fifteen miles, when it disappears in a curve towards the east. Its surface is generally unruffled, from the hollow of the basin in which it lies scarcely admitting the free passage necessary for a strong breeze; it is however, for the same reason, subject to whirlwinds or squalls of short duration. The mountains on each side are apprently separated by a distance of eight miles; but the expanse of water at this point has been supposed not to exceed five or six; as it advances towards the south, it evidently increases in breadth. The acrid saltness of its waters is much greater than that of the sea; and of such specific gravity that bodies will float on it that would sink in common sea-water. It is probably on this account that few fish can live in it; though the monks of St. Saba affirmed to Dr. Shaw, that they had seen fish caught in it. 12778-900726-1542 -Nu34.4 12779-900726-1543 -Nu34.5 12780-900726-1543 -Nu34.6 12781-900726-1544 -Nu34.7 12782-900726-1544 -Nu34.8 12783-900726-1544 -Nu34.9 12785-900726-1546 -Nu34.11 12786-900726-1546 -Nu34.12 12787-900726-1546 -Nu34.13 12788-900726-1547 -Nu34.14 12789-900726-1549 -Nu34.15 and Og, the two vanquished kings of the Amorites, which extended from the Arnon to Mount Hermon. Of those countires, Moses gave to the tribe of Reuben the south-west part, which was bounded on the south by the river Arnon, on the west by Jordan, and on the north and east by the tribe of Gad. The tribe of Gad was bounded by the river Jordan and tribe of Reuben on the west, by the half tribe of Manasseh on the north, by the kingdom of the Amorites and Arabia Deserta on the East, and by the tribe of Reuben on the south. The part belonging to the tribe of Manasseh was bounded by the tribe of Gad on the south, by the sea of Galilee and part of Jordan on the west, by Hermon and Lebanon on the north, and by the mountains of Trachonitis on the east. on this side Jordan. 12791-900726-1552 -Nu34.17 follow any order hitherto used in arranging the tribes, but places them exactly in the order in which they possessed the land, and according to their fraternal relationship. Judah is first, having the first lot, in the South and next him is Simeon, because his inheritance was within the inheritance of the children of Judah. Benjamin, the third, had his portion between Judah and the children of Joseph. Dan was the fourth, and his lot was westward of Benjamin. Manasseh and his brother Ephraim had their inheritances behind that of Benjamin. Next there dwelt Zebulun and Issachar, and then Asher and Haphtali. Eleazar. 12792-900726-1552 -Nu34.18 12793-900726-1552 -Nu34.19 12803-900726-1552 -Nu34.29 12804-900726-1553 -Nu35.1 01 Eight and forty cities for the Levites, with their suburbs, and measure thereof 06 Six of them are to be cities of refuge 09 The laws of murder and manslaughter 31 No satisfaction for murder 12805-900726-1554 -Nu35.2 12806-900726-1554 -Nu35.3 12807-900726-1558 -Nu35.4 in the following verse; but this reading is not acknowledged by any other ancient version, except the Coptic, nor by any of the MSS. collated by Kennicott and De Rossi. Various modes have been proposed for reconciling the accounts in these two verses, which appear in general to require full as much explanation as the text itself. The explanation of Maimonides is the only one that is intelligible, and appears perfectly satisfactory. The suburbs, says he, of the cities are expressed in the law to be 3000 cubits on every side, from the wall of the city and outwards. the first 1000 cubits are the suburbs; and the 2000, which they measured without the suburbs, were for fields and vineyards. The whole therefore, of the city, suburbs, fields, and vineyards, may be represented by the following diagram:--- Fields and vineyards. Suburbs City 1000 Cubits 2000 Cubits 12809-900726-1559 -Nu35.6 12810-900726-1559 -Nu35.7 12811-900726-1600 -Nu35.8 12813-900726-1600 -Nu35.10 12814-900726-1601 -Nu35.11 avenge the death of his relation, by slaying the murderer whereever he found him, the appointment of these cities was a humane institution for the protection of the involuntary homicide; for they were designed only for the protection of such. 12815-900726-1602 -Nu35.12 12816-900726-1602 -Nu35.13 12817-900726-1603 -Nu35.14 12818-900726-1603 -Nu35.15 12819-900726-1604 -Nu35.16 12820-900726-1604 -Nu35.17 12822-900726-1605 -Nu35.19 12823-900726-1607 -Nu35.20 12825-900726-1607 -Nu35.22 12827-900726-1608 -Nu35.24 12828-900726-1609 -Nu35.25 12829-900726-1613 -Nu35.26 the avenger of blood could only act as prosecutor; and the magistrates, in the presence of the people, were appointed to decide the cause according to the rules here laid down. Probably the accused person was tried at or near the place where the deceased had been slain, and where evidence could most easily be brought; and in case he was acquitted by the decision of the judges, and with the approbation of the people, he was conveyed back to the city of refuge, where he was protected as a king of prisoner at large, till the death of the high priest; when the public loss, and the grief occasioned by it, might be supposed to swallow up all personal regrets and resentments; and then he was permitted to return to his house and estate. But if, in the mean while, he ventured to leave the city, and the avenger met him and slew him, he was supposed to merit his doom by thus neglecting the appointment of God for his preservation, and the avenger must not be punished. This shews that in other cases, if the avenger slew an innocent man on surmise, he was liable to the punishment of a murderer; but if, by the testimony of two credible witnesses, the man who had fled to the city of refuge was adjudged guilty, he must without fail be put to death. 12830-900726-1613 -Nu35.27 him 12831-900726-1614 -Nu35.28 12832-900726-1614 -Nu35.29 12833-900726-1614 -Nu35.30 12834-900726-1615 -Nu35.31 12835-900726-1619 -Nu35.32 west, and therefore three cities were appointed in each division. One or other of these cities would be within half a day's journey of every part of the land; and as it would rarely happen that the avenger of blood would be on the spot, and none had a right to assault or detain the manslayer, at least if no malicious intention was manifest, the unhappy men would, therefore, get the start of their adversaries, and very few of them be overtaken before they gained the place of refuge. But then they must forsake their families, employments, most important interests, and dearest comforts; and they must neither loiter nor yield to weariness, nor regard fifficulties, nor slacken their pace, till they had got safe within the walls of the city. The Jewish writers inform us, that to afford every facility to those who thus fled for their life, the road to these cities was always preserved in good repair; and way-posts, upon which was inscribed refuge, were placed wherever needful, that they might not so much as hesitate for a moment. 12836-900726-1620 -Nu35.33 for the land 12837-900726-1621 -Nu35.34 12838-900726-1622 -Nu36.1 01 The inconvenience of the inheritance of daughters is remedied by marrying in their own tribes 07 Lest the inheritance should be removed from the tribe 10 The daughters of Zelophehad marry their father's brothers' sons 12839-900726-1626 -Nu36.2 a portion had been assigned eastward of Jordan; but Zelophehad was of that division, to which an inheritance was afterwards allotted west of Jordan; yet, expecting the promised land, the elders of the Manassites now propose a difficulty, upon the adjudged case of Zelophehad's daughters. If the females should inherit, in defect of male issue, and should intermarry with other tribes they would diminish the interest, and weaken the influence of their own tribes, and give occasion to future confusion, and perhaps contention. The Manassites therefore referred the case to Moses; and he, by the authority of God, annexed a clause, which would effectually keep the tribes and inheritances distinct, as long as it was observed. Heiresses were not allowed to marry out of their own tribe, though within those bounds they might consult their own inclinations. 12840-900726-1626 -Nu36.3 12841-900726-1627 -Nu36.4 12842-900726-1627 -Nu36.5 12843-900726-1627 -Nu36.6 12844-900726-1628 -Nu36.7 part of the inheritance of another tribe by marrying an heiress. keep himself. Heb. cleave 12845-900726-1629 -Nu36.8 12847-900726-1630 -Nu36.10 12848-900726-1631 -Nu36.11 12849-900726-1631 -Nu36.12 12850-900726-1631 -Nu36.13 12851-900620-2317 -De1.1 Thus ends the book of {Deuteronomy}, and with it the {Pentateuch}, commonly called the {Law of Moses}; a work every way worthy of God its author, and only less than the {New Testament}, the {Law} and {Gospel} of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. Its {antiquity} places it at the head of all the writings in the world; and the various subjects it embraces render it of the utmost importance to every part of the civilized world. Its {philosophy}, {history}, {geography}, and {chronology} entitle it to the respect of the whole human race; while its system of {theology} and religion demonstrably proves it to be a revelation from God. {The Law of Moses} is more properly the {Law of Jehovah}, [], {torah yehowah}, the grand title of the Pentateuch. Could we conceive Moses to have been the {author} of this system, we must consider him more than mortal:- no wisdom of man has ever yet invented such a {Code of Laws}. His merit, however, has been disputed, and his laws severely criticised, by persons whose interest it was to prove religion a cheat, because they had none themselves. To some, whose mental taste and feeling are strangely perverted, everything in {heathenism} wears not only the fascinating aspect, but appears to lay claim and posses every excellence; and hence they have called up Confucius, Menu, Zoraster, and Mohammed himself, to dispute the palm with Moses. On this subject in general, it may be just necessary to add, that the utmost that can be said of all laws, merely {human}, is, that they {restrain vices}, through the terror of punishment. God's law not only restrains {vice}, but it infuses {virtue}. It alone brings man to the footstool of his Maker; and keeps him dependent on the strong for strength, on the wise for wisdom, and on the merciful for grace. It abounds with promises of support, and salvation for the {present life}, which no false system dare ever to propose: every where, Moses, in the most confident manner, pledges his God for the fulfilment of all the exceeding great and precious promises, with which his laws are so plentifully interspersed; and while they were obedient they could say, "Not one word hath failed us, of all the good things which the Lord our God spoke concerning us." Who that dispassionately reads the {Pentateuch}, that considers it in itself and in its reference to that glorius {Gospel} which it was intended to introduce, can for a moment deny it the palm of infinite superiority over all the systems ever framed of imagined by man? Well might the Israelitish people triumphantly exclaim, "There is none like the God of Jeshurun!" and with what striking propriety does the glorius legislator add, "Happy art thou, O Israel! who is like unto {thee}? O people, saved of the Lord!" Finally, the treasures of wisdom and knowledge, which are amassed in these five books, have enriched the whole civilized earth, and, indeed, greatly promoted that very civilization. They have been a kind of {text-book} to almost every writer on {geology, geography, chronology, astronomy, natural history, ethics, jurisprudence, political economy, theology, poetry, and crticism}, from the time of Moses to the present day--books to which the choicest writers and philosophers in Pagan antiquity, have been deeply indebted; and which were the text-books to all the {prophets}--books from which the flimsy writers against Divine Revelation have derived their natural religion, and all their moral excellence--books written in all the energy, and purity, of the imcomparable language in which they are composed; and lastly, books, which for importance of matter, variety of information, dignity of sentiment, accuracy of facts, impartiality, simplicity, and sublimity of narration, tending to improve and ennoble the intellect and ameliorate the physical and moral condition of man, have never been equalled, and can only be paralleled by the Gospel of the Son of God! Fountain of endless mercy, justice, truth, and beneficience! How much are thy gifts and bounties neglected by those who do not read {this law}; and by those who having read it, are not morally improved by it, and made wise unto salvation! ---------------------------------------------------------------- -- 6-13 briefly rehearsing the history of God's sending them from Horeb 14-18 of giving them officers 19-33 of sending the spies to seach the land 34-40 of his anger for their incredulity 41-46 and disobedience {Red Sea}, not only because the word {yam}, `sea,' is not joined with it as usual, but because they were now east of Jordan, and farther from the Red Sea than ever. It seems to be the same which is called {Suphah} in Nu 21.14; which must necessarily signify some {place} in or adjoining to the plains of Moab, and not far from the Jordan and Arnon. Ptolemy mentions a people called {Sophonites} that dwelt in Arabia Petraea, who may have taken their name from this place. Paran, Tophel, Laban, Hazeroth, and Diaahab, seem to have been either {places} or {cities} not far from the plains of Moab; for it is evident that Paran and Hazeroth could not have been those near the Red sea, and not far from Horeb. 12852-900622-0912 -De1.2 12853-900622-0913 -De1.3 12854-900622-0915 -De1.4 12855-900622-0915 -De1.5 12856-900622-0916 -De1.6 12857-900622-0918 -De1.7 12858-900622-0919 -De1.8 12859-900622-0920 -De1.9 12860-900622-0931 -De1.10 expression to be hyperbolical; and others, no friends to revelation, think it a vain, empty boast, because the stars, in their apprehension,, amount to innumerable millions. But, as this refers to the number of stars that appear to the naked eye, which only amount to about 3010 in both hemispheres, the number of the Israelites far exceeded this; for independently of women and children, at the last census, they amounted to more than 600, 000. 12861-900622-0932 -De1.11 12862-900622-0934 -De1.12 12863-900622-0941 -De1.13 12865-900622-0943 -De1.15 12866-900622-0944 -De1.16 12867-900622-0951 -De1.17 That is, let not the bold, daring countenances of the rich or mightly induce you to give an unrighteous decision; and let not the abject look of the poor man induce you either to to favour him in an unrighteous cause, or to give judgment against him at the demand of the oppresor. 12868-900622-0952 -De1.18 12869-900622-0952 -De1.19 12870-900622-0953 -De1.20 12871-900622-0954 -De1.21 12872-900622-0956 -De1.22 The people proposed this measure through unbelief; Moses, mistaking their motive, approved of it, and God, being justly displeased, permitted them to follow their own counsel, which proved injurious to them only through their sin and folly 12873-900622-0957 -De1.23 12874-900622-0958 -De1.24 12876-900622-0958 -De1.26 12877-900622-0959 -De1.27 12878-900622-1004 -De1.28 That is, with very high walls, which could not be easily scaled. Harmer says, high walls are still to be seen in Arabia, and are deemed a sufficient defence against the Arabs, who scarcely ever attempt to plunder except on hoseback. The monastery on Mount Sinai, and the convent of St. Anthony in Egypt, are surrounded with a very high wall, without gates; the persons and things being taken up and let down through an opening in the upper part, by means of a pulley and a basket. This kind of walling is a sufficient defence. 12879-900622-1005 -De1.29 12880-900622-1011 -De1.30 12881-900622-1013 -De1.31 12882-900622-1014 -De1.32 12883-900622-1016 -De1.33 12884-900622-1017 -De1.34 12886-900622-1018 -De1.36 12887-900622-1021 -De1.37 12888-900622-1023 -De1.38 12889-900622-1025 -De1.39 12890-900622-1025 -De1.40 12891-900622-1026 -De1.41 12892-900622-1027 -De1.42 12893-900622-1028 -De1.43 12894-900622-1045 -De1.44 When bees are provoked or disturbed, the whole swarm attack and pursue whatever annoys them, with great courage and fury, and sometimes are a formidable enemy. They were so troublesome in some districts of Crete, that, according to Pliny, the inhabitants were actually compelled to forsake their homes. AElian reports, that some places in Scythia were formerly inaccessible on account of the numerous swarms of bees with which they were infested. Mr. Park relates, that some of his associates imprudently attempted to rob a numerous hive which they found in their way. The exasperated little animals rushed out to defend their property, and attacked them with so much fury, that they quickly compelled the whole company of men, horses, and asses, to scamper off in all directions, The horses were never recovered, and a number of the asses were so severely stung, that they died the next day. 12895-900622-1036 -De1.45 12896-900622-1037 -De1.46 12897-900622-1053 -De2.1 Edomites 9-15 nor with the Moabites 16-23 nor with the Ammonites 24-37 but Sihon the Amorite was subdued by them 12899-900622-1053 -De2.3 12900-900622-1055 -De2.4 12901-900622-1056 -De2.5 the sole of the foot 12902-900622-1114 -De2.6 12903-900622-1116 -De2.7 12904-900622-1118 -De2.8 12905-900622-1123 -De2.9 Ar was situated south of the Arnon; and was called by the Greek writers Areopolis, and thought by them to be so named because the inhabitants worshipped [], or Mars. St. Jerome says that it was destroyed by an earthquake when he was an infant. Curckhardt supposes that the ruins of a small castle called Mehatet el Hadj, may be the site of this ancient city. 12906-900622-1125 -De2.10 of Ham, who lay under the prophetical curse of Noah, which was thus executed upon this part of then by the Moabites and Edomites. 12907-900622-1126 -De2.11 12908-900622-1129 -De2.12 conquered Sihon and Og, and taken possession of their countries, as Edom had done to the Horims. 12909-900622-1131 -De2.13 The brook or torrent Zered, takes its rise in the mountains of Moab, and, running fron east to west, falls into the Dead Sea. It seems to be the stream which Bruchardt calls Wady Beni Hammad, south of the Modjeb or Arnon, and about five hours north of Kerek. 12910-900622-1133 -De2.14 12911-900622-1134 -De2.15 12914-900622-1135 -De2.18 12915-900622-1137 -De2.19 12916-900622-1138 -De2.20 12917-900622-1144 -De2.21 These fragments of ancient history seem to be introduced to encourage the Israelites. If the Lord destroyed these gigantic people before the posterity of Lot and of Esau, what cause had the posterity of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, his chosen servants and friends, to fear the Anakims, of the Canaanites? especially as Israel acted by commission from God, and had his promise as their security of success, and the pledge of it in his presence, and the wonders which he had already wrought for theml and as they were the only nation of worshippers of the Lord, in the ordinaces of his institution, which could be found on earth. This is so often repeated to possess the minds of the Israelites with a sense of God's providence, which rules every where; displacing one people, and placing another in their stead; and fixing their bounds also, which they cannot pass without his leave. 12918-900622-1146 -De2.22 12919-900622-1147 -De2.23 12920-900622-1149 -De2.24 12921-900622-1150 -De2.25 12922-900622-1151 -De2.26 12923-900622-1152 -De2.27 12924-900622-1152 -De2.28 12925-900622-1155 -De2.29 It appears to have been only the Edomites of Kadesh -Barnea, south of Canaan, who denied the Israelites a passage; for those of Mount Seir, now called Shera, are here expressly said to have granted it them: and this, in fact, was the very road by which they arrived at Canaan. 12926-900622-1156 -De2.30 12927-900622-1157 -De2.31 12928-900622-1157 -De2.32 12929-900622-1158 -De2.33 12930-900622-1200 -De2.34 every city of men, and women, and little ones. 12931-900622-1201 -De2.35 12932-900622-1202 -De2.36 12933-900622-1203 -De2.37 12934-900622-1412 -De3.1 11 This size of his bed 12-22 The distribution of his lands to the two tribes and half 23-25 Moses prays to enter into the land 26-29 He is permitted to see it Bashan, one of the most fertile districts of the Holy Land, was bounded on the west by the Jordan and lake of Gennesareth, on the east by Trachonitis, on the south by the brook Habbok, and on the north by mount Hermon; and seems to have been composed of two or three districts, on the south the land of Gilead, on the north the region of Argob, and east of bith, the lain of Hauran. as extremely beautiful: its plains covered with a fertile soil; its hills covered with forests, and at every new turn presenting the most beautiful landscapes that can be imagined. This town is placed by Eusebius about 25 miles northward from Bostri; and mentioned by Burckhardt under the name of Draa. 12935-900623-2041 -De3.2 12936-900622-1417 -De3.3 12937-900622-1418 -De3.4 12938-900622-1418 -De3.5 12939-900622-1419 -De3.6 12940-900622-1420 -De3.7 12941-900622-1421 -De3.8 12942-900622-1426 -De3.9 Mount Hermon is the south-eastern branch of Lebanon, beyond Jordan. The Chaldee Targumist, who places it at Caesarea and Samaritan interpreter call it toor talga, `the mountain of snow, ' because of its being always covered with snow; and Jerome informs us, that it lies higher than Paneas or Caesarea Philippi, and that in the summer time snow used to be carried from thence to Tyre. It is now call El Heish, and is comprised in the district of Kanneytra. 12943-900622-1427 -De3.10 12944-900622-1428 -De3.11 12945-900622-1429 -De3.12 12946-900622-1433 -De3.13 part, still remains in Arabia, only that it makes them rather taller than Moses does Og, and calls the land in which they lived, not Bashan, but Hadrach, which name occurs in Zec 9.1. I received this information from the verbal communication of a credible Arab, who was born on the other side of Jordan, about three-days journey from Damascus.' 12947-900622-1435 -De3.14 12948-900622-1435 -De3.15 12949-900622-1436 -De3.16 12950-900622-1438 -De3.17 12951-900622-1439 -De3.18 12953-900622-1439 -De3.20 12954-900622-1440 -De3.21 12955-900622-1442 -De3.22 12956-900622-1442 -De3.23 12957-900622-1444 -De3.24 12958-900622-1450 -De3.25 Lebanon is a long chain of limestone mountains, extending from near the coast of the Mediterranean on the west to the the plains of Damascus on the east, and forming the extreme northern boundary of the Holy Land. It is divided into two principal ridges, running parallel to each other in a north-north-east direction; the most westerly of which was properly called Libanus, and the easterly anti -Libanus: the Hebrews did not make this distinction. It is computed to be fifteen or sixteen hundred fathoms in height. They are by no means barren, but are almost all well cultivated and well peopled; their summits being in many parts level, and forming extensive plains, in which are sown corn and all kinds of pulse. Vineyard, and plantations of olive, mulberry, and fig trees, are also cultivated in terraces formed by walls; and the soil of the declivities and hollows is most excellent, and produces abundance of corn, oil, and wine. 12959-900622-1452 -De3.26 12960-900622-1453 -De3.27 12961-900622-1455 -De3.28 12962-900622-1455 -De3.29 12963-900622-1501 -De4.1 41-43 Moses appoints the three cities of refuge on that side of Jordan 44-49 Recapitulation Statutes, every thing that concerned morals and the rites and ceremonies of religion; judgments, all matters of civil right and wrong. 12964-900622-1503 -De4.2 12965-900624-1426 -De4.3 It appears from this appeal, that the pestilence, as well as the sword of the magistrated, singled out the guilty persons and spared the rest (PS 91.6-8) The legislator, in order to deter the Jews from idolatry, alludes to this fact, but he notices no circumstance but one, which, though in the original narrative was not stated, was infinitely the most important to advert to on this occasion; but which no persons, but spectators to the fact, and perfectly acquainted with evry individual concerned in it, could possibly feel the truth of. 12966-900624-1429 -De4.4 12967-900624-1436 -De4.5 his authority; but at the close of his life he solemnly assure them that he had instructed them exactly as the Lord had commanded him, neither more, nor less, nor otherwise. This is a most express declaration that he was divinely inspired, and utterly incompatible with his integrity of character, if he was not. Scott. 12968-900624-1456 -De4.6 12969-900624-1458 -De4.7 12970-900624-1459 -De4.8 12971-900624-1502 -De4.9 12972-900624-1504 -De4.10 12973-900624-1505 -De4.11 12974-900624-1507 -De4.12 12975-900624-1509 -De4.13 12976-900624-1517 -De4.14 12977-900624-1518 -De4.15 12978-900624-1521 -De4.16 Such as Baal-peor, the Roman Priapus; Ashtaroth or Astarte, the Greek and Roman Venus, and many others. 12979-900624-1527 -De4.17 worship in Egypt. Among the Egyptians, almost everything in nature was the object of their idolatry; among BEASTS were oxen heifers, sheep, goats, lions, dogs, monkeys, and cats; among BIRDS, the ibis, crane, and hawk; among REPTILES, the crocodile, serpents, frogs, flies, and beetles; all the FISH of the Nile, and the Nile itself; besides the sun, moon, planets, stars, fire, light, air, darkness, and night. These are all included in the very circumstantial prohibition in the text, and very forcibly in the general terms of Ex. 20.4, the reason of which prohibition becomes self-evident, when the various objects of Egyptian idolatry are considered. 12981-900624-1530 -De4.19 12982-900624-1531 -De4.20 12983-900624-1532 -De4.21 12984-900624-1533 -De4.22 12985-900624-1536 -De4.23 12986-900624-1538 -De4.24 12987-900624-1540 -De4.25 12988-900624-1544 -De4.26 A most solemn method of adjuration, in use among all the nations in the world; God and man being called upon to bear testimony to the truth of what was spoken, that if there was any flaw or insincerity it might be detected, and if any crime, it might not go unpunished. Such appeals to God shew at once the origin and use of oaths. 12989-900624-1545 -De4.27 12990-900624-1546 -De4.28 12991-900624-1548 -De4.29 12992-900624-1550 -De4.30 12993-900624-1552 -De4.31 12994-900624-1553 -De4.32 12995-900624-1554 -De4.33 12996-900624-1555 -De4.34 12997-900624-1558 -De4.35 12998-900624-1559 -De4.36 12999-900624-1606 -De4.37 13000-900624-1607 -De4.38 13001-900624-1608 -De4.39 13002-900624-1610 -De4.40 13003-900624-1610 -De4.41 13004-900624-1611 -De4.42 13005-900624-1618 -De4.43 Bezer is the same as Bozra, formerly a royal city of Edom. Eusebius fifteen miles east from Philadelphia or Ammon, and by Jerome in the neighborhood of Jabbok, and consequently north of Philadelphia. This city gave name to the district of Gaulonitis, now called Djolan, which comprises the the plain to south of Djedour or Iturea, and to the west of Haouran: its southern frontier is the Nahar Aweired, by which it is separated from the district of Erbad, and the Seriat el Mandhour, which separates it from the district of El Kefarat: on the west it is limited by the territory of Feik, and on the nowth-wewt by Djebel Heish, or mount Hermon. 13006-900624-1621 -De4.44 sequent chapters. Moses having practically improved some par- ticulars in the history of Israel, proceded to repeat and enforce the laws which he had delivered before, with additions and explanations 13007-900624-1622 -De4.45 13008-900624-1626 -De4.46 Beth-peor was a city which was situated, according to Eusebius opposite Jericho, and six miles above Livias. As the name signifies `the house of Peor,' it is probable that there was a temple to Peor, situated in this place, full in view of the people, while Moses was pressing upon them the worship of Jehovah alone; and perhaps the very temple where so many had sinned to their own destruction. 13009-900624-1627 -De4.47 13010-900624-1628 -De4.48 The Samaritan interpreter has, `unto the mountain of snow, which is Hermon.' 13011-900624-1629 -De4.49 13012-900624-1633 -De5.1 6-21 The ten commandments 23-33 At the people's request Moses receives the law from God 13013-900624-1635 -De5.2 13014-900624-1637 -De5.3 13015-900624-1638 -De5.4 13016-900624-1639 -De5.5 13017-900624-1640 -De5.6 13018-900624-1641 -De5.7 13019-900624-1641 -De5.8 13020-900624-1649 -De5.9 On the import of the word {yehowah}, which we translate Lord, see Note on Ex. 3.15. The word {elohim}, which is rendered God, in the singualr, {eloah}, and in Arabic {allah}, is derived from the Arabic {alaha}, he worshipped, adored, was struck with astonishment, fear, or terror: and hence, he adored with sacred honor and veneration: it also signifies, he succoured, liberated, kept in safety, or defended. Here we learn that {elohim} denotes the {sole object of adoration}; the perfections of whose nature must {astonish} all whom contemplate them, and fill with {horror} all who rebel against him; that consequently he must be {worshipped with reverence and religious fear}; and that every sincere worshipper may expect {help} in all his weaknesses, etc. , {freedom} from the power, guilt, and consequences of sin, and {support} and {defence} to the uttermost. 13021-900624-1651 -De5.10 13022-900624-1651 -De5.11 13023-900624-1652 -De5.12 13024-900624-1653 -De5.13 13025-900624-1654 -De5.14 13026-900624-1656 -De5.15 13027-900624-1656 -De5.16 13028-900624-1657 -De5.17 13029-900624-1658 -De5.18 13030-900624-1658 -De5.19 13031-900624-1659 -De5.20 13032-900624-1700 -De5.21 13033-900624-1701 -De5.22 13034-900624-1701 -De5.23 13035-900624-1702 -De5.24 13036-900624-1703 -De5.25 13037-900624-1710 -De5.26 It seems to have been a general opinion, that if God appeared to men, it was for the purpose of destroying them. And indeed most of the extraordinary manifestations of God were in the way of judgment; but here it was widely different. God did appear in a sovereign and extraordinary manner; but it was for the instruction, direction, deliverance, and support of his people. 1. They heard this voice speaking with them in a distinct, articulate manner 2. They saw the fire, the symbol of his presence, the appearances of which demonstrated it to be supernatural. 3. Notwithstanding God appeared so terrible, yet no person was destroyed; for he came not to destroy but to save. 13038-900624-1713 -De5.27 13039-900624-1714 -De5.28 13040-900624-1719 -De5.29 levavom zeh lahem}, literally, `Who will give that there may be such a heart in them?' They refuse to receive such a heart from me, who then can supply it. 13042-900624-1720 -De5.31 13043-900624-1721 -De5.32 13044-900624-1723 -De5.33 13045-900624-1726 -De6.1 3-19 An exhortation thereto 20-25 What they are to teach their children 13046-900624-1730 -De6.2 13047-900624-1731 -De6.3 13048-900624-1737 -De6.4 Jehovah, our God,is one Jehovah.' On this passage the Jews lay great stress and it is one of the four passages which they write on their phylacteries: On the word {elohim}, Seimeon Ben Joachi says `Come and see the mystery of the word Elohim: that there are three degrees, and each degree is by itself alone, and yet they are all one, and joined together in one, and are not divided from each other.' 13049-900624-1739 -De6.5 13050-900624-1741 -De6.6 13051-900624-1743 -De6.7 13052-900624-1744 -De6.8 13053-900624-1745 -De6.9 13054-900624-1746 -De6.10 13055-900624-1747 -De6.11 13056-900624-1747 -De6.12 13057-900624-1752 -De6.13 Our Saviour quotes these words thus: `And him only () shalt thou serve;' from which it would appear, that the word {levaddo} was anciently in the hebrew text, as it was in the Septuagint, Coptic, Vulgate (illi soli), and Anglo -Saxon. Dr. Kennicott argues that without the word {only}, the text would not have conclusive for the purpose for which our Lord advanced it. It is proper, however, to obvserve, that the word {levaddo} is not found in any MS. yet collated, though retained in the above versions. 13058-900624-1753 -De6.14 13059-900624-1755 -De6.15 13060-900624-1756 -De6.16 13061-900624-1757 -De6.17 13062-900624-1759 -De6.18 13063-900624-1800 -De6.19 13064-900624-1801 -De6.20 13065-900624-1803 -De6.21 13066-900624-1805 -De6.22 13067-900624-1805 -De6.23 13068-900624-1806 -De6.24 13069-900624-1808 -De6.25 13070-900624-1819 -De7.1 5 for fear of idolatry 6-8 for the holiness of the people, 9-16 for the nature of God in his mercy and justice, 17-26 for the assuredness of victory which God will give over them With respect to the situation of these nations in the land of Canaan, Calmet remarks, that the Canaanites chiefly inhabited Phoenecial the Hittietes, the mountains south of the promised land; the Hivites, mount Ebal, and Gerizim, and towards Hermon; the Girgashites, beyond Jordan, towards the lake of Gennesareth, the Jebusistes, about Jerusalem; the Amorites, the mountains west of the Dead Sea, and part of the land of Moab; and that the Perizzites were probably not a distinct nation, but villagers scattered through the country. 13071-900624-1822 -De7.2 13072-900624-1823 -De7.3 13073-900624-1824 -De7.4 13074-900624-1826 -De7.5 13075-900624-1828 -De7.6 13076-900624-1831 -De7.7 13077-900624-1835 -De7.8 13078-900624-1838 -De7.9 13079-900624-1841 -De7.10 13080-900624-1841 -De7.11 13081-900624-1842 -De7.12 13082-900624-1844 -De7.13 13083-900624-1845 -De7.14 13084-900624-1851 -De7.15 The Israelites, if obedient, would have been subject to no maladies but those common to fallen man, and generally very healthy and long lived being exempted from pestilential diseases, which have often most tremendously scourged guilty nations; and from such maladies in particular, as they had witnessed in Egypt, by which God afflicted their cruel oppressors, (Ex 15.26). This must be referred to the {national} covenant; for though godliness often secures the most solid temporal advantages, yet temporal blessings were not, even among them, uniformly dispensed to individuals according to their obedience; but they were to the {nation}, with an exactness which is not observed towards any other people. 13085-900624-1853 -De7.16 13086-900624-1854 -De7.17 13087-900624-2149 -De7.18 13088-900624-2150 -De7.19 13089-900624-2151 -De7.20 13090-900624-2152 -De7.21 13091-900624-2157 -De7.22 As the Israelites were not yet sufficiently numerous to fill the whole land occupied by these nations; and as wild and ferocious animals might be expected to multiply where the place was but thinly peopled, therefore God informs then that their extermination from before them should be gradual. Haynes says, `The approaching to Cana, at the close of the day, as we did, is at once terrifying and dangerous. The surrounding country swarms with wild beasts, such as tigers, leopards, jackals, etc., whose cries and howling, I doubt not, would strike the boldest traveller, who had not been frequently in a like situation, with the deepest sense of horror.' 13092-900624-2159 -De7.23 13093-900624-2201 -De7.24 13094-900624-2202 -De7.25 13095-900624-2204 -De7.26 13096-900624-2206 -De8.1 goodness in his dealings with Israel. 13097-900624-2210 -De8.2 13098-900624-2212 -De8.3 13099-900624-2218 -De8.4 `God so amply provided for them all the necessaries of life, that they never were obliged to wear tattered garments, nor were their feet injured for lack of shoes or sandals.' Now, though the Israelites doubtless brought out of Egypt more raiment than what they had upon them; and they might manufacture the fleeces of their flocks in the wilderness; and also might be favoured by providence with other supplies from the neighboring nations or travelling hordes of Arabs; yet, when we consider their immense numbers, their situation and long continuance in the wilderness, and the very strong expressions made use of in the text, why should we question the extraordinary and miraculous interposition of God in this respect, as well as in others, not less stupendous in their nature, or constant in their supply? 13100-900624-2220 -De8.5 13101-900624-2220 -De8.6 13102-900624-2221 -De8.7 13103-900624-2223 -De8.8 13104-900624-2224 -De8.9 13105-900624-2225 -De8.10 13106-900624-2230 -De8.11 13107-900624-2231 -De8.12 13108-900624-2232 -De8.13 13109-900624-2233 -De8.14 13110-900624-2235 -De8.15 13111-900624-2236 -De8.16 13112-900624-2237 -De8.17 13113-900624-2238 -De8.18 13114-900624-2239 -De8.19 13115-900624-2240 -De8.20 13116-900624-2246 -De9.1 righteousness, be rehearsing their several rebellions The Hebrew {hyyom} `this day,' frequently denotes, as here, {this time}. They had come, 38 years before this, nearly to the verge of the promised land, but were not permitted, because of their unbelief and rebellion, at {that day} or {time} to enter; but {this time} they shall certainly pass over. This was spoken in the eleventh month of the fortieth year of their journeyingl and it was on the first month of the following year they passed over: and during this interval Moses died. 13117-900624-2247 -De9.2 13118-900624-2249 -De9.3 13119-900624-2251 -De9.4 13120-900625-2126 -De9.5 not follow, that the Israelites were established in their room on account of any distinguished virtue, or because they {deserved} it. On many occasions, it may be seen in the history of the world, that God punishes the wicked by the instrumentality of other men, who are as wicked as themselves. Not the Israelites' righteous, but the wickedness of the inhabitants, and the promise of God to their fathers, was the cause of their obtaining Canaan. 13121-900625-2130 -De9.6 Moses repeats this a third time, that, if it were possible, he might root out of the Israelites the opinion of their own deserts, before God rooted out the Canaanites from their country. 13122-900625-2207 -De9.7 In order to destroy the opinion which the Israelites had of their own righteousness, it was necessary to call to mind some of their most notorious provacations and rebellions, which Moses exhorts them to preserve in their mind, as a means to keep them humble. 13123-900625-2209 -De9.8 peculiar emphasis here, even there where they had lately received the law, attended with the most astonishing appearance and circumstances. 13124-900625-2210 -De9.9 13125-900625-2211 -De9.10 13126-900625-2212 -De9.11 13127-900625-2214 -De9.12 13128-900625-2215 -De9.13 13129-900625-2217 -De9.14 13130-900625-2217 -De9.15 13131-900625-2218 -De9.16 13132-900625-2221 -De9.17 Moses might have done this through distress and anguish of spirit, on beholding their abominable idolatry and dissolute conduct; or probably he did it {emblematically}, and perhaps by the direction of God; intimating thereby, that as by this act of his the tables were broken in pieces, on which the Law of God was written, so they, by their present conduct, had made a {breach} in the covenant, and broken the laws of their Maker and Sovereign. 13133-900625-2224 -De9.18 The transgressions of the people rendered this second forty days' fasting necessary to Moses. Their pardon was indeed in some sense obtained before he ascended the mount; yet probably much of the time which he spent there was employed in supplication: and when he descended the second time, with the tables of the law in his hands, the pardon was, as it were, ratified and sealed. 13134-900625-2225 -De9.19 13135-900625-2225 -De9.20 13136-900625-2228 -De9.21 This was the stream which flowed from the rock that Moses smote with his rod (ex 17.6) and to which the Psalmist alludes in Ps. 78.16-20 and 105.41. Philo relates, that upon Moses' striking the rock, the water poured out like a torrent, affording not only a sufficient quantity for allaying their present thirst, but to fill their water vessels, to carry with them on their journey. 13137-900625-2229 -De9.22 13138-900625-2231 -De9.23 13139-900625-2231 -De9.24 13140-900625-2231 -De9.25 13141-900625-2234 -De9.26 13142-900625-2237 -De9.27 13143-900625-2238 -De9.28 13144-900625-2239 -De9.29 13145-900626-2117 -De10.1 6,7 in continuing the priesthood 8,9 in separating the tribe of Levi 10,11 in hearkening unto Moses' suit for his people 12-22 An exhortation to obedience 13146-900626-2118 -De10.2 13147-900626-2118 -De10.3 13148-900626-2120 -De10.4 13149-900626-2121 -De10.5 13150-900626-2123 -De10.6 13152-900626-2127 -De10.8 13153-900626-2128 -De10.9 13154-900626-2129 -De10.10 13155-900626-2130 -De10.11 13156-900626-2134 -De10.12 13157-900626-2135 -De10.13 13158-900626-2136 -De10.14 13159-900626-2136 -De10.15 13160-900626-2137 -De10.16 13161-900626-2139 -De10.17 13162-900626-2140 -De10.18 13163-900626-2141 -De10.19 13164-900626-2143 -De10.20 13165-900626-2144 -De10.21 13166-900626-2148 -De10.22 And now, from so samll a beginning, they are multiplied to more than 600,000 men, besides women and children; and this, indeed, in the space of 40 years; for the 603,000 whhich came out of Egypt were at this time all dead, except Moses, Joshua, and Caleb. How easily can God increase and multiply, as well as diminish and bring low! In all things, by his omnipotence, he can do whatsoever he wills; and he will do whatsoever is right. 13167-900626-2153 -De11.1 2-7 by their own experience of God's great works 8-15 by promise of God's great blessings 16-17 and by threatenings 18-25 A careful study is required in God's words 26-32 The blessing and curse set before them This verse is the practical improvement of the conclusion of the foregoing chapter; while the next verse begins another view of the subject. 13168-900626-2156 -De11.2 moses seems here to have addressed himself particularly to the elders, who had in their youth witnessed the wonderful works which Jehovah had wrought both for them and among them; and who were bound to remember them for their own warning, and testify them to the rising generation who had not been eye-witnesses. 13169-900626-2157 -De11.3 13170-900626-2157 -De11.4 13171-900626-2158 -De11.5 13172-900626-2200 -De11.6 13173-900626-2201 -De11.7 13174-900626-2202 -De11.8 13175-900626-2204 -De11.9 13176-900626-2208 -De11.10 Rain seldom falls in Egypt; the land being chiefly watered by the innundations of the Nile. In order to water the grounds where the innundations do not extend, water is collected in ponds, and directed in streamlets to the different parts of the field where irrigation is necessary. It is no unusual thing in the East to see a man, with a small mattock, making a little trench for the water to run into; and, as he opens the passage, the water following, he uses his foot to raise up the mould against the side of this little channel, to prevent the water from being shed unnecessarily, before it reaches the place of its destination. Hence he may justly be said to water the ground with his foot. 13177-900626-2209 -De11.11 13178-900626-2210 -De11.12 13179-900626-2211 -De11.13 13180-900626-2212 -De11.14 13181-900626-2213 -De11.15 13182-900626-2215 -De11.16 13183-900626-2216 -De11.17 13184-900626-2217 -De11.18 13185-900626-2218 -De11.19 13186-900626-2218 -De11.20 13187-900626-2219 -De11.21 13188-900626-2220 -De11.22 13189-900626-2221 -De11.23 13190-900626-2222 -De11.24 13191-900626-2222 -De11.25 13192-900626-2223 -De11.26 13193-900626-2224 -De11.27 13194-900626-2225 -De11.28 13195-900626-2243 -De11.29 Gerizim and ebal, mountains west of Jordan, and in the tribe of Ephraim, are opposite, or parallel to each other, extending from east to west; mount Gerizim being on the south, and mount Ebal on the north. They are separated by the beautiful valley in which Shechem or Nablous is situated, which is only about 200 paces in width. Both mountains are much alike in height, length, and figure; being about a league in length, in the form of a semicircle, and so steep, on the side of Shechem, that there is scarcely any shelving: their altitude appeared to Mr. Buckingham nearly equal, not exceeding 700 or 800 feet from the level of the valley, which is itself elevated. But though they resemble each other in these particulars, yet in another they are very dissimilar; for, says Maundree, `though neither of the mountains has much to boast of as to its pleasantness, yet, as one passed between them, Gerizim seems to discover a somewhat more verdant, fruitful aspect then Ebal: the reason of which may be, because fronting towards the north, it is sheltered from the heat of the sun by its own shade; whereas Ebal, looking southward, and receiving the sun that comes directly upon it, must by consequence be rendered more scorched and unfruitful.' A LIST OF THE MOST FAMOUS MOUNTAINS NAMED IN SRIPTURE Amalek, in the tribe of Ephraim. Ju 12.15 Calvary, near Jerusalem. Lu 23.33 Carmel, near the Mediterranean. Jos 19.26 Ebal, near to Gerizim. jos 8.30 En-gedi, near the Dead Sea. Jos 15.62 Gaash, in the tribe of Ephraim. Jos 24.30 Gilboa, south of the valley of Israel. 2sa 1.21 Gilead, beyond Jordan. ge 31.21-25 Gerizim, on which afterwards stood a temple of the Samaritans. Ju 9.7 Hermon, beyond Jordan. Jos 11.3 Hor, in Idumeae. Nu 20.22 Horeb, in Arabia Petraea, near to Sinai. De 1.2 Lebanon, separates Syria from Palestine. De 3.25 Moriah, where the temple was built. 2ch 3.1 Nebo, part of the mountains of Abarim. Nu 32.3 Olives, east of Jerusalem, divided only by brook Kidron. 1Ki 11.1,7 2ki 23.13 ac 1.12 Paran, in Arabia Petraea. Ge 14.6 De 1.1 Pisgah, beyond Jordan. Nu 21.20 de 34.1 Seir, in Idumae. Ge 14.6 Sinai, in Arabia Petraea. Ex 19.2 de 33.2 Sion, near to mount Moriah. 2Sa 5.7 Tabor, in the Lower Galilee Ju 4.6 13196-900626-2244 -De11.30 13197-900626-2244 -De11.31 13198-900626-2245 -De11.32 13199-900627-2132 -De12.1 4-14 The place of God's service to be kept 15,16 Blood is forbidden &20-25 17,18 Holy things must be eaten in the holy place &26-28 19 The Levite is not to be forsaken 29-32 Idolatry is not to be enquired after 13200-900627-2134 -De12.2 13201-900627-2135 -De12.3 13202-900627-2136 -De12.4 13203-900627-2142 -De12.5 13204-900627-2143 -De12.6 13205-900627-2144 -De12.7 13206-900627-2146 -De12.8 13207-900627-2148 -De12.9 13208-900627-2150 -De12.10 13209-900627-2152 -De12.11 13210-900627-2154 -De12.12 13211-900627-2155 -De12.13 in offering their sacrifices on the tops of hills and mountains. 13212-900627-2156 -De12.14 13213-900627-2159 -De12.15 question, but the blood must be poured out: yet there were cases when they might kill and eat in all their gates such as the roebuck and the hart, or all clean {wild} beasts; for these being taken in hunting, and frequently shot with arrows, their blood could not be poured out at the altar 13214-900627-2200 -De12.16 13215-900627-2201 -De12.17 13216-900627-2202 -De12.18 13217-900627-2204 -De12.19 13218-900627-2206 -De12.20 13219-900627-2207 -De12.21 13220-900627-2207 -De12.22 13221-900627-2208 -De12.23 13222-900627-2208 -De12.24 13223-900627-2210 -De12.25 13224-900627-2211 -De12.26 13225-900627-2212 -De12.27 13226-900627-2213 -De12.28 13227-900627-2214 -De12.29 13228-900627-2216 -De12.30 13229-900627-2225 -De12.31 The unnatural and horrid proactice of offering human sacrifices not only existed, but universally prvailed among ancient nations. We have already (Note on Lev. 20.2) referred to the custom among the Phoenecians and Carthaginians, descendents from the Canaanitish nations, of sacrificing their children to Moloch, or Saturn; and we will now cite a passage from Diodorus Siculus, (lib. xx.) which immediately precedes that already produced relative to this barbarous custom. He states that the Carthaginians imputed their being besieged by Agathocles to the anger of Saturn, because, instead of sacrificing the best of their own children, as formerly, they had sacrificed children bought for that purpose. `In haste, therefore, to rectify their errors, they chose 200 of the noblest children, and publicly sacrificed them! Others, accused of irreligion, voluntarily gave themselves up, to the number of no less than 300! 13230-900627-2226 -De12.32 13231-900627-2232 -De13.1 6-8 how near soever unto thee 9-11 are to be stoned to death 12-18 Idolatrous cities are not to be spared That is, one pretending to the divine inspiration and authority of the prophetic office, or a dreamer of dreams, one who pretends that some deity has spoken to him in the night season, and giveth thee a sign, or, what appears to be a miraculous proof of his mission, or a wonder, mopeth, some portentous sign, such as an eclipse, when he, who knew when it would happen, might predict to the people, who knew nothing of the matter, and thereby accredit his pretensions. But no pretended miracles must be admitted as a proof that the people might violate the first and great commandment. 13232-900627-2233 -De13.2 13233-900627-2235 -De13.3 13234-900627-2236 -De13.4 13235-900627-2238 -De13.5 13236-900627-2241 -De13.6 13238-900627-2242 -De13.8 13239-900627-2243 -De13.9 13240-900627-2246 -De13.10 against, to prosecute, and to assist at the execution of any one, even the nearest relation or friend, who attempted to persuade him to idolatry; yet it is observable that parents and husbands are not expressly mentioned in the list of those who were thus publicly accused.- -Scott. 13241-900627-2247 -De13.11 13242-900627-2247 -De13.12 13243-900627-2253 -De13.13 Belial is derived by some from {beli}, not, and al, over, i.e, one so proud and envious as not to bear a superior; by others, from {beli}, not, and ol, a yoke, i.e. a lawless, ungovernable person, () `lawless men,' as the LXX render. It is, however, more probably derived from {beli}, not, and {yaal}, profit, i. e., a worthless person, good for nothing to himself or others, and capable of nothing but mischief. 13244-900627-2254 -De13.14 13245-900627-2255 -De13.15 13246-900627-2256 -De13.16 13247-900627-2259 -De13.17 13248-900627-2259 -De13.18 13249-900628-2035 -De14.1 3 What may and may not be eaten 4-8 of beasts 9,10 of fishes 11-20 of fowls 21 That which dieth of itself may not be eaten 22 Tithes of Divine Service 23-27 Tithes and firstlings to be eaten before the Lord 28,29 The third year's tithe of alms and charity The heathen nations not only did these things in honour of their god, but in grief for the death of a relative 13250-900628-2038 -De14.2 13251-900628-2039 -De14.3 13252-900628-2039 -De14.4 13253-900628-2045 -De14.5 The word {akko}, according to the LXX. and Vulgate, signifies the {tragelphus, or goat-deer}; so called from its resemblence to both species. Dr. Shaw states that an animal of this kind is found in the East, where it is called {fishtull. and lerwee. pygarg. or bison.} [heb] dishon. The {pygarg}, () or white-buttocks, according to the LXX.; and Dr. Shaw states that the {lidme}, as the Africans call it, is exactly such an animal; being of the same shape and colour as the antelope, and of the size of a roebuck. and the {Bekkar el wash} of Dr. Shaw. 13254-900628-2047 -De14.6 cud} and {part the hoof}. two distinct characteristics, or general signs, by which the possibility of error arising from the mininterpretation of names is obviated. When God directs, his commands are not of doubtful interpretation. 13255-900628-2048 -De14.7 13256-900628-2049 -De14.8 13257-900628-2049 -De14.9 13260-900628-2049 -De14.12 13261-900628-2051 -De14.13 Raah, probably the same as daah, rendered {vulture} in Le 11.14, where six of Dr. Kennicott's codices read some animal of the {hawk} or {vulture} kind. LXX. yura, vulture 13263-900628-2053 -De14.15 Tachmas, probably the bird which Hasselquist calls {strix orientalis}, or oriental owl. 13264-900628-2054 -De14.16 13265-900628-2055 -De14.17 Rachamah, probably a species of vulture, still called in Arabic by the same name. sea fowl. 13266-900628-2056 -De14.18 Doocheephath, the upupa, or hoop, a beautiful but very unclean bird. 13267-900628-2057 -De14.19 13269-900628-2058 -De14.21 13270-900628-2059 -De14.22 13271-900628-2059 -De14.23 13272-900628-2100 -De14.24 13274-900628-2102 -De14.26 13275-900628-2103 -De14.27 13276-900628-2110 -De14.28 As the Levites had no inheritance, the Israelites were not to forget them, but truly tithe their increase. For their support, the Levites had. 1. The tenth of all the productions of the land 2. Forty-eight cities, each forming a square of 4000 cubits 3. Two thousand cubits of ground round each city; total of land, 53,000 acres. 4. The first-fruits, and certain parts of all the animals killed in the land. But though this was a very small proportion for a {whole tribe} that had consented to annihilate its {political existence}, that it might wait upon the service of God, yet, let it be considered, that what they possessed was {the best of the land}: and while it was slender remuneration for their services, yet their portion was such as rendered them independent, and kept them comfortable; so that they could wait on God, and labour in his work, without distraction. 13277-900628-2113 -De14.29 13278-900628-2117 -De15.1 7-11 It must be no let of lending or giving 12-18 An Hebrew servant, except he will not depart, must in the seventh year go forth free and well furnished, 19-23 All firstling males of the cattle are to be sanctified unto the Lord. 13279-900628-2118 -De15.2 13280-900628-2120 -De15.3 13281-900628-2125 -De15.4 Houbigant follows this marginal reading, to which he joins the end of the third verse, considering it as explanatory of the law; as if he had said, `Thou shalt not exact the debt that is due from thy brother, but {thy hand shall release} him, for this reason, {that there may be no poor among you} through your severity.' He justly contends that the phrase {ephes kee}, can here only mean, `to the end that,' being equivalent to the French {afin que.} 13282-900628-2126 -De15.5 13283-900628-2127 -De15.6 13284-900628-2129 -De15.7 Lest the preceding law might render the Israelites cautious in lending to the poor, Moses here warns them against being led by so mean a principle; but to lend liberally, and God would reward them. 13286-900628-2132 -De15.9 13287-900628-2133 -De15.10 13288-900628-2137 -De15.11 Although Moses, by the statutes relative to the division of the land, and inheritance, and the inalienable nature of it, had studied to prevent any Israelite from being born poor, yet he exhorts them to the exercise of the tnderest compassion and most benevolent actions, and not to refuse assistance to the decayed Israelite, though the sabbatical year drew nigh. 13289-900628-2138 -De15.12 13290-900628-2142 -De15.13 Ex 21.2-11; enforced upon the Israelites by the consideration of their Egyptian bondage. As a faithful servant has made no property for himself while honestly serving his master, so now, when he quits his service, he has nothing to begin the world with except what the kindness of his master may bestow upon him as a remuneration for his zeal and fidelity. Though what was to be bestowed upon servants is not fixed, yet they were to be {liberally} supplied. 13291-900628-2143 -De15.14 13292-900628-2144 -De15.15 13293-900628-2144 -De15.16 13294-900628-2144 -De15.17 13295-900628-2145 -De15.18 13296-900628-2146 -De15.19 13297-900628-2147 -De15.20 13298-900628-2147 -De15.21 13299-900628-2153 -De15.22 Tzevee, in Arabic zaby, Chaldee and Syriac tavya, denotes the gazelle or antelope, so called from its stately beauty, as the word imports. In size it is smaller than the roe, of an elegant form, and it motions are light and graceful. It bounds seemingly without effort, and runs with such swiftness that few creatures can exceed it. and its flesh is much esteemed for food among eastern nations, having a sweet, musky taste, which is highly agreeable to their palates. common all over the East, whereas the {roe} is either not known at all, or else very rare in these countries, little doubt can remain that the gazelle and the roe is intended by the original word. 13300-900628-2153 -De15.23 13301-900630-2128 -De16.1 9-12 of weeks 13-15 of tabernacles 16,17 Every male must offer, as he is able, at these three feasts 18-20 Of judges and justice 21,22 groves and images are forbidden This word comes fron the hebrew verb {pasach}, to pass, to leap or skip over. The destroying angel {passed over} the houses marked with the blood of the Paschal Lamb, so the wrath of God passes over those whose souls sprinkled with the blood of Christ. the death of Christ, we have redeption through his blood. It was killed before the tables of the law were delivered to Moses, or Aaron's sacrifices were enjoined; thus deliverance come to men, not by the works of the law, but by the only true passover, the {Lamb of God}. Christ should suffer death in htat month. upon the whole earth. The passover was roasted with fire, denoting the sharp and dreadful pains that Christ should suffer, not only from men, but God also. It was to be eaten with bitter herbs not only to put them in remembrance of their bitter bondage in Egypt, but also to testify out mortification to sin, and readiness to undergo afflictions for Christ in all that would profitably feed by faith on Christ, the true paschal lamb 13302-900630-2130 -De16.2 13303-900630-2153 -De16.3 13304-900630-2153 -De16.4 13305-900630-2154 -De16.5 13306-900630-2155 -De16.6 13307-900630-2156 -De16.7 13308-900630-2157 -De16.8 13309-900630-2158 -De16.9 13310-900630-2159 -De16.10 13311-900630-2200 -De16.11 13312-900630-2201 -De16.12 13313-900630-2203 -De16.13 13314-900630-2204 -De16.14 13315-900630-2204 -De16.15 13316-900630-2206 -De16.16 13317-900630-2207 -De16.17 13318-900630-2213 -De16.18 This expression may refer to the gate of the city, as the {forum} or place of public concourse among the Israelites, where a {court of judicature} was held, to try all causes and decide all affairs. The same practice obtained among other Eastern nation. The Ottomon court, it is well known, derived its appellation of the {Porte}, from the distribution of justice and the dispatch of public business at its gates. And the square towere which forms the principal entrance to the {Alhamra}, or red palace of the Moorish kings of Grenada, retains to this day the appelation of the {Gate of Judgment}, from it having been the place where justice was at one period summarily administered. 13319-900630-2216 -De16.19 13320-900630-2217 -De16.20 13321-900630-2217 -De16.21 13322-900630-2218 -De16.22 13323-900630-2222 -De17.1 2-7 Idolaters must be slain 8-11 Hard controversies are to be determined by the priests and judges 12,13 The contemner of that determination must die 14,15 The election 16-20 and duty of a king 13324-900630-2225 -De17.2 The expression, `within any of thy gates,' denoted all residing in the cities, and all who went in and come out at the gates of them; so that it included the inhabitants of the whole land. 13325-900630-2226 -De17.3 13326-900630-2226 -De17.4 13327-900630-2227 -De17.5 13328-900630-2227 -De17.6 13329-900630-2228 -De17.7 13330-900630-2230 -De17.8 13331-900630-2231 -De17.9 13332-900630-2232 -De17.10 13333-900630-2233 -De17.11 13334-900630-2235 -De17.12 13335-900630-2236 -De17.13 13336-900630-2237 -De17.14 13337-900630-2238 -De17.15 13338-900630-2245 -De17.16 Multiplying horses for chariots of war and cavalry, or for luxury, would increase the splendour of a monarch, and form a ground of confidence distinct from a proper confidence in God, and inconsistent with it, and with considering as the glory of Israel. Egypt abounded in horses; and the desire of multiplying these would induce the prince to encourage a trade with that kingdom; and this might make way the Israelites being again subjugated by the Egyptians, or at least corrupted by their idolatries and vices. Whereas, it was the command of God that they should no more return thither, but be totally detached from them. Besides, they might be tempted to extend their dominion by means of cavalry, and so get scattered among the surrounding idolatrous nations, and thus cease to be that distinct, separate people, which God intended they should be. 13339-900630-2254 -De17.17 13340-900630-2257 -De17.18 translated by the Septuagint, (), this Deuteronomy. From this version, both the Vulgate and all the modern versions have taken the name of this book; and from it the original word, the Jews call it Mishneh. 13341-900630-2258 -De17.19 13342-900630-2301 -De17.20 13343-900704-1644 -De18.1 3-5 The priests' due 6-8 The Levites' portion 9-14 The abominations of the nations are to be avoided 15-19 Christ the Prophet is to be heard 20-22 The presumptuous prophet is to die 13344-900630-2306 -De18.2 13345-900630-2307 -De18.3 13346-900630-2309 -De18.4 13347-900630-2310 -De18.5 13348-900630-2311 -De18.6 13349-900630-2311 -De18.7 13350-900630-2313 -De18.8 the fathers. 13351-900630-2313 -De18.9 13352-900630-2324 -De18.10 The precise import of the terms here used to express these unhallowed practices cannot be clearly ascertained: he {that useth divination, kosaim, kesamim}, seems a {general} term for the various species after specified; {observer of times, meonin}, one who pretends to foretel by the {clouds, planets, etc.} {enchanter menachesh, a diviner, either by means of {serpents}, or by inspecting the entrails of beasts, the flight of birds, etc.; {a witch, mecashsheph,} one who used magical {fumigations}; {a charmer, chover chaver}, one who uses spells, or a peculiar conjunction of words, or tying knots, etc.; {a consulter with familiar spirits, shoel ov, a pythoness; a wizard, yidoni, a cunning man; necromancer, doresh el hammaithim} one who {seeks} enquiries of the dead. 13353-900630-2324 -De18.11 13354-900630-2325 -De18.12 13355-900630-2326 -De18.13 13356-900630-2327 -De18.14 13357-900630-2328 -De18.15 13358-900630-2329 -De18.16 13359-900630-2329 -De18.17 13360-900630-2332 -De18.18 13361-900630-2332 -De18.19 13362-900630-2333 -De18.20 13363-900630-2334 -De18.21 13364-900630-2335 -De18.22 13365-900701-0842 -De19.1 4-13 The privilege thereof for the manslayer 14 The landmark is not to be removed 15 Two witnesses at least are required 16-21 the punishment of a false witness 13366-900701-0848 -De19.2 Unquestionably in imitation of these cities, the heathen had their {asyla} and the Roman Catholics their {privileged altars}; and similar traditions seem to obtain in many barbarous nations, forh `the North American Indian nations have most of them either a house or town of refuge, which is a sure asylum to protect a manslayer, or the unfortunate captive, if he once enter it. In almost every Indian nation, there are several towns, which are called old beloved, ancient, holy, or white towns, (white being their fixed emblem of peace, friendship, prosperity, happiness, purity, etc.) They seem to have been formerly towns of refuge; for it is not in the memory of the oldest people that human blood was shed in them. 13367-900701-0849 -De19.3 13368-900701-0851 -De19.4 13369-900701-0852 -De19.5 13370-900701-0854 -De19.6 13371-900701-0857 -De19.7 13372-900701-0856 -De19.8 13373-900701-0858 -De19.9 13374-900701-0859 -De19.10 13375-900701-0900 -De19.11 13376-900701-0901 -De19.12 13377-900701-0902 -De19.13 13378-900701-0908 -De19.14 Before the extensive use of fences, landed property was marked out by stones or posts, set up so as to ascertain the divisions of family estates. It was easy to remove one of these landmarks, and set it in a different place; and thus a dishonest man might enlarge his own estate by contracting that of his meighbor. Hence it was a matter of considerabel importance to prevent this crime among the Israelites; among whom, removing them would be equivalent to forging, altering, destroying, or concealing the title-deeds of an estate among us. Accordingly, by the Mosaic law, it was not only prohibited in the commandment against covetousness, but we find a particular curse expressly annexed to it in DE 27.17. Josephus considers this law a general prohibition, intended not only to protect private property, but also to preserve the boundaries of kingdoms and countries inviolable. 13379-900701-0909 -De19.15 13380-900701-0910 -De19.16 13381-900701-0910 -De19.17 13382-900701-0911 -De19.18 13383-900701-0912 -De19.19 13384-900701-0913 -De19.20 13385-900701-0913 -De19.21 13386-900701-0918 -De20.1 5-9 The officers' proclamation of who are to be dismissed from the war 10-15 How to use the cities that accept or refuse the proclamation of peace 16-18 What cities must be devoted 19,20 Trees of man's meat must not be destroyed in the siege 13387-900701-0919 -De20.2 13388-900701-0922 -De20.3 13389-900701-0924 -De20.4 13390-900701-0924 -De20.5 13391-900701-0925 -De20.6 13392-900701-0930 -De20.7 It was customary among the jews to contract matrimony, espouse, or betroth, and for a considerable time to leave the parties in the houses of the respective parents; and when the bridegroom had made proper preparations, then the bride was brought home to his house, and the marriage consummated. The provisions in ths verse refer to a case of this kind; though the Jews extend it to him who had newly consummated his marriage, and even to him who had married his brother's wife. It was deemed a peculiar hardship for a person to be obliged to go to battle, who had left a house unfinished, newly purchased land half tilled, or a wife with whom he had just contracted marriage. 13393-900701-0932 -De20.8 13394-900701-0932 -De20.9 13395-900701-0933 -De20.10 13396-900701-0935 -De20.11 13398-900701-0936 -De20.13 13399-900701-0938 -De20.14 13401-900701-0939 -De20.16 13402-900701-1436 -De20.17 13403-900701-1437 -De20.18 13404-900701-1445 -De20.19 employed in the siege. The original is exceedingly difficult. The LXX. has it, `Is the tree in the field a man, to enter the trench before thee?' The Latin Vulgate:`For it is a tree, and not a man, neither can it increase the number of those who war against thee;' Onkelos, `For the tree of the field is not as a man, that it should come against thee in the siege;' and to the same purpose the Arabic, Philo, and Josephus who say, `If trees could speak, they would cry out, that it is unjust that they, who were no cause of the war, should suffer the miseries of it.' However rendered, the sense is sufficiently clear: and it is a merciful provision to spare all the fruit trees for the support of both the besieged and besiegers. 13405-900701-1446 -De20.20 13406-900701-1449 -De21.1 10-14 The usage of a captive taken to wife 15-17 The first-born is not to be disinherited upon private affection 18-21 A rebellious son is to be stoned to death 22,23 The malefactor must not hang all night on a tree 13407-900701-1449 -De21.2 13408-900701-1450 -De21.3 13409-900701-1455 -De21.4 As the word {nachal} signifies both a {torrent}, and the {valley or glen} through which it flows, {nachal aithan} may be rendered a {rapid torrent} Many torrents in Judea are dry during a great part of the year; when not only their banks but their beds may be ploughed, and yield a crop. Hence there is no impropriety in specifying that such a place should be one that `is neither cared nor sown;' while the circumstance that the elders were to {wash} their hands over the heifer, whose head had been struck off into the stream, confirms this interpretation. The spot ground where this sacrifice was made must be {uncultivated}, because it was considered as a sacrifice for the atonement of murder, and, consequently, would {pollute} the land. 13410-900701-1456 -De21.5 13411-900701-1458 -De21.6 Washing the hands was anciently a symbolical action, denoting that the person was innocent of the crime in question. 13412-900701-1500 -De21.7 13413-900701-1502 -De21.8 13414-900701-1502 -De21.9 13415-900701-1504 -De21.10 13416-900701-1505 -De21.11 13417-900701-1513 -De21.12 This was in token of renouncing her religion, and becoming a proselyte to that of the jews. This is still a custom in the East: when a Christian turns Mohammedan, his head is shaved, and he is carried throught the city crying {le eelah eela allah wemochammed resoolu llahee, `There is no God but the GOD, and Mohammed is the prophet of God.' grow, but dressing or beautifying them as the Eastern women still do by tinging them with leave of an odoriferous plant called alhenna, which Hasselquist (p.246) informs us, `grows in India and in upper and lower Egypt, flowering from May to August. The leaves are pulverized and made into a paste with water: they bond this paste on the nails of their hands and feet, and keep it on all night. This gives them a deep yellow, which is greatly admired by Eastern nations. The colour lasts for three or four weeks before there is occassion to renew it. The custom is so ancient in Egypt, that I have seen the nails of mummies dyed in this manner.' 13418-900701-1514 -De21.13 13419-900701-1515 -De21.14 13420-900701-1516 -De21.15 13421-900701-1516 -De21.16 13422-900701-1520 -De21.17 13423-900701-1522 -De21.18 13424-900701-1523 -De21.19 13425-900701-1524 -De21.20 13426-900701-1525 -De21.21 13427-900701-1532 -De21.22 The Hebrews understand this not of putting to death by hanging, but of hanging a manup after he was stoned to death; which was done more ignominiously of some heinous malefactors. We have the examples of Rechab and Baanah, who, for murdering Ish-bosheth, were slain by David's commandment, their hand and feet cut off, and {then} hanged up. heads (chief men) of the people, and hang them up before the Lord against the sun, that the fierce anger of the Lord may be turned away from Israel.' Among the Romans, in after ages, they hanged, or rather fastened to the tree ALIVE; and such was the cruel death of our blessed Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. 13428-900701-1540 -De21.23 highest degree of reproach that can attach to a man, and proclaims him under the curse of God as much as any external punishment can. They that see him thus hanging between heaven and earth, will conclude him abandoned of both, and unworthy of either. Bp. Patrick cobserves, that this passage is applied to the death of Christ; not only because he bare our sins and was exposed to shame, as these malefactors were that were accursed of God, but because he was in the evening taken down from the cursed tree and buried, (and that by the particular care of the Jews, with an eye to this law, jno 19.31) in token, that now the guilt being removed, the law was satisfied, as it was when the malefactors had hanged till sun-set: it demanded no more. Those, and those that are his, ceased to be a curse. And as the land of Israel was pure and clean when the body was buried, so the church is washed and cleansed by the complete satisfaction which Christ thus made. 13429-900701-1546 -De22.1 5 The sex is to be distinguished by apparel 6,7 The dam is not to be taken with her young ones 8 The house must have battlements 9-11 Confusion is to be avoided 12 Fringes upon the vesture 13-21 The punishment of him that slanders his wife 22 of adultery 23-27 of rape 28,29 of fornication 30 of incest 13430-900701-1547 -De22.2 13432-900701-1548 -De22.4 13433-900701-1549 -De22.5 13434-900701-1550 -De22.6 13435-900701-1555 -De22.7 The extirpation of any species of birds, whether edible or birds of prey, is often attended with serious consequences, and is always productive of evil; to prevent which was the object of this law. Palestine is siutated in a climate producing poisonous snakes and scorpions, and between deserts and mountains, from which it would be inundated by them, as well as with immense swarms of flies, locusts, and mice, if the birds which feed upon them were extirpated. In a moral point of view, it may have been intended to inculcate a spirit of mercy and kindness, and to prevent the exercise of such cruelty will, if circumstances be favourable, be cruel to his fellow-creatures. 13436-900701-1558 -De22.8 The eastern house being built with flat roofs, which were used for various purposed, as walking, sleeping, etc., it was therefore necessary to have a sort of battlement, or balustrade, to prevent accidents, by people falling off. 13437-900701-1559 -De22.9 13438-900701-1601 -De22.10 pull pleasantly either in cart or plough; and the ass being lower than the ox, when yoked, he must bear the principal part of the weight. 13439-900701-1601 -De22.11 13440-900701-1602 -De22.12 13441-900701-1603 -De22.13 13442-900701-1605 -De22.14 13443-900701-1606 -De22.15 13447-900701-1606 -De22.19 13449-900701-1608 -De22.21 13450-900701-1609 -De22.22 13451-900701-1610 -De22.23 13452-900701-1612 -De22.24 In these laws, the betrothed damsel was considered as the {wife} of the man to whom she was engaged, though they had not come together; and therefore the crime was adjudged adultery. But a charitable supposition is admitted in the damsel's fovour, in case she was found in a solitary place. 13453-900701-1613 -De22.25 13454-900701-1614 -De22.26 13455-900701-1614 -De22.27 13456-900701-1615 -De22.28 13457-900701-1615 -De22.29 13458-900701-1618 -De22.30 This is to be understood as referring to the case of a stepmother. A man in his old age may have married a young woman, and on his dying, his son by another, or a former wife, may desire to espouse her; which is forbidden. 13459-900701-1640 -De23.1 9-14 Uncleanness is to be avoided in the host 15,16 Of the fugitive servant 17 Of filthiness 18 Of aabominable sacrifices 19 Of usury 20-23 Of vows 24,25 Of trespass It is evident that his law was not meant to exclude such Israelites either from the common benefits of civil society, or any essential religious advantages; but merely to lay them under a disgraceful distinction. This would tend to discourage parents from thus treating their children; a practice which was exceedingly common in those ages and countries. To this they were induced by the custom which prevailed, of employing such in the houses in the great and the courts of princes; so they often rose to the highest posts of honour and authority. Some expositers therefore consider the phrase, `shall not enter into the congregation of the Lord,' as meaning, that they should be incapable of bearing any office in that government which was placed over the people of God, who must thus enter a protest against this custom, and deliver selfish parents from this temptation. 13460-900701-1641 -De23.2 13461-900701-1645 -De23.3 These nations were subjected for their impiety, wickedness, and enmity to Israel, to peculiar disgrace; and on this account were not permitted to hold any office among the Israelites. This did not, however, disqualify them from becoming proselytes; for Ruth, who was a Moabitess, was married to Boaz, and became one of the progenitors of our Lord 13462-900701-1646 -De23.4 13463-900701-1649 -De23.5 13464-900701-1650 -De23.6 13465-900701-1651 -De23.7 13466-900701-1652 -De23.8 13467-900701-1654 -De23.9 13468-900701-1655 -De23.10 13469-900701-1657 -De23.11 13470-900701-1659 -De23.12 Nu 1 and 2) and indeed, as Schuchzer remarks, in every well regulated camp, cleanliness is considered as indispensably necessary. 13471-900701-1700 -De23.13 13472-900701-1701 -De23.14 13473-900701-1704 -De23.15 entertain slaves who had robbed their masters, or left their service without cause; but such only as were cruelly treated, and fled to them for protection, especially from the neighboring nations. To such they were commanded to afford shelter, and shew great kindness. 13474-900701-1707 -De23.16 13475-900701-1713 -De23.17 The prohibition in the text, like many others, has no direct application to practices that were common among the Israelites at that time; but was intended to guard them against the enormities which were practised among the surrounding nations. 13476-900701-1715 -De23.18 13477-900701-1717 -De23.19 13478-900701-1719 -De23.20 13479-900701-1722 -De23.21 13481-900701-1725 -De23.23 13482-900701-1726 -De23.24 13483-900701-1728 -De23.25 13484-900701-1735 -De24.1 5 A new married man goes not to war 6 Of pledges 10-13 Of pledges 7 Of man-stealers 8,9 Of leprosy 14,15 The hire is to be given 16 Of justice 19-22 Of charity 13485-900701-1736 -De24.2 13487-900701-1737 -De24.4 13488-900701-1739 -De24.5 13489-900701-1746 -De24.6 Small hand-mills, which ground at one time only a sufficient quantity for day's consumption; hence they were forbidden to take either of the stones to pledge, because if they did, they would be deprived of the means of preparing their necessary food, and the family be without bread, and the family be without bread. On this account they are called in the text, {a man's life} The same reason holds good against receiving in pledge, or distraining for debt, any instrument of labour, by which men earn their livelihood 13490-900701-1747 -De24.7 13491-900701-1749 -De24.8 13492-900701-1750 -De24.9 13493-900701-1752 -De24.10 brother. 13495-900701-1752 -De24.12 13496-900701-1759 -De24.13 the same as the hyke of the Arabs, a long kind of blanket, resembling a Highland plaid, generally about six yards in length, and five or six feet broad; in which they often carry their provisions, as well as wrap themselves in, in the day, sleep in at night, it being their only substitute for a bed. how necessary, then, it was to restore the hyke to a poor man before the going down of the sun, that he might have something to repose on, will sufficiently appear from these considerations. 13497-900701-1800 -De24.14 13498-900701-1802 -De24.15 13499-900701-1803 -De24.16 13500-900701-1805 -De24.17 13501-900701-1806 -De24.18 13502-900701-1808 -De24.19 13503-900701-1809 -De24.20 13504-900701-1809 -De24.21 13505-900701-1810 -De24.22 13506-900701-1819 -De25.1 4 The ox is not to be muzzled 5-10 Of raising seed unto a brother 11,12 Of the immodest woman 13-16 Of unjust weights and measures 17-19 The memory of Amalek is to be blotted out 13507-900701-1819 -De25.2 13508-900701-1822 -De25.3 That is, be beaten so cruelly, that, by retaining the marks, he become contemptible in the eyes of his brethren. Amendment, and not this, was the object of the punishment. we should hate despise the sin, but not the sinner. 13509-900701-1825 -De25.4 In Judea, as well as in Egypt, Greece, and Italy, they made use of beeves to tread out the corn; and the same mode of threshing still obtains in Arabia, Barbary, and other eastern countries, to the present day. The sheaves lie open and expanded on the threshing floors, and the cattle continually move round them, and thus tread out the grain. The natives of Aleppo still religiously observe the ancient humane practice, inculcated by this law, of permitting the oxen to remain unmuzzled when treading out the corn. 13510-900701-1826 -De25.5 13511-900701-1827 -De25.6 13513-900701-1828 -De25.8 13514-900701-1831 -De25.9 Pulling off the shoe seems to express his being degraded to the situation of slaves, who generally went barefoot; and spitting in or rather before (biphney) his face, was a mark of the utmost ignominy. 13516-900701-1831 -De25.11 13517-900701-1832 -De25.12 13518-900701-1835 -De25.13 Aivenwaaiven; because weights were anciently made of stone. Hence the expression, a stone weight, which is still in use, though the matter of which it is made be lead or iron, and the name itself shews us that a stone of a certain weight was formerly used. 13519-900701-1839 -De25.14 Aiphah waaiphah; for this was the cost common measure among the Israelites, by which all the others were made and adjusted. They are not only forbidden to use divers weights and measures, one large or heavy to buy with, and another small and light to sell with, but they were not even allowed to keep such in the house. It is observable also, that these too common but dishonest actions are branded as `an abomination to the Lord,' equally with idolatry, and other scandalous crimes. 13520-900701-1840 -De25.15 13521-900701-1840 -De25.16 13522-900701-1841 -De25.17 13523-900701-1841 -De25.18 13524-900701-1844 -De25.19 13525-900701-1847 -De26.1 12-15 The prayer of him that gives his third year's tithes 16-19 The covenant between God and his people 13526-900701-1849 -De26.2 13527-900701-2201 -De26.3 13528-900701-2202 -De26.4 13529-900701-2204 -De26.5 Jacob being called a Syrian from his long resodence in Padan- aram 13530-900701-2206 -De26.6 13531-900701-2208 -De26.7 13532-900701-2210 -De26.8 13533-900701-2211 -De26.9 13534-900701-2212 -De26.10 13535-900701-2214 -De26.11 13536-900701-2215 -De26.12 13537-900701-2217 -De26.13 13538-900701-2217 -De26.14 13539-900701-2219 -De26.15 13540-900701-2220 -De26.16 13541-900701-2222 -De26.17 13542-900701-2223 -De26.18 13543-900701-2225 -De26.19 13544-900701-2227 -De27.1 5-10 and to build an altar of whole stones 11-13 The tribes to be divided on Gerizim and Ebal 14-26 The curses to be pronounced on mount Ebal 13545-900701-2230 -De27.2 Houbigant and others are of opinion that the original words, {wesadta othom beseed}, should be rendered `thou shalt cement them with cement,' because this was intended to be a {durable} monument. Some suppose that the writing was to be in {relievo}, and that the spaces were to be filled up by the mortar or cement; as is frequently the case with eastern inscriptions. 13546-900701-2232 -De27.3 This law probably means only the blessings and curses mentioned in this and the following chapter; which indeed contain an epitome of the whole law. 13547-900701-2235 -De27.4 The Samaritan text has {in mount Gerizim}; which has given rise to a violent controversy. Dr. Kennicott suppose that the Jews corrupted this passage out of their enmity to the Samaritans, who had their temple on mount Gerizim; while Dr. Parry and H. Verschuir defend the present reading: to the writings of these authors the reader is referred/ 13548-900701-2236 -De27.5 13549-900701-2237 -De27.6 13550-900701-2239 -De27.7 13551-900701-2240 -De27.8 13552-900701-2241 -De27.9 13553-900701-2242 -De27.10 13555-900701-2246 -De27.12 Mount Gerizim and mount Ebal being only separated by a narrow valley, not above a furlong broad, what was spoken with a loud voice on the one might be heard on the other, (See Ju 9.7) It is probably, however, that the particle al should be rendered {by}, as it frequently signifies; for when this direction was reduced to practice, (Jos 8.33) it seems that the people did not stand on the mountains, but over against them in the plain. But the Talmud says, that six tribes went up on each, while the priest and Levites and the ark remined beneath 13556-900701-2247 -De27.13 13557-900701-2247 -De27.14 13558-900701-2256 -De27.15 to each of the curses the people were to say Amen, as well as to the blessings; to denote a profession of their faith in the truth of them, that they were the real declarations of the wrath of God; and an acknowledgement of the equity of these curses. It was such an imprecation upon themselves, as strongly obliged them to have nothing to do with those evil practices in which the curse is entailed. We read of those who entered a curse to walk in God's law. that they would observe God's laws, by which every man was obliged, as far as he could, to prevent his neighbor from breaking these laws, and to reprove those that had offended, lest they should bear sin and the curse for them. 13559-900701-2256 -De27.16 13560-900701-2257 -De27.17 13561-900701-2257 -De27.18 13562-900701-2258 -De27.19 13563-900701-2259 -De27.20 13564-900701-2259 -De27.21 13565-900701-2300 -De27.22 13566-900701-2300 -De27.23 13567-900701-2301 -De27.24 13568-900701-2303 -De27.25 13569-900701-2305 -De27.26 13570-900704-0813 -De28.1 15-68 The curses for disobedience 13571-900704-0814 -De28.2 13572-900704-0816 -De28.3 13573-900704-0817 -De28.4 13574-900704-0820 -De28.5 By basket, may be understood the olive gathering and vintage, in which it was employed; and by the store of remainder, all laid up for future use, or prepared for present consumption. 13575-900704-0820 -De28.6 13576-900704-0823 -De28.7 13577-900704-0825 -De28.8 13578-900704-0827 -De28.9 13579-900704-0829 -De28.10 13580-900704-0830 -De28.11 13581-900704-0831 -De28.12 13582-900704-0832 -De28.13 13583-900704-0833 -De28.14 13584-900704-0837 -De28.15 The same variety of expression is used in these terrible curses, as in the preceding blessings, to intimate every kind of prosperity or adversity, personal, relative, and public. Consulting the marginal references will genrally lead to the best exposition of the terms employed; and will frequently point out the fulfilment of the promises and threatenings. 13585-900704-0840 -De28.16 13586-900704-0841 -De28.17 13587-900704-0843 -De28.18 13588-900704-0844 -De28.19 13589-900704-0846 -De28.20 13590-900704-0847 -De28.21 13591-900704-0849 -De28.22 13592-900704-0852 -De28.23 atmosphere which was over judea, instead of being replenished with aqueous vapors, should become, with respect to moisture, like brass: and consequently their land would become as hard as iron, and wholly incapable of cultivation; while the clouds might give showers in abundance, and the earth be moist and fruitful in other regions. 13593-900704-0855 -De28.24 This was a natural consequence of their heaven's being brass, or yielding no rain; for the surface of the earth being reduced to powder, and frequently taken up by strong winds, would fall down in showers instead of rain. These showers of sand frequently, in the East, bury whole caravans. 13594-900704-0856 -De28.25 13595-900704-0857 -De28.26 13596-900704-0859 -De28.27 13597-900704-0900 -De28.28 13598-900704-0901 -De28.29 13599-900704-0903 -De28.30 13600-900704-0904 -De28.31 13601-900704-0908 -De28.32 In several countries, particularly in Spain and Portugal, the children of the jews have been taken from them, by order of the government, to be educated in the Popish faith. 13602-900704-0908 -De28.33 13603-900704-0909 -De28.34 13604-900704-0910 -De28.35 13605-900704-0914 -De28.36 The israelites, who were carried captive by the Assryians, and many of the jews in Chaldea, were finally incorporated with the nations among whom they lived, and were given up to their idolatry. It is probable, however, that this refers to Jews being compelled, in Popish countries, to conceal their religion, and profess that of the Romish church. 13606-900704-0916 -De28.37 The name of Jew has long been a proverbial mark of detestation and contempt among all the nations whither they have been dispersed, and is so to this day, whether among Christians, Mohmammedans, or Pagans. 13607-900704-0922 -De28.38 13608-900704-0924 -De28.39 13609-900704-0924 -De28.40 13610-900704-0926 -De28.41 13611-900704-0927 -De28.42 13612-900704-0928 -De28.43 13613-900704-0929 -De28.44 13614-900704-0930 -De28.45 13615-900704-0931 -De28.46 13616-900704-0932 -De28.47 13617-900704-0933 -De28.48 13618-900704-0940 -De28.49 Though the Chaldeans are frequently described under the figure of an eagle, yet these verses especially predict the desolations brought on the Jews by the Romans; who came from a country far more distant than Chaldea; whose conquests were as rapid as the eagle's flight, and whose standard bore this very figure; who spake a language to which the Jews were then entire strangers, being wholly unlike the Hebrew, of which the Chaldee was merely a dialect; whose appearance and victories were terrible; and whose yoke was a yoke of iron; and the havoc which they made tremendous. 13619-900704-0942 -De28.50 13620-900704-0944 -De28.51 13621-900704-0945 -De28.52 13622-900704-0946 -De28.53 13623-900704-0953 -De28.54 The Roman armies at length besieged, sacked, and utterly desolated Jerusalem: and during this seige, the famine was so extreme, that even rich and delicate persons, both men and women, ate their own children, and concealed the horrible repast, lest others should tear it from them! `Women snatched the food out of the very mouths of their husbands, and sons of their fathers, and (what is most miserable) mothers of their infants.' `In every house, if there appeared any semblence of food, a battle ensued, and the dearest friends and relations fought with one another; snatching away from the miserable provisions of life.' `A woman distinguished by birth and wealth, after she had been plundered by the tyrants (or soldiers) of all her possessions, boiling her own sucking child, ate half of him, and concealing the other half, reserved it for another time!' 13624-900704-0954 -De28.55 13625-900704-0955 -De28.56 13626-900704-0956 -De28.57 13627-900704-0957 -De28.58 13628-900704-0959 -De28.59 13629-900704-0959 -De28.60 13630-900704-0959 -De28.61 13631-900704-1003 -De28.62 In the seige of Jerusalem there died 1,100,000 persons, and more than 90,000 were carried captive; and, having afterwards provoked the Romans by their crimes and rebellions, they persecuted them nearly to extirpation; to which, if the tens of thousands which were slaughtered year after year in every country be added, it appears wonderful that there were any remains left. 13632-900704-1009 -De28.63 13633-900704-1010 -De28.64 13634-900704-1015 -De28.65 After the conquest of their country by the Romans, Hadrian, by a public decree, ratified by the senate, forbad any Jew to come even within sight of Judea; and hence they were dispersed over every quarter of the globe, where they found no alleviation or respite from misery. In no country are they treated as denziens; all suspect them as enemies, and behave to them as aliens; if they do not, as had been too frequently the case, harass, oppress, and persecute them, even unto death. 13635-900704-1015 -De28.66 13636-900704-1016 -De28.67 13637-900704-1020 -De28.68 This verse seems especially to point out an event, which took place subsequently to the destruction of Jerusalem by Titus, and the desolation by Hadrian. Numbers of the captives were sent by sea into Egypt (as well as into other countries), and sold for slaves at a vile proce, and for the meanest offices; and many thousands were left to perish from want; for the multitude was so great, that purchasers could not be found for them all at any price! 13638-900704-1024 -De29.1 they had seen 10-17 All are presented before the Lord to enter into his covenant 18-28 The great wrath on hime that flatters himself in his wickedness 29 Secret things belong unto God 13639-900704-1025 -De29.2 13640-900704-1028 -De29.3 13641-900704-1030 -De29.4 13642-900704-1031 -De29.5 13643-900704-1032 -De29.6 13644-900704-1033 -De29.7 13645-900704-1033 -De29.8 13646-900704-1034 -De29.9 13647-900704-1036 -De29.10 13648-900704-1036 -De29.11 13649-900704-1041 -De29.12 This is an allusion to the solemn ceremony used by several ancient nations, when they entered into a covenant with each other. The victims, slain as a sacrifice on this occasion, were divided, and and parts laid asunder: the contracting parties then passed between them, imprecating, as a cursed on those who violated the sacred compact, that they might in like manner be cut asundr. the divided parts of a victim was used also among the Chaldeans and other people. 13650-900704-1042 -De29.13 13651-900704-1043 -De29.14 13652-900704-1043 -De29.15 13653-900704-1044 -De29.16 13654-900704-1044 -De29.17 13655-900704-1046 -De29.18 13656-900704-1052 -De29.19 A very forcible metaphor, denoting the natural progress and increasing avidity of sinful passions and depraved inclinations; which lead men to drink down iniquity as the drunkard does his liquor, without regard to the consequences. Some rendor, `to add thirst to drunkenness;' and then it implies the insatiableness of men's sinful passions, which hander for more and more indulgence after the greatest excesses. 13657-900704-1055 -De29.20 13658-900704-1057 -De29.21 13659-900704-1058 -De29.22 made it sick. 13660-900704-1059 -De29.23 13661-900704-1112 -De29.24 13662-900704-1114 -De29.25 13663-900704-1116 -De29.26 13664-900704-1116 -De29.27 13665-900704-1118 -De29.28 13666-900704-1120 -De29.29 13667-900704-1125 -De30.1 11-14 The commandment is manifest 15-20 Death and life are set before them 13668-900704-1127 -De30.2 13669-900704-1129 -De30.3 This seems to refer to a more extensive captivity than that which the Jews suffered in Babylon. 13670-900704-1134 -De30.4 As this promise refers to a return from a captivity among all nations, consequently it cannot be exclusively the Babylonish captivity which is intended; and the repossession of thier land must be different from that which was consequent on their return from Babylon. Nor at that period could it be said that they were multiplied more than their fathers, or, as the Hebrew imports, made greater than their fathers, when after their return they were tributary to the Persians, and afterwards fell under the power of the Greeks, under whom they suffered much; nor have their hearts, as a nation, yet been circumcised. 13672-900704-1137 -De30.6 13673-900704-1138 -De30.7 13674-900704-1140 -De30.8 13675-900704-1141 -De30.9 13676-900704-1144 -De30.10 13677-900704-1150 -De30.11 Or as the word {niphlaith} implies, not too {wonderful} for thee to comprehend or perform; but easily to be acquainted with, and understood, because clearly revealed: neither is it afar off; it was proclaimed in you ears from mount Sinai, and is now proclaimed in the sanctuary: it is not in heaven, for it has been already revealed: neither is it beyond the sea that you need travel for instruction, as the ancient philosophers did, or seek instruction from men, at immense labour and expense; but the word is very nigh to thee; brought to thy very doors; in thy mouth, and in thy heart; made so familiar as to afford a topic of common discourse, that it might be laid up in the memory and reduced to practice. 13678-900704-1150 -De30.12 13679-900704-1151 -De30.13 13680-900704-1152 -De30.14 13681-900704-1153 -De30.15 13682-900704-1154 -De30.16 13683-900704-1155 -De30.17 13684-900704-1156 -De30.18 13685-900704-1158 -De30.19 13686-900704-1200 -De30.20 13687-900704-1205 -De31.1 7,8 He encourages Joshua 9-13 He delivers the law unto the priests to be read in the seventh year to the people 14-18 God gives a charge to Joshua 19-23 and a song to testify against the people 24-27 Mose delivers the book of the law to the Levites to keep 28-30 He makes a protestation 13688-900704-1211 -De31.2 The life of Moses, the great prophet of Jehovah and lawgiver of the Jews, was exactly the same in length as the time Noah employed in preaching righteousness to the antediluvian world. These one hundred and twenty years were divided into three remarkable priods. Forty years he lived in Egypt, in the court of Pharaoh, acquiring all the learning and wisdom of the Egyptians his great and important mission the express direction and authority of God: in all 120 years 13689-900704-1214 -De31.3 13690-900704-1216 -De31.4 13691-900704-1216 -De31.5 13692-900704-1219 -De31.6 13693-900704-1220 -De31.7 13694-900704-1221 -De31.8 13695-900704-1223 -De31.9 13696-900704-1224 -De31.10 13697-900704-1225 -De31.11 13698-900704-1226 -De31.12 13699-900704-1227 -De31.13 13700-900704-1229 -De31.14 13701-900704-1229 -De31.15 13702-900704-1237 -De31.16 take rest in sleep, and metaphorically, to die. Though much stress cannot be safely laid upon the expression to prove the immortality of the soul, or that the people, in the time of Moses, had a distinct notion of its separate existence; yet is was understood in this sense by Jonathan, who paraphrases the words thus, `Thou shalt lie down in the dust with thy fathers; and thy soul {nishmatoch) shall be laid up in the treasury of the life to come, with thy fathers.' 13703-900704-1242 -De31.17 Though this may allude to the withdrawing of the Shechinah, or visible appearance of Jehovah, yet the general meaning of the expression in Scripture is, the withdrawing of his approbation and protection, of which his visible appearance was formerly the sign and pledge. 13704-900704-1243 -De31.18 13705-900704-1245 -De31.19 13706-900704-1247 -De31.20 13707-900704-1250 -De31.21 A sacred song, appointed to be composed by Moses, doubtless under divine inspiration; which the people were required to learn, and teach to their children from generation to generation. 13708-900704-1250 -De31.22 13709-900704-1251 -De31.23 13710-900704-1252 -De31.24 13711-900704-1252 -De31.25 13712-900704-1253 -De31.26 13713-900704-1254 -De31.27 13714-900704-1255 -De31.28 13715-900704-1258 -De31.29 13716-900704-1258 -De31.30 13717-900704-1427 -De32.1 46-47 He exhorts them to set their hearts upon it 48-52 God sends him up to mount Nebo to see the land, and to die 13718-900704-1428 -De32.2 13719-900704-1431 -De32.3 13720-900704-1436 -De32.4 13721-900704-1439 -De32.5 13722-900704-1442 -De32.6 13723-900704-1444 -De32.7 13724-900704-1445 -De32.8 13725-900704-1447 -De32.9 13726-900704-1449 -De32.10 13727-900704-1449 -De32.11 13728-900704-1507 -De32.12 13729-900704-1508 -De32.13 13730-900704-1510 -De32.14 13731-900704-1513 -De32.15 13732-900704-1513 -De32.16 13733-900704-1515 -De32.17 13734-900704-1517 -De32.18 13735-900704-1519 -De32.19 13736-900704-1521 -De32.20 13737-900704-1522 -De32.21 13738-900704-1525 -De32.22 13739-900704-1527 -De32.23 13740-900704-1528 -De32.24 13741-900704-1530 -De32.25 13742-900704-1530 -De32.26 13743-900704-1533 -De32.27 13744-900704-1534 -De32.28 13745-900704-1535 -De32.29 13746-900704-1537 -De32.30 13747-900704-1538 -De32.31 13748-900704-1540 -De32.32 13749-900704-1540 -De32.33 13750-900704-1541 -De32.34 13751-900704-1543 -De32.35 13752-900704-1554 -De32.36 13753-900704-1555 -De32.37 13754-900704-1556 -De32.38 13755-900704-1559 -De32.39 13756-900704-1550 -De32.40 13757-900704-1551 -De32.41 13758-900704-1607 -De32.42 The word {paroth}, rendered {revenges}, a sense in which it never seems to be used, had rendered this passage very obscure. As the word {paira} signifies the {hair of the head}, both in Hebrew and Arabic, Mr. Parkhurst and others rneder {mairosh parorth}, `from the hairy head;' but to have this sense, the words should rather have beem {mipparoth rosh}, according the Hebrew idiom. The word {farou}, in Arabic, however, also denotes a prince or chief; and the words may be literally rendered, with the LXX () `from the head of the chiefs of the enemies.' The {hyperbaton}, or trans- position of words from their grammatical order, is very observable in this verse; the third member forming a continuation of the first, and fourth of the second. 13759-900704-1611 -De32.43 13760-900704-1611 -De32.44 13761-900704-1614 -De32.45 13762-900704-1614 -De32.46 13763-900704-1615 -De32.47 13764-900704-1616 -De32.48 13765-900704-1617 -De32.49 13766-900704-1618 -De32.50 13767-900704-1619 -De32.51 13768-900704-1620 -De32.52 13769-900704-1625 -De33.1 6-25 The blessings of the twelve tribes 26-29 The excellency of Israel 13770-900704-1627 -De33.2 13771-900704-1631 -De33.3 13772-900704-1632 -De33.4 13773-900704-1633 -De33.5 13774-900704-1633 -De33.6 13775-900704-1636 -De33.7 13776-900704-1638 -De33.8 13777-900704-1639 -De33.9 13778-900704-1642 -De33.10 13779-900704-1647 -De33.11 13780-900704-1649 -De33.12 13781-900704-1650 -De33.13 13782-900704-1652 -De33.14 13783-900704-1652 -De33.15 13784-900704-1654 -De33.16 13785-900704-1656 -De33.17 13786-900704-1657 -De33.18 13787-900704-1710 -De33.19 13788-900704-1711 -De33.20 13789-900704-1713 -De33.21 13790-900704-1714 -De33.22 13791-900704-1715 -De33.23 13792-900704-1716 -De33.24 13793-900704-1717 -De33.25 13794-900704-1721 -De33.26 13795-900704-1725 -De33.27 13796-900704-1726 -De33.28 13797-900704-1729 -De33.29 13798-900704-1732 -De34.1 5 He dies there 6 His burial 7 His age 8 Thirty days mourning for him 9 Joshua succeeds him 10-12 The praise of Moses 13799-900704-1733 -De34.2 13800-900704-1734 -De34.3 13801-900704-1735 -De34.4 13802-900704-1736 -De34.5 13803-900704-1736 -De34.6 13804-900704-1737 -De34.7 13805-900704-1738 -De34.8 13806-900704-1739 -De34.9 13807-900704-1740 -De34.10 13808-900704-1741 -De34.11 Rather, `with respect to all the signs and wonders,' etc. 13810-900707-1117 -Jos1.1 CONCLUDING REMARKS ON JOSHUA The book of Joshua is one of the most important documents in the Old Testament. The rapid conquest of the Promised Land, and the actual settlement of the Israelites in it, afford a striking accomplishment of the Divine predictions to Abraham and the succeeding patriaarchs; and at the same time bear the most unequivocal and simple testimony to the authenticity of this sacred book. Several of the transactions related in it are confirmed in a very extraordinary manner, by the traditions current among heathen nations, and preserved by ancient profane historians of undoubted character. Thus there are monuments still in existance, which prove that the Carthaginians were a colony of Syrians that escaped from Joshua; as also that the inhabitants of Leptis, in Africa, can originally from the Sidonians, who abandoned their country on account of the calamities with which it was overwhelmed. Procopius relates that the Phoenecians fled before the Hebrews in Africa, and spread themselves abroad as far as the pillars of Hercules; and adds, "In Numida, where now stands the city Tigisis (Tangiers), they have errected two columns, on which, in Phoenecian characters, is the following inscription:--"We are the Phoenecians who fled from the face of Jesus (Joshua) the the son of Naue" (Nun). 3,4 The borders of the promised land 5-7 God promises to assist Joshua 8,9 He gives him instructions 10,11 Joshua prepares the the people to pass over Jordan 12-15 He puts the two tribes and a half in mind of their promise to Moses 16-18 They promise him fealty 13811-900707-1135 -Jos1.2 13812-900707-1144 -Jos1.3 13813-900707-1147 -Jos1.4 That is, their utmost limits should be from the Desert of Arabia Petraea on the south, to Lebanon on the north; and from the Euphrates on the east, to the Great Sea, of the Mediterranean, on the west. The Israelites did not possess the full extent of this grant till the time of david 13814-900707-1152 -Jos1.5 13815-900707-1155 -Jos1.6 the land. 13816-900707-1158 -Jos1.7 13817-900707-1201 -Jos1.8 13818-900707-1202 -Jos1.9 13819-900707-1205 -Jos1.10 The shoterim, or officers, were different from the shophetim, who were the judges among the people. The shoterim have been supposed to be subordinate officers, whose business it was to see the decisons of the shphetim carried into effect. Calmet conjectures, that the shoterim haer may have been the heralds of the army. 13820-900707-1206 -Jos1.11 13822-900707-1207 -Jos1.13 13823-900707-1208 -Jos1.14 13824-900707-1209 -Jos1.15 13825-900707-1209 -Jos1.16 13826-900707-1210 -Jos1.17 13827-900707-1212 -Jos1.18 13828-900707-1225 -Jos2.1 8-22 The covenant between her and them 23,24 Ther return and relation Though the word {zonah} generally denotes a prostitute, yet many very learned men are of opinion that it should be here rendered an {innkeeper} or {hostess}, from {zoon} to furnish or provide food. In this sense it was understood by the Targumist, who renders it, {ittetha pundekeetha, `a woman, a tavern-keeper}, and so St. Chrysostome, in his second sermon on Repentence, calls her (). The Greek () by which the LXX. render it, and which is adopted by the Apostles, is derived from () to sell, and is also supposed to denote a tavern keeper. Among the ancients, women generally kept houses of entertainment. Herodotus says, `Among the Egyptians, the women carry on all commercial concerns, and keep taverns, while the men continue at home and weave.' The same custom prevailed among the Greeks. 13829-900707-1226 -Jos2.2 13830-900707-1439 -Jos2.3 13831-900707-1448 -Jos2.4 13832-900707-1449 -Jos2.5 13833-900707-1450 -Jos2.6 13834-900707-1451 -Jos2.7 13836-900707-1454 -Jos2.9 13837-900707-1454 -Jos2.10 13838-900707-1456 -Jos2.11 13839-900707-1501 -Jos2.12 13840-900707-1504 -Jos2.13 It is observable that in this enumeration of her kindred, there is no mention made of a {husband}. It is most likely that she was a single woman or widow, who obtained an honest livelihood by keeping a house for the entertainment of strangers; and not a woman of ill fame, as some have supposed. The spies sent on this occasion were certainly some of the most confidential persons that Joshua had in his host, and their errand was of the greatest importance; is it then not most likely that they lodged at an inn? 13841-900707-1505 -Jos2.14 13842-900707-1506 -Jos2.15 13843-900707-1507 -Jos2.16 13844-900707-1507 -Jos2.17 13845-900707-1510 -Jos2.18 13846-900707-1512 -Jos2.19 13847-900707-1512 -Jos2.20 13848-900707-1513 -Jos2.21 13849-900707-1514 -Jos2.22 13851-900707-1515 -Jos2.24 13852-900707-1528 -Jos3.1 2-6 The officers instruct the people for their passage 7,8 The Lord encourages Joshua 9-13 Joshua encourages the people 14-17 The water of Jordan are divided Archbishop Usher supposes, that this was upon Wednesday, the 28th of April, A. M. 2553, the fortieth year of the Exodus from Egypt. From Shittim, where the israelites had been encamped for about two months (De 1.3), to the Jordan, was, according to Josephus, about sixty stadia; that is, between seven and eight English miles. Jordan, called by the Arabs El Sharia, takes its rise in Anti -Libanus, about twelve miles north of Caesarea Philippi, now Bannias; and, having run about twelve miles southward, it receives a considerable stream, which is now called the Moiet Hasbeia. About 15 miles farther, it forms the waters of Merom or Semechon, now Houle; and, after running about 28 miles more, it passes through the lake of Gennesareth, and thense runs southward till it loses itself in the Dead Sea; its whole course being about 160 miles. 13853-900707-1528 -Jos3.2 13854-900707-1530 -Jos3.3 13855-900707-1532 -Jos3.4 13856-900707-1534 -Jos3.5 13857-900707-1534 -Jos3.6 13858-900707-1535 -Jos3.7 13859-900707-1537 -Jos3.8 13860-900707-1537 -Jos3.9 13861-900707-1540 -Jos3.10 13862-900707-1541 -Jos3.11 13863-900707-1541 -Jos3.12 13864-900707-1543 -Jos3.13 13865-900707-1544 -Jos3.14 13866-900707-1549 -Jos3.15 The ordinary current of the Jordan, near where the Israelites crossed, is said by Maundrell, to be about twenty yards wide, deeper than a man's height, and so rapid, that there is no swimming against it. It has, however, two banks; the first, or inner one, is that of the river it its natural state, and the second, or outer one, about a furlong distant, is that of its overflowings, which it does when the summer's sun has melted the snow on mount Lebanon and Hermon, in the months of March and April. And this was the time which God chose that the Israelites should pass over it; that a miraculous interposition might be necessary; and that, by the miracle, they might be convinced of his omnipotence. 13867-900707-1555 -Jos3.16 Israelites were fleeing from the Egyptians with great trepidation: but they passed Jordan in the day-time, with previous warning, leisurely, directly opposite to Jericho, and with a triumphant defiance of the Canaanites; this passage into the promised land evidently typifying the believer's passage through death to heaven. 13868-900707-1556 -Jos3.17 13869-900707-1600 -Jos4.1 out of Jordan 9 Twelve other stones are set up in the midst of Jordan 10-13 The people pass over 14 God magnifies Joshua 15-19 The priests commanded to come out of Jordan 20-24 The twelve stones are pitched in Gilgal 13870-900707-1601 -Jos4.2 13871-900707-1603 -Jos4.3 13872-900707-1603 -Jos4.4 13874-900707-1606 -Jos4.6 13875-900707-1607 -Jos4.7 13876-900707-1607 -Jos4.8 13877-900707-1613 -Jos4.9 These words might be written by Joshua at the close of his life, or perhaps be added by some later prophet. It seems from this verse, that there were two sets of stones erected as a memorial of this great event: twelve at Gilga (ver. 20) and twelve in the bed of the Jordan; which last might have been placed on a base of strong stone work, so high as always to be visible, and serve to mark the very spot when the priests stood with the ark. Drs. Kennicott and Shuckford, however, would read here with the Syriac, mittoch, 'from the midst,' instead of bethoch, 'in the midst;' and render, `And Joshua took up the twelve stones (taken) from the midst of Jordan,' etc. But this reading is unsupported by and MS. yet collated; and it appears wholly unnessary 13878-900707-1615 -Jos4.10 13879-900707-1615 -Jos4.11 13880-900707-1616 -Jos4.12 13881-900707-1616 -Jos4.13 13882-900707-1617 -Jos4.14 13884-900707-1618 -Jos4.16 13885-900707-1618 -Jos4.17 13886-900707-1624 -Jos4.18 As soon as the priests and the ark were come up out of Jordan, the waters of the river, which had stood on a heap, flowed down according to their natural and usual course, and again soon filled the channel. This make it abundantly evident, that the miraclous change which had been given to the river was not from any secret natural cause, but solely by the power of God, and for the sake of his chosen people; for when Israel's host had passed through, and the token of his presence was removed, immediately the waters went forward again: so that if it be asked, `What aileth thee, O Jordon, that thou wast driven back?' it must be answered, it was in obedience to the God of Israel, and in kindness to the Israel of God. 13887-900707-1626 -Jos4.19 That is, the place afterwards called Gilgal; for it is so called here by anticipation. It was about ten furlongs east from Jericho, and fifty west from the Jordan. See Josephus and Calmet. 13888-900707-1627 -Jos4.20 13889-900707-1627 -Jos4.21 13890-900707-1628 -Jos4.22 13891-900707-1631 -Jos4.23 The parents must take that occasion to tell their children of the drying up of the Red Sea forty years before: `As the Lord your God did to the Read Sea.' It greatly magnifies later mercies to compare them with those before enjoyed; for, by making the comparison, it appears that God is the same yesterday, to-day, and forever. Later blessings should also bring to remembrance former mercies, and revive thankfulness for them. 13892-900707-1634 -Jos4.24 13893-900707-1805 -Jos5.1 2-9 Joshua renews circumcision 10-11 The passover is kept at Gilgal 12 manna ceases 13-15 An angel appears to Joshua 13894-900707-1809 -Jos5.2 Before the use of iron was common, all the nations of the earth had their edge tools made of stones, flints, etc. Our ancestors had their arrows and spearheads made of flint; which are frequently turned up by the plough. And even when iron became more common, stone kives seem to have been preferred for making incisions in the human body. The Egyptians used such to open the bodies for embalming; and the tribe of Alnajab in Ethiopia, who follow the Mosaic institution, perform the rite of circumcison, according to Ludolf, cultris lapidibus, with knives made of stone. 13895-900707-1810 -Jos5.3 13896-900707-1811 -Jos5.4 13897-900707-1811 -Jos5.5 13898-900707-1812 -Jos5.6 13899-900707-1813 -Jos5.7 13900-900707-1814 -Jos5.8 circumcised 13901-900707-1816 -Jos5.9 13902-900707-1816 -Jos5.10 13903-900707-1819 -Jos5.11 The people would find abundance of old corn in the deserted granaries of the affrighted inhabitants: and the barley harvest being ripe, after offering the sheaf of first-fruits, they ate also new parched corn; and thus the manna being no longer necessary, ceased, after having been sent them regularly for almost forty years. To Christians the manna for their souls shall never fail, till they arrive at the Canaan above, to feast on its rich and inexhaustable provisions. 13904-900707-1820 -Jos5.12 13905-900707-1823 -Jos5.13 13906-900707-1827 -Jos5.14 13907-900707-1831 -Jos5.15 many persons have been puzzled to know what was intended by this extraordinary appearance of the angel to Joshua, because they supposed that the whole business ends with the chapter; whereas it is continued in the succeeding one, the first verse of which is a mere partenthesis, simply relating to the state of Jericho at the time when Joshua was favoured with this encouraging vision; by which he was shewn that their help came from God alone, and that it was not by human might or power, but by the Lord of hosts they were to obtain the victory. 13908-900707-2026 -Jos6.1 2-11 God instructs joshua how to beseige it 12-16 The city is composed 17-19 It is accursed 20,21 The walls fall down 22-25 Rahab is save 26,27 The builder of Jericho is cursed 13909-900707-2027 -Jos6.2 13910-900707-2031 -Jos6.3 13911-900707-2037 -Jos6.4 The word shopheroth hyyovelim, should rather be rendered jubilee i.e., such as were used on the jubilee, which were probably made of horn or silver: for the entrance of the Israelites into Canaan was indeed a jubilee to them (See Note on Le 25.11): instead of the dreadful trumpet of war, they were ordered to sound the trumpet of joy, as already conquerors. 13912-900707-2042 -Jos6.5 The words wenaphelah chomath hair tachteyha, are literally, `and the wall of the city shall fall down {under itself};' which appears simply to mean, that the wall shall fall down from its very foundation; which was probably the case in every part, though large breaches in different places might have been amply sufficient first to admit the armed men, after whom the host might enter to destroy the city. There is no ground for the supposition that the walls sunk into the earth. 13913-900707-2042 -Jos6.6 13914-900707-2043 -Jos6.7 13915-900707-2044 -Jos6.8 13916-900707-2045 -Jos6.9 13917-900707-2047 -Jos6.10 13918-900707-2050 -Jos6.11 13919-900707-2048 -Jos6.12 13920-900707-2051 -Jos6.13 13921-900707-2051 -Jos6.14 13922-900707-2052 -Jos6.15 13923-900707-2054 -Jos6.16 13924-900707-2056 -Jos6.17 13925-900707-2058 -Jos6.18 13926-900707-2101 -Jos6.19 13927-900707-2101 -Jos6.20 13928-900707-2107 -Jos6.21 The Canaanites were ripe for destruction; and God was pleased, in- stead of destroying them by a pestilence, a famine, or an earthquake, to employ the Israelites as the executioners of his vengeance. Had an angel been commissioned to slay them, who would have charged him with iniquity or cruelty? In all public calamities infants are involved; and tens of thousands of infants die in great agony every year. Now, either God is not the agent in these calamities, (which opinion, though often implied in men's reasonings on these subjects, is not far from atheism;) or they must consist with the most perfect justice and goodness. 13929-900707-2108 -Jos6.22 13930-900707-2109 -Jos6.23 13931-900707-2110 -Jos6.24 13932-900707-2111 -Jos6.25 13933-900707-2113 -Jos6.26 This is to be regarded as a prediction, that he who rebuilded the city should lose all his children in the interim between the laying of the foundation to the completion of the walls. 13934-900707-2115 -Jos6.27 13935-900707-2122 -Jos7.1 6-9 Joshua's complaint 10-15 God instructs him what to do 16-18 Achan is taken by the lot 19-23 His confession 24-26 He and all he had are destroyed in the valley of Achor 13936-900707-2123 -Jos7.2 13937-900707-2125 -Jos7.3 13938-900707-2126 -Jos7.4 13939-900707-2128 -Jos7.5 13940-900707-2135 -Jos7.6 Rending the clothes, beating the breast, tearing the hair, throw- ing dust upon the head, and falling prostrate, were usual signs of deep affliction and distress among the ancient Israelites. In illustration of this custom, see 1sa 4.12, when the messenger brought tidings to Eli of the discomfiture of the armies of Israel by the Philistines; again in the case of Tamar, 2sa 13.19, and in Ne 9.1, when a whole nation, `assembled with fasting, and with sackcloth, and earth upon them.' See also the case of Mordecai, Es 4.1, and Job 2.12, where his friends abased themselves to comfort him; refer also to Eze 27.30 Jon 3.6 and Mi 1.10. In each of these instances it is worthy of remark, that putting dust on the head generally follows rending of the clothes, and was the usual mode of evincing poignant sorrow 13941-900707-2137 -Jos7.7 13942-900707-2137 -Jos7.8 13943-900707-2139 -Jos7.9 13944-900707-2139 -Jos7.10 13945-900707-2142 -Jos7.11 13946-900707-2144 -Jos7.12 13947-900707-2145 -Jos7.13 13948-900707-2146 -Jos7.14 13949-900707-2147 -Jos7.15 13950-900707-2148 -Jos7.16 13951-900707-2149 -Jos7.17 13952-900707-2149 -Jos7.18 13953-900707-2152 -Jos7.19 13954-900707-2153 -Jos7.20 13955-900707-2201 -Jos7.21 Addereth shindir, `a splendid or costly rober of Shinar,' the plain in which Babylon stood. Bochart and Calmet have shewn at large, that Babylonish robes were very splendid, and in high reputation. Calmet says, they are genrally allowed to have been of various colours, though some suppose they were woven thus; others, that they were embrodered with the needle; and others, that they were painted. Silius Italicus seems to think they were woven. Martial supposes them to have been embroidered with the needle; and Pliny and Apuleius speak of them as painted. 13957-900707-2202 -Jos7.23 13958-900707-2204 -Jos7.24 13959-900707-2206 -Jos7.25 13960-900707-2208 -Jos7.26 13961-900707-2218 -Jos8.1 3-28 The strategem whereby Ai was taken 29 The king thereof is hanged 30,31 Joshua builds an altar 32 writes the law on stones 33-35 and pronounces the blessings and curses It would seem, from this verse, that all that were capable of bearing arms were to march out of the camp on this occasion: 30,000 fromed an ambuscade in one pald; and 5000 were placed in another, who all gained their positions in the night. With the rest of the army, Hoshua appeared the next morning before Ai, which the men of that city would naturally suppose was the whole of the Israelitish forcel and, consequently, be the more emboldened to come out and attack them. Some, however, think that 20,000 men were the whole that were employed on this occasion, 5000 of whom were placed in ambush on the west of the city, between Bethel and Ai (ver 12) and, with the rest, Joshua appeared before the city in the morning. The king, seeing but about 25, 000 coming against him, though he had but 12,000 person in the whole city (ver 25), determined to risk a battle, issued out, and was defeated by a strategem. 13962-900707-2223 -Jos8.2 13963-900707-2223 -Jos8.3 13964-900707-2224 -Jos8.4 13965-900707-2225 -Jos8.5 13966-900707-2226 -Jos8.6 13967-900707-2226 -Jos8.7 13968-900707-2227 -Jos8.8 13969-900707-2228 -Jos8.9 13970-900707-2228 -Jos8.10 13971-900707-2229 -Jos8.11 13972-900707-2230 -Jos8.12 13973-900707-2230 -Jos8.13 13974-900707-2231 -Jos8.14 13975-900707-2232 -Jos8.15 13976-900707-2233 -Jos8.16 13977-900707-2237 -Jos8.17 Bethel is not mentioned in the Greek version, and some, with Houbigant and Pilkington, think it was not originally in the Hebrew; because, had the men of Bethel pursued, as well as those of Ai, it would have been said that they left the cities, and not the city open. The principal strength of Bethel might have been previously taken into Ai, as the strongest place to make a stand in; Bethel being but about three miles westward from Ai. 13978-900707-2241 -Jos8.18 The word keedon is rendered clypeum, a shield or buckler, by the Vulgate but the LXX. translate it (), which Suidas says, signifies a kind of weapon, (), like a spear. It may deonote a short spear, javelin, or lance; for it is evident that it signifies neither the larger spear nor the shield, because it is distinguished from both which might be seen at a considerable distance when extended, which was the sign agreed upon by him and the ambush. 13979-900707-2242 -Jos8.19 13980-900707-2243 -Jos8.20 13982-900707-2244 -Jos8.22 13983-900707-2244 -Jos8.23 13984-900707-2251 -Jos8.24 This must refer to the women, children, and old persons left behind; for it seems that all the effective men had sallied out when they imagined the Israelites had fled. 13985-900707-2251 -Jos8.25 13986-900707-2252 -Jos8.26 Joshua seems to have been not only the general but the standard bearer of the arny, (verse 18) and continued in this employment, by holding up or extending his spear, during the whole of the battle; and did not slacken from the pursuit till the forces of Ai were utterly discomfitted. Some commentators, however, understand this action in a figurative sense, like the holding up of Moses' hands, as if it implied that Joshua continued in prayer for the success of his troops, nor ceased till the armies of Ai were annihilated, and the city taken and destroyed. 13987-900707-2252 -Jos8.27 13988-900707-2253 -Jos8.28 13989-900707-2257 -Jos8.29 The kings of Canaan lay under the same curse as their subjects and probably were more deeply criminal. The reserving of the king of Ai for a solemn execution, would tend to strike terror into the other kings, contribute to the success of Israel, and give their proceeedings the stamp of a judicial process, and of executing the vengeance of God upon his enemies 13990-900707-2303 -Jos8.30 Moses himself had twice given express orders for this solemnity; once Deut. 11.29,30, in which he pointed out the very place where it was to be performed; and again, ahd the 27th chapter, there is a renewal of the instructions to Joshua, with special reference to minute particulars. It was a federal transaction: the covenant was now renewed between Gid and Israel upon their taking possession of the land of promise, that they might be encouraged in the conquest of it, and might know upon what terms they held it, and come under fresh obligations of obedience. 13991-900707-2305 -Jos8.31 13992-900707-2305 -Jos8.32 13993-900707-2307 -Jos8.33 13994-900707-2309 -Jos8.34 13995-900707-2311 -Jos8.35 The word conversant, from the Latin conversor, is here used in the classical sense of having intercourse with. 13996-900707-2316 -Jos9.1 3-21 The Gibeonites by craft obtain a league 22-27 They are condemned to perpetual bondage 13997-900707-2317 -Jos9.2 13998-900707-2319 -Jos9.3 13999-900707-2324 -Jos9.4 the word tzier, an ambassador, properly denotes a hinge; because an ambassador is a person upon whom the business turns as upon a hinge. So the Latin Cardinalis, from cardo, a hinge, was the title of the prime minister of the emperor Theodosius, though now applied only to the Pope's electors and counsellors. These bottle being made of skin, were consequently liable to be rent, and capable of being mended; which is done, according to Chardin, by putting in a piece, or by gathering up the wounded piece in the manner of a purse; and sometimes by inserting a flat piece of wood. 14000-900707-2326 -Jos9.5 The word clouted signifies here patched, from the Anglo -Saxon clut a clout or rag; and not nailed from the French clou, a nail. 14001-900707-2328 -Jos9.6 covenant,' or rather the covenant sacrifice offered on these occasions. (See note on De 29.12) 14002-900707-2329 -Jos9.7 14003-900707-2330 -Jos9.8 14004-900707-2331 -Jos9.9 14005-900708-0818 -Jos9.10 14006-900708-0820 -Jos9.11 14007-900708-0820 -Jos9.12 14009-900708-0824 -Jos9.14 reason of their victuals. 14010-900708-0826 -Jos9.15 14011-900708-0827 -Jos9.16 14012-900708-0828 -Jos9.17 14013-900708-0829 -Jos9.18 14014-900708-0829 -Jos9.19 14015-900708-0830 -Jos9.20 14016-900708-0845 -Jos9.21 14017-900708-0832 -Jos9.22 14018-900708-0840 -Jos9.23 This may refer to the original curse pronounced against the descendants of Canaan: both of them seem to hve implied nothing else than perpetual slavery. The gibeonites were brought, no doubt, under tribute; performed the meanest offices for the israelites; being in the same condition as the servile class of the Hindoos, called the Chetrees; had their national importance annihilated, and yet were never permitted to incorporate themselves with the Israelites. In the East, collecting wood for fuel, and carrying water, are the peculiar employment of females. The Arab women of Barbary, and the daughters of the Turcomans, are thus employed. Hence Mr.Harmer concludes, that the bitterness of the doom of the Gibeonites does not seem to have consisted in the laboriousness of the service enjoined them, but its disgracing them from the characteristic employment of men, that of bearing arms, and condemning them and their posterity for ever to the employment of females. 14019-900708-0842 -Jos9.24 14020-900708-0843 -Jos9.25 14022-900708-0846 -Jos9.27 14023-900708-0850 -Jos10.1 6-9 Joshua rescues it 10,11 God fights against them with hailstones 12-15 The sun and moon stand still at the word of Joshua 16-21 The five kings are mured in a cave 22,23 They are brought forth 24,25 scornfully used 26,27 and hanged 28-42 Seven kings more are conquered 43 Joshua returns to Gilgal 14024-900708-0853 -Jos10.2 Gibeon was situated on an eminence, as its name imports, 40 furlongs north fron Jerusalem, according to Josephus. 14025-900708-0858 -Jos10.3 Hebron was situated on an eminence, 20 miles south of Jerusalem, and the same distance north of Beersheba. It is now called El Khalil, `the well-beloved,' the usual epithet which the Turks and Arabs apply to Abraham, whose sepulchral cave they still shew; over which St. Helena built a magnificnet church. Its original site was on an eminence, at the southern foot of which the present village is pleasantly situated, on which are the remains of an ancient castle, its sole defence. 14026-900708-0900 -Jos10.4 14027-900708-0901 -Jos10.5 14028-900708-0903 -Jos10.6 14029-900708-0903 -Jos10.7 14030-900708-0904 -Jos10.8 14031-900708-0906 -Jos10.9 14032-900708-0908 -Jos10.10 14033-900708-0910 -Jos10.11 14034-900708-0919 -Jos10.12 Joshua doubtless acted, on this occasion, by an immediate impulse upon his mind from the Spirit of God. The terms here employed to record the miracle, ageee with the accustomed manner in which the the motions of the earth and sun are described in our own day. The sun apparently moves, but really is stationary; while the diurnal movement of the earth on its axis is by us unnoticed, and would not have been known except by astronomical science. the sun appeared to the Israelites over Gibeon, and the moon over the vally of Ajalo, and there they stayed in their course for `a whole day.' Many vain enquiries have been made concerning the way in which this miracle was wrought, and many difficulties and objections have been urged against understanding it literally. But the fact is authenticated by the Divine testimony; and the manner in which it was accomplished lies entirely out of our province, because beyond our comprehension. 14035-900708-0921 -Jos10.13 14036-900708-0922 -Jos10.14 14037-900708-0923 -Jos10.15 14038-900708-0925 -Jos10.16 14039-900708-0928 -Jos10.17 those of the country, who knew the holes and fastnesses of it, that were in his interests. And the care Joshua took to secure them there, as it is an instance of his policy and presence of mind, even in the heat of action; so, in the success of their project, it shews how they who think to hide themselves from God, not only deceive, but destroy themselves. Their refuge of lies will but bind them over to God's judgment. 14040-900708-0929 -Jos10.18 14041-900708-0930 -Jos10.19 14042-900708-0931 -Jos10.20 14043-900708-0931 -Jos10.21 14044-900708-0932 -Jos10.22 14045-900708-0932 -Jos10.23 14046-900708-0933 -Jos10.24 14047-900708-0934 -Jos10.25 14048-900708-0936 -Jos10.26 14049-900708-0937 -Jos10.27 14050-900708-0939 -Jos10.28 Situated, according to Eusebius, 8 miles east from Eleutheropolis It was afterwards assigned to the tribe of Judah. 14051-900708-0941 -Jos10.29 This city was situated in the south of Judah, and in the district of Eleuthopolis, according to Eusebius and Jerome. It is probably the Libnah in the neighborhood of which the Israelites encamped. 14053-900708-1420 -Jos10.31 Lachish was also situated in the south of Judah, seven miles south from Eleutheropolis, according to Eusebius and Jerome. It appears to have been anciently a very strong place; for though the people were panic struck, and the Israelites flushed with success, yet Joshua could not reduce it till the second day; and the king of Assyria afterwards was obliged to raise the siege. 14054-900708-1421 -Jos10.32 14055-900708-1423 -Jos10.33 Gezer was situated on the confines of Ephraim and Manasseh, between Beth-horon and the sea; and is evidently the village of Gazara mentioned by Eusebius, four miles (north) from Nicopolis or Emmaus. 14056-900708-1425 -Jos10.34 This town appears to have been no great distance from Lachish, with which it is mentioned, 14057-900708-1426 -Jos10.35 14058-900708-1427 -Jos10.36 14059-900708-1429 -Jos10.37 From verse 23, we learn that the king of Hebron was one of the five whom Joshua slew and hanged on five trees at Makkedah. This slaying of the king of Hebron, therefore, must either refer to what had already been done, or the Hebronites had set up another, whom Joshua now slew when he took the city. 14060-900708-1431 -Jos10.38 Debir was situated in the south of the tribe of Judah, near Hebron. The expression of Joshua's returning to to Debir, probably denotes, that having carried his conquests in the southern parts as far as Gaza, (ver 41) which was in the south-west angle of Canaan, he then marched back to besiege Debir. 14061-900708-1432 -Jos10.39 14062-900708-1434 -Jos10.40 14063-900708-1437 -Jos10.41 The country of Goshen, mentioned here, seems to have been in the south of Judah; and to have taken its name from the city of Goshen, situated in the same tribe. 14064-900708-1438 -Jos10.42 14065-900708-1439 -Jos10.43 14066-900708-1445 -Jos11.1 10-15 Hazor is taken and burnt 16-20 All the country taken by Joshua 21,22 The Anakims cut off 23 The land rest from war The LXX. read (), which, if legitimate, Calmet thinks may be the same as Maronia or Marath, in Phoenecia, to the north of mount Lebanon Supposed to be the same with Symira, in Coele -Syria, joined to Maror or Marath by Pliny and Pomponius Mela. Suuposed by some to be the same as Achzib or Eddippa; from which, however, it is distinguished in (jos 19.25,29) 14067-900708-1448 -Jos11.2 jerome and others suppose this city to be same as was afterwards called Tiberas, now Tabaria, situated on the western shore of the lake of the same name. 14068-900708-1450 -Jos11.3 14069-900708-1450 -Jos11.4 14070-900708-1453 -Jos11.5 This is what Josephus calls the lake Semechon, now called Bahr-el -Houle (Lake Julius) between the head of the Jordan and the lake of Tiberias. According to Josephus it was seven miles long; and according to modern authorities, it is not above two miles broad, except at the north end, where it may be four. 14071-900708-1455 -Jos11.6 14072-900708-1456 -Jos11.7 14073-900708-1458 -Jos11.8 14074-900708-1501 -Jos11.9 14075-900708-1502 -Jos11.10 14076-900708-1502 -Jos11.11 14077-900708-1505 -Jos11.12 14078-900708-1508 -Jos11.13 The Vulgate, Syriac, Onkelos and Weterland render {al tillom}, `on their hills.' As the cities of the plain might be easily attacked and carried, Joshua destroyed; but as those on mountains, hills, or other eminences, might be retained by him with little trouble, prudence would dictate their preservation 14079-900708-1509 -Jos11.14 14080-900708-1511 -Jos11.15 14081-900708-1513 -Jos11.16 14082-900708-1514 -Jos11.17 14083-900708-1517 -Jos11.18 Caleb was forty years old when sent from Kadesh-barnea to spy the land, and he was eighty-five at the conclusion of this war. passed Jordan; which leave between six and seven for the term of Joshua's wars. 14084-900708-1517 -Jos11.19 14085-900708-1518 -Jos11.20 14086-900708-1520 -Jos11.21 14087-900708-1521 -Jos11.22 14088-900708-1523 -Jos11.23 14089-900708-1527 -Jos12.1 7-24 The one and thirty kings on the other side of Jordan which Joshua smote 14090-900708-1528 -Jos12.2 14091-900708-1536 -Jos12.3 This inland sea, or rather lake, which drives its several names, the Lake of Tiberias, Sea of Galilee, Lake of Gennesareth, from the territory which forms its western and south-western border, is computed to be between seventeen and eighteen mile in length, and from five to six in breadth. The waters of this lake, which are sweet and agreeable, lie in a deep basin, surrounded with lofty hills, except at the north and south, where it is a plain country or level. There is a current through the whole lake even to the shore; and the Jordan through it is discernible by the smoothness of the surface in that part. Its appearance from the north- western extremity is said by Mr. Buckingham to be exceedingly grand; but the barren aspect of the mountains on each side, and the total absence of wood, give a cast of dullness to the picture. 14092-900708-1537 -Jos12.4 14093-900708-1538 -Jos12.5 14094-900708-1540 -Jos12.6 14095-900708-1542 -Jos12.7 14096-900708-1543 -Jos12.8 14097-900708-1544 -Jos12.9 14098-900708-1544 -Jos12.10 14099-900708-1548 -Jos12.11 Placed by Eusebius and jerome four miles from Eleutheropolis, near Eshtaol; but, in Jermus, which is probably the same, they state it to be ten miles from Eleutheropolis, towards Jerusalem; which is supposed to be neared the truth. Eusebius and Jerome say it was a village in their time, seven miles south from Eleutheropolis. 14100-900708-1550 -Jos12.12 Beth-horon, between it and the sea. Eusebius and Jerome place it four miles north of Nicopolis or Emmaus. 14101-900708-1550 -Jos12.13 14102-900708-1551 -Jos12.14 Eusebius places this city in the neighborhood of Kadesh, four miles from Malathis, and twenty from Hebron. 14103-900708-1553 -Jos12.15 Eusebius and Jerome inform us, that Libnah was a town or village in their time, lying in the district of Eleutheropolis. 14104-900708-1554 -Jos12.16 14105-900708-1555 -Jos12.17 14106-900708-1555 -Jos12.18 14107-900708-1556 -Jos12.19 14108-900708-1557 -Jos12.20 14109-900708-1558 -Jos12.21 14110-900708-1559 -Jos12.22 14111-900708-1600 -Jos12.23 14112-900708-1600 -Jos12.24 14113-900708-1606 -Jos13.1 8-13 The inheritnace of the two tribes and a half 14 The Lord and his sacrifices are the inheritance of Levi 15-21 The bounds of the inheritance of Reuben 22,23 Balaam slain 24-28 The bounds of the inheritance of God 29-33 and of the half tribe of Manasseh 14114-900708-1607 -Jos13.2 14115-900708-1612 -Jos13.3 the son of Ham; (compare Ge 10.6 with ver 13;) yet they were numbered with the Canaanites in this distribution 14116-900708-1618 -Jos13.4 This probably the the Aphek spoken of in 1ki 20.26 2ki 13.18 by Sozen, Eusebius, and Theophanes, as situated near the river Adonis (now Nahr Ibrahim) between Heliopolis and Byblos, and celebrated for the infamous temple of Venus the Aphacite. The village Afka, situated in the bottom of a valley, and hour and three quarters from Akoura, and three hours' distance from Lake Liemoun, is supposed to occupy its site. Burckhardt, however, could not hear of any reamins of antiquity in it neighborhood. 14117-900708-1626 -Jos13.5 Probably the inhabitants of the country, around Gebal the Mediterranean, between Sidon and Tripoli, on the north of the river Adonis. It is now called Gibyle, of Djebail, situated about a day's journey sout of Tripoli. Its walls are about a mile in circumference, with square towers about every forty yards' distance. Anciently it must have been a place of no mean extent and of considerable beauty, from the ruins still visible. 14118-900708-1628 -Jos13.6 14119-900708-1629 -Jos13.7 14120-900708-1629 -Jos13.8 14121-900708-1630 -Jos13.9 14122-900708-1630 -Jos13.10 14123-900708-1631 -Jos13.11 14124-900708-1632 -Jos13.12 14125-900708-1633 -Jos13.13 14126-900708-1634 -Jos13.14 14128-900708-1635 -Jos13.16 14129-900708-1637 -Jos13.17 Eusebius says the city was situated in the plain of Arnon Baal-meon 14130-900708-1640 -Jos13.18 A city near Medeba and Dibon, afterwards given to the Levite. Supposed to have been situated east of the Arnon. Situated near the seser, east of Moab. In the time of Eusebius he says the Romans kept a garrison there. 14131-900708-1642 -Jos13.19 This city, according to Eusebius, was situated ten miles west of Medeba. Called Shibmah between it and Heshbon. 14132-900708-1644 -Jos13.20 14133-900708-1645 -Jos13.21 14134-900708-1646 -Jos13.22 14136-900708-1646 -Jos13.24 14137-900708-1649 -Jos13.25 A city near a brook of the same name, now called Wady Szyr; and probably the present Szyr occupies its site. 14138-900708-1651 -Jos13.26 14139-900708-1654 -Jos13.27 A city near mount Peor, and not far from the entrance of the Jordan into the Dead Sea; rebuilt and called Livias by Herod, in honour of Livia, wife of Augustus. 14142-900708-1655 -Jos13.30 14143-900708-1656 -Jos13.31 14145-900708-1701 -Jos13.33 of Levi, `Moses gave no inheritance,' for so God had appointed. would have served them first, not because it was his own tribe, but because it was God's, but they must be provided for in another manner; their habitation must be scattered in all the tribes, and their maintenance brought out of all the tribes, and God himself was the portion both of their inheritance and of their cup. 14146-900708-1703 -Jos14.1 lot 6-15 Caleb by privilege obtains Hebron 14147-900708-1709 -Jos14.2 Though god had sufficiently pointed out by the predictions of Jacob and Moses what portions he designed for each tribe, yet we readily discern an admirable proof of His wisdom, in the orders he gave to decide them by lot. By this means the false interpretations which might have been given to the words of Jacob and Moses were prevented; and by striking at the root of whatever might occasion jealousies and disputes among the tribes, he evidently secured the honesty of those appointed to distribute the conquered lands of Canaan. Besides, the success of this method gave a fresh proof of the divinity of the Jewish religion, and the truth of its oracles. Each tribe finding itself placed by lot exactly in the spot where Jacob and Moses foretold, it was evident that Providence had equally directed both the predictions and the lot; and it would be the greatest folly and presumption not to acknowledge the inspiration of God in the words of Jacob and Moses; the direction of his hand in the lot, and his providence in the event. 14148-900708-1710 -Jos14.3 14149-900708-1711 -Jos14.4 14151-900708-1714 -Jos14.6 14152-900708-1714 -Jos14.7 14153-900708-2142 -Jos14.8 14154-900708-2143 -Jos14.9 14155-900708-2144 -Jos14.10 14156-900708-2144 -Jos14.11 14157-900708-2146 -Jos14.12 14158-900708-2147 -Jos14.13 14159-900708-2147 -Jos14.14 14160-900708-2148 -Jos14.15 14161-900708-2155 -Jos15.1 13-15 Caleb's portion and conquest 16,17 Othniel, for his valour, hath Achsah, Caleb's daughter, to wife 18-20 She obtains a blessing of her father 21-62 The cities of Judah 63 The Jebusites unconquered The geography of the sacred writings presents many difficulties, occasioned by the changes which Canaan has undergone, especially for the last 2000 years. Many of the ancient towns and villages have had their names so totally changed that their former appellations are no longer discernible; several lie buried under their own ruins, and others have been so long destroyed that not a vestige of them remains. On these accounts it is very difficult to ascertain the precise situation of many places mentioned in these chapters; but this cannot in any measure affect the truth of the narrative. 14162-900708-2155 -Jos15.2 14163-900708-2158 -Jos15.3 Probably the same as Hazar-addar Supposed to be the Coracea of Ptolemy, in Arabia Petraea Eusebius places a castle called Cararia at the distance of a day's journey from Petra. 14164-900708-2159 -Jos15.4 The last city they possessed towards Egypt; east of the River of Egypt or Rhinocorura 14165-900708-2159 -Jos15.5 14166-900708-2201 -Jos15.6 Probably the Bethagla mentioned by Jerome is the same as the `threshing floor of Atad,' (Ge 50.10) situated three miles from jericho, and two from Jordan; and belonging to the tribe of Benjamin, though serving as a frontier to the tribe of Judah. 14167-900708-2205 -Jos15.7 A town and mountain of Benjamin (Jos 18.17) near Jericho, towards Jerusalem. Situated east of Jerusalem, on the confines of Judah and Benjamin. Supposed to be the same as the fountain of Siloam, east of Jerusalem, at the foot of mount Zion. 14168-900708-2207 -Jos15.8 A valley near to Jerusalem Situated apparently west of jerusalem and mount Moriah 14169-900708-2209 -Jos15.9 A city near Bethshemesh, and, according to Eusebius, nine miles from Jerusalem, in going towards Diospolis. 14170-900708-2210 -Jos15.10 Placed by Eusebius ten miles east Eleutheropolis, towards Nicopolis. 14171-900708-2211 -Jos15.11 14172-900708-2212 -Jos15.12 14173-900708-2212 -Jos15.13 14174-900708-2213 -Jos15.14 14175-900708-2213 -Jos15.15 14176-900708-2213 -Jos15.16 14177-900708-2214 -Jos15.17 14178-900708-2215 -Jos15.18 14179-900708-2215 -Jos15.19 14180-900708-2215 -Jos15.20 14181-900708-2216 -Jos15.21 14183-900708-2217 -Jos15.23 the LXX. read (), for Hazar -Ithnan, regarding these two as one city. 14184-900708-2218 -Jos15.24 Eusebius and Jerome say, that Ziph was a village in their time eight miles east from Hebron. 14185-900708-2222 -Jos15.25 Or ratherm Gazar-hadattah, or, as the LXX., Alexandrain, and Vulgate render (), Asor nova, `New Hazor,' to distinguish it from the preceding (verse 28,) and following. Eusebius and Jerome say it was a village in their time, on the eastern confines of Askelon. Or, rather, Kerioth -Hezron: LXX. () the cities (city) of Hezron. 14186-900708-2223 -Jos15.26 Probably the same as Malatha, a city frequently mentioned by Eusebius; from whom it appears to have been situated in the southern border of Judah, about twenty miles from Hebron. 14187-900708-2225 -Jos15.27 This is apparently the city which Eusebius calls (); which he says, was, in his time, a town situated between Askalon and Ashdod. 14188-900708-2226 -Jos15.28 villages.' 14189-900708-2227 -Jos15.29 14190-900708-2227 -Jos15.30 14191-900708-2228 -Jos15.31 14192-900708-2229 -Jos15.32 Probably the () of Eusebius, four miles from Hebron 14193-900708-2231 -Jos15.33 This town is placed by Eusebius ten mile from Eleutheropolis, towrds Nicopolis: and it is supposed to be a wretched village, called Esdad, about 15 miles south of Yebna. A town near to Eshtaol, placed at ten miles' distance N. of Eleuteropolis by Eusebius. 14194-900708-2232 -Jos15.34 14195-900708-2235 -Jos15.35 Eusebius says, there wre two cities of Socoh, an upper and lower, nine miles from Eleutheropolis, towards jerusalem Eusebius and Jerome say there was a town of this name in their time, between Jerusalem and Eleutheropolis 14196-900708-2237 -Jos15.36 Eusebius mentions two cities, called Adatha, one towards Gaza, and the other east of Lydda. There are fifteen in all; but the two last seem to be only two names of the same city. 14198-900709-2111 -Jos15.38 14199-900709-2120 -Jos15.39 14201-900709-2120 -Jos15.41 14202-900709-2121 -Jos15.42 14204-900709-2122 -Jos15.44 14205-900709-2123 -Jos15.45 14206-900709-2125 -Jos15.46 14207-900709-2126 -Jos15.47 14208-900709-2126 -Jos15.48 14209-900709-2127 -Jos15.49 14211-900709-2127 -Jos15.51 14212-900709-2128 -Jos15.52 14213-900709-2128 -Jos15.53 14214-900709-2129 -Jos15.54 14215-900709-2131 -Jos15.55 14217-900709-2131 -Jos15.57 14218-900709-2132 -Jos15.58 14220-900709-2133 -Jos15.60 14221-900709-2134 -Jos15.61 14222-900709-2139 -Jos15.62 This city was situated somewhere in the vicinity, west of the lake Asphaltites; and supposed by some to be the same as Zoar. En-gedi, or Hazazon -Tamar, was situated, according to Eusebius, in the desert west of the Dead Sea. Josephus says it was 300 stadia from Jerusalem, and not far from the lake Asphaltites; and consequently it could not have been far from Jericho and the mouth of the Jordan. It was celebrated for the abundance of its palm-trees. 14223-900709-2139 -Jos15.63 14224-900709-2143 -Jos16.1 5-9 The border of the inheritance of Ephraim 10 The Canaanites of Gezer not conquered 14225-900709-2144 -Jos16.2 14226-900709-2151 -Jos16.3 Eusebius says that the two Beth-horons were twelve miles from Jerusalem, towards Nicopolis or Emmaus: of which the one, called upper Beth-horon, hor its situation, was built (rebuilt) by Solomon, and the other, called nether Beth-horon, was given to the Levites. Josephus places Beth-oron about 100 furlongs from Jerusalem. Dr. Clarke mentions an Arab village called Bethoor, about twelve miles from Jerusalem, a small distance from Rama, which he supposes, from its situation on a hill, to be Bith- horon the upper. Probably the () of Eusebius, four miles from Nicopolis 14227-900709-2152 -Jos16.4 14228-900709-2153 -Jos16.5 14229-900709-2155 -Jos16.6 Placed by Eusebius ten miles of Neapolis or Shechem. Eusebius calls it () in Acrabatene, twelve miles east from Neapolis. 14230-900709-2155 -Jos16.7 14231-900709-2156 -Jos16.8 14232-900709-2157 -Jos16.9 14233-900709-2157 -Jos16.10 14234-900709-2202 -Jos17.1 7-11 His coast 12,13 The Canaanites not driven out 14-18 The children of Joseph obtain another lot 14235-900709-2216 -Jos17.2 14236-900709-2217 -Jos17.3 14237-900709-2218 -Jos17.4 14238-900709-2222 -Jos17.5 As there were six sons and five daughters, among whom this division was to be made, there should be eleven portions: but Zelophehad, son of Hepher, having left five daughters in his place, neither he nor Hepher is reckoned. The lot of Manasseh therefore was divided into ten parts; five for the five sons of Gilead, Abiezer, Helek, Asriel, Shechem, and Shemida; and five for the five daughters of Zelophehad, Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milcah, and Tirzah. 14240-900709-2229 -Jos17.7 Eusebius says this was a town in his time not far from Neapolis, towards Scythopolis or Bethshan; between which towns it is also placed by the old Jerusalem Itinerary. Situated, probably, east of Shechem, though its precise situation, as well as that of many others, cannot, at this distance of time, be ascertained. Many of these towns were small, and we may rationally conclude, slightly built; and consequently have perished more than two thousand yeras ago. It would therefore be useless now to look for such places; though in many instances, their ancient names have been preserved, and their sites identified. Several towns even in England, mentioned by Caesar and other ancient writers, are no longer discernible; several have changed their names, and not a few their situation. 14241-900709-2229 -Jos17.8 14242-900709-2232 -Jos17.9 The brook Kanah seem to be what is now called Nahr el Kasab, which falls into the Mediterranean a few miles south of Caesarea of Palestine, mentioned by the Hon. C. L. Irby, and J. Mangles. 14244-900709-2239 -Jos17.11 situated in the plain of Jordan, west of that river, 120 furlongs (south) from Tiberias, according to Josephus, and 600 furlongs (north) from Jerusalem. It was the largest city of the Decapolis, and the only one on that side of Jordan. It is now called Bisan, 8 hours or 24 miles from Tiberias; and described by Dr. Richardson, exclusive of its ruins, as a `collection of miserable hovels, containing 200 inhabitants.' Dor, according to Eusebius, was situated on the Mediterranean, none miles from Caesarea Palestine, towrds Carmel. The village of Tortura, four leagues north of Caesarae, is supposed to nearly occupy it site. 14245-900709-2240 -Jos17.12 14246-900710-2007 -Jos17.13 14247-900710-2008 -Jos17.14 14248-900710-2009 -Jos17.15 14249-900710-2011 -Jos17.16 14250-900710-2011 -Jos17.17 14251-900710-2013 -Jos17.18 14252-900710-2019 -Jos18.1 2-9 The remainder of the land is described, and divided into seven parts 10 Joshua distributes it by lot 11-20 The lot and border of Benjamin 21-28 Their cities Shiloh was situated on a hill in the tribe of Ephraim, though near the borders of Benjamin, about fifteen miles north of Jerusalem, and, according to Eusebius, twelve, or according to Jerome, ten miles (south) from Shechem or Nablous. It was but a little north from Bethel or Ai, and near the road from Shechem to Jerusalem. In Jerome's time, Shiloh was ruined; and nothing remarkable was extant, but the foundations of the altar of burnt offerings which had been erected when the tabernacle stood there. 14254-900710-2023 -Jos18.3 14255-900710-2024 -Jos18.4 14256-900710-2025 -Jos18.5 14257-900710-2026 -Jos18.6 14258-900710-2027 -Jos18.7 14259-900710-2028 -Jos18.8 14260-900710-2031 -Jos18.9 The surveyors seem to have formed some kind of map of the country, as well as a description of it in writing. The Egyptians, from the situation of their fields, as annually overflowed by the Nile, acquired great skill im mensuration and land surveying; and some of the Israelites had, no doubt, learned these from them, without a knowledge of which they could not properly have divided the land. This is probably the act of surveying on record. 14261-900710-2032 -Jos18.10 14262-900710-2033 -Jos18.11 14263-900710-2034 -Jos18.12 14264-900710-2035 -Jos18.13 14265-900710-2036 -Jos18.14 14266-900710-2036 -Jos18.15 14267-900710-2039 -Jos18.16 Mount zion, south of Jerusalem; for Jebusi or Jebus was the ancient name of that city. 14268-900710-2042 -Jos18.17 The fountain of the Sun; whether a town, or simply a fountain, is uncertain. Geliloth is probably the same as Gilgal; some think that is is probably not the proper name of a place: `And went forth towards the borders which are over against the ascent to Adummim.' Others render Geliloth circuits or roundings, or the hills about Jordan, tumuli Jordanis. Vulgate: pertransit usque ad tumulos. 14269-900710-2043 -Jos18.18 14270-900710-2048 -Jos18.19 The borders of this tribe on the north were the same as those of Ephraim on the south, and his southern boundaries the same as the northern borders of Judah; but drawn from west to east, instead of from east to west (jos 15.1-12, ch 16) As the inheritance of Benjamin did not extend to the Mediterranean sea, and no other sea or lake is know to have been in those parts, perhaps this epression, `compassed the corner of the sea southward,' (ver 14) should be rendered, ` made a circuit on the side next the sea towards the south;' for it seems to connect the northern border, in the preceeding verses, with the southern which follows. 14271-900710-2048 -Jos18.20 14272-900710-2049 -Jos18.21 14273-900710-2050 -Jos18.22 14274-900710-2051 -Jos18.23 Situated, according to Eusebius, five miles east of Bethel. 14275-900710-2054 -Jos18.24 Probably the same as Gophna ( being often pronounced as G); which, according to Josephus, was about fifteen miles from Jerusalem, towrds Shechem, says Eusebius, (Onom. on ()) Gaba or Geba, according to Josephus, was not far from Rama, forty stadia from Jerusalem, and, according to Eusebius, five miles from Gophna, towards Shechem. 14276-900710-2058 -Jos18.25 Situated, according to Eusebius, six miles from Jerusalem towards Bethel; though jerome places it near Gaba, seven miles from Jerusalem. Eusebius says Beeroth was seven miles from Jerusalem, towards Nicopolis or Emmaus. Jerome, however, reads Neapolis or Shechem; but Reland prefers the former. 14277-900710-2059 -Jos18.26 Situated not far from Rama, forty stadia from Jerusalem 14279-900710-2101 -Jos18.28 14280-900710-2104 -Jos19.1 10-16 of Zebulun 17-23 of Issachar 24-31 of Asher 32-39 of Naphtali 40-48 of Dan 49-51 The children of Israel give an inheritance to Joshua 14281-900710-2105 -Jos19.2 14282-900710-2109 -Jos19.3 14283-900710-2109 -Jos19.4 14284-900710-2110 -Jos19.5 14285-900710-2111 -Jos19.6 14286-900710-2112 -Jos19.7 14287-900710-2112 -Jos19.8 14288-900710-2113 -Jos19.9 14289-900710-2114 -Jos19.10 14290-900710-2116 -Jos19.11 Mediterranean near mount Carmel, in the vicinity of which Jokneam was situated. 14291-900710-2121 -Jos19.12 Called Chasalus by Eusebius and Jerome, and placed at the foot of mount Tabor, eight miles east of Diocaesarea Josephus, who calls this town Dabaritta, or Darabitta, places it in the plain of Jezreel, of Esdraelon, on the confines of Samaria and Galilee. It is probably the Dabira which Jerome place towards amount Tabor, in the district of Diocaesarea; and the Debora or Daboura, mentioned by travellers as a village at the foot of mount Tabor. Probably Jopha, a city of Galilee, near Jotapata, mentioned by Josephus. 14292-900710-2122 -Jos19.13 Placed by Jerome two miles from Sephoris, or Diocaesarea, towards Tiberias. 14294-900710-2123 -Jos19.15 14297-900710-2125 -Jos19.18 Probably the same as Chisloth-tabor 14298-900710-2127 -Jos19.19 A town called Aiphraim, in the time Eusebius, six miles north of Legio. A town called Seon by Eusebius, at the foot of mount Tabor 14300-900710-2128 -Jos19.21 14301-900710-2129 -Jos19.22 14303-900710-2132 -Jos19.24 only one remarkable person of this tribe, and that was Anna, the prohetess, the daughter of Phanuel, a widow of about four-score and four years, which departed not from the temple, but served God with fastings and prayers night and day. 14304-900710-2134 -Jos19.25 Probably the same as Bebten or Batnai, mentioned by Eusebius, eight miles east from Ptolemais; and perhaps the Ecbatans which Pliny places not far from Ptolemais. 14305-900710-2136 -Jos19.26 Situated, according Eusebius, near mount Carmel, on the sea coast. 14306-900710-2138 -Jos19.27 Situated on the sea coast, near Ptolemais. he says was situated near the sea side, near Ptolemais 14307-900710-2141 -Jos19.28 This seems a different Cana from that in lower Galilee; and to be that which is placed in some maps east of Tyre, between Libanus and Antilibanus, and south of the rive Cassimer, or Leitani. great 14308-900710-2144 -Jos19.29 Probably the Rama mentioned by Theodoret as a city of Syria; and placed in some maps between Sarepta and Sidon, eastward, near Lebanon. 14309-900710-2145 -Jos19.30 14310-900710-2146 -Jos19.31 14312-900710-2146 -Jos19.33 14313-900710-2149 -Jos19.34 Apparently the same as Azanoth, which Eusebius places in the plain not far fron Diocaesarea or Sephoris. As it is certain that the tribe of Naphtali did not border upon that of Judah, there being several tribes between, we should probably omit Judah, with the Septuagint; though it may have been a town so called. 14314-900710-2151 -Jos19.35 14315-900710-2151 -Jos19.36 14316-900710-2151 -Jos19.37 14317-900710-2153 -Jos19.38 Eusebius mentions a town of the name of (), fifteen miles from Caesarea. (Diocaesarea or Sephoris probably.) 14320-900710-2158 -Jos19.41 Situated on the frontiers of Dan and Judah, tens miles from Eleutheropolis, towards Nicoplis, according to Eusebius, not far from Caphar Sorek. Supposed by some to be the same as Beth-shemesh in the tribe of Judah; but this latter city is evidently distinguished from it by being assigned by the tribe of Judah to the Levites (ch 21.16). rendered () by the LXX., seems to be the same as Emmaus or Nicopolis, 22 miles south-east from Lydda, according to the Old Jerusalem Itinerary. 14321-900710-2200 -Jos19.42 Eusebius calls it (), and places it in Samaria: and Jerome calls it Salebi, (Eze. 48) and joins it to Ajalon and Emmaus. This appears to be the Ajalon which Jerome places two miles from Nicopolis or Emmaus, in the road to Jerusalem. 14322-900710-2203 -Jos19.43 Ekron is placed by Eusebius between Ashdod and Jamnia, eastward; and probably the ruined village of Tookrair, mentioned by Dr. Richarson, situated on the top of a hill, and which he says seems to have been a place of considerable consequence, occupies its site. 14323-900710-2203 -Jos19.44 14324-900710-2204 -Jos19.45 14325-900710-2205 -Jos19.46 14326-900710-2206 -Jos19.47 14327-900710-2207 -Jos19.48 14328-900710-2207 -Jos19.49 14329-900710-2208 -Jos19.50 14330-900710-2210 -Jos19.51 14331-900710-2211 -Jos20.1 7-9 and the children of Israel appoint the six cities of refuge 14332-900710-2212 -Jos20.2 14334-900711-2120 -Jos20.4 14335-900711-2120 -Jos20.5 14336-900711-2121 -Jos20.6 14337-900711-2133 -Jos20.7 Jedesh, called Cadesa, or Caidesa, by Josephus, was situated in Upper Galilee, twenty miles south-east from Tyre, according to Eusebius. The cities of refuge were distributed thhrough the land at proper distances from each other, that they might be convenient to every part of the land; and it is said they were situated on eminences, that they might be easily seem at a distance; the roads leading to them being broad, even, and always kept in good repair. former being in Galilee, and the latter in Judah, both in mountainous districts, and Shechem was in mount Ephraim, nearly in the center. Bezer was east of Jordan, in the eastern part of the plain opposite Jericho; Ramoth was about the midst of the country of the two tribes and a half, being about the middle of the mountains of Gilead; and Golan, the capital of Gaulonitis, was situated in the tribe of Manasseh, in the land of Bashan. As this institution is considered as a type of Christ, some expositers observe a significany in the names of these cities with application to Him as OUR REFUGE. a shoulder, and the government is upon his shoulder.' Hebron, fellowship, and believers are called into the fellowship of Christ Jesus out Lord. Bezer, a fortification, for he is a strong hold to all them that trust in him. Ramoth, high, or exalted, for him hath God exalted with his own right hand. Golan, joy, or exultation, for in him all the saints are justified, and shall glory. 14338-900711-2134 -Jos20.8 14339-900711-2134 -Jos20.9 14340-900711-2137 -Jos21.1 unto the Levites. 43-48 God gives the land, and rest unto the Israelites, according to his promise 14341-900711-2138 -Jos21.2 14342-900711-2138 -Jos21.3 14343-900711-2142 -Jos21.4 These tribes furnished more habitation to the Levites, in proportion, than any of the other tribes, because they possessed a more extensive inheritance, agreeably to what Moses had commanded (Nu 35.8). It is worthy of remark, that the principal part of this tribe, whose business was to minister at the sanctuary, which sanctuary was afterwares established at Jerusalem, had their appointment nearest to that city; so that they were always within reach of the sacred work which God had appointed them. 14344-900711-2143 -Jos21.5 14345-900711-2143 -Jos21.6 14346-900711-2144 -Jos21.7 14347-900711-2145 -Jos21.8 14348-900711-2147 -Jos21.9 14349-900711-2148 -Jos21.10 14350-900711-2150 -Jos21.11 14351-900711-2150 -Jos21.12 14352-900711-2151 -Jos21.13 14353-900711-2154 -Jos21.14 Jattir or Jether, according to Eusebius, was situated in the district or Daroma, or the southern part of Judah, 20 miles (south) from Eleutheropolis, towards the city of Malatha. Eusebius says Eshtemoa, or Esthema, was a great city in the south of Judah, and in the district of Eleutheropolis, north of that city. 14354-900711-2155 -Jos21.15 14355-900711-2157 -Jos21.16 Eusebius says Juttah was a great town 18 miles south from Eleutheropolis 14356-900711-2157 -Jos21.17 14357-900711-2200 -Jos21.18 Anathoth was situated about three miles northward from Jerusalem according to Eusebius and Jerome (in Je 1.20,) or twenty furlongs, according to Josephus. Ant. I. vii. c. 10 14358-900711-2200 -Jos21.19 14359-900711-2201 -Jos21.20 14360-900711-2202 -Jos21.21 14361-900711-2202 -Jos21.22 14362-900711-2204 -Jos21.23 Probably the Gabatha mentioned by Eusebius and Jerome, as situated in the south of Judah, 12 miles from Eleutheropolis, where the prophet Habakkuk's sepulchre was shown. 14363-900711-2206 -Jos21.24 Gathrimmon is said by Jerome to be a great town 10 miles from Diospolis, or Lydda, towards Eleutheropolis. 14364-900711-2209 -Jos21.25 Gath-rimmon. (1ch 6.70.) Either the cities had at this time different names, or afterwards their names were changed; or the Levites, being by some means dispossessed of the cities first assigned them, received others from their brethren. A careful examination of the marginal references will discover other variations of this kind, which may be accounted for in the same manner. 14366-900711-2211 -Jos21.27 It is very probable that Bessh-terah is a contraction of baith ashtaroth, `the house of Ashtaroth,' and the same as Ashtaroth, which is the reading in 1ch 6.71 14367-900711-2211 -Jos21.28 14368-900711-2212 -Jos21.29 This seems to be the same city with Remeth 14369-900711-2213 -Jos21.30 14370-900711-2214 -Jos21.31 See the note on Nu 13.21 14371-900711-2216 -Jos21.32 Supposed by many to be the same as Tiberias; so called from the hot-baths, as the word Chammoth may denote, in its vicinity. Supposed to be the same as Kirjathaim 14373-900711-2217 -Jos21.34 14374-900711-2223 -Jos21.35 This and the following verse are wholly omitted by the Masora, and many hebrew Bibles which are esteemed very highly; though, without them, neither the twelve cities of the Merarites in particular (verse 40), not the forty-eight levitical cities in general (verse 41), not the six cities of refuge, can be made up. But these two verses, thus absolutely necessary for the truth and consistency of this chapter, are happily preserved in no less than 149 MSS. collated by Dr. Kennicott, and upwards of 40 collated by De Rossi. 14375-900711-2224 -Jos21.36 14377-900711-2225 -Jos21.38 14378-900711-2226 -Jos21.39 14380-900711-2228 -Jos21.41 At the last census, the tribe of Levi amounted only to 23,000 (Nu 36.62); and it is thought by some that forty-eight cities was too great a proportion for this tribe. But it should be considered, that cities in ancient times were little more than villages. 14382-900711-2230 -Jos21.43 14383-900711-2230 -Jos21.44 14384-900711-2231 -Jos21.45 14385-900714-2127 -Jos22.1 10 They build the altar of testimony in their journey 11-20 The Israelites are offended thereat 21-34 They vindicate their conduct, and give them good satisfaction We have already seen, that a detachment of 40,000 men, of the tribes of Reuben and Gad, and the half tribe of Manasseh, had passed over Jordan armed, with their brethren, according to their agreement with Moses. The war being now concluded, the land divided, and their brethren settle, Joshua assembles these warriors; and with commendations for their services and fidelity, he dismisses them, having fist given them the most pious and suitable instructions. They had now been about seven years absent from their respective families; and thought there was only the river Jordan between the camp of Gilgal and their own inheritance, yet it does not appear that they had, during that time, ever revisited their home, whihc they might have done at any time of the year, except the harvest, as the river was at other times easily fordable. 14386-900714-2128 -Jos22.2 14387-900714-2128 -Jos22.3 14388-900714-2129 -Jos22.4 14389-900714-2133 -Jos22.5 14390-900714-2134 -Jos22.6 14391-900714-2134 -Jos22.7 14392-900714-2135 -Jos22.8 14393-900714-2136 -Jos22.9 14394-900714-2140 -Jos22.10 This verse should probably be rendered, `And when they came to the borders of Jordan, that are in the land of Canaan, the children of Reuben, and the children of Gad, and the half tribe of Manasseh, THEN built an altar by (or beyond, al) Jordan, a great altar to the view.' It would appear, that when they came to the river, they formed the purpose of building the altar; and when they crossed it they put that purpose into execution. it is evident that they did not build it west of the Jordan, for that was not in their territories, and the next verse expressly says that it was built over against the land of Canaan. 14395-900714-2141 -Jos22.11 14396-900714-2143 -Jos22.12 Supposing they had built this altar for sacrifice, in opposition to the command of God, they considered them as rebels against God and the Israelitish constitution. 14397-900714-2145 -Jos22.13 14398-900714-2145 -Jos22.14 14399-900714-2148 -Jos22.15 14401-900714-2149 -Jos22.17 14402-900714-2150 -Jos22.18 14403-900714-2151 -Jos22.19 14404-900714-2152 -Jos22.20 14405-900714-2157 -Jos22.21 The conduct and answer of these Reubenites and the associates are worthy of admiration and imitation. Though conscious of the innocence, they permitted Phineas to finish his speach, though composed of little else than accusations, without any interuption; and taking in good part the suspicions, reproofs, and even harshness of their brethren, with the utmost meekness and solemnity they explain their intention, give all the satisfaction in their power, and with great propriety and reverence, appeal to that God against whom they were supposed to have rebelled. 14406-900714-2202 -Jos22.22 Jehovah,' which is nearly the version of Luther, (), `The strong God, the Lord.' 14407-900714-2203 -Jos22.23 14408-900714-2204 -Jos22.24 14409-900714-2205 -Jos22.25 14411-900714-2206 -Jos22.27 14412-900714-2207 -Jos22.28 14413-900714-2208 -Jos22.29 14414-900714-2211 -Jos22.30 It is remarkable, that Joshua is not once named in this transaction; but that only shews, that he did not in his old age assume any regal authority, but left the elders ana magistrates to conduct the business, only acting himself when great occasions made it necessary. Yet we cannot doubt, that his wisdom and piety influenced the counsels of the elders and people at this time. 14415-900714-2212 -Jos22.31 14416-900714-2213 -Jos22.32 14417-900714-2214 -Jos22.33 14418-900714-2220 -Jos22.34 in the common editions of the Hebrew Bible; and is supplied in italics by our venerable translators, at least in our modern copies; for in the first edition of this translation, it stands in the text without any note of this kind; but it is found in several of Kennicott's and De Rossi's MSS., and also in the Syriac and Arabic. Several also of the early printed of the hebrew Bible have the word [ed], either in the text or in the margin; and it must be allowed to be necessaary to complete the sense. It is very probable that an inscription was put on this altar, signifying the purpose for which it was erected. Thus was this affair most happily terminated. Yehowah, hoo Elohim, `Jehovah he is God.' 14419-900714-2355 -Jos23.1 3,4 by former benefits 5,10 by promises 11-16 and by threatenings 14420-900714-2226 -Jos23.2 Or, `even for their elders,' etc.; for it is probably that Joshua gave the following charge only to the elders, judges, etc., to communicate to the the people. 14421-900714-2227 -Jos23.3 14422-900714-2228 -Jos23.4 14423-900714-2229 -Jos23.5 14424-900714-2230 -Jos23.6 14425-900714-2234 -Jos23.7 Have no civil or social contact with them, as these will infallibly lead to spiritual affinities, in consequence of which, ye will make honourable `mention of the name of their gods,' `swear by them' in their abominable rites; and `bow yourselves unto them,' as your creators and preservers. All this will follow by simply coming among them. He who walks in the counsel of the ungodly, will soon stand in the way of sinners, and sit in the seat of scorners. 14426-900714-2235 -Jos23.8 14427-900714-2236 -Jos23.9 14428-900714-2237 -Jos23.10 14429-900714-2239 -Jos23.11 14430-900714-2242 -Jos23.12 14431-900714-2243 -Jos23.13 14432-900714-2245 -Jos23.14 14433-900714-2246 -Jos23.15 14434-900714-2247 -Jos23.16 14435-900714-2355 -Jos24.1 2-13 A brief history of God's benefits from Terah 14-25 He renews the covenant between them and God 26-28 A stone the witness of the covenant 29-31 Joshua's age, death, and burial 32 Joseph's bones are buried 33 Eleazar dies This must have been a different assembly from that mentioned in the preceeding chapter, though probably held not long after the fromer. As it is immediately added, that `they presented themselves before God,' which is supposed to mean at the tabernacle; some are of opinion that Joshua caused it to be conveyed from Shiloh to Shechem on this occasion, to give the greater solemnity to his last meeting with the people. The Vatican and Alexandrian copies of the Septuagint, however, read (), both here and in verse 25, which many suppose to have been the original reading. Dr. Shuckford supposes that the covenant was made at Shechem, and that the people went to Shiloh to conform it. But the most probable opinion seems to be that of Dr. Kennicott, that when all the tribes were assembled as Shechem, Joshua called the chiefs to him on that mount, which had before been consecrated by the law, and by the altar which he had erected. 14436-900714-2259 -Jos24.2 In the case of Abraham this was probably the case, till he was called to the knowledge of God, when above 70 years old. 14437-900714-2300 -Jos24.3 14438-900714-2301 -Jos24.4 14439-900714-2305 -Jos24.5 14440-900714-2306 -Jos24.6 14441-900714-2308 -Jos24.7 14442-900714-2309 -Jos24.8 14443-900714-2310 -Jos24.9 14444-900714-2310 -Jos24.10 14445-900714-2313 -Jos24.11 14446-900714-2314 -Jos24.12 14447-900714-2314 -Jos24.13 14448-900714-2323 -Jos24.14 From this exhortation of Joshua, we not only learn that the Israelites still retained some relics of idolatry, but to what gods they were attached. 1. Those whom their fathers worshipped on the other side of the food, or the river Euphrastes, i.e., the gods of the Chaldeans, fire, light, the sun, etc. 2. Those of the Egyptians, Apis, Anubis, serpents, vegetables, etc 3. Those of the Amorites, moabites, Canaanites, etc., Baal-peor Astarte, etc. How astonishing is it, that after all that God had done for them, and all the miracles they had seen, there should still be found among them both idols and idolaters! 14449-900714-2325 -Jos24.15 14450-900714-2326 -Jos24.16 14451-900714-2327 -Jos24.17 14452-900714-2327 -Jos24.18 14453-900714-2329 -Jos24.19 14454-900714-2331 -Jos24.20 14455-900714-2331 -Jos24.21 14456-900714-2335 -Jos24.22 Ye have been sufficiently apprised of the difficulties in your way of God's holiness, and the nature of his service--your own weakness and inconstancy, and insufficiency--your need of the Divine help, and the hope of assistance held out in the law-- and the awful consequences of apostacy: and now ye make your choice. Remember then that ye are witnesses against yourselves; and your own conscience will be witness, judge, and executioner. 14457-900714-2337 -Jos24.23 14458-900714-2337 -Jos24.24 14459-900714-2339 -Jos24.25 14460-900714-2340 -Jos24.26 14461-900714-2347 -Jos24.27 Roman historian: he writes that `when three ambassadors were sent from Rome to complain of the perfidious conduct of the AEqui, the General informed them, that they might deliver their message to an oak which shaded his tent.' On this one of the ambassadors turning away, said, `This venerable oak, and all the gods, shall know that you have violated the peace; they shall now hear our complaints; and may they also soon be witnesses, when we revenge with our arms the violation of divine and human rights.' It is worthy of remark that Joshua merely set up a pillar under an oak, - the one, perhaps, to protect the other; while the General directed the ambassadors to address the oak, perhaps with an idolatrous feeling thay they were addressing one of the gods, who would aid his cause; while the Roman ambassadors caught the feeling, and really invoked the aid of the oak and the gods. 14462-900714-2348 -Jos24.28 14463-900714-2349 -Jos24.29 14464-900714-2349 -Jos24.30 14465-900714-2351 -Jos24.31 14466-900714-2352 -Jos24.32 14467-900714-2354 -Jos24.33 14468-900731-1535 -Jud1.1 The book of Judges forms an important link in the history of the Israelites. It furnishes us with a lively description of a fluctuating and unsettled nation; a striking picture of the disorders and dangers which prevailed in a republic without magistracy; when "the high-ways were unoccupied, and the travellers walked through by-ways," (ch. 5,6;) when few prophets were appointed to control the people, and "everyone did that which was right in his own eyes." (ch 17.6). It exhibits the contest of true religion with superstition; and displays the beneficial effects that flow from the former, and the miseries and evil consequences of impiety. It is a most remarkable history of the long-suffering of God towards the Israelites, in which we see the most signal instances of his justice and mercy alternately displayed: the people sinned, and were punished; they repented, and found mercy. These things are written for our warning: none should presume, for God is just; none need despair, for God is merciful. Independently of the internal evidence of the authenticity of this sacred book, the transactions it records are not only cited or alluded to by other inspired writers, but are further confirmed by the traditions current among heathen nations. 01 The acts of Judah and Simeon 04 Adonibezek justly requited 08 Jerusalem taken 10 Hebron taken 11 Othniel has Achsah to wife for taking of Debir 16 The Kenites dwell in Judah 17 Hormah, Gaza, Askelon, and Ekron taken 21 The acts of Benjamin 22 Of the house of Joseph, who take Beth-el 30 Of Zebulun 31 Of Asher 33 Of Naphtali 34 Of Dan 14469-900731-1535 -Jud1.2 14470-900731-1536 -Jud1.3 14471-900731-1537 -Jud1.4 near each other, about seventeen miles from Shechem, towards Scythopolis 14474-900731-1541 -Jud1.7 feet. This was not an unusual act of cruelty in ancient times towards enemies.- -AElian informs us, that in after ages 'the Athenians, at the instigation of Cleon, son of Cleoenetus, made a decree that all the inhabitants of the island of AEgina should have the thumb cut off from the right hand, so that they might ever after be disabled from holding a spear, yet might handle an oar.' It was a custom among those Romans who did not like a military life, to cut off their thumbs, that they might be incapable of serving in the army; and for the same reason, parents sometimes cut off the thumbs of their children. gathered. or, gleaned. as I have 14475-900731-1541 -Jud1.8 14476-900731-1542 -Jud1.9 14477-900731-1542 -Jud1.10 14478-900731-1542 -Jud1.11 14479-900731-1544 -Jud1.12 15.13-19, and seems to be inserted here by way of recapitulation. over their children, especially in disposing of them in marriage; and it was customary for a king or great man to promise his daughter in marriage to him who should take a city. 14480-900731-1544 -Jud1.13 14481-900731-1545 -Jud1.14 alighted,' as if she had forgotten something, or was about to return. 14482-900731-1546 -Jud1.15 give me also springs of water. Let me have some fields with brooks, or wells already digged. 14483-900731-1547 -Jud1.16 14484-900731-1548 -Jud1.17 14485-900731-1550 -Jud1.18 in the Septuagint: But Judah did not possess Gaza, nor the coasts thereof; nor Askelon, nor the coasts thereof; nor Ekron, nor the coasts thereof; nor Ashdon, nor the coasts thereof.' Procopius and Augustine read the same; and Josephue says that the Israelites only took Askelon and Ashdon, but not Gaza or Ekron; and from ch. 3.3, and the whole suceeding history, it appears that these cities were not in the possession of the Israelites, but of the Philistines. Gaza 14486-900731-1552 -Jud1.19 the iron chariots were too strong for Omnipotence, or because he refused to help them; but because their courage and faith failed when they saw them. 14487-900731-1553 -Jud1.20 14488-900731-1553 -Jud1.21 14489-900731-1554 -Jud1.22 14490-900731-1554 -Jud1.23 14491-900731-1555 -Jud1.24 14492-900731-1555 -Jud1.25 14493-900731-1555 -Jud1.26 14494-900731-1556 -Jud1.27 14495-900731-1556 -Jud1.28 14496-900731-1556 -Jud1.29 14497-900731-1558 -Jud1.30 Sepphoris, or Diocaesarea, a celebrated city of Galilee, now the village Safoury, situated in the plain of Esdraelon, twenty miles north-west from Tiberias, according to Benjamin of Tudela. Nahalol 14498-900731-1600 -Jud1.31 Saint John of Acre by the Crusaders, is situated of the Mediterranean, in a fine plain, at the north angle of a bay to which it gives name, and which extends in a semicircle of three leagues as far as Carmel, and nine leagues from Tyre. Zidon. Another celebrated city of Phoenicia, now Saide, situated in a fine country on the Mediterranean, 400 stadia from Berytus, and 200 north from Tyre, according to Strabo, one day's journey from Paneas, according to Josephus, and sixty-six miles from Damascus, according to Abulfeda. Achzib. or, Ecdippa, now Zib, nine miles north, from Accho. 14499-900731-1601 -Jud1.32 14500-900731-1601 -Jud1.33 14501-900731-1602 -Jud1.34 14502-900731-1603 -Jud1.35 14503-900731-1603 -Jud1.36 14504-900801-1458 -Jud2.1 01 An angel rebukes the people at Bochim 06 The wickedness of the new generation after Joshua 14 God's anger and pity towards them 20 The Canaanites left to prove Israel 14505-900801-1459 -Jud2.2 14506-900801-1500 -Jud2.3 14507-900801-1500 -Jud2.4 14508-900801-1501 -Jud2.5 14509-900801-1501 -Jud2.6 14510-900801-1502 -Jud2.7 14511-900801-1502 -Jud2.8 14512-900801-1503 -Jud2.9 it was celebrated in his time for the tomb of Joshua 14513-900801-1504 -Jud2.10 14514-900801-1505 -Jud2.11 common appellation of the Syrian gods; whence we have Baal-peor, Baal-zebub, etc. 14515-900801-1506 -Jud2.12 14516-900801-1506 -Jud2.13 14517-900801-1507 -Jud2.14 14518-900801-1508 -Jud2.15 14519-900801-1511 -Jud2.16 the term; but were heads or chiefs of the Israelites, raised up on extraordinary occasions, who directed and ruled the nation with sovereign power, administered justice, made peace or war, and led the armies over whom they presided. Officers with the same power, and nearly the same name, were established in New Tyre, after the termination of the regal state; and the Carthaginian Suffetes, the Athenian Archons, and the Roman Dictators, appear to have been nearly the same. delivered. Heb. saved 14520-900801-1512 -Jud2.17 14521-900801-1513 -Jud2.18 14522-900801-1514 -Jud2.19 14523-900801-1514 -Jud2.20 14524-900801-1515 -Jud2.21 14525-900801-1515 -Jud2.22 14526-900801-1515 -Jud2.23 14527-900801-1517 -Jud3.1 01 The nations which were left to prove Israel 05 By communion with them they commit idolatry 08 Othniel delivered them from Chushan-rishathaim 12 Ehud from Eglon 31 and Shamgar from the Philistines 14528-900801-1519 -Jud3.2 their hands to war and their fingers to flight, that they might be the instruments of destruction to the wicked nations on whom the curse rested; but now that they had forfeited His favour, they must learn what it is to fight like other men. 14529-900801-1520 -Jud3.3 14530-900801-1520 -Jud3.4 14531-900801-1521 -Jud3.5 14532-900801-1522 -Jud3.6 14533-900801-1522 -Jud3.7 14534-900801-1524 -Jud3.8 Mesopotamia, between the rivers, is a famous province situated between the Tigris and Euphrates. It is called by Arabian geographers, Maverannaher, the country beyond the rivers; and is now called Diarbek. 14535-900801-1525 -Jud3.9 14536-900801-1526 -Jud3.10 14537-900801-1527 -Jud3.11 14538-900801-1528 -Jud3.12 14539-900801-1528 -Jud3.13 14540-900801-1529 -Jud3.14 14541-900801-1532 -Jud3.15 his right hand. This Hebrew phrase intimates that, either through disease or disuse, he made little or no use of the right hand, but of his left only, and so was the less fit for war, because he would most likely wield a dagger awkwardly; yet God chose this left-handed man to be the minister of his retributive justice. It was God's right hand that gained Israel the victory, Ps. 44.3; not the right hand of the instruments he employed. 14542-900801-1532 -Jud3.16 14543-900801-1533 -Jud3.17 14545-900801-1533 -Jud3.19 14546-900801-1537 -Jud3.20 upper chamber, seems to have been of the same description as the odeah of the Arabs, but properly ventilated, described by Dr. Shaw, who says, that to most of their houses there is a smaller one annexed, which sometimes rises one story higher than the house; at other times, it consists of one or two rooms only, and a terrace; while others that are built, as they frequently are, over the porch or gateway, have, if we except the ground floor, which they want, all the conveniencies that belong to the house itself. There is a door of communication from them into the gallery of the house; besides another, which opens immediately from a private staircase, down into the porch or street, without giving the least disturbance to the house. In these back houses strangers are usually lodged and entertained; and to them likewise the men are wont to retire from the noise and hurry of their families, to be more at leisure for mediation or diversions. 14547-900801-1538 -Jud3.21 14548-900801-1538 -Jud3.22 14550-900801-1538 -Jud3.24 14552-900801-1538 -Jud3.26 14553-900801-1539 -Jud3.27 14554-900801-1540 -Jud3.28 14555-900801-1540 -Jud3.29 14556-900801-1540 -Jud3.30 14557-900801-1543 -Jud3.31 Palestine and Syria is of an extraordinary size. He measured several, and 'found them about eight feet long; and at the bigger end about six inches in circumference. They were armed at the lesser end with a sharp prickle for driving the oxen; and at the other end with a small paddle of iron, strong and massive, for cleansing the plough from the clay. In the hand of a powerful man such an instrument must be more dangerous and fatal than a sword. 14558-900801-1544 -Jud4.1 01 Deborah and Barak deliver them from Jabin and Sisera 17 Jael kills Sisera 14559-900801-1545 -Jud4.2 14560-900801-1545 -Jud4.3 14561-900801-1546 -Jud4.4 14562-900801-1547 -Jud4.5 14563-900801-1548 -Jud4.6 14564-900801-1548 -Jud4.7 14565-900801-1549 -Jud4.8 14566-900801-1549 -Jud4.9 14567-900801-1550 -Jud4.10 14568-900801-1550 -Jud4.11 14569-900801-1551 -Jud4.12 14570-900801-1552 -Jud4.13 projecting from the axle on each side, by which the infantry might be easily cut down or thrown into confusion. The ancient Britons are said to have had such chariots. 14571-900801-1555 -Jud4.14 states, ver. 8, that Barak wished Deborah to accompany him; 'Because I know not the day in which God will send his angel to give me prosperity.' is not. entirely insulated, and rises up in the plain of Esdraelon, about six miles from Nazareth, in a conical form, somewhat like a sugar-loaf. Josephus states its height to be thirty stadia, with a plain of 26 stadia in circumference on its top, on which was formerly a city, which was used as a military post. It is described as an exceedingly beautiful mountin, having a rich soil, producting excellent herbage, and adorned with groves and clumps of trees. 14572-900801-1555 -Jud4.15 14573-900801-1556 -Jud4.16 14574-900801-1557 -Jud4.17 14575-900801-1557 -Jud4.18 14576-900801-1558 -Jud4.19 14577-900801-1558 -Jud4.20 14578-900801-1559 -Jud4.21 14579-900801-1559 -Jud4.22 14580-900801-1600 -Jud4.23 14581-900801-1600 -Jud4.24 14582-900801-1603 -Jud5.1 01 The Song of Deborah and Barak inspired song, which consists of eight stanzas: The first opens with a devout thanksgiving. The second describes the magnificent scenes at Mount Sinai. The third states the apostacy and consequent punishment of the Israelites. The fourth contrasts their present happy state. The fifth censures the recreant tribes of Reuben, Gad. The sixth records the defeat of the confederate kings of Canaan. The seventh contains a panegyric on Jael. And the eight describes the fond anticipations and disappointment of the mother of Sisera. 14583-900801-1604 -Jud5.2 14584-900801-1605 -Jud5.3 14585-900801-1605 -Jud5.4 14586-900801-1606 -Jud5.5 14587-900801-1607 -Jud5.6 14588-900801-1607 -Jud5.7 14589-900801-1608 -Jud5.8 14590-900801-1608 -Jud5.9 14591-900801-1609 -Jud5.10 14592-900801-1611 -Jud5.11 Barbary, which runs into a large bason, called shrub we krub, 'drink and be off,' because of the danger of meeting with robbers and assassins in this place, who fall upon those who come to drink. 14593-900801-1612 -Jud5.12 14594-900802-1324 -Jud5.13 14595-900802-1325 -Jud5.14 14596-900802-1326 -Jud5.15 14597-900802-1327 -Jud5.16 14598-900802-1327 -Jud5.17 14599-900802-1328 -Jud5.18 14600-900802-1329 -Jud5.19 14601-900802-1330 -Jud5.20 14602-900802-1330 -Jud5.21 14603-900802-1337 -Jud5.22 the present day in some parts of the East. The flight was so rapid that the hoofs of their horses were splintered and broken by the roughness of the roads; in consequence of which they became lame, and could not carry off their riders. Waterland renders, 'mighty hourses,' or 'strong steeds,' as Dr. Kennicott, i.e. their war-horses, which gives great energy to the text, and renders it perfectly intelligible. 14604-900802-1338 -Jud5.23 place of considerable importance, since something great was expected from it; but probably, after the angel of the Lord had pronounced this curse, it dwindled and like the fig-tree which Christ cursed, withered away; so that we never read of it after this in Scripture. the angel 14605-900802-1339 -Jud5.24 14606-900802-1340 -Jud5.25 Arabs by agitating the milk in a leathern bag; and is highly esteemed because of its refreshing and cooling qualities. 14607-900802-1341 -Jud5.26 smote his head, then she struck through and pierced his temples;' which is more consonant to the original, and to fact, as it does not appear that she smote off his head. 14608-900802-1341 -Jud5.27 14609-900802-1341 -Jud5.28 14610-900802-1342 -Jud5.29 14611-900802-1342 -Jud5.30 14612-900802-1345 -Jud5.31 such happy consequence to Israel, that for the principal part of one age, they enjoyed the peace to which it had been the means of opening the way. The land had rest forty years, that is, so long it was from this victory to the raising up of Gideon. And well would it have been for the Israelites, if while the tribes had rest, they had taken advantage of the cessation from war, and had walked in the fear of the Lord. 14613-900802-1347 -Jud6.1 01 The Israelites for their sin are oppressed by Midian 08 A prophet rebukes them 11 An angel send Gideon for their deliverance 17 Gideon's present is consumed with fire 24 Gideon destroys Baal's altar, and offers a sacrifice upon the altar Jehovah-shalom 28 Joash defends his son, and call shim Jerubbaal 33 Gideon's army 36 Gideon's signs shall be made either to bend or break before him. Midian 14614-900802-1349 -Jud6.2 way on each side Joppa, on the sea coast, there is a range of mountains and precipices; and in these high situations are generally found the dens, holes, or caves, which are so frequently mentioned in Scripture; and which were formerly the lonesome retreats of the distressed Israelites. 14615-900802-1350 -Jud6.3 14616-900802-1351 -Jud6.4 borders of the land of Canaan, east of the Dead Sea, and Gaza was on the Mediterranean, on the west; so that these invaders ravaged the whole breadth of the land. 14617-900802-1352 -Jud6.5 14618-900802-1352 -Jud6.6 14620-900802-1353 -Jud6.8 prophet. Thus saith 14621-900802-1353 -Jud6.9 14622-900802-1354 -Jud6.10 14623-900802-1355 -Jud6.11 14624-900802-1355 -Jud6.12 14625-900802-1356 -Jud6.13 14626-900802-1357 -Jud6.14 14627-900802-1357 -Jud6.15 14628-900802-1358 -Jud6.16 14629-900802-1358 -Jud6.17 14630-900802-1359 -Jud6.18 14631-900802-1402 -Jud6.19 basket of figs, raisins, or dates, which upon our arrival were presented to us, to stay our appetite, the master of the tent fetched us from his flock, according to the number of our company, a kid or a goat, a lamb or a sheep; half of which was immediately seethed by his wife, and served up with cucasoe; the rest was made kab-ab, i.e. cut to pieces and roasted, which we reserved for our breakfast or dinner next day.' May we not suppose, says Mr. Harmer, that Gideon presented some slight refreshment to the supposed prophet, according to the present Arab mode, and described him to stay till he could provide something more substantial; that he immediately killed a kid, seethed a part of it, and when ready brought the stewed meat in a pot, with unleavened cakes of bread, which he had baked; and the other part, the kab-ab, in a basket for him to carry with him, for some after repast in his journey? 14632-900802-1403 -Jud6.20 14633-900802-1403 -Jud6.21 14634-900802-1404 -Jud6.22 14635-900802-1404 -Jud6.23 14636-900802-1405 -Jud6.24 14637-900802-1406 -Jud6.25 14638-900802-1406 -Jud6.26 manner 14639-900802-1407 -Jud6.27 14642-900802-1407 -Jud6.30 14643-900802-1408 -Jud6.31 earnest for Baal? Will ye really save him? If he be God, let him contend for himself, seeing his altar is thrown down.' 14644-900802-1409 -Jud6.32 14645-900802-1410 -Jud6.33 14646-900802-1411 -Jud6.34 14647-900802-1412 -Jud6.35 14648-900802-1412 -Jud6.36 14649-900802-1413 -Jud6.37 14650-900802-1413 -Jud6.38 14651-900802-1414 -Jud6.39 14653-900802-1416 -Jud7.1 01 Gideon's army of two and thirty thousand is brought to three hundred 09 He is encouraged by the dream and interpretation of the burley cake 16 His stratagem of trumpets and lamps in pitchers 24 The Ephraimites take Oreb and Zeeb surname of Gideon. He is mentioned by Sanchoniathon, quoted by Eusebius, who lived in the reign of Ithobal, king of Tyre, and consequently a little after the time of Gideon, by the name of Jerombalus, a priest of Jeuo or Jao. 14654-900802-1417 -Jud7.2 14655-900802-1419 -Jud7.3 of Jordan at this time; but rather near mount Gilboa, west of Jordan. Calmet thinks there must either have been two Gileads, which does not appear from Scripture to have been the case, or that the Hebrew text is corrupt, and that for Gilead we should read Gilboa. This reading, though adopted by Houbigant, is not confirmed by an MS or version. Dr. Hales endeavours to reconcile the whole, by the supposition that in Gideon's army there were many eastern Manassites from mount Gilead, near the Midianites; and therfore proposed to read, 'Whosoever from mount Gilead is fearful and afraid, let him return (home) and depart early.' twenty. 14656-900802-1420 -Jud7.4 14657-900802-1424 -Jud7.5 the dog makes in lapping. It appears that it is not unusual for the Arabs to drink water out of the palms of their hands; and, from this account, we learn that the Israelites did so occasionally. Dr. A. Clarke, in his edition of Harmer, has presented us with the following curious MS note from Dr. Russell. 'When they take water with the palms of their hands, they naturally place themselves on their hams, to be nearer the water; but when they drink from a pitcher or gourd, fresh filled, they do not sit down on purpose to drink, but drink standing, and very often put the sleeve of their shirt over the mouth of the vessel, by way of strainer, lest small leeches might have been taken up with the water. For the same reason they often prefer taking the water with the palm of the hand to lapping it from the surface.' From the letters of Busbequius we learn, that the Eastern people are not in the habit of drinking standing. The 300 men, who satisfied their thirst in the most expeditious manner, by this sufficiently indicated their spirit, and alacrity to follow Gideon in his dangerous enterprise; while the rest shewed their love of east, self-indulgence, effeminacy, and want of courage. 14659-900802-1424 -Jud7.7 14660-900802-1425 -Jud7.8 14661-900802-1425 -Jud7.9 14662-900802-1426 -Jud7.10 14663-900802-1426 -Jud7.11 14664-900802-1427 -Jud7.12 14665-900802-1428 -Jud7.13 14666-900802-1428 -Jud7.14 14667-900802-1429 -Jud7.15 14668-900802-1431 -Jud7.16 be ablee to encompass the whole camp of the Midianites. Concealing the lamps in the pitchers, they would pass unobserved to their appointed stations; then, in the dead of the night, when most of the enemy were fast asleep, all at once breaking their pitchers one against another, with as much noise as they could, and blowing the trumpets and shouting; they would occasion an exceedingly great alarm. The obedience of faith alone could have induced such an expedient, which no doubt God directed Gideon to employ. - -Scott. a trumpet. Heb. trumpets in the hand of all of them. empty 14669-900802-1432 -Jud7.17 14670-900802-1433 -Jud7.18 rightly supplied by our venerable translators from ver.20, is found in this place, in the Chaldee, Syriac, and Arabis, and in eight MSS; and evidently appears to be genuine 14671-900802-1433 -Jud7.19 14672-900802-1435 -Jud7.20 a dark night, of the sudden glare of 300 torches, darting their splendour in the same instant on the half-awakened eyes of the terrified Midianites; accompanied with the clangor of 300 trumpets, alternately mingled with the thundering shout of 'The sword of Jehovah and of Gideon!' 14673-900802-1435 -Jud7.21 14674-900802-1437 -Jud7.22 16 miles south from Scythopolis, or Bethshan. from Neapolis, or Shechem, towards Scythopolis. 14675-900802-1437 -Jud7.23 14676-900802-1438 -Jud7.24 at the ford where the Hebrews passed under the direction of Joshua 14677-900802-1444 -Jud7.25 three miles west from Scythopolis, which is supposed by some to have had its name from Oreb. and brought. Among ancient nations, the head of the conquered chief was usually brought to the conqueror. Thus Pompey's head was brought to Caesar, Cicero's head to Mark Anthony, and the heads of Ahab's children to Jehu. These barbarities are seldom practised now, except among the Mahommedans, or the savages of Africa and America; and for the credit of human nature, it is to be wished that such atrocities had never been committed. on the other side. The words maiaiver lyyarden, may denote at the passage of Jordan, or from beyond Jordan. Gideon does not appear to have yet passed the Jordan. 14678-900830-1402 -Jud8.1 01 Gideon pacifies the Ephraimates 04 Succoth and Penuel refuse to deliver Gideon's army 10 Zebah and Zalmunna are taken 13 Succoth and Penuel are destroyed 17 Gideon revenges his brethen's death on Zebah and Zulmunna 22 He refuses government 24 His ephod the cause of idolatry 28 Midian subdued 29 Gideon's children, and death 33 The Israelites' idolatry and ingratitude 14679-900830-1403 -Jud8.2 important services than Gideon and his men had achieved. Abiezer 14680-900830-1404 -Jud8.3 14681-900830-1406 -Jud8.4 14682-900830-1407 -Jud8.5 14683-900830-1408 -Jud8.6 14684-900830-1408 -Jud8.7 14685-900830-1409 -Jud8.8 14686-900830-1444 -Jud8.9 14687-900830-1412 -Jud8.10 mentioned. Some contend that karkor signifies rest; and the Vulgate renders it "rested". This seems the most likely; for it is said that Gideon 'smote the host: for the host was secure.' Children every one drawing a sword 14688-900830-1415 -Jud8.11 it; and is said by Eusebius to have been, in his time, a forsaken place eight miles south from Heshbon. Jogbehah was probably near it. 14689-900830-1416 -Jud8.12 14690-900830-1417 -Jud8.13 ascent of Chares; which is the reading of the LXX. Syriac, Arabic, and Houbigant. 14691-900830-1419 -Jud8.14 14692-900830-1419 -Jud8.15 14693-900830-1421 -Jud8.16 Clerc, and others read wyyadosh, and he tore or threshed; and this is not only agreeable to what Gideon threatened, but is supported by the LXX. Vulgate, Chaldee, Syriac, and Arabic. The Hebrew text might easily have been corrupted simply by the change of shin, into ayin, letters very similar to each other. 14694-900830-1422 -Jud8.17 14695-900830-1422 -Jud8.18 14696-900830-1422 -Jud8.19 14697-900830-1423 -Jud8.20 14698-900830-1424 -Jud8.21 and death by the blows of such a person must be much more lingering and tormenting. Some have employed children to dispatch captives 14699-900830-1426 -Jud8.22 15000-900915-1212 -Jud19.18 The LXX. read, `I am going to my {own} house;' which is probably the true reading, as we find (ver. 29) that he really went home; yet he might have gone previously to Shiloh, or to `the house of the Lord,' because that was also in mount Ephraim. 15001-900915-1214 -Jud19.19 In those countries principally devoted to pasturage, they made litte or no hay: but as they raised corn, they took great care of their straw for cattle, which by their mode of threshing was chopped very small. 15002-900915-1218 -Jud19.20 Here was genuine hospitality: `Keep your bread and wine for yourselves, and your straw and provender for your asses; you may need them before you finish your journey: I will supply all your wants this night; only do not lodge in the street.' 15003-900915-1219 -Jud19.21 15004-900915-1220 -Jud19.22 15005-900915-1221 -Jud19.23 15006-900915-1224 -Jud19.24 The rites of hospitality are regarded as sacred and inviolable in the East: and a man who had admitted a stranger under his roof, is bound to protect him even at the expense of his life. On these high notions only, the influence of which an Asiatic mind alone can appreciate, can the present transaction be either excused or palliated. 15007-900915-1226 -Jud19.25 15008-900915-1226 -Jud19.26 15010-900915-1227 -Jud19.28 15011-900915-1232 -Jud19.29 It is probable, that with the pieces he sent to each tribe a circumstantial account of the barbarity of the men at Gibeah; and that they considered each of the pieces as expressing an {execration.} That a similar custom prevailed in ancient times is evident from 1SA 11.7. It had an inhuman appearance, thus to mangle the corpse of this unhappy woman; but it was intended to excite a keener resentment against so horrible a crime, which called for a punishment proportionally severe. 15012-900915-1232 -Jud19.30 15013-900915-1243 -Jud20.1 8-11 The decree of the assemby 12-17 The Benjamites, being cited, make head against the Israelites 18-25 The Israelites in two battles lose forty thousand 26-48 They destroy by a stratagem all the Benjamites, except six hundred. summoned by the authority of any one common head, but they came together by the consent and agreement, as it were, of one common heart, fired with a holy zeal for the honour of God and Israel. The place of their meeting was Mizpeh; they gathered together unto the Lord there; for Mizpeh was so very near to Shiloh. Shiloh was a small town, and therefore, when there was a general meeting of the people to present themselves before God, they chose Mizpeh for their head quarters, which was the next adjoining city of note; perhaps, because they were not willing to give that trouble to Shiloh, which so great an assembly would occasion; it being the residence of the priest that attended the tabernacles. 15014-900915-1244 -Jud20.2 15015-900915-1245 -Jud20.3 15016-900915-1245 -Jud20.4 15017-900915-1246 -Jud20.5 15018-900915-1247 -Jud20.6 15019-900915-1249 -Jud20.7 15020-900915-1250 -Jud20.8 15021-900915-1251 -Jud20.9 15022-900915-1251 -Jud20.10 15023-900915-1251 -Jud20.11 15024-900915-1252 -Jud20.12 15025-900915-1314 -Jud20.13 but perhaps the rulers or elders of Gibeah ought previously to have been applied to, to deliver up the criminals to justice. However, the refusal of the Benjamites, and their protection of those who had committed this horrible wickedness, because they were of their own tribe, prove them to have been deeply corrupted, and (all their advantages considered) as ripe for divine vengence as the inhabitants of Sodom and Gomorrah had been. Confiding in their own valour and military skill, they seen to have {first} prepared for battle in this unequal contest with such superior numbers. 15026-900915-1316 -Jud20.14 15027-900915-1317 -Jud20.15 15028-900915-1325 -Jud20.16 `obstructed in his right hand;' so the Chaldee Targum, {gemid beedaih deyammeena;} `contracted or impeded in his right hand.' Le Clerc observes, that the 700 men left-handed seem therefore to have been made slingers, because they could not use the right hand, which is employed in managing heavier arms; and they could discharge the stones from the sling in a direction against which their opponents were not upon their guard, and thus do the greater execution. of those who were skilled in the use of it, produced astonishing effects. The inhabitants of the islands of Baleares, now Majorca and Minorca, were the most celbrated slingers of antiquity. They did not permit their children to break their fast, till they had struck down the bread they had to eat from the top of a pole, on some distant eminence. Vegetius tells us, that slingers could in general hit the mark at 600 feet distances. 15029-900915-1325 -Jud20.17 15030-900915-1327 -Jud20.18 15031-900915-1328 -Jud20.19 15033-900915-1329 -Jud20.21 15034-900915-1330 -Jud20.22 15035-900915-1335 -Jud20.23 It seems most evident that the Israelites did not seek the protection of God. When they `went to the house of God,' ver 18 it was not to enquire concerning the {expediency} of the war, nor of its {success}, but which of the tribes should begin the attack: and the question is, `Shall I go up again to battle against the children of Benjamin my brother?' Having so much {right} on their side, they had no doubt of the {justice} of their cause, and the {propriety} of their conduct; and having such a {superiority} of numbers, they had no doubt of {success}. But God humbled them, and delivered them into the hands of their enemies; and shewed them that the race was not to the swift, not the battle to the strong. 15037-900915-1336 -Jud20.25 15038-900915-1337 -Jud20.26 15039-900915-1340 -Jud20.27 to enquire of the Lord; for all the company at this time met at Shiloh, and kept a day of fasting and prayer with great earnestness and solemnity. `Behold, the Lord's hand is not shortened, that it cannot save; neither his ear heavy, that it cannot hear.' 15040-900915-1343 -Jud20.28 It is evident, from this mention of Phineas, the son of Eleazar, that these transactions must have taken place not long after the death of Joshua. 15041-900915-1344 -Jud20.29 Though God had promised them success, they knew they could expect it only by the use of proper means. Hence they used all prudent precaution, and employed, all their military skill. 15043-900915-1346 -Jud20.31 wounded as at, etc. 15044-900915-1348 -Jud20.32 This was done, not only because they had placed an ambuscade behind Gibeah, which was to enter and burn the city as soon as the Benjamites left it; but it would seem, that the slingers, by being within the city and its fortifications, had great advantage over the Israelite by their slings, when they could not come among them with their swords, unless they got them in the plain of the country. 15045-900915-1351 -Jud20.33 There appear to have been three divisions of the Israelitish army: one at Baal-tamar, (which was situated, says Eusebius, near Gibeah;) a second behind the city in ambush; and a third, who skirmished with the Benjamites before Gibeah. 15046-900915-1352 -Jud20.34 15047-900915-1411 -Jud20.35 those of Benjamin, though the strategem was well laid and ingeniously executed, and the battle bravely fought, yet the inspired historian ascribes the victory to the hand of the Lord, as entirely as if he had smitten the Benjamites by a miracle. 15048-900915-1412 -Jud20.36 15049-900915-1413 -Jud20.37 15050-900915-1415 -Jud20.38 From this verse to the end of the chapter, we have the details of the same operations which are mentioned, in a general way, in the preceding verses of this chapter. 15051-900915-1416 -Jud20.39 15052-900915-1417 -Jud20.40 15053-900915-1418 -Jud20.41 15054-900915-1419 -Jud20.42 15055-900915-1420 -Jud20.43 15057-900915-1421 -Jud20.45 15058-900915-1421 -Jud20.46 15059-900915-1429 -Jud20.47 The rock Rimmon was doubtless a strong place; but it is uncertain where situated. it is probable however, that it was near, and took its name from, the village of Remmon, mentioned by Eusebius, fifteen miles north from Jerusalem. It appears that rocks are still resorted to in the East, as places of security; and some of them are even capable of sustaining a siege. De La Roque says, that `The Grand Seignior, wishing to seize the person of the emir (Fakr-eddin, prince of the Druses,) gave orders to the pacha to take him prisoner: he accordingly came in search of him, with a new army, in the district of Chouf, which is part of mount Lebanon, whrein is the village of Gesin, and close to it, the rock which served for a retreat to the emir. It is name in Arabic, Magara Gesin, ie.e, the cavern of Gessin, by which name it is famous. The pacha pressed the emir so closely, that this unfortunate prince was obliged to shut himslef up in the cleft of a great rock, with a small number of his officers. The pacha beseiged him there several months; and was going to blow up the rock with a mine, when the emir capitulated. 15060-900915-1430 -Jud20.48 15061-900915-1434 -Jud21.1 8-15 By the destruction of Jabesh-gilead they provide them four hundred wives. 16-25 They advise the remainder to surprise the virgins that danced at Shiloh 15062-900915-1434 -Jud21.2 15063-900915-1435 -Jud21.3 15064-900915-1436 -Jud21.4 15065-900915-1437 -Jud21.5 15066-900915-1438 -Jud21.6 15067-900915-1439 -Jud21.7 15068-900915-1443 -Jud21.8 This place, as its name imports, was situated at Gilead, east of Jordan. Eusebius and Jerome say it was a great twon in their time, standing upon a hill, six miles south from Pella, in the way to Geresa, now Djerash. The {Wady Yabes}, mentioned by Burckhardt, which empties itself into the Jordan, in the neighborhood of Bisan or Beth-shan (see 1Sa 31.11) and upon which Plin, 1.v.c. 18, for its fine waters,) seems to have taken its name from Jabesh. near this spot, we must therefore look for its site; and the place called Kalaat Rabbad seem to correspond, very nearly, to the spot, though it probably still retains among the Arabs its ancient name. 15070-900915-1448 -Jud21.10 As they had sworn to destroy those who would not assist in the war (ver. 5) they determined to destroy the men of Jabesh, and to leave none except the virgins; and to give these to the 600 Benjamites who had escaped to the rock of Timmon. The whole account is dreadful. The crime of the men of Gibeah was of the deepest dye; the punishment involving both the guilty and innocent, was extended to the most criminal excess, and their mode of remedying the evil they had occasioned was equally abominable. 15071-900915-1448 -Jud21.11 15072-900915-1450 -Jud21.12 15073-900915-1451 -Jud21.13 15074-900915-1452 -Jud21.14 15075-900915-1453 -Jud21.15 15077-900915-1453 -Jud21.17 15078-900915-1454 -Jud21.18 15079-900915-1458 -Jud21.19 Maundrell supposes, that either Khan Leban, which is situated on the eastern side of a `delicious vale,' four leagues south from Shechem, and two leagues north from Bethel, or the village of Leban, which is on the opposite side, occupies the site of the ancient Lenonah. It is eight hours, or about 24 miles, from Jerusalem, according to Dr. Richardson. 15081-900915-1500 -Jud21.21 15082-900915-1501 -Jud21.22 15083-900915-1505 -Jud21.23 It appears that the Benjamites acted in the most honourable way to the women they had thus violently carried off, and we may rest assured, that they took them to an inheritance more than equal to their own. But this transaction, as well as the indiscriminate massacre of the people of Jabesh-gilead, as Dr. Gray observes, was certainly stamped with injustice and cruelty; and must be condemned on those principles which the Sriptures elsewhere furnish. 15085-900915-1505 -Jud21.25 15086-900715-0924 -Ru1.1 CONCLUDING REMARKS ON THE BOOK OF RUTH This book is evidently a supplement to the book of Judges, and an introduction to that of Samuel, between which it is placed with great propriety. In the ancient Jewish canon, it formed a part of the book of Judges; but the modern Jews make it one of the five Megiloth, which they place towards the end of the Old Testament. This book has been attributed to various authors; but the best founded and generally received opinion, and in which the Jews coincide, is that which ascribes it to the prophet Samuel; before whose time it could not have been written, as is evident from the genealogy recorded in ch. 4.17-22. The time in which the events detailed in this book happened is involved in much obscurity and uncertainty. Augustine refers it to the time of the regal government of the Hebrews; Josephus to the administration of Eli; Moldenhawer, after some Jewish writers, to the time of Ehud; Rabbi Kimichi, and other Jewish authors, to the time of Ibzan; Bps Patrick and Horne to the judicature of Gideon; Lightfoot to the period between Ehud and Deborah; and Usher, who is followed by most chronologers, to the time of Shamgar. The authenticity and canonical authority of this sacred book cannot be questioned; and the Evangelists, in describing our Saviour's descent, have followed its genealogical accounts. To delineate part of this genealogy appears to be the principal design of the book; it had been foretold that the Messiah should be of the tribe of Judah, and it was afterwards revealed that he should be of the family of David; and therefore it was necessary, to prevent the least suspicion of fraud or design, that the history of that family should be written before these prophecies were revealed. And thus this book, these prophecies, and their accomplishment, serve mutually to illustrate each other. The whole narrative is extremely interesting and instructive, and is written with the most beautiful simplicity. The distress of Naomi; her affectionate concern for her daughter-in-law; the reluctant departure of Orpah; the dutiful attachment of Ruth; and the sorrowful return to Bethlehem, are very beautifully told. The simplicity of manners, likewise, which is shewn in the account of Ruth's industry and attention Naomi; of the elegant charity of Boaz; and of his acknowledgment of his kindred with Ruth, afford a very pleasing contrast to the turbulent scenes described in the preceding book. And while it exhibits, in a striking and affecting manner, the care of Divine Providence over those who sincerely fear God, and honestly aim at fulfilling his will, the circumstance of a Maoabitess becoming an ancestor of the Messiah seem to have been a pre-intimation of the admission of the Gentiles into his church. It must be remarked, that in this estimation of the Jews, it was disgraceful to David to have derived his birth from a Moabitess; and Shimei, in his revilings against him, is supposed by them to tauntingly reflected on his descent from Ruth. This book, therefore, contains and intrinsic proof of its own verity, as it reveals a circumstance so little flattering to the sovereign of Israel; and it is scarcely necessary to appeal to its admission into the canon of Scripture, for a testimony of its authentic character. Add to which, that the native, the amiable simplicity in which the story is told, is sufficient proof of its genuineness. There are several sympathetic circumstances recorded which no forger could have intended; there is too much of nature to admit any thing of art. ---------------------------------------------------------------- ------- 4,5 Mahlon and Chilion, having married wives of Moab, die also 6,7 Naomi, returning homeward 8-13 dissuades her two daughters-in-law from going with her 14-18 Orpah leaves her,but Ruth with great constancy accompanies her 19-22 They two come to Beth-lehem, where they are gladly received 15087-900715-0927 -Ru1.2 The Rabbins say that Elimelech was the son of Salmon, who married Rahab; and that Naomi was his niece. It is imagined, and not without probability, that Mahlon and Chilion are the same with Joash and Saraph, mentioned in 1ch 4.22 15088-900715-0927 -Ru1.3 15089-900715-0929 -Ru1.4 The Targum says, `they transgressed the decree of the Lord, and took to them strange women.' 15090-900715-0932 -Ru1.5 The Targum adds, `And because they transgressed the decree of the word of the Lord, and joined affinity with strange people, therefore their days were cut off.' 15091-900715-0933 -Ru1.6 15092-900715-0934 -Ru1.7 15093-900715-0935 -Ru1.8 15094-900715-0936 -Ru1.9 15095-900715-0936 -Ru1.10 15096-900715-0939 -Ru1.11 This alludes to the custom that when a married brother died, without leaving posterity, his brother should take his widow; and the children of such marriages were accounted those of the deceased brother. This address of Naomi to her daughter-in-law is exceedingly tender, persuasive, and affecting. 15097-900715-0939 -Ru1.12 15098-900715-0940 -Ru1.13 15099-900715-0944 -Ru1.14 the LXX. add, (), `and returned to her own people.' The Vulgate Syriac, and Arabic, are to the same purpose. It seems a very natural addition, and agrees with the assertion in the next verse; and is accordingly adopted by Houbignant as a part of the text. 15100-900715-0946 -Ru1.15 They were probably both idolaters at this time. That they were proselytes is an unfounded conjecture; and the conversion of Ruth now only commenced. 15101-900715-0949 -Ru1.16 A more perfect surrender of friendly feelings to a friend was never made. This was a most extraordinary and disinterested attachment. 15102-900715-1508 -Ru1.17 15103-900715-1510 -Ru1.18 15104-900715-1511 -Ru1.19 From this it would appear that Naomi was not only well known, but also highly respected at Beth-lehem: a proof that Elimelech was of high consideration at that place. 15105-900715-1514 -Ru1.20 15106-900715-1514 -Ru1.21 15107-900715-1516 -Ru1.22 At the beginning of Spring; for the barley harvest began immediately after the passover, and that festival was held on the 15th of Nisan, corresponding nearly with our March. 15108-900715-1519 -Ru2.1 4-7 Boaz takes notice of her 8-17 and shews her great favor 18-23 That which she got, she carries to Naomi boaz, according the Targumist, was the same as Ibzan. 15109-900715-1519 -Ru2.2 15110-900715-1520 -Ru2.3 15111-900715-1522 -Ru2.4 15112-900715-1522 -Ru2.5 15113-900715-1523 -Ru2.6 This seems to have been a kind of steward, who had the under- management of the estate. 15114-900715-1525 -Ru2.7 It seems that the reapers were now resting in a tent, erected for that purpose; and that Ruth had just gone in with them, to take her rest also. 15115-900715-1526 -Ru2.8 15116-900715-1528 -Ru2.9 15117-900715-1530 -Ru2.10 15118-900715-1531 -Ru2.11 15119-900715-1533 -Ru2.12 15120-900715-1535 -Ru2.13 15121-900715-1538 -Ru2.14 Vinegar, robb of fruits, etc., are used for this purpose in the East to the present day; into which, says Dr. Shaw, they dip the bread and hand together. 15122-900715-1543 -Ru2.15 The word glean comes from the French [glaner] to gather ears or grains of corn. This was formerly a general custom in England and Ireland: the poor went into the fields, and collected the straggling ears of corn after the reapers; and it was long supposed that this was their right, and that the law recognized it; but although it has been an old custom, it is now settled by a solemn judgment of the Court of Common Pleas, that a right to glean in the harvest field cannot be claimed by any person at common law. Any person may permit or prevent it on his own grounds. By the Irish Acts, 25 Henry VIII c. 1, and 28 Henry VIII.c.24, gleaning and leasing are so restricted as to be in fact prohibited in that part of the United Kingdom. 15123-900715-1544 -Ru2.16 15124-900715-1546 -Ru2.17 15125-900715-1547 -Ru2.18 15126-900715-1548 -Ru2.19 15127-900715-1549 -Ru2.20 15128-900715-1551 -Ru2.21 the word {hannearim} should be translated {the servants}; both male and female being included in it, the latter especially: 15129-900715-1552 -Ru2.22 Ruth is said, by the Targumist, to have been the daughter of Eglon, king of Moab. 15130-900715-1553 -Ru2.23 15131-900715-1556 -Ru3.1 5-7 Ruth lies at Boaz's feet 8-13 Boaz acknowledges the right of a kinsman 14-18 He sends her away with six measures of barley 15132-900715-1559 -Ru3.2 It is probable that the winnowing of grain was effected by taking up a portion of the corn in sieve, and letting it down slowly in the wind; thus the grain would, by its own weight, fall in one place, while the chaff, etc., would be carried a distance by the wind. It is said here that this was done at night; probably what was threshed out in the day was winnowed in the evening, when the sea breeze set in, which was common in Palestine. 15133-900715-1600 -Ru3.3 15134-900715-1601 -Ru3.4 15136-900715-1601 -Ru3.6 15137-900715-1606 -Ru3.7 Such was the simplicity of those early times, that the most wealthy persons looked after their own affairs, both at home and in the field, These threshing-floors were covered at top to keep off the rain, but lay open on all sides, that the wind might come in freely, for winnowing the corn; which being done, it is probable they were shut up at night, with doors fitted to them, that if any one lay there he might be kept warm, and the corn be secured from robbers. 15138-900715-1606 -Ru3.8 15139-900715-1610 -Ru3.9 and a metaphor taken from the young of fowls, which run under the wings of their mother from birds of prey. Even to the present day, when a Jew marries a woman, he throws the skirts of his talisth over her, to signify that he has taken her under his protection. 15140-900715-1611 -Ru3.10 15141-900715-1611 -Ru3.11 15142-900715-1612 -Ru3.12 15143-900715-1613 -Ru3.13 15144-900715-1613 -Ru3.14 15145-900715-1619 -Ru3.15 The word mitpachath has been variously rendered. The LXX. translate it (), an apron, and Vulgate, pallium, a cloak. By the circumstances of the story, it must have been of a considerable size; and accordingly Dr. Shaw thinks it was no other than the {hyke}, the finer sort of which, such as are still worn ladies and persons of distinction among the Arabs, he takes to answer to the (), or robe, of the ancient Greeks. The quantity of this barley is uncertain. The Targum renders it, shith sein, `six seahs.' A seah contained about two gallons and a half, six of which must have been a very heavy load for a woman, and so the Targumist thought, for he add, `And she received strength from the Lord to carry it.' 15146-900715-1621 -Ru3.16 hast thou done, my daughter? 15148-900715-1621 -Ru3.18 15149-900715-1625 -Ru4.1 6-8 He refuses the redemption according to the manner in Israel 9,10 Boaz buys the inheritance 11-12 He marries Ruth 13-17 She bears Obed, the grandfather of David 18-22 The generations of Pharez unto David 15150-900715-1626 -Ru4.2 15151-900715-1627 -Ru4.3 15152-900715-1628 -Ru4.4 15153-900715-1631 -Ru4.5 Or rather, according to the emendations proposed Houbigant and Dr. Kennicott, and which have been confirmed by a great many MSS. since collated, and agreeably to the ancient versions, `In the day thou purchasest the land from the hand of Naomi, thou wilt also acquire Ruth, the Moabitess, the wife of the dead.' etc. This is Boaz's statement of the case to his kinsman, before the people and elders. 15154-900715-1634 -Ru4.6 The Targum seems to give the proper sense of this passage: `I cannot redeem it, because I have a wife already; and it is not fit for me to bring another into my house, lest brawling and contention arise in it; and lest I hurt my own inheritance. Do thou redeem it, for thou has no wife; which hinders me from redeeming it.' 15155-900715-1638 -Ru4.7 This custom does not refer to the law about refusing to marry a brother's widow, but was usual in the transfer of inheritances: for this relative was not a brother, but simply a kinsman; and the shoe was not pulled off by Ruth, but by the kinsman himself. The Targumist, instead of {his shoe}, renders `his right hand glove, ' it probably being the custom, in his time, to give that instead of a shoe. Jarchi says, `When we purchase any thing new, it is customary to give, instead of a shoe, a handkerchief or veil.' 15157-900715-1639 -Ru4.9 15158-900715-1640 -Ru4.10 15159-900715-1643 -Ru4.11 15160-900715-1644 -Ru4.12 15161-900715-1645 -Ru4.13 15162-900715-1647 -Ru4.14 15163-900715-1648 -Ru4.15 15165-900715-1649 -Ru4.17 it. 15166-900715-1650 -Ru4.18 15167-900715-1651 -Ru4.19 15168-900715-1652 -Ru4.20 15169-900715-1653 -Ru4.21 15170-900715-1653 -Ru4.22 15171-900715-2153-1Sa1.1 The First Book of SAMUEL, otherwise called The First Book of the KINGS 4-8 He cherishes Hannah, though barren, and provoked by Peninnah 9-11 Hannah in grief prays for a child 12-18 Eli first rebuking her, afterwards blesses her 19-23 Hannah, having born Samuel, stays at home till he is weaned 24-28 She presents him, according to her vow, to the Lord This ancient town, now called Ramla, is, according to Phocas, about thirty-six miles west of Jerusalem, and, according to modern travellers, about none miles from Joppa and a league from Lydda, between which it is situated. It is built on a rising ground, on a rich plain, and contains about two thousand families. 15172-900715-2154-1Sa1.2 15173-900715-2157-1Sa1.3 15174-900715-2157-1Sa1.4 15175-900715-2200-1Sa1.5 The Hebrew phrase, manah achath appayim, is correctly rendered by Gesenius, (), `a portion for two persons, a double portion;' for aph in Hebrew, and () in Greek, which literally mean a face, are used for a person. 15176-900715-2201-1Sa1.6 15177-900715-2202-1Sa1.7 15178-900715-2203-1Sa1.8 15179-900715-2203-1Sa1.9 15180-900715-2205-1Sa1.10 15181-900715-2210-1Sa1.11 Samuel, as a descendent of Levi, was the Lord's property, from twenty-five years of age till fifty; but the vow here implies that he should be consecrated to the Lord from his infancy to his death, and that he should not only act as a Levite, but as a Nazarite. 15182-900715-2211-1Sa1.12 15183-900715-2212-1Sa1.13 15184-900715-2213-1Sa1.14 15185-900715-2215-1Sa1.15 15186-900715-2216-1Sa1.16 15187-900715-2217-1Sa1.17 15188-900715-2218-1Sa1.18 15189-900715-2219-1Sa1.19 15190-900715-2221-1Sa1.20 15191-900715-2222-1Sa1.21 15192-900715-2223-1Sa1.22 15193-900715-2224-1Sa1.23 15194-900715-2226-1Sa1.24 The LXX., Syriac, and Arabice, read `a bullock of three years old;' which is probably correct, as we read (verse 25) that they slew eth happar, `the bullock.' 15195-900715-2227-1Sa1.25 15196-900715-2228-1Sa1.26 15197-900715-2228-1Sa1.27 15198-900715-2231-1Sa1.28 the Lord. The word {hishhilteehoo}, ` I have lent him,' is the Hiphil conjugation of {sahal}, `he asked,' (ver 27) and refers to the name of Samuel. returned. 15199-900715-2235-1Sa2.1 12-17 The sin of Eli's sons 18,19 Samuel's ministry 20,21 by Eli's blessing Hannah is more fruitful 22-26 Eli reproves his sons 27-36 A prophecy against Eli's house 15200-900715-2237-1Sa2.2 15201-900722-1758-1Sa2.3 15202-900715-2240-1Sa2.4 15203-900715-2241-1Sa2.5 15204-900715-2242-1Sa2.6 15205-900715-2243-1Sa2.7 15206-900715-2245-1Sa2.8 15207-900715-2248-1Sa2.9 15208-900715-2254-1Sa2.10 The LXX. insert, `Let not the wise glory in his wisdom, nor the rich glory in his riches; but let him who glorieth glory in this, that he understandeth and knoweth the Lord, and executeth judgment and righteousness in the midst of the earth.' 15209-900721-0723-1Sa2.11 15210-900721-0725-1Sa2.12 15212-900721-0726-1Sa2.14 15213-900721-0727-1Sa2.15 15214-900721-0728-1Sa2.16 15215-900721-0728-1Sa2.17 15216-900721-0729-1Sa2.18 15217-900721-0731-1Sa2.19 upper garment: see note on ex 28.4 15218-900721-0733-1Sa2.20 after which the 21st should probably come in; and after the 21st, perhaps the 26th should follow. 15219-900721-0734-1Sa2.21 15220-900721-0737-1Sa2.22 It is probable that these were persons who had some employment about the tabernacle: see note on Ex 38.8 assembled by troops 15221-900721-0738-1Sa2.23 15222-900721-0740-1Sa2.24 15223-900721-0744-1Sa2.25 (see Ps 116.10) so Noldius, Ideo voluit Jehovah eos interficere, 'Therefore jehovah purposed to destroy them.' 15224-900721-0745-1Sa2.26 15225-900721-0746-1Sa2.27 15226-900721-0748-1Sa2.28 15227-900721-0753-1Sa2.29 They disdained to take the part allowed by the law; and would take for themselves what part they pleased, and as much as they pleased. By permitting his sons to deal thus with the sacrifices, and to be served first, by taking their part before the fat, etc., was burnt to the Lord, Eli thus honoured his sons above God. 15228-900721-0757-1Sa2.30 15229-900721-0800-1Sa2.31 That is, I will destroy the strength, power, influence, and authority of thee and thy family; of which the arm of man being the instrument, is used as the emblem. 15230-900721-0802-1Sa2.32 wealth which God would have given Israel. This appears to be the right translation; for, agreeably to this prediction, he did see the tabernacle deprived of the ark, which was its glory, and lived to hear that it was captured by the Philistines. 15231-900721-0803-1Sa2.33 15232-900721-0804-1Sa2.34 15233-900721-0806-1Sa2.35 15234-900721-0808-1Sa2.36 15235-900721-0810-1Sa3.1 11-14 God tells Samuel the destruction of Eli's house 15-18 Samuel, though loath, tells Eli the vision 19-21 Samuel grows in credit 15236-900721-0811-1Sa3.2 15237-900721-0813-1Sa3.3 extinguished before the rising of the sun; see the Parallel Passages. 15238-900721-0814-1Sa3.4 15240-900721-0815-1Sa3.6 15241-900721-0818-1Sa3.7 before the word of the Lord was revealed unto him. Samuel was not destitute of the knowledge of God, in that sense which implies the total absence of true piety, as Eli's sons were; for he knew and worshipped the God of Israel: but he did not know him as communicating special revelations of his will to him, in the manner in which he made it known to the prophets. 15242-900721-0822-1Sa3.8 himself to his servants the prophets - by the `still small voice'- yet when this direct communication from the Almighty was made the third time, in a way altogether new and strange to him, it seems astonishing that he did not immediately apprehend. Perhaps he would have been sooner aware of a divine revelation, had it come in a dream or a vision. Those who have the greatest knowledge of divine things, should remember the time when they were as babes, unskillful in the word of righteousness 15243-900721-0823-1Sa3.9 15244-900721-0827-1Sa3.10 This seems to imply a visible appearance, as well as an audible voice. called, but lay still and listened. All must be silent, when God speaks, Observe, however, Samuel in his reply left out one word: he did not say, Speak, Lord, but only Speak, for thy servant heareth; perhaps , as Bp. Patrick suggests, out of uncertainty, whether it was God that spake to him or not. However, by this answer way was made for the massage he now to receive, and Samuel was brought acquainted with the words of God and visions of the Almighty 15245-900721-0828-1Sa3.11 15246-900721-0829-1Sa3.12 15247-900721-0832-1Sa3.13 15248-900721-0833-1Sa3.14 15249-900721-0837-1Sa3.15 Samuel reverenced Eli as a father, and feared to distress him by shewing what God had purposed to do. It does not appear that God commanded Samuel to deliver this message; he therefore did not attempt it till adjured by Eli. It might be supposed that Samuel would have been so full of ecstasy as to have forgotten his ordinary service, and run amongst his friends to tell them of the converse he had had with God in the night: but he modestly keeps it to himself. Our secret communion with God is not to be proclaimed on the house-top. 15251-900721-0839-1Sa3.17 15252-900721-0842-1Sa3.18 person, thing, etc. every whit is every thing: equivalent to every jot. 15253-900721-0844-1Sa3.19 15254-900721-0845-1Sa3.20 15255-900721-0847-1Sa3.21 appear:' that is, He continued to reveal himself to Samuel at Shiloh. 15256-900721-0854-1Sa4.1 3-9 They fetch the ark unto the terror of the Philistines 10,11 They are smitten again, the ark taken, and Hopni and Phineas are slain 12-18 Eli at the news, falling backward, breaks his neck 19-22 Phineas's wife, discouraged in her trevail with I-cha-bod, dies This Aphek was situated in the tribe of Judah, and is probably the same as Aphekah another in Asher. 15257-900721-0855-1Sa4.2 15258-900721-0858-1Sa4.3 15259-900721-0900-1Sa4.4 15260-900721-0901-1Sa4.5 They vainly supposed that the ark would save them, when the God of it had departed from them because of their wickedness 15261-900721-0902-1Sa4.6 15262-900721-0903-1Sa4.7 15263-900721-0903-1Sa4.8 15264-900721-0904-1Sa4.9 15265-900721-0905-1Sa4.10 15266-900721-0907-1Sa4.11 15267-900721-0908-1Sa4.12 These, as we have already remarked, were the general signs of sorrow and distress 15268-900721-0909-1Sa4.13 15269-900721-0909-1Sa4.14 15270-900721-0911-1Sa4.15 15271-900721-0911-1Sa4.16 15272-900721-0912-1Sa4.17 15273-900721-0914-1Sa4.18 that in south-west Israel.' 15274-900721-0915-1Sa4.19 15275-900721-0916-1Sa4.20 15276-900721-0917-1Sa4.21 15277-900721-0918-1Sa4.22 15278-900721-1030-1Sa5.1 the house Dagon 3-7 Dagon is smitten down and cut and cut in pieces, and cut in pieces, and they of Ashdod smitten with emerods 8,9 So God deals with them of Gath, when it was brought thither 10-12 and so with them of Ekron, when it was brought thither Ashdod, called azotus by the Greeks, was one of the five satraphies of the Philistines, and a place of great strength and consequence. It was situated near the Mediterranean, between Askelon and Jamnia, thirty-four miles north of Gaza, according to Diodorus Sciculus, and the Antonine and Jerusalem Itineraries. it is now called Shdood; and Dr. Richardson says they neither saw nor heard of any ruins there. `The site of the town is on the summit of a grassy hill; and, if we are to believe historians, was anciently as strong as it was beautiful. 15279-900721-1030-1Sa5.2 15280-900721-1031-1Sa5.3 15281-900721-1038-1Sa5.4 The name of this idol, Dagon, signifies a fish: and it is supposed to be the Atergatis of the Syrians, corruptly called Derceto by the Greeks, which had the upper part of a woman, and the lower part like a fish; as Lucian informs us: () `In Phoenicia I saw the image of Derceto; a strange sight truly! For she had the half of a woman, but from the thighs downward a fish's tail.' Diodorus, describing the same idol, as represented at Askelon, say, (), `It had the head of a woman, but all the rest of the body a fish's. Probably Horace alludes to this idol, in De Art. Poet. v. 4; Desinat in poscem, mulier formosa superne: `The upper part a handsome woman, and the lower part a fish.' If such was the form of this idol, then everything that was human was broken off from what resembled a fish. 15282-900721-1039-1Sa5.5 15283-900721-1044-1Sa5.6 medio regionis illius, et nati sunt mures; et facta est confusio mortis magnae in civitate; `And the cities and fields in Vulg. the midst of that region produced mice; [Vulg. burst up, and mice were produced;] and there was the confusion of a great death in the city.' 15284-900721-1047-1Sa5.7 15285-900721-1048-1Sa5.8 15286-900721-1050-1Sa5.9 15287-900721-1051-1Sa5.10 15288-900721-1052-1Sa5.11 15289-900721-1053-1Sa5.12 15290-900721-1056-1Sa6.1 back the ark 10-18 They bring it on a new cart with an offering unto Beth- shemesh 19,20 The people are smitten for looking into the ark 21 They send to them of Kirjath-jearim to fetch it 15291-900721-1057-1Sa6.2 15292-900721-1058-1Sa6.3 15293-900721-1059-1Sa6.4 15294-900721-1136-1Sa6.5 Bochart has collected many curious accounts relative to the terrible devastations made by these mischievous animals. William, Archbishop of Tyre, records, that in the beginning of the twelfth century, a penitential council was held at Naplouse, where five and twenty canons were framed for the correction of the manners of the inhabitants of the Christian kingdom of Jerusalem, who they apprehended had provoked to bring upon them the calamities of earthquakes, war, and famine. This last he ascribes to locusts and devouring mice, which had for four years together so destroyed the fruits of the earth as to cause an almost total failure of their crops. It was customary for the ancient heathen to offer to their gods such monuments of their deliverance as represented the evils from which they had been rescued; and Tavernier informs us, that among the Indians, when a pilgrim goes to one of the pagodas for a cure, he brings the figure of the member affected, made of gold, silver, or copper, according to his circumstances, when he offers to his god. 15295-900721-1138-1Sa6.6 15296-900721-1138-1Sa6.7 15297-900721-1139-1Sa6.8 15298-900721-1140-1Sa6.9 15300-900721-1140-1Sa6.11 15303-900721-1142-1Sa6.14 15305-900721-1143-1Sa6.16 15306-900721-1146-1Sa6.17 15307-900721-1147-1Sa6.18 15308-900721-1156-1Sa6.19 As it is very improbable that the village of Beth-shemesh should contain, or be capable of employing, 50,070 men in the fields at wheat harvest, much less that they could all peep into the ark, and from the uncommon manner in which it is expressed in the original, it is generally allowed that there is some corruption in the text, or that some explanatory word is omitted. The Hebrew is {shiven ish, chasmishim aileph ish}, literally, `seventy men, fifty thousand men:' so LXX (). Vulgate, septuaginta viros, et quinquagint millia plebis, `70 (chief) men.' But the Syriac, chamsho alphin weshivin gavrin, `5000 and 70 men;' with which the Arabic agrees; while Josephus has only () seventy men; and three reputable MSS of Dr. Kennicott's also omits `50,000 men.' Some learned men, however, would render, by supplying () mem, `70 men; fifty out of a thousand; ' which supposes about 1400 present, and that a twentieth part were slain. 15309-900721-1156-1Sa6.20 15310-900721-1157-1Sa6.21 15311-900721-1202-1Sa7.1 1 They of Kirjath-jearim bring the ark into the house of Abinadab, and sanctify Eleazar, his son to keep it 2 After twenty years, 3-6 the Israelites, by Samuel's means, solemnly repent at Mizpeh 7-12 While Samuel prays and sacrifices, the Lord discomfits the Philistines by thunder at Eben-ezer 13,14 The Philistines are subdued 15-17 Samuel judges Israel 15312-900721-1203-1Sa7.2 15313-900721-1206-1Sa7.3 15314-900721-1206-1Sa7.4 15315-900721-1207-1Sa7.5 15316-900721-1215-1Sa7.6 Grottius says, that the pouring out of water means the shedding of tears; and the Targum reads, `And they poured out their hearts in penitence, as waters, before the Lord.' Others suppose that it was done emblematically, to represent the contrition of their hearts, and their desire to wash away their past offences. But some learned men conceive that it was poured out as a libation, in token of joy, after they had fasted and confessed their sin, as they were wont to do in the feast of tabernacles. (See note on Nu. 29.35). 15317-900721-1216-1Sa7.7 15318-900721-1217-1Sa7.8 15319-900721-1218-1Sa7.9 15320-900721-1219-1Sa7.10 15321-900721-1221-1Sa7.11 This place was probably situated in the tribe of Dan. Josephus calls it (); the LXX. (); Targum, Beth-saron; Syriac and Arabic Beth-jasan; by which Houbigant supposes is meant Beth-shan. 15322-900721-1223-1Sa7.12 15323-900721-1224-1Sa7.13 15324-900721-1225-1Sa7.14 15325-900721-1226-1Sa7.15 15326-900721-1229-1Sa7.16 When he was at Bethel, the tribe of Ephraim and all the northern parts of the country could attend him; when at Gilgal, the tribe of Benjamin and those beyond Jordan could have easy access to hims; and when at Mizpeh, he was within the reach of Judah, Simeon, and Gad: but at Ramah was the place of his ordinary abode; and there he held his court, for there he judged Israel: and as it is probable that Shiloh was destroyed, it is said (ver. 17) that there, i.e, at Ramah, `he build an altar to the Lord.' 15327-900721-1230-1Sa7.17 15328-900721-1234-1Sa8.1 Israelites ask a king 6-9 Samuel praying in grief is comforted by God 10-18 He tells the manner of a king 19-22 God wills Samuel to yield unto the importunity of the people 15329-900721-1234-1Sa8.2 15330-900721-1236-1Sa8.3 15331-900721-1236-1Sa8.4 15332-900721-1237-1Sa8.5 15333-900721-1239-1Sa8.6 15334-900721-1240-1Sa8.7 15335-900721-1242-1Sa8.8 15336-900721-1243-1Sa8.9 tested against them, then thou shalt shew, etc. 15338-900721-1245-1Sa8.11 15339-900721-1245-1Sa8.12 15341-900721-1246-1Sa8.14 15342-900721-1247-1Sa8.15 15345-900721-1255-1Sa8.18 governors raised up by God, who had exacted no tribute of them , nor put them to any charge; but little content with this form of government, they desire to have a king like other nations, who should live in magnificence and pomp, keep armies, and be able to resist any invasion. Samuel informs them what it was they desired; that, when they understood it, they might consider whether they would persist in their choice. If they would have a king splendidly attended, he tells them that he would take their sons for his chariots, etc.: if they would have him keep up constant forces, then he would appoint then for colonels and captains, and employ those in his wars who were accustomed to follow their family business; and since, after the manner of other kings, he must keep a stately court, they must be content that their daughters should serve in several offices, which the king would think below the dignity of his wives and daughters (ver 13.) In one word, that, to sustain his dignity, their king would exact the tenth of all they possessed, and be maintained in a royal manner out of their estates.' 15346-900721-1255-1Sa8.19 15347-900721-1257-1Sa8.20 15348-900721-1257-1Sa8.21 15349-900721-1258-1Sa8.22 15350-900721-1302-1Sa9.1 6-10 by the counsel of his servant 11-14 and direction of young maidens 15-17 according to God's revelation 18 comes to Samuel 19-24 Samuel entertains Saul at the feast 25-27 Samuel, after secret communication, brings Saul on his way 15351-900721-1303-1Sa9.2 15352-900721-1303-1Sa9.3 15353-900721-1354-1Sa9.4 15354-900721-1355-1Sa9.5 15355-900721-1356-1Sa9.6 15356-900721-1405-1Sa9.7 We are not to suppose from this that the prophets took money to predict future events: Saul only refers to an invariable custom, that no man approached a superior without some present or another, however small in value. Dr. Pococle tells us of a present of fifty radishes! Other authors mention a flower, an orange, or similar trifles; and Mr., Bruce says, that one who wished to solicit a favour from him, presented him with a about a score of dates! `I mention this trifling circumstance,' say Mr. B. `to shew how essential to human and civil intercourse presents are considered to be in the East; whether it be dates, or whether it be diamonds, they are so much a part of their manners, that without them, an inferior will never be at peace in his own mind, or thing that he has hold of his superior for protection. But superiors give no presents to their inferiors.' Presents then are tokens of honour; not intended as offers of payment or enrichment. 15357-900721-1406-1Sa9.8 15358-900721-1406-1Sa9.9 15359-900721-1407-1Sa9.10 15360-900721-1408-1Sa9.11 15361-900721-1409-1Sa9.12 15362-900721-1410-1Sa9.13 15364-900721-1412-1Sa9.15 15365-900721-1413-1Sa9.16 15366-900721-1415-1Sa9.17 15368-900721-1420-1Sa9.19 The word roaih literally signifies one who sees; particularly preternatural sights. a seer and a prophet were the same in most cases; only with this difference, the seer was always a prophet, but the prophet was not always a seer. A seer seems to imply one who frequently met with and saw some symbolical representation of God. All prophets, true or false, profess to see God (see Nu 24.4,16 je 14.4) and diviners, in their enthusiastic flights, boasted that they had those things exhibited to their sight which should come to pass. 15369-900721-1422-1Sa9.20 15370-900721-1423-1Sa9.21 15371-900721-1423-1Sa9.22 15372-900721-1423-1Sa9.23 15373-900721-1425-1Sa9.24 Probably the shoulder was set before Saul, not because it was the best part, but because it was an emblem of the government to which he was now called (See is 9.6) le 7.32,33 eze 24.4 15374-900721-1426-1Sa9.25 15375-900721-1428-1Sa9.26 Saul had no doubt slept there all night, as is usual in the East; and now, being the break of day, `Samuel called to Saul on the top of the house:' there was no calling him to the top of the house a second time; he was sleeping there, and Samuel called him up. 15376-900721-1429-1Sa9.27 15377-900721-1433-1Sa10.1 2-8 He confirms him by prediction of three signs 9-13 Saul's heart is changed, and he prophesies 14-16 He conceals the matter of the kingdom from his uncle 17-25 Saul is chosen at Mizpeh by lot 26,27 The different affections of his subjects 15378-900721-1434-1Sa10.2 15379-900721-1436-1Sa10.3 15380-900721-1436-1Sa10.4 15381-900721-1439-1Sa10.5 15382-900721-1440-1Sa10.6 15383-900721-1442-1Sa10.7 shall find 15384-900721-1443-1Sa10.8 15385-900721-1459-1Sa10.9 The following history of Saul is given by the Afghans, a people generally supposed to be of Jewish origin: "In a war which raged between the children of Israel and the Amelikites, the latter being victorious, plundered the Jews, and obtained possession of the ark of the covenant. Considering this [as] the God of the Jews, they threw it into the fire, which did not affect it. They afterwards attempted to cleave it with axes, but without success: every individual who treated it with indignity, was punished for his temerity. They then placed it in their temple; but all their idols bowed to it. At length they fastened it upon a cow, which they turned loose in the wilderness. When the prophet Samuel arose, the children of Israel said to him, ` We have been totally subdued by the Amalekites, and have no king. Raise to us a king, that we may be enabled to contend for the glory of God.' Samuel said, `In case you are led out to battle, are you determined to fight?' They answered, `What has befallen us, that we should not fight against infidels. That nation has banished us from our country and children.' At this time the angel Gabriel descended, and delivering a wand, said, `It is the command of God, that the person whose stature shall correspond with this wand, shall be king of Israel. Melec Tdlut was at that time a man of inferior condition, and performed the humble employment of feeding the goats and cows of others. One day, a cow under his charge was accidentally lost. Being disappointed in his searches, he was greatly distressed, and applied to Samuel saying, `I have lost a cow, and I do not possess the means of satisfying the owner. Pray for me that I may be extricated from this difficulty.' Samuel perceiving that he was a man of lofty stature, asked his name. He answered, Talut. Samuel then then said, `Measure Talut with the wand which the angel Gabriel brought.' His stature was equal to it. Samuel then said, `God had raised Talut to be your king.' The children of Israel answered, `We are greater than our king. We are men of dignity, and he is of inferior condition. How shall he be our king?' Samuel informed them, they should know that God had constituted Talut king, by his restoring the ark of the covenant. He accordingly restored it, and they acknowledged him their sovereign." Asiatic Researches, voll ii. p. 119, et seq 15386-900721-1500-1Sa10.10 15387-900721-1501-1Sa10.11 15388-900721-1503-1Sa10.12 15390-900721-1504-1Sa10.14 15392-900721-1504-1Sa10.16 15393-900721-1505-1Sa10.17 15394-900721-1505-1Sa10.18 15395-900721-1506-1Sa10.19 15396-900721-1506-1Sa10.20 15398-900721-1507-1Sa10.22 15399-900721-1508-1Sa10.23 15400-900721-1508-1Sa10.24 15401-900721-1509-1Sa10.25 15402-900721-1510-1Sa10.26 15403-900721-1512-1Sa10.27 15404-900721-1535-1Sa11.1 4-11 They send messengers, and are delivered by Saul 12-15 Saul thereby is confirmed, and his kingdom renewed In the Vulgate this chapter begins thus: Et.factum est quasi post mensem, `And it came to pass about a month after;' which is also the reading of the principal copies of the Septuagint; and is also found in Josephus, though it appears to have little authority. 15405-900721-1536-1Sa11.2 15406-900721-1536-1Sa11.3 15407-900721-1538-1Sa11.4 15408-900721-1538-1Sa11.5 15409-900721-1539-1Sa11.6 15410-900721-1547-1Sa11.7 The sending the pieces of the oxen was an act similar to that of the Levite, ju 19.29, (see note). An eminent Scotch writer describes the rites, incantations, and imprecations used prior to the fiery cross being circulated, to summon the rough warriors of ancient times to the service of their chief; and he allude to this ancient custom, which in comparatively modern times, has been practiced in Scotland; and proves that a similar punishment of death, or destruction of their houses, for disobeying the summons, was inflicted by the ancient Scandinavians, as recorded by Olaus Magnus, in his History of the Goths. This bears a striking resemblence to the ancient custom of the Israelites. With the Highlanders, a goat was slain; with the Israelites, an ox. The exhibition of a cross, stained with the blood of the sacrificed animal, was the summons of the former, while part of the animal, was the mandate of the latter. Disobedience in one nation was punished with the death of themselves or oxen, and burning of their dwellings in the other. 15411-900721-1548-1Sa11.8 15412-900721-1549-1Sa11.9 15413-900721-1549-1Sa11.10 15414-900721-1550-1Sa11.11 15415-900721-1551-1Sa11.12 15416-900721-1551-1Sa11.13 15417-900721-1552-1Sa11.14 15418-900721-1554-1Sa11.15 15419-900721-1559-1Sa12.1 6-15 He reproves the people of ingratitude 16-19 He terrifies them with thunder in harvest time 20-25 he comforts them in God's mercy 15420-900721-1600-1Sa12.2 15421-900721-1603-1Sa12.3 15422-900721-1604-1Sa12.4 15423-900721-1605-1Sa12.5 15424-900721-1606-1Sa12.6 15425-900721-1607-1Sa12.7 15426-900721-1609-1Sa12.8 15427-900721-1610-1Sa12.9 15428-900721-1612-1Sa12.10 15429-900721-1616-1Sa12.11 Bedan, whose name occurs no where else as a judge of Israel, Bp. Patrick and others suppose to be a contraction of ben Dan, `the son of Dan;' by which they suppose Samson is meant, as the Targum reads. The LXx. Syriac, and Arabic, however, instead of Bedan read Barak; and the two latter versions, instead of Samuel have Samson. These readings are adopted by Houbigant, and appear to be genuine; for it is not probable that Samuel would enumerate himself. 15430-900721-1618-1Sa12.12 15431-900721-1618-1Sa12.13 15432-900721-1620-1Sa12.14 15433-900721-1620-1Sa12.15 15434-900721-1621-1Sa12.16 15435-900721-1627-1Sa12.17 In northern latitudes, thunder and rain are far from being un- common during harvest. But rain is hardly ever known in Palestine during that season, which commences about the end of June, or beginning of July. This fact is abundantly confirmed by modern travellers, and is demonstrative to every unprejudiced reader of the Holy Scriptures, that the thunder and the rain, which at Samuel's invocation, was sent at this season of the year, was a miraculous interposition of the power of God; for we read in ver. 16, it was a `great thing which the Lord will do.' Thus were the Israelites warned of their sin in having asked a king, and of the omnipotence of that God, whose gracious promises they virtually neglected by this act. 15436-900721-1628-1Sa12.18 15437-900721-1629-1Sa12.19 15438-900721-1630-1Sa12.20 15439-900721-1631-1Sa12.21 15440-900721-1635-1Sa12.22 15441-900721-1636-1Sa12.23 15442-900721-1638-1Sa12.24 15443-900721-1639-1Sa12.25 15444-900721-1645-1Sa13.1 3,4 He calls the Hebrews to Gilgal against the Philistines, whose garrison Jonathan had smitten 5 The Philistines' great host 6,7 The distress of the Israelites 8-10 Saul, weary of staying for Samuel, sacrifices 11-16 Samuel reproves him 17,18 The three spoiling bands of the Philistines 19-23 The policy of the Philistines, to suffer no smith in Israel verse is variously interpreted; but probably it only means, according to the Hebrew idiom, that, during the first year nothing remarkable occurred; but after two years, (or in the second year of his reign,) the subsequent events took place. 15445-900721-1647-1Sa13.2 Michmash was situated east of Bethaven, or Bethel; and Eusebius says it was in his time a considerable place, about nine miles from Jerusalem, towards Rama. 15446-900721-1651-1Sa13.3 15447-900721-2009-1Sa13.4 15448-900721-2013-1Sa13.5 The Philistines had no doubt collected troops in this emergency, from all the surrounding nation; but the number of chariots is immensely large beyond any example, and wholly disproportioned to the number of their cavalry. It is probable, therefore, that for sheloshim aileph, `thirty thousand,' we should read shelosh aileph, `three thousand,' with the Syriac and Arabic. 15449-900721-2014-1Sa13.6 15450-900721-2016-1Sa13.7 15451-900721-2016-1Sa13.8 15452-900721-2017-1Sa13.9 15453-900721-2018-1Sa13.10 15454-900721-2019-1Sa13.11 15455-900721-2020-1Sa13.12 15456-900721-2021-1Sa13.13 15457-900721-2023-1Sa13.14 15458-900721-2028-1Sa13.15 The LXX. have, `Samuel arose and went away from Gilgal, and the remainder of the people went up along with the men of war after Samuel from Gilgal to Gibeah of Benjamin.' This is probably the true reading; for it does not appear that Samuel went to Gibeah, which was Saul's usual residence; and the hebrew copyist, as Dr. Wall observes, seems to have missed a line, and added to the sentence concerning Samuel, that which ended the sentence concerning Saul. One MS. instead of Samuel, in the beginning of the sentence, reads Saul. 15459-900721-2029-1Sa13.16 15460-900721-2029-1Sa13.17 15461-900721-2030-1Sa13.18 15462-900721-2032-1Sa13.19 It is probable that the Philistines in the former wars had carried away all the smiths from Israel. 15464-900721-2033-1Sa13.21 15465-900721-2033-1Sa13.22 15466-900721-2035-1Sa13.23 15467-900721-2041-1Sa14.1 garrison 15,16 A divine terror makes them beat themselves 17-20 Saul, not staying the priest's answer, sets on them 21-23 The captivated Hebrews, and the hidden Israelites, join against them. 24-30 Saul's unadvised adjuration hinders the victory 31-34 He restrains the people from eating blood 35,36 He builds an altar 37-46 Jonathan, taken by lot, is save by the people 47-52 Saul's victories, strength, and family 15468-900721-2050-1Sa14.2 The word rimmon, in Arabic romman, whence the Portugese romaa, denotes the pomegranate, both tree and fruit; called by naturalists malus punica or malo-granatum. It is, according to the Linnean system, a genus of the icosandrai monogynia class of plants; and is a low tree, growing very common in Palestine, and other parts of the East. It has several small angular boughs, covered with a reddish-bark, and some of them armed with sharp thorns. They are garnished with small, narrow, spear-shaped leave, like those of the myrtle, but not so sharp, of a green colour, inclining to red. Its blossoms are large, beautiful, of an elegant red colour, inclining to purple, composed of several stalks resembling a rose, in the hollow of the cup: this cup is oblong, hard, purple, having a figure somewhat like that of a bell. It is chiefly valued for its fruit, which is exceedingly beautiful, of the form and size of a large apple, with a reddish rind, and red within; being full of small kernels, with red grains, replenished with a generous liquor, of which, Sir John Chardin informs us, they still make considerable quantities of wine in the East, particularly in Persia. But as the pomegranate tree, form its low growth, is but little adapted for pitching a tent under, it is probable that Rimmon here is the name of the rock mentioned in Ju 20.45 15469-900721-2052-1Sa14.3 15470-900721-2053-1Sa14.4 15471-900721-2053-1Sa14.5 15472-900721-2058-1Sa14.6 This action of Jonathan's was totally contrary to the laws of war; no military operation should be undertaken without the knowledge and command of the general. But it is highly probable, that this gallant man was led to undertake the hazardous enterprise by an immediate divine impulse; and by the same influence was kept from informing the soldiers, and even from consulting his father, who might have opposed his design. Where there is a promise of defense and support, the weakest, in the face of the strongest enemy, may rely upon it with the utmost confidence. 15473-900721-2059-1Sa14.7 15474-900721-2100-1Sa14.8 15475-900721-2100-1Sa14.9 15476-900721-2101-1Sa14.10 15477-900721-2102-1Sa14.11 15478-900721-2104-1Sa14.12 Meaning, that they would cause them to repent of their audacity. This was the favourable sign which Jonathan had requested. 15479-900721-2105-1Sa14.13 15480-900721-2112-1Sa14.14 original is obscure and variously understood; but it is probably a a proverbial expression for a small space. 15481-900721-2117-1Sa14.15 acknowledge him in all their ways, and seek unto him for direction with full purpose of heart. Sometimes we find most comfort in that which is least our own doing, and into which we have been led by the unexpected, but well observed, turns of Providence. 15482-900721-2118-1Sa14.16 15484-900721-2123-1Sa14.18 The Septuagint reads () `Bring hither the ephod; for he bore the ephod on that day before Israel:' which Houbigant and others think is the true reading. Finding that his son Jonathan and his armour-bearer were absent, Saul wished to consult the high- priest; but the tumult increasing, he says to him, `Withdraw thine hand: ' i.e, desist form consulting the ephod on this occasiona, and immediately hastened to make the best use he could of this astonishing victory. 15485-900721-2123-1Sa14.19 15486-900721-2125-1Sa14.20 15487-900721-2127-1Sa14.21 Probably such as they held in bondage, not who were their servants. Instead of (), `the Hebrews,' the LXX. evidently read (), for they have (), `the slaves;' but this reading is not countenanced by any another version, nor by any MS. 15488-900721-2129-1Sa14.22 The LXX. and Vulgate add here, () `And [all the people who were, LXX.] there were with Saul about ten thousand men; but this is supported by no other authority. 15489-900721-2130-1Sa14.23 15490-900721-2131-1Sa14.24 15491-900721-2133-1Sa14.25 This was wild honey, which to this day abounds in Judea; and bursting from the comb, runs down the hollow trees, rocks, etc. 15492-900721-2134-1Sa14.26 15493-900721-2135-1Sa14.27 15494-900721-2135-1Sa14.28 15495-900721-2137-1Sa14.29 It is well known, that hunger and fatigue produce faintness and dim the sight; and on taking a little food, this affection is immediately removed. 15496-900721-2138-1Sa14.30 15497-900721-2138-1Sa14.31 The distance, Calmet states to be three or four leagues 15498-900721-2142-1Sa14.32 being now faint through hunger and fatigue, they flew upon the cattle, and not taking time to bleed them properly, they eagerly devoured the flesh with the blood, directly contrary to the law- - another bad effect of Saul's rash adjuration. 15499-900721-2143-1Sa14.33 15500-900721-2144-1Sa14.34 15501-900721-2147-1Sa14.35 It is probable that Saul converted the great stone, on which the cattle had been slaughtered, into an altar, on which sacrifices were offered, before the people attempted to proceed any further. This we are told was the first he had built. Samuel, as a prophet and priest, had hitherto erected the altars, but Saul seems to have thought he had sufficient authority to erect one himself, without the prophet, as he had once offered sacrifice without him. 15502-900721-2152-1Sa14.36 it is evident that Ahiah, who had before been interrupted by Saul's impatience, doubted of the propriety of pursuing the Philistines that night, and properly counselled them to enquire of the Lord. 15503-900721-2155-1Sa14.37 15504-900721-2156-1Sa14.38 15505-900721-2156-1Sa14.39 15506-900721-2157-1Sa14.40 15507-900721-2203-1Sa14.41 Both the Septuagint and Vulgate add much to this verse: `And Saul said [to the Lord God of Israel Vulg.] [give a sign Vulg.] Why is it that thou has not answered thy servant today? If the iniquity be in me, or in my son Jonathan, [O Lord God of Israel, LXX.] make it manifest; and if thou say thus, give to thy people Israel, give mercy,' etc. [but Vulg. Or, if this iniquity be in thy people, give sanctification,' etc.] 15509-900721-2203-1Sa14.43 15510-900721-2204-1Sa14.44 15511-900721-2207-1Sa14.45 The people judged rightly, that the guilt was contracted by Saul, and not by Jonathan; and therefore they rescued him from the hands of his rash and severe father. 15513-900721-2208-1Sa14.47 15514-900721-2209-1Sa14.48 15515-900721-2211-1Sa14.49 15516-900721-2211-1Sa14.50 15517-900721-2212-1Sa14.51 15518-900721-2213-1Sa14.52 15519-900721-2217-1Sa15.1 6 Saul favors the Kenites 7-9 He spares Agag and the best of the spoil 10-23 Samuel denounces unto Saul God's rejection of him for his disobedience 24-31 Saul's humiliation 32,33 Samuel kills Agag 34,35 Samuel and Saul part 15520-900721-2219-1Sa15.2 15521-900721-2224-1Sa15.3 The Amalekites, a people of Arabia Petraea, who inhabited a tract of country on the frontiers of Egypt and Canaan, had acted with great cruelty towards the Israelites on their coming out of Egypt, and God then purposed that Amalek, as a nation, should be blotted out from under heaven; but it had been spared till it had filled up the measure of its iniquities, and now this purpose is carried into effect by Saul, upwards of 400 years afterwards! Nothing could justify such an exterminating decree but the absolute authority of God; and this was given: all the reasons of it we do not know; but this we know well, the Judge of all the earth doeth right. 15522-900722-0747-1Sa15.4 15523-900722-0748-1Sa15.5 15524-900722-0750-1Sa15.6 15525-900722-0753-1Sa15.7 This Havilah was probably situated in Arabia, and the district of Chaulon may mark the spot. It seems different from that different from that encompassed by the river Pison, one of the rivers of Eden. 15526-900722-0754-1Sa15.8 15527-900722-0755-1Sa15.9 15529-900722-0759-1Sa15.11 15530-900722-0806-1Sa15.12 literally as the LXX. render (), `a hand'; probably because the trophy or monument of victory was in the shape of a large hand, the emblem of power, erected on a pillar. These memorial pillars were anciently much in use; and the figure of a hand, by its emblematical meaning, was well adapted to preserve the remembrance of a victory. Niebuhr, speaking of the Mesjed Ali, or Mosque of Ali, says that, `at the top of the dome, where one generally sees on the Turkish mosques a crescent, or only a pole, there is here a hand stretched out, to represent that of Ali.' Another writer informs us, that at the Alhamra, or red palace of the Moorish kings in Grenada, `on the key-stone of the outward arch [of the present principal entrance] is sculptured the figure of an arm, the symbol of strength and dominion.' 15531-900722-0807-1Sa15.13 15532-900722-0808-1Sa15.14 15533-900722-0809-1Sa15.15 15534-900722-0810-1Sa15.16 15535-900722-0811-1Sa15.17 15536-900722-0812-1Sa15.18 15537-900722-0813-1Sa15.19 15538-900722-0814-1Sa15.20 15539-900722-0814-1Sa15.21 15540-900722-0817-1Sa15.22 15541-900722-0819-1Sa15.23 15542-900722-0821-1Sa15.24 15543-900722-0822-1Sa15.25 15544-900722-0823-1Sa15.26 15546-900722-0825-1Sa15.28 15547-900722-0826-1Sa15.29 15548-900722-0827-1Sa15.30 15550-900722-0828-1Sa15.32 15551-900722-0833-1Sa15.33 It has been a matter of wonder to many, how Samuel could thus slay a captive prince, even in the presence of Saul, who from motives of clemency had spared him; but it should be remarked, that what Samuel did here, he did in his magisterial capacity; and that Agag had been a cruel tyrant, and therefore was cut off for his merciless cruelties. Farther, it is not likely that he did it by his own sword, but by that of the executioner. What kings, magistrates, and generals do, in an official way, by their subjects, servants, or soldiers, they are said to do themselves: qui facit per alterum facit per se. 15552-900722-0834-1Sa15.34 15553-900722-0835-1Sa15.35 15554-900722-0841-1Sa16.1 Beth-lehem 6-10 His human judgment is reproved 11-14 He anoints David 15-23 Saul sends for David to quiet his evil spirit 15555-900722-0846-1Sa16.2 For the prudent management of the affair, and to avoid suspicion, Samuel was directed to go to Bethlehem to sacrifice, as he probably did from time to time in many different places; and the answer which he was instructed to return was strictly true though he did not tell the principal design of his coming; for though no man in any circumstances should tell a lie, yet, in all circumstances, he is not bound to tell the whole truth, though he must tell nothing but the truth, as so tell that truth that the hearer shall not believe a lie by it. 15556-900722-0847-1Sa16.3 15557-900722-0848-1Sa16.4 15558-900722-0849-1Sa16.5 15559-900722-0850-1Sa16.6 15560-900722-0858-1Sa16.7 15561-900722-0859-1Sa16.8 15562-900722-0859-1Sa16.9 15563-900722-0900-1Sa16.10 15564-900722-0901-1Sa16.11 15565-900722-0902-1Sa16.12 15566-900722-0903-1Sa16.13 15567-900722-0909-1Sa16.14 The evil spirit was either sent immediately from the Lord, or per- mitted to come; but whether this was a diabolic possession, or a mere mental malady, is not agreed: it seems to have partaken of both. That Saul had fallen into a deep melancholy, there is little doubt; and that an evil spirit might work more effectually on such a state of mind, there can be little question. His malady appears to have been of a mixed kind, natural and diabolical: there is too much of an apparent nature in it to permit us to believe it was all spiritual; and there is too much of apparently supernatural influence, to suffer us to believe it was all natural. 15569-900722-0910-1Sa16.16 15571-900722-0912-1Sa16.18 15572-900722-0913-1Sa16.19 15573-900722-0915-1Sa16.20 rendered by the LXX. (), a gomor of bread; meaning, probably, not an animal, but a vessel containing a certain measure of bread. 15574-900722-0916-1Sa16.21 15576-900722-0917-1Sa16.23 15577-900722-0922-1Sa17.1 battle 4-11 Goliath challenges a combat 12-27 David, sent by his father to visit his brethren, takes the challenge 28,29 Eliab chides him 30,31 He is brought to Saul 32-37 shews the reason of his confidence 38-54 and slays the giant 55-58 Saul takes notice of David 15578-900722-0923-1Sa17.2 15580-900722-0931-1Sa17.4 According to Bp. Cumberland's calculation, the height of Goliath was about eleven feet ten inches; but Parkhurst estimating the ordinary cubit at seventeen inches and a half, calculates that he was nine feet six inches high. Few instances can be produced of men who can be compared with him. Pliny says, `The tallest man that hath been seen in our days was one name Gabara, who, in the days of Claudius, the late Emperor, was brought out of Arabia: he was nine feet nine inches.' Josephus mentions a Jew, named Eleazar, whom Vitellius sent to Rome, who was seven cubits, or ten feet two inches high. Becanaus saw a man near ten feet, and a woman that was a full ten feet. And, to mention no more, a man of the name of John Middleton, born at Hale, near Warrington, in Lancashire, in the reign of James the First, was more than nine feet high. Dr. Plott, in his history of Staffordshire, says, that `his hand, from the carpus to the end of the middle finger, was seventeen inches, his palms eight inches and a half broad, and his whole height was nine feet three inches; wanting but six inches of the height of Goliath of Gath.' 15581-900722-0932-1Sa17.5 15582-900722-0932-1Sa17.6 15583-900722-0933-1Sa17.7 15584-900722-0933-1Sa17.8 15585-900722-0934-1Sa17.9 15586-900722-0935-1Sa17.10 15587-900722-0935-1Sa17.11 15588-900722-0937-1Sa17.12 15589-900722-0938-1Sa17.13 15590-900722-0938-1Sa17.14 15591-900722-0938-1Sa17.15 15592-900722-0939-1Sa17.16 15593-900722-0940-1Sa17.17 15594-900722-0941-1Sa17.18 15595-900722-0948-1Sa17.19 Dr. Richardson says, that in about twenty minutes, in an easterly direction, form the cave of St. John, (which is about two hours or six miles, in a westerly direction, from Jerusalem,) they came to the valley of Elah; which position seems to agree with that of Shochoh and Azekah. He describes it as `a small valley, and the place of the encampment is pointed out where it narrows into a broad, deep ravine; part of it was in crop, and part of it was under the plough, which was drawn by a couple of oxen. A small stream, which had shrunk almost under its stony bed, passes through it from east to west, from which we are informed that David chose out five smooth stones, and hasted and ran to meet the haughty champion of Gath. A well of water under the bank, with a few olive trees above, on the north side of the valley, are said to mark the spot of the shepherd's triumph over his boasting antagonist. Saul and his men probably occupied the side of the valley which is nearest to Jerusalem, on which the ground is higher and more rugged than on the other side.' 15596-900722-1414-1Sa17.20 15598-900722-1415-1Sa17.22 15599-900722-1416-1Sa17.23 15600-900722-1416-1Sa17.24 15601-900722-1418-1Sa17.25 15602-900722-1419-1Sa17.26 15603-900722-1420-1Sa17.27 15604-900722-1422-1Sa17.28 15605-900722-1422-1Sa17.29 15606-900722-1423-1Sa17.30 15607-900722-1431-1Sa17.31 the 41st, and from the 54th to the end of this chapter, with the five first verses and the 9th, 10th, 11th, 17th, 18th, and 19th, of ch. 18, are all wanting in the Vatican copy of the LXX.; and they are supposed by Dr. Kennicott, and others, to be an interpolation. But, as Bp. Horsley observes, it appears, from many circumstances of the story, that David's combat with Goliath was many years prior to Saul's maddness, and David's introduction to him as a musician. In the first place, David was quite a youth when engaged with Goliath, (ver. 33, 42:) when introduced to Saul he was of full age, (ch 16.18) Again, this combat was his first appearance in public life, and first military exploit, (ver. 36, 38,39) when introduced as a musician, he was man of established character, and a man of war (ch. 16.18). Now the just conclusion is, that the last ten verses of chapter 16 have been misplaced; their true place being between the ninth and tenth verses of ch. 18. Let them be removed there, and the whole apparent disorder will be removed. 15608-900722-1432-1Sa17.32 15609-900722-1433-1Sa17.33 15610-900722-1433-1Sa17.34 15611-900722-1434-1Sa17.35 15612-900722-1436-1Sa17.36 15613-900722-1438-1Sa17.37 15614-900722-1438-1Sa17.38 15615-900722-1439-1Sa17.39 15616-900722-1440-1Sa17.40 15618-900722-1443-1Sa17.42 15619-900722-1444-1Sa17.43 15620-900722-1447-1Sa17.44 Parallel instances of vaunting occur in some writers of a more recent date:- -The conspirators against the emperor Maximinus having slain him, his son, and several of his best friends, threw out their bodies to be devoured by dogs and the fowls of the air. This custom appears to have been frequently threatened; and however shocking to human feelings, was often carried into effect. 15621-900722-1449-1Sa17.45 15622-900722-1452-1Sa17.46 15623-900722-1453-1Sa17.47 15624-900722-1453-1Sa17.48 15625-900722-1454-1Sa17.49 15626-900722-1503-1Sa17.50 The tradition of the combat between David and Goliath, in which the latter was killed, is preserved among the Arabs; for he is mentioned in the Koran, where he is called Galut or Jalut. The Arabs also call the dynasty of the Philistine kings, who reigned in palestine when the Hebrews came there, Galutiah, or Jalutiah. Achmed Al Fassi say, `Those kings were as well known by the name of Jalaut, as the ancient kings of Egypt by that of Pharaoh. David killed the Jalaut who reigned in his time, and entirely rooted out the Philistines, the rest of whom fled into Africa, and from them descended the Brebers or Berbers, who inhabit the coast of Barbary.' It is remarkable that the Berbers themselves should acknowledge their descent from the Philistines. "The name Goliath, which they pronounce Sqhia-lud, is very common among the Brebers, and the history of the champion of the Philistines is very well known to the Moors. When children quarrel, and the bigger one challenges the smaller to fight the latter answers, `Who will fight with you? (Enta men ulid Sgialud.) You are of the race of Golaith.' The Jews who dwell among them, on the mountains, all call them Philistines." 15627-900722-1504-1Sa17.51 15628-900722-1505-1Sa17.52 15629-900722-1505-1Sa17.53 15630-900722-1506-1Sa17.54 15631-900722-1506-1Sa17.55 15633-900722-1507-1Sa17.57 15634-900722-1508-1Sa17.58 To account for the apparent inconsistency of Saul not knowing David, see the Note at the end of verse 31. 15635-900722-1519-1Sa18.1 5-9 Saul envies his praise 10,11 seeks to kill him in his fury 12-16 fears him for his good success 17-21 offers him his daughters for snare 23-27 David persuaded to be the king's son-in-law, gives two hundred foreskins of the Philistines for Michal's dowry 28-30 Saul's hatred and David's glory increase The modesty, piety, and courage of David were so congenial to the character of the amiable Jonathan, they they attracted his most cordial esteem and affection; so that the most intimate friend- ship subsisted between them from that time, and they loved each other with pure hearts fervently. Their friendship could not be affected by the common vicissitudes of life; and it exemplifies by fact what the ancients have written on the subject; (), `Friendship is an entire sameness, and one soul: a friend is another self.' 15636-900722-1520-1Sa18.2 15637-900722-1521-1Sa18.3 15638-900722-1522-1Sa18.4 Presents of clothes or rich robes, as tokens of respect or friend- ship, are frequent in the East. 15639-900722-1523-1Sa18.5 15640-900722-1527-1Sa18.6 nal shalishim, is rendered by the Vulgate sistris. The sistrum was an ancient Egyptian instrument made of brass, with three, and sometimes more brass rods across; which, being loose in their holes, made a jingling noise when shaken. 15641-900722-1527-1Sa18.7 15642-900722-1529-1Sa18.8 15643-900722-1529-1Sa18.9 15644-900722-1536-1Sa18.10 prophesy; for the verb is in Hithpael, the signification of which conjugation is not only reflex action, but also affectation of the action: feigned to be prophesying, the better to conceal his murderous intentions, and to render David unsuspicious. Wehachanith beyad Shaool, rather, `and the javelin was in the hand of Saul;' for the javelin or spear was the emblem of regal authority; and kings had it always in their hand, as may be seen represented on ancient instruments. In ancient times, says Justin, kings used a spear instead of a sceptre. 15645-900722-1537-1Sa18.11 15646-900722-1540-1Sa18.12 15647-900722-1543-1Sa18.13 perceived, with evident sorrow of heart, that the Lord had given David peculiar wisdom, and that he was with him to prosper all his undertakings. This increased the disquietude of his malevolent mind, and his dread of David as a prevailing rival: he therefore removed him from his presence. This impolitic step, however, served the more to ingratiate David with the people, by affording him the opportunity of leading them forth to victory over their enemies. 15648-900722-1545-1Sa18.14 15649-900722-1546-1Sa18.15 15650-900722-1546-1Sa18.16 15651-900722-1549-1Sa18.17 15652-900722-1550-1Sa18.18 15653-900722-1551-1Sa18.19 15654-900722-1553-1Sa18.20 15655-900722-1555-1Sa18.21 15656-900722-1555-1Sa18.22 15657-900722-1556-1Sa18.23 15658-900722-1557-1Sa18.24 15659-900722-1600-1Sa18.25 That is, Thou shalt slay one hundred Philistines, and thou shalt produce their foreskins as a proof, not only that thou hast killed one hundred men, but that these are of the uncircumcised Philistines. 15660-900722-1601-1Sa18.26 15661-900722-1604-1Sa18.27 The Septuagint has only (), one hundred men; and as Saul covenanted for a hundred, as David himself says (2Sa 3.14) that he espoused Michal for a hundred, it is very probable that this is the true reading. 15662-900722-1605-1Sa18.28 15663-900722-1606-1Sa18.29 15664-900722-1608-1Sa18.30 Of this war we know no more than that David, whose military skill was greater, was more successful in it, than all the other officers of Saul. 15666-900724-1952-1Sa19.2 15667-900724-1953-1Sa19.3 15668-900724-1954-1Sa19.4 15669-900724-1957-1Sa19.5 15670-900724-2020-1Sa19.6 15671-900724-2021-1Sa19.7 15672-900724-2021-1Sa19.8 15673-900724-2022-1Sa19.9 15674-900724-2024-1Sa19.10 15675-900724-2024-1Sa19.11 15676-900724-2025-1Sa19.12 15677-900724-2030-1Sa19.13 Teraphim's) pillow;' for the kevir, (whence the Cahldee and Syriac kavreetho, a honey-comb, form its net-like form), seems to have been a kind of mosquito-net, which, says Dr. Shaw, is `a close curtain of gauze, used all over the East, by people of fashion, to keep out the flies.' That they had such anciently cannot be doubted. Thus when Judith had beheaded Holofernes in his bed, (ch 13.9,15) `she pulled down the canopy (or the mosquito net, (), from (), a gnat, or mosquito, whence or word canopy) wherein he did lie in his drukenness, from the pillars. 15678-900724-2030-1Sa19.14 15679-900724-2032-1Sa19.15 The eastern beds consist merely of two thick cotton quilts, one of which, folded double, serves as a matress, the other as a covering. Such seems to have been the bed of David, which could easily have been carried, with himelf in it, to the presence of Saul. 15680-900724-2036-1Sa19.16 It is highly probable that David, when supposed to be sick, was thought to be hid in the harem or chamber of Michal. `The harems,' says De La Motraye, `are sanctuaries, as sacred and inviolable, for persons pursed by justice for any crime, debt, etc. as the Roman Catholic churches in Italy, Spain, Portugal, etc.' Thus we find, that to effect his purpose, Saul sent messengers to Michal, but they treated her harem with too much respect to enter it at first; but being authorised by Saul, they entered even into her chamber; and during the delay occasioned by respect for the privacy of Michal, David escaped. 15681-900724-2037-1Sa19.17 15682-900724-2038-1Sa19.18 15683-900724-2038-1Sa19.19 15684-900724-2040-1Sa19.20 15685-900724-2040-1Sa19.21 15687-900724-2041-1Sa19.23 15688-900724-2042-1Sa19.24 15689-900724-2045-1Sa20.1 11-17 Jonathan and David renew their covenant by oath 18-23 Jonathan's token to David 23-24 Saul, missing David, seeks to kill Jonathan 35-42 Jonathan affectionately takes his leave of David 15690-900724-2046-1Sa20.2 15691-900724-2048-1Sa20.3 15692-900724-2049-1Sa20.4 15693-900724-2053-1Sa20.5 The months of the Hebrew were lunar months, and they reckoned from one new moon to another: and, as their feasts, particularly the passover, were reckoned according to this, they were very scrupulous in observing the first appearance of each new moon. On these new moons, they offered sacrifices, and feasted together: but the gathering together of all the families of a tribe on such occasions seems to have taken place only once in the year. 15694-900724-2054-1Sa20.6 15695-900724-2054-1Sa20.7 15696-900724-2056-1Sa20.8 15697-900724-2056-1Sa20.9 15698-900724-2057-1Sa20.10 15700-900724-2102-1Sa20.12 This verse is evidently deficient. The LXX. had (), `The Lord God of Israel doth know;' the Syraic and Arabic, `The Lord God of Israel is witness;' either of which makes good sense. But two of Dr. Kennicott's MSS supply the word chai, `liveth;' and the text reads thus: `As the Lord God of Israel liveth, when I have sounded my father, --if there be good unto David, and I then send not unto thee,' etc.; which is a still better sense. 15701-900724-2105-1Sa20.13 15702-900724-2105-1Sa20.14 15703-900724-2105-1Sa20.15 15704-900724-2106-1Sa20.16 15705-900724-2107-1Sa20.17 15706-900724-2113-1Sa20.18 Among the terms of salutation and compliment used in Persia, one was, `according to my mode of notation in italics, (), signifying, Thy place or seat was empty among thy friends. This phrase, or the greater part of it, was frequently addressed to myself when coming into a circle of Persian acquaitances, after an absence of several days or weeks. It reminded me of a passage in the First book of Samuel, (ch 20.18) And thou shalt be missed, because thy seat will be empty. And again, David's place was empty.' Sir W. Ouseley's Travels, vol i. preface, p.16 15707-900724-2114-1Sa20.19 15709-900724-2114-1Sa20.21 15711-900724-2115-1Sa20.23 15712-900724-2116-1Sa20.24 15713-900724-2116-1Sa20.25 15714-900724-2117-1Sa20.26 15715-900724-2118-1Sa20.27 15716-900724-2118-1Sa20.28 15717-900724-2119-1Sa20.29 15718-900724-2125-1Sa20.30 rebellion. This reflection on the mother of Jonathan, by the passionate monarch, reflects more dishonour on himself than on his brave and noble-minded son. Mungo Park gives an instance of the prevalence of the same principles in Africa; for he says, "Maternal affection is every where conspicuous among the Africans, and creates a correspondent return of tenderness in the child. `Strike me,' said the attendant, `but do not curse my mother.' I found the same sentiment to prevail universally in all parts of Africa." King Saul, unable to villify Jonathan to his own satisfaction by personal reproaches, outstepped the ordinary abuse of his day, and proceeded to that which was designed to produce unusual vexation, and vented the bitterness of his mind by maligning the character of his own wife and Jonathan's mother. 15719-900724-2127-1Sa20.31 15720-900724-2128-1Sa20.32 15722-900724-2129-1Sa20.34 15723-900724-2129-1Sa20.35 15724-900724-2130-1Sa20.36 15726-900724-2131-1Sa20.38 15728-900724-2133-1Sa20.40 Rather weapons, as the word kelim also denotes; and here means the bow, quiver, and arrows. This is probably the only place in our language in which the word artillery is not applied to cannon or ordance, but simply to weapons of war. 15729-900724-2134-1Sa20.41 15730-900724-2140-1Sa20.42 to them both, but David's case was the more deplorable: for when Jonathan was returning to his family and friends, David was leaving all his comforts, even those of God's sanctuary, and therefore his grief exceeded Jonathan's; or, perhaps it was because his temper was more tender and his passions stronger. They referred each other to the covenant of friendship that was between them, both of them being comforted thereby in this very mournful separation:--`We have sworn both of us in the name of the Lord, for ourselves and our heirs, that we and they will be faithful and kind to each other from generation to generation.' 15731-900724-2146-1Sa21.1 7 Doeg is present 8,9 David takes Goliath's sword 10-15 David at Gath feigns himself mad Nob appears to have been a sacredotal city of Benjamin or Ephraim. Jerome says, that in his time the ruins of it maight be seen not far from Diospolis or Lydda. But the Rabbins assert that Jerusalem might be seen from this twon. The tabernacle resided some time at Nob; and after it was destroyed, it was removed to Gibeon; `and the day of Nob and Gibeon were fifty-seven years.' Maimonides in Bethhabbechirah, c.1 15732-900724-2149-1Sa21.2 The whole of this is a gross falsehood; and which was attended with the most fatal consequences. It is well known that from all antiquity it was held no crime to tell a lie in order to save life. Thus Diphilon () `I hold it right to tell a lie for safety: nothing should be avoided to save life.' A heathen may say or sing thus: but no Christian can act thus and save his soul, though he may save his life. 15733-900724-2150-1Sa21.3 15734-900724-2151-1Sa21.4 15735-900724-2153-1Sa21.5 especially when this day there is other sanctified in the vessel. 15736-900724-2153-1Sa21.6 15737-900724-2155-1Sa21.7 15739-900724-2156-1Sa21.9 15740-900724-2202-1Sa21.10 Jerome says there was a large town called Gath, in the way from Eleutheropolis, towards Lydda (and consequently different from that mentioned by Jerome;) and also of another Gath, between Jamnia and Antipatris. It appears to have been the extreme boundary of the Philistine territory in one direction, as Ekron was on the other, (ch. 7.14; 17.52,) and lay near Mareshah, (2ch 11.8 mi 1.14,) which agrees pretty well with the position assigned it by Jerome. But Reland and Dr. Wells agree with Eusebius; and the authors of the Universal History (b. i. c.7) place it about six miles form Jamnia, fourteen south of Joppa, and thirty-two west of Jerusalem. 15741-900724-2202-1Sa21.11 15742-900724-2203-1Sa21.12 15743-900724-2204-1Sa21.13 15744-900724-2204-1Sa21.14 15746-900725-2206-1Sa22.1 3,4 At Mizpeh he commends his parents unto the king of Moab 5 Admonished by Gad, he comes to Hareth, 6-8 Saul going to pursue him, complains of his servants' unfaithfulness 9,10 Doeg accuses Ahmelech 11-16 Saul commands to kill the priests 17-19 The footmen refusing, Doeg executes it 20-23 Abiathar escaping, brings Davids the news Adullam was a city of Judah; and, according to Eusebius, ten miles (Jerome says eleven) eastward from Eleutheropolis. 15747-900725-2208-1Sa22.2 15748-900725-2210-1Sa22.3 15749-900725-2211-1Sa22.4 15751-900725-2212-1Sa22.6 15752-900725-2213-1Sa22.7 15753-900725-2214-1Sa22.8 15754-900725-2218-1Sa22.9 belonged to Saul;' and the Septuagint intimates that he was over the mules of Saul. He may have been what we call the king's equerry or groom. 15755-900725-2219-1Sa22.10 15756-900725-2219-1Sa22.11 15757-900725-2220-1Sa22.12 15758-900725-2221-1Sa22.13 15759-900725-2225-1Sa22.14 15760-900725-2227-1Sa22.15 He seems to intimate, that his enquiring now for David was no new thing, having often done so before, without ever being informed it was wrong in itself or displeasing to the king. 15761-900725-2228-1Sa22.16 15762-900725-2230-1Sa22.17 15763-900725-2233-1Sa22.18 The LXX. read, (), `three hundred and eighty-five men.' Probably the eighty five were priests and the three hundred the families of the priests; three hundred and eighty-five being the whole population of Nob. 15764-900725-2235-1Sa22.19 This is one of the worst acts of Saul's life: his malice was implacable, and his wrath cruel; and there is no motive of justice or policy by which such a barbarous massacre can be justified. 15765-900725-2236-1Sa22.20 15767-900725-2237-1Sa22.22 15768-900725-2238-1Sa22.23 15769-900725-2243-1Sa23.1 7-13 God shewing heim the coming of Saul, and the treachery of the Keilites, he escapes from Keilah 14-18 In Ziph Jonathan comes and comforts him 19-24 The Ziphites discover him to Saul 25-28 At Maon he is rescued from Saul by the invasion of the Philistines 29 He dwells at En-gedi Keilah was a city of Judah, situated, according to Eusebius, eight miles from Eleutheropolis, towards Hebron. Sozomen says that the prophet Habakkuk's tomb was shew there 15770-900725-2251-1Sa23.2 In what way David made this enquiry we are not told; but it was probably by means of Abiathar; and therefore it would seem, that with Houbigant, we should read the sixth vrse immediately after the first.-- This adventure was truly noble and patriotic. Had not David loved his country, and been above all motives of private and personal revenge, he would have rejoiced in this invasion of Judea, as producing a strong diversion in his favour, and embroiling his invterate enemy. In most cases, a man with David's wrongs would have joined with the enemies of his country, and avenged himslef on the author of his calamities; but he thinks of nothing but succouring Keilah, and using his power and influence in behalf of his brethren. 15771-900725-2252-1Sa23.3 15772-900725-2252-1Sa23.4 15774-900726-2102-1Sa23.6 15775-900726-2104-1Sa23.7 15776-900726-2105-1Sa23.8 15778-900726-2111-1Sa23.10 15779-900726-2111-1Sa23.11 15780-900726-2112-1Sa23.12 15781-900726-2113-1Sa23.13 15782-900726-2116-1Sa23.14 seems to have been situated; and as we have mention of Carmel and Maon in the history of David, as adjoining to Ziph, it cannot be doubted that by the Ziph, in the wilderness of which David now lay, and where was the hill of Hachilah, is to be understood Ziph near Carmel and Maon. 15783-900726-2117-1Sa23.15 15784-900726-2119-1Sa23.16 15785-900726-2125-1Sa23.17 15786-900726-2125-1Sa23.18 15787-900726-2129-1Sa23.19 Calmet states, that Hachilah was a mountain about ten miles south of Jerich, where Jonathan Maccabaeus built the castle of Massada, west of the Dead Sea, and not far from En-gedi. Eusebius places Jeshimon ten miles south of Jericho, near the Dead Sea; which agrees extremely well with the position of Hachilah, as stated by Calmet. 15788-900726-2131-1Sa23.20 15789-900726-2131-1Sa23.21 15790-900726-2131-1Sa23.22 15791-900726-2132-1Sa23.23 15792-900726-2136-1Sa23.24 Maon, from which the adjoining mountainous district derived its name, was city in the most southern parts of the tribe of Judah, and a neighboring town to Carmel. Hence Nabal (ch 25.2) is described as a man of Maon, whose possessions were in Carmel; and though he might dwell generally in Maon, yet he is styled Nabal the Carmelite, form the place where his estate lay. Calmet supposes it to be the city Minois, which Eusebius places in the vicinity of Gaza; and the Moenoemi Castrum, which the Theodosian code places neat Beersheba. 15793-900726-2137-1Sa23.25 15794-900726-2138-1Sa23.26 15795-900726-2140-1Sa23.27 15796-900726-2142-1Sa23.28 the Targum, `the heart of the king was divided to go hither and thither.' Here Saul was obliged to separate himself from David, in order to go and oppose the invading Philistines; which deliverance of David was of such a nature as made the Divine interpoisiton fully visible. 15797-900726-2146-1Sa23.29 Sea, is reported by travellers to be a mountainous territory, filled with caverns' and consequently, proper for David in his present circumstances. Dr. Lightfoot thinks this was the wilderness of Judah, in which David was when he penned the 63rd Psalm, which breathes as much pious and devout affection as almost any of his Psalms; for in all places and in all conditions he still kept up his communion with God.- -If Christians knew their privileges better, and acted theretho, there would be less murmuring at the dark dispensations of Divine Providence. 15798-900726-2148-1Sa24.1 spares his life 8-15 He shews thereby his innocency, 16-22 Saul, acknowledging his fault, takes an oath of David, and departs. 15799-900726-2149-1Sa24.2 15800-900726-2156-1Sa24.3 Caves in the rocks, in which it is still common for shepherds and their flocks to lodge. Dr. Pococke observes, `Beyond the valley [of Tekoa,] there is a very large grotto. which the Arabs call El- Maamah, a hiding place: the high rocks on each side of the valley are almost perpendicular; and the way to the grotto is by a terrace formed in the rock, which is very narrow. There are two entrances into it; we went by the fathest, which leads by a narrow passage into a very large grotto, the rock being supported by natural pillars; the top of it rises in several places like domes; the grotto is perfectly dry. There is a tradition, that the people of the country, to the number of 30,000, retired into this grotto, to avoid a bad air. This place is so strong, that one would imagine it to be one of the strong holds of En-gedi, to which David and his men fled from Saul: and possibly it may be that very cave in which he cut off Saul's skirt; for David and his men might, with good ease, lie hid there and not be seen by him. ' 15801-900726-2157-1Sa24.4 15802-900726-2157-1Sa24.5 15803-900726-2158-1Sa24.6 15804-900726-2159-1Sa24.7 15805-900726-2200-1Sa24.8 15806-900726-2201-1Sa24.9 15807-900726-2201-1Sa24.10 15808-900726-2203-1Sa24.11 15809-900726-2205-1Sa24.12 15810-900726-2205-1Sa24.13 15811-900726-2206-1Sa24.14 15812-900726-2207-1Sa24.15 15813-900726-2208-1Sa24.16 15814-900726-2209-1Sa24.17 15815-900726-2210-1Sa24.18 15816-900726-2210-1Sa24.19 15817-900726-2211-1Sa24.20 15818-900726-2212-1Sa24.21 15819-900726-2212-1Sa24.22 15820-900727-2054-1Sa25.1 2-9 David in Paran sends to Nabal 10-13 Provoked by Nabal's churlishness, he minds to destroy him 14-17 Abigail understanding thereof 18-22 takes a present 23-31 and by her wisdom 32-35 pacifies David 36-38 Nabal hearing thereof, dies 39-43 David takes Abigail and Ahinoam to be his wives 44 Michal is given to Phalti 15821-900727-2101-1Sa25.2 Not the famous mount Carmel, in the north of Canaan, and in the tribe of Asher; but a city, on a mountain of the same name, in the south of Judah, which seems to have given name to the surrounding territory. Eusebius and Jerome inform us, that there was in their time a town called Carmelia, ten miles east from Hebron, where the Romans kept a Garrison, whose position well agree with this Carmel. This was a very ancient custom, and appears to have been always attended with festivity. The ancient Romans, however, used to pluck off the wool from the sheep's backs; and hence a fleece was called vellus, a vellendo, from plucking it off. Pliny says, that in his time sheep were not shorn every where, but in some places the wool was still plucked off. 15822-900727-2105-1Sa25.3 {Wehoo calibbee} literally, `and he was a Calebite;' but as the word {cailev} signifies {a dog}, the Septuagint has understood it as implying a man of {canine disposition}, and translated it, (), `and he was a doggish man.' It is understood in the same way by the Syriac and Arabic. 15823-900727-2106-1Sa25.4 15824-900727-2106-1Sa25.5 15825-900727-2108-1Sa25.6 15826-900727-2112-1Sa25.7 In those times, and at the present day, wandering Arabs, under thier several chiefs, think that they have a right to exact contributions of provisions, etc. wherever they come. But David, though he lived in the wilderness like the Arab emirs, had not adopted their manners: one of them, at the head of 600 men, would have demanded, from time to time, some provision or present from Nabal's servants, for permitting them to feed at quiet; and would have driven them away from the watering place upon any dislike. David had done nothing of this kind; but had protected them against those who would. 15827-900727-2113-1Sa25.8 15828-900727-2113-1Sa25.9 15829-900727-2115-1Sa25.10 15830-900727-2116-1Sa25.11 15831-900727-2119-1Sa25.12 15832-900727-2120-1Sa25.13 15833-900727-2121-1Sa25.14 15834-900727-2121-1Sa25.15 15835-900727-2122-1Sa25.16 15836-900727-2124-1Sa25.17 15837-900727-2128-1Sa25.18 The Eastern bread is generally both thin and small; and answers to our cakes. That is, two goatskins' full. Figs cured and then pressed together. Now all this provision was a matter of little worth; and had it been granted in the first instance, it would have perfectly satisfied David, and secured his good offices. 15838-900727-2128-1Sa25.19 15839-900727-2129-1Sa25.20 David was coming down mount Paran; Abigail was coming down from Carmel 15840-900727-2131-1Sa25.21 15841-900727-2134-1Sa25.22 Nothing can justify this conduct of David, which was rash, unjust, and cruel in the extreme. David himself condemns it, and thanks God for being prevented from executing this evil. This seems to have been a proverbial expression among the Israelites; and may with the utmost propriety be read `any male. ' 15842-900727-2135-1Sa25.23 15843-900727-2136-1Sa25.24 15844-900727-2137-1Sa25.25 15845-900727-2139-1Sa25.26 15846-900727-2141-1Sa25.27 15847-900727-2143-1Sa25.28 15848-900727-2147-1Sa25.29 The metaphors in this verse are derived from the consideration, that things of value are collected together, and often tied up in bundles, like sheaves of corn, to prevent their being scattered and lost, and that whatever is put into a sling is not intended to be preserved, but to be thrown away. sling. 15849-900727-2147-1Sa25.30 15850-900727-2149-1Sa25.31 15851-900727-2152-1Sa25.32 pressed with hunger and wearied with travel; but her advice, which disarmed his rage, and calmed his revenge, draws forth these high and affectionate gratulations. These were his joyful and glorius trophies; not over his enemies, but over himself. 15852-900727-2153-1Sa25.33 15853-900727-2154-1Sa25.34 15854-900727-2154-1Sa25.35 15855-900727-2156-1Sa25.36 15856-900727-2157-1Sa25.37 15857-900727-2158-1Sa25.38 15858-900727-2205-1Sa25.39 It is probable that David had heard that Saul, to cut off his pretenisons to the throne, had married Michal to Phalti; and this justified him in taking Abigail, it not being then unlawful for a man to have several wives. This conduct of David's corresponds with the manner in which the oriental princes generally form their matrimonial alliances. `The king of Abyssinia,' says Mr. Bruce, `sends an officer to the house where the lady lives, who announces to her that it is the king's pleasure she should remove instantly to the palace. She then dresses herself in the best manner, and immediately obeys. Thenceforward he assigns her an apartment in the palace, and gives her a house in any part she chooses.' 15859-900727-2206-1Sa25.40 15860-900727-2206-1Sa25.41 15861-900727-2207-1Sa25.42 15862-900727-2208-1Sa25.43 15863-900727-2211-1Sa25.44 frequently signifies; this being the cause why David took another wife. This town appears to have been situated in the tribe of Benjamin, as it is mentioned in Is 10.30, with Michmash, Geba, etc. 15864-900727-2217-1Sa26.1 against David 4-12 David coming into the trench stays Abishai from killing Saul, but takes his spear and cruse 13-16 David reproves Abner 17-20 and exhorts Saul 21-25 Saul acknowledges his sin 15865-900727-2218-1Sa26.2 15866-900727-2219-1Sa26.3 15867-900727-2219-1Sa26.4 15868-900727-2226-1Sa26.5 or waggon way. Nor does it seem to denote a ring of carriages, as Buxtorf and others interpret the word; for it is not probable that Saul would encumber his army with baggage in so rapid a pursuit, nor that so mountainous a country was practicable for waggons. It appears simply to mean here, the circular encampment (from agal, `round') which these troops formed, in the midst of which, as being the place of honour, Saul reposed. An Arab camp, D'Arvieux informs us, is always circular, when the disposition of the ground will permit, the prince being in the middle, and the troops at a respectful distance around him. Add to which, their lances are fixed near them in the ground all the day long, ready for action. 15869-900727-2227-1Sa26.6 15870-900727-2227-1Sa26.7 15871-900727-2229-1Sa26.8 15872-900727-2229-1Sa26.9 15873-900727-2231-1Sa26.10 15874-900727-2231-1Sa26.11 15875-900727-2232-1Sa26.12 15876-900727-2237-1Sa26.13 seems to have manifested more distrust of Saul than he had done on a former occasion. Yet he desired that Saul and all Israel should be informed of his conduct at this time. Abner and his soldiers, by neglecting to guard Saul when he spept, had exposed his life, and merited to be treated as his enemies, though he confided in them as friends; for, although their sound sleep was undoubtedly supernatural, yet there might be a neglect of placing sentinels, arising from contempt of David's small company. Saul also deemed David his enemy, though he had before spared and protected his life. 15877-900727-2237-1Sa26.14 15878-900727-2239-1Sa26.15 15879-900727-2240-1Sa26.16 15880-900727-2241-1Sa26.17 15881-900727-2242-1Sa26.18 15882-900727-2244-1Sa26.19 15883-900727-2249-1Sa26.20 Parohs, (in Arabic borghooth, Syriac, poorthano,) the well known little contemptible and troublesome insect, the flea, seems to be so called from its agility in leaping and skipping, from {para} `free' and `raash', `to leap, bound.' David, by comparing himself to this insect, seems to import, that while it would cost Saul much pains to catch him, he would obtain but very little advantage from it. called in Arabic, {kiraa} It seeems to be so called from the {cry} or {cur} which it utters when calling its young. 15884-900727-2250-1Sa26.21 15886-900727-2252-1Sa26.23 15887-900727-2253-1Sa26.24 15888-900727-2254-1Sa26.25 15889-900728-1037-1Sa27.1 5-7 David begs Ziklag of Achish 8-12 He, invading other countries, persuades Achish he fought against Judah. This was a rash conclusion: God had caused him to be anointed king of Israel, and promised his accession to the throne, and had so often interposed in his behalf, that he was authorised to believe the very reverse. 15890-900728-1040-1Sa27.2 This measure of David's, in uniting himself to the enemies of his God and people, was highly blameable; was calculated to alienate the affections of the israelites; and led to equivocation, if not downright falsehood. 15891-900728-1040-1Sa27.3 15892-900728-1041-1Sa27.4 15893-900728-1041-1Sa27.5 15894-900728-1044-1Sa27.6 Ziklag was at first given to the tribe of Judah, but was afterwards ceded to that of Simeon; but as it bordered on the Philistines, if they had ever been expelled, they had retaken it. Eusebius simply says it was situated in the south of Canaan. 15895-900728-1045-1Sa27.7 15896-900728-1048-1Sa27.8 These people seem to be the Gerrhenians, (2 Mac 13.24) whose chief city, Gerrha, is mentioned by Strabo as lying between Gaza and Pelusium in Egypt. 15897-900728-1049-1Sa27.9 15898-900728-1056-1Sa27.10 David here meant the Geshurites, and Gezrites, and Amalekites, which people occupied that part of the country which lies to the south of Judah. But Achish, as was intended, understood him in a different sense, and believed that he had attacked his own countrymen. David's answer, therefore, though not an absolute falsehood, was certainly an equivocation intended to deceive, and therefore incompatible with that sense of truth and honour which became him as a prince, and a professor of true religion. From these, and similar passages, we may observe the strict impartiality of the Sacred Scriptures. They present us with the most faithful delineation of human nature; they exhibit the frailties of kings, priests, and prophets, with equal truth; and examples of vice and frailty, as well as of piety and virtue, are held up, that we may guard against the errors to which the best men are exposed. 15899-900728-1057-1Sa27.11 15900-900728-1057-1Sa27.12 15901-900728-1101-1Sa28.1 3 Saul having destroyed the witches 4-6 and now in his fear forsaken of God 7 has recourse to a witch 8-14 who, encouraged by Saul, raises up Samuel 15-20 Saul hearing his ruin, faints 21-25 The woman and his servants refresh him with meat 15902-900728-1102-1Sa28.2 15903-900728-1103-1Sa28.3 15904-900728-1104-1Sa28.4 15905-900728-1105-1Sa28.5 15906-900728-1107-1Sa28.6 15907-900728-1114-1Sa28.7 En-dor, a city of Manasseh, was situated in the plain of Jezreel; and Eusebius and Jerome inform us, that it was a great town in their days, four miles south from Mount Tabor, near Nain, towards Scythopolis. This agrees with Maundrell, who says, that not many miles eastward of Tabor, you see mount Hermon, at the foot of which is seated nain and Endor; and Burckhardt says, that in two hours and a half from Nazareth, towards Scythopolis or Bisan, they came to the village of Denouny, near which are the runins of Endor; where the withch's groto is shewn. 15908-900728-1115-1Sa28.8 15909-900728-1116-1Sa28.9 15910-900728-1116-1Sa28.10 15912-900728-1117-1Sa28.12 15913-900728-1118-1Sa28.13 15914-900728-1120-1Sa28.14 15915-900728-1123-1Sa28.15 15916-900728-1123-1Sa28.16 15917-900728-1127-1Sa28.17 The LXX, read (), and the Vulgate {tibi}, to {thee}; which is the reading of Dr. Kennicott's and De Rossi's MSS., as well as both the Bibles printed at Venice in 1518, where we read {lecha}, `to thee,' for {lo}, `to him;' and as the words are spoken to Saul, this seens to be evidently the correct reading. 15918-900728-1128-1Sa28.18 15919-900728-1136-1Sa28.19 There is considerable diversity of opinion, both among learned and pious men, relative to to this appearance to Saul. but the most probable opinion seems to be, that {Samuel himself} did actually appear to Saul, not by the power of enchantment, but by the appointment and especial mercy of God, to warn this infatuated monarch of his approaching end, that he might be reconciled with his Maker. There is not the smallest intimation of {chicanery or Satanic} influence given in the text; but on the contrary, from the plain and obvious meaning of the language employed, it is perfectly evident that it was {Samuel himself}, {Shemooel hoo. }as it is expressed in ver. 14. Indeed the very soul of Samuel seems to breathe in his expressions of displeasure against the disobedience and wickedness of Saul; while the awful prophetic denunciations which accordingly came to pass, were such as neither human nor diabolical wisdom could foresee, and which could only be known to God himself, and to those to whom he chose to reveal them. 15920-900728-1137-1Sa28.20 his stature. 15921-900728-1138-1Sa28.21 15923-900728-1138-1Sa28.23 15924-900728-1139-1Sa28.24 15926-900728-1142-1Sa29.1 3-5 is disallowed by their princes 6-11 Achish dismisses him, with commendations of his fidelity 15927-900728-1143-1Sa29.2 15928-900728-1145-1Sa29.3 These words seem to mark no definite time; and may be understood thus: `Is not this David, the servant of Saul the king of Israel, who has been with me for a considerable time?' 15929-900728-1149-1Sa29.4 common practice of mankind; and it was well for David that they were such good politicians: it was ordered by a gracious Providence that they refused to let David go with them to this battle, in which he must have been either an enemy to his country, or false to his friends and to his trust. Had he fought for the Philistines, he would have fought against God and his country; and had he in the battle gone over to the Israelites, he would have deceived and become a traitor to the hospitable Achish. God therefore delivered him from such disgrace; and by the same kind Providence he was sent back to rescue his wives, and the wives and children of his people, from captivity. 15930-900728-1150-1Sa29.5 15931-900728-1152-1Sa29.6 lords. 15932-900728-1152-1Sa29.7 15933-900728-1153-1Sa29.8 15934-900728-1154-1Sa29.9 15935-900728-1154-1Sa29.10 15936-900728-1200-1Sa29.11 Jezreel, of Esdraelon, was a city of Issachar, afterwards celebrated as the residence of the kings of Israel, delightfully situated in the extensive and fertile plain of the same name, which extends from Scythopolis or Bethshan on the east to mount Carmel on thw west. Eusebius and Jerome inform us, that it was in their time a place of considerable consequence, lying between Scythopolis on the east and Legio on the west; and the latter (on Ho. 1.) informs us that it was pretty near Maximianopolis. The Jerusalem Itinerary places it ten miles west from Scythopolis; and William of Tyre says it was called Little Gerinum in his time, and that there was a fine fountain in it, whose waters fell into the Jordan near Scythopolis. 15937-900728-1205-1Sa30.1 4-10 David asking counsel, is encouraged by God to pursue them 11-21 By the means of a received Egyptian he is brought to the enemies, and recovers all the spoil 22-25 David's law to divide the spoil equally between them that fight and them that keep the stuff. 26-31 He sends presents to his friends This was the third day after he had left the Philistine army at Aphek, from which place, Calmet supposes, Ziklag was distant more than thirty leagues. 15938-900728-1205-1Sa30.2 15939-900728-1206-1Sa30.3 15940-900728-1206-1Sa30.4 15941-900728-1207-1Sa30.5 15942-900728-1213-1Sa30.6 15943-900728-1213-1Sa30.7 15944-900728-1214-1Sa30.8 15946-900728-1539-1Sa30.10 This brook or torrent, it is evident from the circumstances of the history, must be in the south-west part of Judea, and must empty itself into the Mediterranean Sea. In the more particular situation of it writers are not agreed. some suppose it to be between Gaza and Rhinocorura; but Jerome places it between Rhinocorura and Egypt. it is supposed by some to be the same as the river of the wilderness, (Am 6.14) and the river of Egypt, 15947-900728-1540-1Sa30.11 15948-900728-1541-1Sa30.12 15949-900728-1544-1Sa30.13 Though they had booty enough, and this poor sick slave might have been carried on an ass or a camel, yet they inhumanely left him to perish; but, in the righteous providence of God, this cruelty was the occasion of their destruction; whilts David's kindness to a persihing stranger and slave the means of his success, and proved the truest policy. 15950-900728-1547-1Sa30.14 Calmet and others suppose that these people, who inhabited the same district as the Philistines, were the aborigines of the island of Crete, for which they derived their name. A district in the south of Judea, in which were the cities of Kirjath -Arba or Hebron, and Kirjath-sepher, belonging to the family of Caleb. 15951-900728-1548-1Sa30.15 15952-900728-1549-1Sa30.16 15953-900728-1550-1Sa30.17 15955-900728-1550-1Sa30.19 15956-900728-1551-1Sa30.20 15957-900728-1552-1Sa30.21 15958-900728-1553-1Sa30.22 15959-900728-1554-1Sa30.23 15960-900728-1556-1Sa30.24 This equitable edict was somewhat different from that which had so long obtained in Israel, and by which the spoil of the Midianites was divided: that related to the whole people: this only to the soldiers, some of whom went to battle, while others guarded the baggage. 15961-900728-1557-1Sa30.25 15962-900728-1558-1Sa30.26 15963-900728-1601-1Sa30.27 Probably not the celebrated city of this name, but {Bethul} a city of Simeon, (jos 19.4) supposed to be the same as {Bethelia}, mentioned by Sozomen as belonging to Gaza, well peopled, and having several temples remarkable for their structure and antiquity; and which jerome says, in his life of Hilarion, was five short days' journey from Pelusium. Ramoth gilead beyond Jordan. 15964-900728-1603-1Sa30.28 Supposed to be the same with Shepham (Nu 34.10) on the eastern borders of Canaan. 15965-900728-1605-1Sa30.29 Supposed by Calmet to be the same as Hachilah The descendants of Jerahmeel son of Hezron (1Ch. 2.9, 25-27) who inhabited district in the south of Judah These people inhabited a small tract west of the Dead Sea. 15966-900728-1606-1Sa30.30 Probably the same as Ashan in Simeon 15967-900728-1606-1Sa30.31 15968-900728-1611-1Sa31.1 armour bearer kill themselves. 7 The Philistines possess the forsaken towns of the Israelites 8-10 They triumph over the dead carcases 11-13 They of jabesh-gilead recovering the dead bodies by night, burn them at Jabesh, and mournfully bury their bodies. Eusebius and Jerome place this mountain six miles west from Bethshan, where was a large place called Gelbus. The natives still call it Djebel Gilbo. 15969-900728-1613-1Sa31.2 15970-900728-1614-1Sa31.3 15971-900728-1617-1Sa31.4 bearer's, who, according to the Jews, was Doeg; and if so, when Saul and his executioner fell by the same sword with which they massacred the priests of God. 15972-900728-1617-1Sa31.5 15973-900728-1618-1Sa31.6 15974-900728-1618-1Sa31.7 15975-900728-1619-1Sa31.8 15976-900728-1620-1Sa31.9 15977-900728-1622-1Sa31.10 The Philistines placed the armour of Saul in the temple of Ashtaroth as a tropy of victory, and a testimony of their gratitude, in the same manner as David placed the sword of Goliath in the tabernacle. 15978-900728-1622-1Sa31.11 15979-900728-1623-1Sa31.12 15980-900728-1624-1Sa31.13 15981-900729-0846-2Sa1.1 accused himself of Saul's death is slain 17-27 David laments Saul and Jonathan with a song 15982-900729-0848-2Sa1.2 15983-900729-0849-2Sa1.3 15984-900729-0850-2Sa1.4 15985-900729-0851-2Sa1.5 15986-900729-0856-2Sa1.6 The story of this young man appears to be wholly a fiction, formed for the purpose of ingratiating himself with David, as the next probable successor to the crown. There is no {fact} in the case, except for the bringing of the diedem and bracelets of Saul, as a sufficient evidence of his death, which, as he appears to been a plunderer of the slain, he seems to have stripped from the dead body of the unfortunate monarch. It is remarkable, that Saul, who had forfeited his crown by his disobedience and ill-timed clemency with the Amalekites, should now have the insignia of royalty stripped from his person by one of those very people. 15987-900729-0857-2Sa1.7 15988-900729-0858-2Sa1.8 15989-900729-0859-2Sa1.9 hindereth me, that my, etc. 15990-900729-0903-2Sa1.10 This was probably worn as an ensign of royalty, as is frequently the case in the East. When the Khalif Cayem Bemrillah granted the investiture of certain dominions to an Eastern prince, the ceremony was performed by sending him letters patent, a crown, chain, and bracelets. The bracelet, says Mr.Morier, are onaments fastened above the elbows, composed of precious stones of great value, and are only worn by the king and his sons. 15991-900729-0903-2Sa1.11 15992-900729-0904-2Sa1.12 15993-900729-0904-2Sa1.13 15994-900729-0905-2Sa1.14 15995-900729-0906-2Sa1.15 15996-900729-0908-2Sa1.16 15997-900729-0908-2Sa1.17 15998-900729-0913-2Sa1.18 threnody; so called, in the oriental style, because Saul's death was occasioned by that weapon, and because the bow of Jonathan, out of which `the arrow was shot beyond the lad,' (1sa 20.36) is celebrated in this song. `the book of the law;' the Arabic, `the book of Ashee: this is the book of Samuel.' This book was probably a collection of divine odes, written to commenorate remarkable events. 15999-900729-0915-2Sa1.19 16000-900729-0916-2Sa1.20 16001-900729-0920-2Sa1.21 Delaney and others, read {keley,} `weapons,' as it is found on one MS and in the first edition of the Hebrew Bible, printed as Soncini, 1488: `the shield of Saul; the [weapons] of the annointed with oil.' 16002-900729-0920-2Sa1.22 16003-900729-0922-2Sa1.23 16004-900729-0923-2Sa1.24 16005-900729-0923-2Sa1.25 16006-900729-0924-2Sa1.26 16007-900729-0925-2Sa1.27 16008-900729-0930-2Sa2.1 where he is made king of Judah 5-7 He commends them of Jabesh-gilead for their king of Israel 8-11 Abner makes Ishbosheth king of Israel 12-17 A mortal skirmish between twelve of Abner's and twelve of Joab's men. 18-24 Asahel is slain 25-31 At Abner's motion, Joab sounds a retreat 32 Asahel's burial 16009-900729-0931-2Sa2.2 16010-900729-0931-2Sa2.3 16011-900729-0932-2Sa2.4 16012-900729-0935-2Sa2.5 This was a generous and noble act, highly indicative of the grandeur of David's mind. He respected Saul, though he had been greatly injured by him, as the anointed king of Israel, and once his legitimate sovereign; and he loved Jonathan as his most intimate friend. 16013-900729-0936-2Sa2.6 16014-900729-0937-2Sa2.7 16015-900729-0940-2Sa2.8 16016-900729-1446-2Sa2.9 The LXX. read (), {Thasiri}; and the Vulgate {Gessuri}, `Geshurites;' but it is probable that for {ashuri}, `Ashurites,' we should read {ashairri,} `Asherites,' or those of the tribe of Asher. 16017-900729-1450-2Sa2.10 Houbigant proposes to read {shesh shanah}, `six years' instead of {shetayim shamim}, `two years' of the text, which he condends in a solecism; for, in pure Hebrew, the words should be {shetayim shanah}; and this is the reading of twenty MSS.; but {two} is acknowledged by all the versions and MSS. yet collated. 16018-900729-1450-2Sa2.11 16019-900729-1452-2Sa2.12 16020-900729-1453-2Sa2.13 16021-900729-1454-2Sa2.14 16023-900729-1459-2Sa2.16 Prabably by the beard or hair of the head. Plutarch, in his {Apophthegms}, informs us, that all things being ready for a battle, Alexander's captains asked him whether he had any thing else to command them. `Nothing,' he said, `but that the Macedonians shave their beards.' Parmenio wondering what he meant, `Dost thou not know,' said he, `that in fight, there is no better hold than the beard?' That is, the field of strong men. 16024-900729-1459-2Sa2.17 16025-900729-1502-2Sa2.18 note on De. 15.22. 16026-900729-1503-2Sa2.19 16028-900729-1505-2Sa2.21 It seems that Asahel wished to get the armour of Abner as a trophy 16029-900729-1506-2Sa2.22 16030-900729-1507-2Sa2.23 16033-900729-1509-2Sa2.26 16034-900729-1513-2Sa2.27 This was spoken in allusion to the proposal of Abner, (ver. 14,) which led to the slaughter of twelve young men of each party, and thus provoked the battle. It is probable, that Joab had orders simply to act on the defensive, and would not have attacked the Israelites that day unless compelled; therefore the blame lay upon Abner and Israel. 16036-900729-1516-2Sa2.29 Bithron or Bether is probably the same as {Betarus} which is placed in the Antonine Itinerary between Caesarea of Palestine and Diospolis of Lydda, 18 miles from the former, and 22 from the latter. The Jerusalem Itinerary mentions a place called {Bethar}, 16 miles from Caesarea, and 20 fro Diospolis, which is probably the same. The Talmudists say that it was four miles distant from the sea. 16038-900729-1519-2Sa2.31 those of Judah, were not great. This might be owing to the directions given by David, to be as lenient as possible; but the death of Asahel seems to have stopped the pursuers, and greatly favoured the escape of the vanquished. 16039-900729-1519-2Sa2.32 16040-900729-1527-2Sa3.1 2-5 Six sons are born to him in Hebron 6 Abner, dispeased with Ish-bosheth 7-12 revolts to David 13-16 David requires as a condition to bring him his wife Michal 17-21 Abner, having communed with the Israelites, is feasted by David, and dismissed 22-27 Joab returning from battle, is displeased with the king, and kills Abner 28-30 David curses Joab 31-39 and mourns for Abner 16041-900729-1528-2Sa3.2 16042-900729-1530-2Sa3.3 16043-900729-1531-2Sa3.4 16045-900729-1532-2Sa3.6 16046-900729-1534-2Sa3.7 This action of Abner's seems a most evident proof that he in- tended to seize on the government; and it was so understood by Ish-bosheth; see Parallel Texts. 16047-900729-1539-2Sa3.8 This was a proverbial expression among the Hebrews to denote whatever was deemed worthless and contemptible. Something similar to this was the answer of the Trukish commander at Ber, on the Euphrates, to a request made to see the castle. `Do they,' said he, `take me for a child, or {an ass's head}, that they would feed me with sweet meats, and dupe me with a bit of cloth? No, they shall not see the castle.' 16048-900729-1543-2Sa3.9 16049-900729-1543-2Sa3.10 16050-900729-1544-2Sa3.11 16051-900729-1546-2Sa3.12 16052-900729-1550-2Sa3.13 had a legal demand to her, and was justified in receiving her again. It is probable, also, that her marriage with Phaltiel was a force upon her inclinations; and whatever affections he might have for her, it was highly criminal for him to take another man's wife. David required Michal probably out of affection for her, and to strengthen his interest, by asserting his affinity with the house of Saul. 16053-900729-1551-2Sa3.14 16054-900729-1552-2Sa3.15 16055-900729-1553-2Sa3.16 16056-900729-1554-2Sa3.17 16057-900729-1555-2Sa3.18 16058-900729-1555-2Sa3.19 16059-900729-1556-2Sa3.20 16060-900729-1557-2Sa3.21 16063-900729-1601-2Sa3.24 Joab and his brother Abishai, David's nephews, had been very faithful and highly useful to him in his distresses; and, from gratitude and natural affection, he had inadvertently permitted them to assume almost as much ascendancy over him as Abner had over the pusillanimous Ishbosheth: he trusted and feared them too much, and allowed them all the importance they claimed; which had emboldened them, especially Joab, to a high degree of presumption. 16064-900729-1602-2Sa3.25 16065-900729-1603-2Sa3.26 16066-900729-1611-2Sa3.27 Joab was afraid that Abner, after rendering such essential service to David, would be made the general of the army; and therefore, under pretence of avenging the death of his brother, he treacherously assassinated the unsuspecting and too-confiding Abner: and such was the power of this cold-bloded and nefarious murderer, that the king dared not bring him to justice for his crime. But, while Joab's conduct cannot be too severely reprobated, the justice of God is apparent in Abner's punishment; who, from ambition, had pertinaciously, against his conscience, opposed the declared will of God; and was induced by base resentment to desert Ish-bosheth, and offer his services to David. 16067-900729-1612-2Sa3.28 16068-900729-1614-2Sa3.29 16069-900729-1614-2Sa3.30 16070-900729-1618-2Sa3.31 David, intending no doubt to punish Joab, and to lessen his authority with the people, commanded him to take upon him the office of chief mourner; but, as his revenge was gratified, his rival removed, and no heavier punishment inflicted, it is probable his hardened mind would fell but little objection to the ceremony. 16071-900729-1620-2Sa3.32 16072-900729-1622-2Sa3.33 That is, as a bad man, as the word frequently signifies in Scripture 16073-900729-1626-2Sa3.34 The hand of malefactors were usually secured with cords, and their feet with fetters; a custom to which David affectingly alludes in his lamentation over the dust of Abner. Thy hands, O Abner, were not bound, as found to be a malefactor, nor thy feet put in fetters; thou was treated with honour by him whose business it was to judge thee, and thy attachment to the house of Saul was esteemed rather generous than culpable: as the best of men may fall, so thou fellest by the sword of treachery, not of justice. 16074-900729-1627-2Sa3.35 16075-900729-1628-2Sa3.36 16077-900729-1628-2Sa3.38 16078-900729-1630-2Sa3.39 16079-900729-1634-2Sa4.1 2-8 Baanah and Rechab slay Ish-bosheth, and bring his head to Hebron 9-12 David causes them to be slain, and Ish-bosheth's head to be buried. 16080-900729-1635-2Sa4.2 16081-900729-1635-2Sa4.3 16082-900729-1637-2Sa4.4 16083-900729-1639-2Sa4.5 It is customary, in all hot countries, to travel or work very early and very late, and to rest at noon, at which time the heat most prevails. 16084-900729-1644-2Sa4.6 It is still the custom of the East, according to Dr. Perry, to allow the soldiers a certain quantity of corn, with other articles of provision, together with some pay: and as it was the custom also to grind the corn, as needed, at the break of day, these two captains very naturally went the day before to the palace, where the king's stores appear to have been kept, to fetch wheat, in order to distribute it to the soldiers under them, to be ground at the accustomed hour in the morning. The princes of the East, in those days, as appears from the history of David, reposed on their couches till the cool of the evening: they therefore came in the heat of the day, when they knew their master would be resting on his bed; and as it was a necessary to have the corn before it was needed, their coming at this time, though it might be earlier than usual, excited no suspicion. 16085-900729-1647-2Sa4.7 us and sharpen our dendeavours, we betray a carelessness of character which is soon taken advantage of by our more watchful neighbors. Love not sleep, lest thour come to poverty and ruin. The idle soul is an easy prey to the destroyer. 16086-900729-1648-2Sa4.8 16087-900729-1650-2Sa4.9 16088-900729-1651-2Sa4.10 tidings 16089-900729-1653-2Sa4.11 16090-900729-1655-2Sa4.12 16091-900729-1659-2Sa5.1 4,5 David's age 6-10 He taking Zion from the Jebusites, dwells in it 11,12 Hiram sends to David, 13-16 Eleven sons are born to him in Jerusalem 17-21 David, directed by God, smites the Philistines at Baal-perazim 22-25 And again at the mulberry trees 16092-900729-1701-2Sa5.2 16093-900729-1703-2Sa5.3 16094-900729-1703-2Sa5.4 16095-900729-1704-2Sa5.5 16096-900729-1710-2Sa5.6 follows: `Who spake unto David, saying, Thou shalt not come hither; for the blind and the lame shall drive thee away, by saying, David shall not come in hither.' the subteranneous passage reacheth the lame and the blind, who hate the life of David, (because the blind and the lame said, he shall not come into the house,) shall be chief and captain. So Joab, the son of Zeriah, went up first, and was chief.' 16097-900729-1711-2Sa5.7 16098-900729-1712-2Sa5.8 lame, he shall not come into the house. 16099-900729-1713-2Sa5.9 16100-900729-1714-2Sa5.10 16101-900729-1725-2Sa5.11 16102-900729-1726-2Sa5.12 16103-900729-1727-2Sa5.13 16104-900729-1729-2Sa5.14 16105-900729-1729-2Sa5.15 16106-900729-1730-2Sa5.16 Eliphelet # 1ch 3.8 16107-900729-1731-2Sa5.17 16108-900729-1731-2Sa5.18 16109-900729-1733-2Sa5.19 16110-900729-1734-2Sa5.20 16111-900729-1735-2Sa5.21 16112-900729-1735-2Sa5.22 16113-900729-1743-2Sa5.23 The word {bechaim} rendered mulberry trees, is rendered Aquila, (), pear-trees, as the LXX. also render in 1ch 14.14,15; and so the Vulgate in both places has {pyrorum}. The Rabbins, however, believe {bacha} signifies the {mulberry-tree}; with whom Ursinus agrees. It more probably denotes a large shrub which the Arabs still call {baca}, from its {distilling} an odoriferous gum, from {bachah} to {distil}, as tears. Of this opinion is Celsius, who quotes a passage from {Abulfadi}, who describes it as a balsam shrub, having longish leaves, and bearing a large fruit with an acrid taste. M. Forskal mentions a tree by the name of {baeca}, with leaves rather ovated, smooth, entire: its berries are poisonous to the sheep. 16114-900729-1744-2Sa5.24 16115-900729-1744-2Sa5.25 16116-900729-1748-2Sa6.1 6-8 Uzzah is smitten at Perez-uzzah 9-11 God blesses Obed-edom for the ark 12-16 David brings the ark into Zion with sacrifices, and dances before it; for which Michal despises him 17-19 He places it in a tabernacle with great joy and feasting 20-23 Michal, reproving David for his religious joy, is childless to her death 16117-900729-1751-2Sa6.2 of hosts, was called upon. 16118-900729-1752-2Sa6.3 16119-900729-1752-2Sa6.4 16120-900729-1756-2Sa6.5 This should doubtless be corrected from the parallel place 1ch 13.8; where, instead of {bechol atzey beroshim}, which is literally, `with all trees or wood of fir, we read {bechol oz oovesheerim, `with all their might, and with songs.' This makes a good sense, while the former makes none; the LXX. have the same reading her, (). 16121-900729-1800-2Sa6.6 Even the Kohathites, who were appointed to carry the ark, it was covered by the priests, were forbidden to {touch} it on {pain of death}; but uzzah, who certainly was no priest, probably with some degree of irreverance, having presumed to lay his hand upon the ark, which perhaps was not covered, thus incurred the penalty due to his rashness. 16122-900729-1801-2Sa6.7 16123-900729-1803-2Sa6.8 16124-900729-1804-2Sa6.9 16125-900729-1805-2Sa6.10 16126-900729-1805-2Sa6.11 16127-900729-1806-2Sa6.12 16128-900729-1807-2Sa6.13 16129-900729-1808-2Sa6.14 16130-900729-1810-2Sa6.15 16131-900729-1811-2Sa6.16 16132-900729-1812-2Sa6.17 16133-900729-1813-2Sa6.18 16134-900729-1814-2Sa6.19 16135-900729-1819-2Sa6.20 We are only to understnad by this expression that David had divested himself of his royal robes, in order to appear humble {before the Lord}, by assimilating himself to the condition of one of the priests or Levites: for we find that he was `girded with a linen ephod;' and consequently no part of his bady was exposed, having only put off his outer garments. The terms uncovered or naked frequently mean no more that this in Scripture. 16136-900729-1820-2Sa6.21 16137-900729-1822-2Sa6.22 16138-900729-1823-2Sa6.23 16139-900729-2206-2Sa7.1 house 4-11 After by the word of God forbids him 12-17 God promises him benefits and blessings in his seed 18-29 David's prayer and thanksgiving 16140-900729-2208-2Sa7.2 16141-900729-2209-2Sa7.3 16142-900729-2209-2Sa7.4 16143-900729-2211-2Sa7.5 16144-900729-2212-2Sa7.6 16145-900729-2218-2Sa7.7 Houbigant, Drs. Waterland and A. clarke, and others, (), {shophty}, `judges;' which is the reading in the parallel passaged. Indeed there is but one letter of difference between them, and letters which might be easily mistaken for each other; the apex under the upper stroke of the (), {pay}, being the only mark to distinguish if from the (), {baith}. Compare with verse 11. 16146-900729-2219-2Sa7.8 16147-900729-2221-2Sa7.9 16148-900729-2223-2Sa7.10 16149-900729-2224-2Sa7.11 16150-900729-2226-2Sa7.12 16151-900729-2227-2Sa7.13 16152-900729-2228-2Sa7.14 16153-900729-2229-2Sa7.15 16154-900729-2231-2Sa7.16 16155-900729-2231-2Sa7.17 16156-900729-2232-2Sa7.18 16157-900729-2233-2Sa7.19 16158-900729-2234-2Sa7.20 16159-900729-2235-2Sa7.21 16160-900729-2237-2Sa7.22 16161-900729-2240-2Sa7.23 16162-900729-2241-2Sa7.24 16163-900729-2242-2Sa7.25 16164-900729-2243-2Sa7.26 16165-900729-2244-2Sa7.27 16166-900729-2245-2Sa7.28 16167-900729-2246-2Sa7.29 16168-900729-2252-2Sa8.1 3-8 He smites Hadadezer, and the Syrians 9,10 Toi sends Joram with presents to bless him 11-13 The presents and the spoil David dedicates to God 14,15 He puts garrisons in Edom 16-18 David's officers In the parallel passge of Chronicles, we read, `David took Gath and her towns;' and it is probable, that Gath and its districts were called {Metheg-ammah} in David's time; which, being unusual or becoming obsolete, in the time of the author of the Chrincles, led him thus to explain it. 16169-900730-1955-2Sa8.2 16170-900730-1957-2Sa8.3 16171-900730-2001-2Sa8.4 As 1ch 18.4 In the parallel place in chronicles it is `{seven thousand} horsemen,' a far more probable number. The letter (), {zayin}, with a dot upon it stands for {seven thousand}, and the final letter (), {noon}, for {seven hundred}: the great similarity of these letters might easily cause the one to be mistaken for the other, and so produce an error in this place. 16172-900730-2004-2Sa8.5 From 2ch 8.3, we learn that zobah was the district in which Tadmor or palymyra was situated; and consequently lay between the land of Israel and the Euphrates. The capital was probably the same as the Sabe mentioned by Ptolemy as a city of Arabia Deserta. 16173-900730-2006-2Sa8.6 16174-900730-2007-2Sa8.7 16175-900730-2010-2Sa8.8 Probably the same as {Bathne} in Syria, between Berocea and Hierapolis. Berothai is probably the {Barathena} of Ptolemy, which he mentions, along with {Sabe}, as a city of Arabia Deserta, in the confines of the Palmyrenain district. 16176-900730-2011-2Sa8.9 16177-900730-2013-2Sa8.10 16178-900730-2014-2Sa8.11 16179-900730-2014-2Sa8.12 16180-900730-2015-2Sa8.13 16181-900730-2017-2Sa8.14 16182-900730-2018-2Sa8.15 16183-900730-2020-2Sa8.16 16184-900730-2021-2Sa8.17 scribe. or, secretary 16185-900730-2022-2Sa8.18 16186-900730-2025-2Sa9.1 7,8 For Jonathan's sake he entertains him at his table, and restores him all that was Saul's 9-13 He makes Ziba his farmer 16187-900730-2026-2Sa9.2 16188-900730-2029-2Sa9.3 That is, the {highest degree of kindness}; as {the hail of God} is very great hail; the {mountains of God} exceeding high mountains; besides which, this kindness was according to the {covenant of God} made between him and Jonathan. 16189-900730-2031-2Sa9.4 This place appears to have situated beyond Jordan; and was probably, as Reland supposes, the same as {Debir or Lidbir} 16191-900730-2036-2Sa9.6 16192-900730-2039-2Sa9.7 16193-900730-2040-2Sa9.8 16194-900730-2041-2Sa9.9 16195-900730-2046-2Sa9.10 The eating at courts was of two kinds; the one public and ceremonies, the other private. Sir John Chardin understands those passages which speak of a right to eat at the royal table, apointing out a right to a seat there, when the repast was public and solemn. So in a MS. Note on 1ki 2.7, he tells us that it was to be understood of the {majilis}, (the term for an assembly of lords, or a {public} feast) and not of the daily and ordinary repast. Hence, though Mephiblosheth was to eat at all public times at the king's table, yet he would want the produce of his lands for food at other times, which it was necessary for Ziba to understand. 16196-900730-2047-2Sa9.11 16197-900730-2048-2Sa9.12 16198-900730-2049-2Sa9.13 16199-900730-2107-2Sa10.1 are villanously treated 6-14 The Ammonites, strengthened by the Syrians, are overcome by Joab and Abishai 15-19 Shobuch, making a new supply of the Syrains at Helam, is slain by David 16200-900730-2108-2Sa10.2 16201-900730-2110-2Sa10.3 16202-900730-2118-2Sa10.4 The {beard} is held in high respect and greatly valued in the East: the possessor considers it as his greatest ornament; often swears by it, and, in matters of great importance, {pledges} it; and nothing can be more secure than such a pledge, for its owneer will redeem it at the hazard of his life. The beard was never cut off but in {mourning}, or as a sign of {slavery.} It is customary to shave the Ottoman princes, as a mark of their subjection to the reigning emperor. The beard is a mark of authority and liberty among the Mohammedans. The Persians who clip the beard, and shave above the jaw, are reputed heretics. They who serve in the seraglios have their beards shaven, as a sign of servitude; nor do they suffer them to grow till the sultan has set them at liberty. Among the Arabians, it is more infamous for anyone to appear with his beard cutt off, than among us to be publicly whipped or branded; and many would prefer death to such a punishment. 16203-900730-2118-2Sa10.5 16204-900730-2120-2Sa10.6 16205-900730-2121-2Sa10.7 16206-900730-2122-2Sa10.8 This was at the city of {Medeba}, a city upon the borders of the Ammonites, and in their possession. 16207-900730-2123-2Sa10.9 16209-900730-2123-2Sa10.11 16210-900730-2131-2Sa10.12 This is a very animating address, and equal to any thing of the kind in ancient or modern times. Ye fight {pro aris et focis;} for every god, sacred and civil; for God, for your families, and for your contries. Such harangues, especially in very trying circumstances, are very natural, and may perhaps be found in the records of every nation. Several instances might be quoted from Roman and Grecian history; but few are more remarkable than that of Tyrteus, the lame Athenian poet, to whom the command of the army was given in one of the Messenian wars. The Spartans had at that time suffered great losses, and all their strategems proved ineffectual, so that they began to despair of success; when the poet, by his lectures on honour and courage, delivered in moving verse to the army, ravished them to such a degree with the thoughts of dying for their country, that, rushing on with a furious transport to meet their enemies, they gave them an entire overthrow, and by one decisive battle brought the war to a happy conclusion. 16211-900730-2132-2Sa10.13 16213-900730-2133-2Sa10.15 16214-900730-2134-2Sa10.16 16215-900730-2135-2Sa10.17 16216-900730-2136-2Sa10.18 16217-900730-2137-2Sa10.19 16218-900730-2146-2Sa11.1 Bath-sheba 6-13 Uriah, sent for by David to cover the adultery, would not go home. 14-17 He carries to Joab the letter of his death 18-25 Joab sends the news thereof to David 26,27 David takes Bath-sheba to wife The sacred historian seems to intimate that there was one par- ticular time of the year to which military operations were limited; and Josephus informs us that this took place in the beginning of spring. In another part of his works he says, that as soon as spring was begun, Adad levied and led forth his army against the Hebrews. Antiochus also prepared to invade Judea at the first appearance of spring; and Vespasioan marched to Antipatris at the commencement of the same season. The kings and armies of the East, says Chardin, do not march but when there is grass, and when they can encamp, which is in April. This rule, however, seems to be disregarded in modern times. 16219-900730-2148-2Sa11.2 16220-900730-2151-2Sa11.3 16221-900730-2153-2Sa11.4 returned. 16222-900730-2153-2Sa11.5 16223-900730-2154-2Sa11.6 16224-900730-2155-2Sa11.7 16225-900730-2156-2Sa11.8 16226-900730-2157-2Sa11.9 16228-900730-2158-2Sa11.11 16229-900730-2159-2Sa11.12 16230-900730-2200-2Sa11.13 16231-900730-2205-2Sa11.14 It was resolved in David's breast that Uraih must die--that innocent, valiant, and gallant man, who was ready to sacrifice his life for the honour of his prince; and, worse than all, by being himself made the bearer of letters to Joab which prescribed the mode by which he was to be murdered. This was the greatest treachery and villany on the part of David; while Joab appears to enter as fully upon the execution of the murder, being perhaps pleased to have this opportunity of further entralling his king, and thus increasing his own power. 16232-900730-2206-2Sa11.15 16233-900730-2208-2Sa11.16 16234-900730-2209-2Sa11.17 16238-900730-2211-2Sa11.21 16242-900730-2217-2Sa11.25 this noble and gallant man was no chance-medley: he was by his own order thrust on the sword. 16243-900730-2217-2Sa11.26 16244-900730-2222-2Sa11.27 observed the {form}, without feeling the {power of sorrow}. She lost a {captain}, and got a {king} for her husband: and therefore, {Lacrymas non sponte dadentes effudit; gemitusque expressit pectore laeto;} `She shed reluctant tears; and forced out groans from a joyful breast!' 16245-900730-2235-2Sa12.1 judge. 7-14 David, reproved by Natha, confesses his sin, and is pardoned 15-23 David mourns and prays for the child while it lives 24,25 Solomon is born, and named Jedidiah 26-31 David takes Rabbah, and tortures the people thereof There is nothing in this parable which requires illustration. Its bent is evident; and it was wisely constructed, by not having too near a resemblence, to make David unwittingly pass sentence on himself. The parable was in David's hand what his own letter was in the hands of the brave Uriah. Nathan at length closed in with him in the application of it. In beginning with a parable he shewed his prudence, and great need there is of prudence in giving reproof; but now he speaks as an ambassador from God. He reminds David of the great things God had designed and done for him, and then charges him with a high contempt of the Divine authority, and threatens an entail of judgments upon his family for this sin. Those who despise the word and law of God, despise God himself, and will assuredly suffer for such contempt. 16246-900730-2236-2Sa12.2 16247-900730-2236-2Sa12.3 16248-900730-2237-2Sa12.4 16249-900730-2239-2Sa12.5 16250-900730-2239-2Sa12.6 16251-900730-2240-2Sa12.7 16252-900730-2241-2Sa12.8 16253-900730-2243-2Sa12.9 16254-900730-2245-2Sa12.10 16255-900730-2249-2Sa12.11 That is, in the course of my providence I will {permit} this to be done. Such phrases in Scripture do not mean that God either does or can do evil himself; but only that he {permits} such evil to be done as he foresaw would be done, and which, {had he pleased}, he might have prevented. 16256-900731-1922-2Sa12.12 16257-900731-1925-2Sa12.13 16258-900731-1927-2Sa12.14 16259-900731-1927-2Sa12.15 16260-900731-1929-2Sa12.16 16261-900731-1929-2Sa12.17 16262-900731-1929-2Sa12.18 16264-900731-1930-2Sa12.20 16265-900731-1931-2Sa12.21 16266-900731-1932-2Sa12.22 16267-900731-1932-2Sa12.23 16268-900731-1933-2Sa12.24 16269-900731-1934-2Sa12.25 16270-900731-1946-2Sa12.26 Rabbah, or Rabbath -Ammon, also called Philadelphia, from Ptolemy Philadelphus, king of Egypt, was situated east of Jordan, and, according to Eusebius, ten miles east from jazer. It is sometimes mentioned as belonging to Arabia, sometimes to Coelo -Syria; and was one of the cities of the Decapolis east of Jordan. Josephus extends the region of Perea as far as Philadelphia. It is now, says Burchhardt, called Amman, distant about 19 miles to the S. E. by E. of Szalt, and lies along the banks of a river called Moiet Amman, which has its source in a pond, at a few hundred paces from the south-western end of the town, and empties itself in the Zerka, or Jabbok, about four hours to the northward. This river runs in a valley bordered on both sides by barren hills of flint, which advance on the south side close to the edge of the stream. The edifices which still remain, though in a decaying state, from being built of a calcarerous stone of moderate hardness, sufficiently attest the former greatness and splendour of this metropolis of the children of Ammon. 16271-900731-1947-2Sa12.27 Probably that part of the city situated near the pond, from which the rest received their water. 16272-900731-1948-2Sa12.28 16274-900731-1956-2Sa12.30 If this talent was only {seven pounds}, as Whiston says, David might have carried it on his head with little difficulty; but this weight, according to common computation, would amount to nearly {114 pounds!} Some, therefore, think, that {mishkelah} should be taken for its {value}, not {weight}; which renders it perfectly plain, as the worth of the crown will be about 5074l.15s.7d. sterling. The ancients mention several such large crowns, made more for sight than use. Athenaeus describes a crown of gold that was 24 feet in circumference; and mentions others that were two, some four, and others five feet deep. Pliny takes notice of some that were no less than eight pounds weight. Besides the crown usually worn, it was customary for kings, in some nations, to have such large ones as described, either hung or supported over the throne, where they sat at their coronation or other solemn occasions. 16275-900731-1958-2Sa12.31 Rather, as the particle () frequently signifies, `And he put them {to} saws, and {to} harrows, and {to} axes,' as we say, {to put a person to the plough, to the anvil, to the last, etc.} 16276-900731-2025-2Sa13.1 sick, ravishes her. 15-18 He hates her, and shamefully turns her away 19-22 Absalom entertains her, and conceals his purpose 23-30 At a sheep-shering among all the king's sons, he kills Amnon 31-36 David grieving at the news, is comforted by Jonadab 37-39 Absalom flies to Talmai at Geshur 16277-900731-2027-2Sa13.2 Amnon. 16278-900731-2028-2Sa13.3 16279-900731-2030-2Sa13.4 16280-900731-2030-2Sa13.5 16281-900731-2031-2Sa13.6 16283-900731-2040-2Sa13.8 prepare cakes, pastry, etc. in their apartments; and some few particular dishes are cooked by themselves, but not in their apartments: on such occasions, they go to some room near the kitchen.' Rather, as Mr. Parrhurst renders, `and tossed it (wattelabbaiv) in his sight, and dressed the {tossed cakes} (halleveevoth).' This will receive illustration from the account which Mr. Jackson gives of the Arabian manner of kneading and baking. `They have a small place built with clay, between two and three feet high, having a hole at the bottom for the convenience of drawing out the ashes, something similar to that of a brick-kiln. The oven is usually about fifteen inches wide at top, and gradually grows wider to the bottom. It is heated with wood; and when sufficiently hot, and perfectly clear from smoke, having nothing but clear embers at bottom, which continue to reflect great heat, they prepare the dough in a large bowl, and mould the cakes to the desired size on a board or stone placed near the oven. After they have kneaded the cake to a proper consistency, they pat it a little, then {toss it about} with great dexterity in one hand till it is as thin as they choose to make it. They then wet one side of it with water, at the same time wetting the hand and arm with which they put it into the oven.' 16284-900731-2041-2Sa13.9 16285-900731-2041-2Sa13.10 16286-900731-2042-2Sa13.11 16287-900731-2043-2Sa13.12 16288-900731-2044-2Sa13.13 16289-900731-2045-2Sa13.14 16290-900731-2045-2Sa13.15 16293-900731-2046-2Sa13.18 16294-900731-2047-2Sa13.19 16295-900731-2048-2Sa13.20 16296-900731-2051-2Sa13.21 would not grieve the soul of Amnon his son, for he loved him because he was his first-born.' The same addition is found in Josephus' and it is probable that it once formed a part of the Hebrew text. 16297-900731-2053-2Sa13.22 16298-900731-2054-2Sa13.23 16299-900731-2054-2Sa13.24 16300-900731-2055-2Sa13.25 16301-900731-2057-2Sa13.26 He urged this with the more plausibility because Amnon was the first-born, and presumptive heir to the crown; and he had dissembled his resentment so long and so well that he was not suspected. 16302-900731-2057-2Sa13.27 16303-900731-2100-2Sa13.28 16304-900731-2102-2Sa13.29 16306-900731-2102-2Sa13.31 16307-900731-2105-2Sa13.32 This was a very bad man: he had given his cousin Amnon the most detestable advice; and here speaks coolly of a most bloody tragedy of which he had been the cause. 16308-900731-2105-2Sa13.33 16309-900731-2106-2Sa13.34 16310-900731-2109-2Sa13.35 16311-900731-2110-2Sa13.36 16312-900731-2112-2Sa13.37 As Absalom had committed wilful murder, he could not avail himself of a city of refuge; but he went to Talmai, king of Geshur, his maternal grandfather. 16313-900731-2115-2Sa13.38 This was the {Geshur} lying between Philistia and Egypt whose inhabitants are joined with those of Maachathi 16314-900731-2116-2Sa13.39 16315-900731-2120-2Sa14.1 king's heart to fetch home Absalom, brings him to Jerusalem 25-27 Absalom's beauty, hair, and children 28-33 After two years, Absalom is brought into the king's presence by Joab 16316-900731-2123-2Sa14.2 Teloah was a city of Judah, situated, according to Eusebius and Jerome, twelve miles outh of Jerusalem. Josephus says it was not far from the castle of Herodium. and Jerome (Prologue to Amos) says it stood on a hill six miles south from Bethlehem. Dr. Poccocke places it at the same distance; and says there are still considerable ruins on the top of a hill, which is about half a mile long a furlong broad. 16317-900731-2123-2Sa14.3 16318-900731-2124-2Sa14.4 16319-900731-2136-2Sa14.5 It is very possible that the principal incidents mentioned here were real; and that Joab found out a person whose circumstances both had near resemblence to that which he wished to represent. She did not make the similtude too plain and visible, lest the king should see her intention before she had obtained a grant of pardon; and thus her circumstances, her mournful take, her widow's dress, her aged person, (for Josephus says she was advanced in years,) and her impressive manner, all combined to make one united irresistable impression on the heart of the aged monarch. 16320-900731-2137-2Sa14.6 16321-900731-2139-2Sa14.7 16322-900731-2140-2Sa14.8 16323-900731-2141-2Sa14.9 16325-900731-2143-2Sa14.11 16326-900731-2144-2Sa14.12 16327-900731-2145-2Sa14.13 16328-900731-2148-2Sa14.14 hath also devised means, etc. 16331-900731-2154-2Sa14.17 This is very much like the hyperbolical language which is addressed by the Hindoos to an European when they desire to obtain something from him: `Saheb,' they say, `can do every thing. No one can prevent the execution of Saheb's commands. Saheb is God. ' Though the expression may be imputed to the hyperbolical genius of these countries, yet there was, perhaps, more of real persuasion than we are apt to suppose. Sir John Chardin states, that having found fault with the king of Persia's valuation of a rich trinket, the grand master told him that if a Persian had dared to have done such a thing, it would have been as much as his life was worth. `Know,' said he, `that the kings of Persia have a general and full knowledge of matters, as sure as it is extensive; and that, equally in the greatest and smallest things, there is nothing more just and sure than what they pronounce.' 16332-900924-2037-2Sa14.18 16333-900924-2040-2Sa14.19 16334-900924-2042-2Sa14.20 16335-900924-2044-2Sa14.21 16336-900924-2047-2Sa14.22 16337-900924-2048-2Sa14.23 16338-900924-2052-2Sa14.24 16339-900924-2106-2Sa14.25 in all Israel to praise greatly. 16340-900924-2125-2Sa14.26 shekel, the amount will be utterly incredible; for Josephus says that 'two hundred shekels make five mina, he says, 'weighs two pounds and a half; which calculation makes Absalom's hair weigh twelve pounds and a half! But it is probable that the king's shekel was that which Epiphanius and Hesychius say was the Fourth part of an ounce, half a stater, or two drachms; the whole amount, therefore, of the 200 shekels is about 50 ounces, which make 4 lb. 2 oz.troy weight, or 3 lb.2 oz.avoirdupois. This need not be accounted incredible, especially as abundance of oil and ointment was used by the ancients in dressing their heads. Josephus informs us, that the Jews also put gold dust in their hair. 16341-900924-2129-2Sa14.27 16342-900924-2144-2Sa14.28 16343-900924-2145-2Sa14.29 16344-900924-2147-2Sa14.30 16346-900924-2149-2Sa14.32 16347-900924-2151-2Sa14.33 16348-900804-2109-2Sa15.1 of Israel. 7-9 By pretense of a vow, he obtains leave to go to Hebron 10-12 He makes there a great conspiracy 13-18 David upon the news flees from Jerusalem 19-23 Ittai will leave him 24-29 Zadok and Abiathar are sent back with the ark 30 David and his company go up mount Olivet weeping, 31 He curses Ahitophel's counsel 32-37 Hushai is sent back with instructions 16349-900804-2110-2Sa15.2 16350-900804-2111-2Sa15.3 16351-900804-2112-2Sa15.4 16352-900804-2113-2Sa15.5 16353-900804-2113-2Sa15.6 16354-900804-2119-2Sa15.7 As David reigned in the whole only forty years, this reading is evidently corrupt, though supported by the commonly printed Vulgate, LXX., and Chaldee. but the Syriac, Arabic, Josephus, and several MSS of the same version, read FOUR years; and it is highly probable that {arbaim}, FORTY, is an error for {arba}, FOUR, though not supported by any Hebrew MS yet discovered. Two of those collated by Dr. Kennicott, however, have {yom}, `day' instead of {shanah}, `year', i.e., {forty days} instead of {forty years}; but this is not sufficient to outweigh the other authorities. 16355-900804-2120-2Sa15.8 16356-900804-2121-2Sa15.9 16357-900807-1958-2Sa15.10 16358-900804-2123-2Sa15.11 16359-900804-2126-2Sa15.12 16360-900804-2126-2Sa15.13 16361-900804-2127-2Sa15.14 16362-900804-2128-2Sa15.15 16363-900804-2130-2Sa15.16 16364-900804-2130-2Sa15.17 16365-900804-2131-2Sa15.18 16366-900804-2132-2Sa15.19 16367-900804-2133-2Sa15.20 16368-900804-2135-2Sa15.21 16369-900804-2136-2Sa15.22 Sir John Chardin informs us,in a MS note on this place, that it is usual with the greatest part of the eastern people, especially the Arabs, to carry their whole family with them when they go to war. 16370-900804-2141-2Sa15.23 The brook {Kidron}, which is but a few paces broad, runs along the valley of Jehosaphat, east of Jerusalem, to the south-west corner of the city, and then, turning to the south-east, empties itself into the Dead Sea. Like the Ilissus, it is dry at least nine months in the year, being only furnished with water in the winter, and after heavy rains: its bed is narrow and deep, which indicates that it must formerly have been the channel for waters which have found some other, and probably subterraneous course. 16371-900804-2142-2Sa15.24 16372-900804-2144-2Sa15.25 16373-900804-2146-2Sa15.26 16374-900804-2147-2Sa15.27 16375-900804-2147-2Sa15.28 16377-900804-2156-2Sa15.30 Mount Olivet, so called its abounding with olive trees, is situated east of Jerusalem, being separated from it only by the valley of Jehosaphat and the brook Kidron. Josephus says it is five stadia, i.e, 625 geometrical paces from Jerusalem; and St. Luke (Ac 1.12) says it is a Sabbath day's journey, or about eight stadia distant, i.e, to the summit. It forms part of a ridge of limestone hills, extending from north to south for about a mile; and it is described as having three, or, according to others, four summits; the central and highest of which overlooks the whole of the city, over whose street and walls the eye roves as if in the survey of a model. This practice was only practiced by persons in great distress, or when convicted of great {crimes.} Thus Darius, when informed by Tyriotes, the eunuch, that his queen was dead, and that she had suffered no violence from Alexander, {covered his head}, and wept a long time; then throwing off the the garment that covered him, he thanked the gods for Alexander's moderation and justice. 16378-900804-2159-2Sa15.31 16379-900804-2201-2Sa15.32 16380-900804-2201-2Sa15.33 16381-900804-2202-2Sa15.34 16382-900804-2203-2Sa15.35 16383-900804-2203-2Sa15.36 16384-900804-2204-2Sa15.37 16385-900804-2211-2Sa16.1 inheritance 5-8 At Bahurim Shimei curse David 9-14 David with patience abstains, and restrains others, from revenge 15-19 Hushai insinuates himself into Absalom's counsel 20-23 Ahitophel's counsel These were probably pumpions, cucumbers, or water-melons; the two latter being extensively used in the East to refresh travellers in the buring heat of the summer; and probably, as Mr. harmer supposes, called {summer fruits} on this very account. 16386-900804-2221-2Sa16.2 The asses. This is the eastern mode of speaking when presenting any thing to a great man: `This is for the slaves of the servants of your majesty;' when at the same time the presents are intended for the sovereign himself, and it is so understood. 16387-900804-2222-2Sa16.3 16388-900804-2224-2Sa16.4 16389-900804-2228-2Sa16.5 This place is supposed to be the same as {Almon} (Jos 21.18) and {Almeth} (1ch 6.60,) a city of Benjamin, north of Jersualem, and apparently not far from Olivet. 16391-900804-2230-2Sa16.7 16392-900804-2231-2Sa16.8 16393-900804-2232-2Sa16.9 16394-900804-2233-2Sa16.10 16395-900804-2235-2Sa16.11 16396-900804-2237-2Sa16.12 16397-900804-2243-2Sa16.13 lay the dust before a person of distinction, by sprinkling the ground with water. Dr. Pococke and the consul were treated with this respect when they entered Cairo. The same custom is alluded to in the well-known fable of Phaedrus, in which a slave is represented going before Augustus and officiously lay the dust. To throw dust in the air while a person was passing was therefore an act of great disrespect; to do so before a sovereign prince, an indecent outrage. But it is probable that Shimei meant more than disrespect and outrage to his afflicted king. Sir John Chardin informs us, that in the East, in general, those who demand justice against a criminal throw dust upon him, signifying that he ought to be put in the grave: and hence the connon imprecation among the Turks and Persians, `Be covered with earth,' or `Earth be upon thy head.' 16398-900804-2243-2Sa16.14 16399-900804-2243-2Sa16.15 16400-900804-2244-2Sa16.16 16401-900804-2245-2Sa16.17 16402-900804-2246-2Sa16.18 16403-900804-2246-2Sa16.19 16404-900804-2247-2Sa16.20 16405-900804-2249-2Sa16.21 16406-900804-2250-2Sa16.22 16407-900804-2255-2Sa16.23 The first counsel of this sagacious but wicked man to Absalom was more like an {oracle of Satan}, both for subtlety and atrocity. He advised the shameless measure just detailed, in order to establish Absalom, and to preclude the possiblility of a reconciliation with David. The wives of a conquered king were always the property of the conqueror; and in possessing these he appeared to possess the right to the kingdom. 16408-900804-2258-2Sa17.1 God's appointment 15-22 Secret intelligence is sent unto David 23,24 Ahithophel hangs himself 25,26 Amasa is made captain 27-29 David at Mahanaim is furnished with provisions 16409-900804-2258-2Sa17.2 16410-900804-2259-2Sa17.3 16411-900804-2300-2Sa17.4 16412-900804-2301-2Sa17.5 16413-900804-2301-2Sa17.6 16414-900804-2302-2Sa17.7 16415-900804-2305-2Sa17.8 16416-900804-2306-2Sa17.9 16417-900804-2308-2Sa17.10 16418-900804-2309-2Sa17.11 16419-900804-2313-2Sa17.12 This is a very beautiful and expressive figure. The dew in Palestine, and other warm climates, falls fast, sudden, and heavy; and it falls upon evry spot of earth, so that not a blade of grass escapes it. It is therefore no inapt emblem of a numerous and active army; and it was, perhaps, for this reason that the Romans called their light armed forces {rorarii.} 16420-900804-2314-2Sa17.13 In the same manner the king of Maturan, in Java, proposed pulling down a tower which the Dutch had built, by making his people and elephants pull at a number of chains, and ropes of cocoa-nut bark, thrown around it. 16421-900804-2318-2Sa17.14 16422-900804-2318-2Sa17.15 16423-900804-2319-2Sa17.16 16424-900804-2321-2Sa17.17 16425-900804-2321-2Sa17.18 16426-900804-2322-2Sa17.19 16427-900804-2323-2Sa17.20 16428-900804-2323-2Sa17.21 16429-900804-2325-2Sa17.22 16430-900804-2326-2Sa17.23 16431-900804-2327-2Sa17.24 16432-900804-2328-2Sa17.25 16433-900804-2329-2Sa17.26 16434-900804-2330-2Sa17.27 16435-900804-2338-2Sa17.28 These no doubt consisted of skins of beasts, mats, carpets, and such like. probably wooden bowls, such as the Arabs still eat out of, and knead their bread in. {Keley yotzair}, literally, `vessels of the potter.' So when Dr. Perry visited the temple of Luxor in Egypt, he says, `We were entertained by the Caliph here with great civility and favour; he sent us, in return of our presents, several sheep, a good quantity of eggs, bardacks,' etc. The {bardacks} he informs us, were earthen vessels, us `to cool and refresh their water in, by means of which it drinks very cool and pleasant in the hottest seasons of the year.' See Harmer, ch. vi. Mr. Jones says, `Travellers use {zumeet, tumeet, and limerceece. } Zumeet is flour mixed with honey, butter, and spice; tumeet is flour done up with organ oil: and limereece is flour mixed with water, for drink. This quenches thirst much better than water alone, satisfies a hungry appetite; cools and refreshes tired and weary spirits,' etc. 16436-900804-2339-2Sa17.29 16437-900805-0823-2Sa18.1 Absalom 6-8 The israelites are sorely smitten in the wood of ephraim 9-17 Absalom, hanging in an oak is slain by Joab, and cast into a pit 18 Absalom's place 19-32 Ahimaoz and Cushi bring tidings to David 33 David mourns for Absalom 16438-900805-0825-2Sa18.2 16439-900805-0829-2Sa18.3 The particle {dittah}, NOW, is doubtless a mistake for the pronoun {attah}, THOU: and so it appears to have been read by the LXX. Vulgate, and Chaldee, and by {two} of Kennicott's and De Rossi's MSS 16440-900805-0830-2Sa18.4 David's small compnay, by this time, was greatly recruited; but what its number was we cannot tell. Josephus says it amounted only to 4000 men. 16441-900805-0831-2Sa18.5 16442-900805-0833-2Sa18.6 The wood of Ephraim was evidently beyoind Jordan, and apparently not far from Mahanaim; and it is supposed to be the place where the Ephraimites were slain by Jephthah 16443-900805-0834-2Sa18.7 16444-900805-0837-2Sa18.8 That is, probably, many more were slain in pursuit through the wood than in the battle, by falling into swamps, pits, etc., and being entangled and cut down by David's men. Such is the relation of Josephus; but the Chaldee, Syriac, and Arabic state, that they were {devoured by wild beasts} in the wood. 16445-900805-0844-2Sa18.9 Riding furiously under the thick boughs of a great oak, which hung low and had never been cropped, either the twisted branches, or some low forked bough of the tree, caught him by the neck, or, as some think, by the loops into which his long hair had been pinned, which had been so much his pride, and was now justly made a halter for him. He may have hung so low from the bough, in consequence of the length of his hair, that he could not use his hands to help himself, or so entangled that his hands were bound, so that the more he struggled the more he was embarrassed. This set him up as a fair mark to the servants of David; and although David would have spared his rebellious son, if his orders had been executed, yet he could not turn the sword of Divine justice, in executing the just, righteous sentence of death on this traitorous son. 16448-900805-0846-2Sa18.12 16449-900805-0847-2Sa18.13 16450-900805-0848-2Sa18.14 16452-900805-0849-2Sa18.16 16453-900805-0854-2Sa18.17 This was the ancient method of burying, whether heroes or traitors; the heap of stones being designed to perpetuate the memory of the event, whether good or bad. The Arabs in general make use of no other monument than a {heap of stones} over a grave. Thus, in an Arabic poem, it is related, that Hatim the father, and Adi the grandfather of Kais was capable of reflection, his mother kept it a profound secret; and in order to guard him against having any suspicion, whe collected a parcel of stone on two hillocks in the neighborhood, and told her son that the one was the grave of his father, and the other of his grandfather. The ancient {cairns} in Ireland and Scotland, and the {tumuli} in England, are of this kind. 16454-900805-0858-2Sa18.18 Josephus says there was in his time, about two furlongs from Jerusalem, a marble pillar called {Absalom's hand}, as it is in the Hebrew, (See note on 1Sa 15.12;) and there is one shewn to the present day, in the valley of Jehosephat, which, though comparitively a modern structure, probably occupies the site of the original one set up by Absalom. 16455-900805-0859-2Sa18.19 16456-900805-0900-2Sa18.20 16458-900805-0901-2Sa18.22 16459-900805-0901-2Sa18.23 16460-900805-0902-2Sa18.24 16463-900805-0903-2Sa18.27 16464-900805-0907-2Sa18.28 This act was not only in reverence to the king, but in humble adoration of Dod, whose name he praises for this victory. The more our hearts are fixed and enlarged, in thanksgiving to God for our mercies, the better disposed we shall be to bear with patience the afflictions mixed with them. 16465-900805-0908-2Sa18.29 16467-900805-0912-2Sa18.31 He was an Ethiopian, as his name signifies, and some think he was so by birth--a black, who waited on Joab, probably one of the ten who had helped to dispatch Absalom; though it was dangerous for one of those to bring the news to David, lest his fate should be same with theirs that reported the death of Saul and Ishbosheth to him. 16468-900805-0913-2Sa18.32 Thus Cushi obliquely and slowly informs David of the death of his son Absalom. 16469-900805-0914-2Sa18.33 16470-900805-0917-2Sa19.1 9,10 The Israelites are earnest to bring the king back 11-17 David sends to the priest to incite them of Judah 18-23 Shimei is pardoned 24-31 Mephibosheth excused 32-40 Barzillai dismissed, and Chimham his son taken into the king's family 41-43 The Israelites expostulate with Judah for bringing home the king without them 16471-900805-0919-2Sa19.2 16472-900805-0919-2Sa19.3 16473-900805-0921-2Sa19.4 It is allowed by competent ctitics that the lamentation of David over his son, of which this forms a part, is exceedingly pathetic; and Calmet properly remarks, that the frequent repitition of the name of the deceased is connon in the language of lamentation. 16474-900805-0923-2Sa19.5 Every one must admit that David's immoderate grief for his rebellious son was imprudent, and that Joab's firm and sensible reproof was necessary to arouse him to a sense of his duty to his people: but, in his {manner}, Joab far exceeded the the bounds of that reverence which a servant owes to his master, or a subject to his prince. 16475-900805-0925-2Sa19.6 16476-900805-0926-2Sa19.7 16477-900805-0931-2Sa19.8 How prudently and mildly David took the reproof and counsel given him! He shook off his grief, anointed his head, and washed his face, that he might not appear unto men to mourn, and then made his appearance at the gate of the city, which was the public place of resort for the hearing of causes and giving judgment, as well as a place to ratify special bargains. Thither the people flocked to congratulate him on his and their safety, and that all was well. When we are convinced of a fault, we must amend, though we are told of it by our inferiors in a way which is peculiarly painful to our natural feelings. This ancient custom still obtains in the East; for when Dr. Pococke returned from viewing the town of ancient Byblus, he says, `The shiek and the elders were sitting in the gate of the city, after the ancient manner, and I sat awhile with them.' 16478-900805-0932-2Sa19.9 16479-900805-0933-2Sa19.10 16480-900805-0934-2Sa19.11 16481-900805-0934-2Sa19.12 16482-900805-0935-2Sa19.13 16483-900805-0937-2Sa19.14 The measures that he pursued were the best calculated that could be adopted for accomplishing this sautary end. David appears to take no notice of their infidelity, but rather to place confidence in them, that their confidence in him might be naturally excited; and to oblige them yet farther, purposes to make Amasa general of the army, instead of Joab. 16484-900805-0938-2Sa19.15 16485-900805-1422-2Sa19.16 It appears that Shimei was a powerful chieftan in the land, for he had here in his retinue no less than a thousand men. 16486-900805-1423-2Sa19.17 16487-900805-1426-2Sa19.18 The LXX. connecting this with preceding verse, render, () `and they made ready jordan before the king, and did the necessary service to bring over the king;' and the Vulgate has, `and breaking into Jordan, they passed the fords before the king, to bring over the king's household.' Josephus says they prepared a {bridge} over the Jordan, to faciltate his passage. 16488-900805-1427-2Sa19.19 16489-900805-1428-2Sa19.20 16490-900805-1429-2Sa19.21 16491-900805-1430-2Sa19.22 16492-900805-1430-2Sa19.23 16493-900805-1438-2Sa19.24 Literally, {made his feet}, which seems to mean washing the feet paring the nails, and perhaps anointing or otherwise perfuming them, if not tinging the nails with {henna}; see Note on De 21. 12. Sir John Chardin, in his MS note on this place, informs us, that it is customary in the East to have as much care of the feet as the hands; and that their barbers cut and adjust the nails with a proper instrument, because they often go barefoot. The nails of the toes of the mummies inspected in London in 1763, of which an account is given in the Philosophical Transactions for 1764, seem to have been tinged with some reddish color. Literally, {made his beard}, which may mean, combing, curling, and perfuming it. but Mr. Morier says that they almost universally dye the beard black, by successive layers of a paste made of henna, and another made of the leaf of the indigo: the first tinging with an orange color, and the next with a dark bottle grre, which becomes jet black when exposed to the air for twenty-four hours. 16494-900805-1438-2Sa19.25 16495-900805-1439-2Sa19.26 16496-900805-1440-2Sa19.27 16497-900805-1440-2Sa19.28 16498-900805-1441-2Sa19.29 16499-900805-1441-2Sa19.30 16500-900805-1442-2Sa19.31 16501-900805-1443-2Sa19.32 16502-900805-1443-2Sa19.33 16503-900805-1444-2Sa19.34 life? 16504-900805-1445-2Sa19.35 16505-900805-1446-2Sa19.36 16506-900805-2225-2Sa19.37 The whole of this little episode is extremely interesting, and contains an affecting description of the infirmities of old age. The venerable and kind Barzillai was fourscore years old; his ear was become dull of hearing, and his {relish} for even royal dainties was gone: the evil days had arrived in which he was constrained to say, `I have no pleasure in them.' Ec 12.1 As he was too old either to enjoy the pleasures of a court, or to be of any further service to the king, he finishes his affecting address to the aged monarch with the request, that he would suffer him to enjoy what old men naturally desire, to `die in mine own city, be buried by the grave of my father and mother;' at the same time commending his son Chimham to his kind offices. 16507-900805-2226-2Sa19.38 16508-900805-2228-2Sa19.39 The kiss was the token of friendship and farewell; the blessing was a prayer to God for his prosperity: probably a prophetical benediction. 16509-900805-2229-2Sa19.40 16510-900805-2229-2Sa19.41 16511-900805-2230-2Sa19.42 16512-900805-2233-2Sa19.43 for their king, they would not have quarrelled so fiercely about their own credit and interest in recalling him, if they had been truly sorry for their former rebellion. 16513-900805-2238-2Sa20.1 3 David's ten concubines are put in confinement for life 4-13 Amasa, made captain over Judah, is slain by Joab 14,15 Joab pursues Sheba unto Abel 16-22 A wise woman saves the city by Sheba's head 23-26 David's officers 16514-900805-2239-2Sa20.2 16515-900805-2242-2Sa20.3 The confinement and retired maintenance of these women was the only measure which in justice and prudence could be adopted. In China, when an emperor dies, all his women are removed to an edifice called the {palace of chastity}, situated within the palace, in which they are shut up fo the remainder of their lives. 16516-900805-2243-2Sa20.4 16517-900805-2243-2Sa20.5 16518-900824-2154-2Sa20.6 16519-900806-2104-2Sa20.7 16520-900806-2105-2Sa20.8 16521-900806-2110-2Sa20.9 Thevenot says, that among the Turks it is a great afront to take one by the beard, unless it be to kiss him, in which case they often do it. D'arvieux, describing an assembly of Arab emirs at an entertainment, says, `After the usual civilities, caresses, {kissings of the beard}, and of the hand, which every one gave and received according to his rank and dignity, they sat down upon mats.' The doing this by the Arab emirs corresponds with the conduct of Joab, and illustrates this horrid assassination. 16522-900806-2112-2Sa20.10 16523-900806-2112-2Sa20.11 16524-900806-2113-2Sa20.12 16525-900806-2120-2Sa20.13 16526-900806-2120-2Sa20.14 Or rather, prabably, {Abel of Beth -Maachah}, as in the next verse. It appears, from Joab having marched `through all the tribes of Israel,' to have been situated in the northern confines of the land of Israel, and in the half tribe of Manasseh, east of Jordan, as that was the situation of Maachah, to which it belonged. This agrees with the situation of the {Abela} which Eusebius and Jerome place between Paneas, or Caesarea Philippi, and Damascus. Josephus says it was a fortified city, and a metropolis of the Israelites; and also that it belonged to the ten tribes, having been taken from the king of Damascus. 16527-900806-2124-2Sa20.15 So LXX. generally render {solelah}, by (); which latter is described by Potter as `a mount, which was raised so high as to equal, if not exceed, the top of the beseiged walls. The sides were walled in with bricks or stones, or secured with strong rafters; the fore part only, {being by degrees to be moved near the walls,} remained bare.' or, it stood against the outmost wall 16528-900806-2124-2Sa20.16 16529-900806-2125-2Sa20.17 16530-900806-2126-2Sa20.18 saying, Surely they will ask of Abel, and so make an end. 16531-900806-2128-2Sa20.19 16532-900806-2128-2Sa20.20 16533-900806-2130-2Sa20.21 16534-900806-2131-2Sa20.22 16535-900806-2132-2Sa20.23 16536-900806-2132-2Sa20.24 16537-900806-2133-2Sa20.25 16538-900806-2136-2Sa20.26 of David;} and so the Septuagint, Vulgate, Syriac, and Arabic. The chaldee hav {rav}, a chief or prince: probably he was a kind of {domestic chaplain} or {seer} to the king. 16539-900806-2141-2Sa21.1 seven of Saul's sons. 10,11 Rizpah's kindness unto the dead 12-14 David buries the bones of Saul and Jonathan in his father's sepulchre 15-22 Four battles against the Philistines, wherein four valiants of David slay four giants. 16540-900806-2143-2Sa21.2 The Gibeonites were Hivites, not Amorites, as appears from Jos 6.19; but Amorites is a name often given to the Canaanites in general. 16541-900806-2144-2Sa21.3 16542-900806-2146-2Sa21.4 with Saul, or his house; neither {pertains it} to us to kill, etc. 16543-900806-2146-2Sa21.5 16544-900806-2149-2Sa21.6 As God accepted the expiation here demanded, we must suppose that both the enquiry of David, and the answer of the Gibeonites, were directed by some open or secret intimation from him. 16545-900806-2150-2Sa21.7 16546-900806-2155-2Sa21.8 This Adriel did not marry Michal, Saul's younger daughter, but Merab it is here said {she bore} (yaledah,) not {brought up}, as falsely rendered, five sons to Adriel. Two of Dr. Kennicott's MSS., however, have {Merab}, instead of {Michal}; the Syriac and Arabic have {Nadab}; and the Cahalee renders the passage thus: `And the five sons of {Merab} which Michal the daughter of Saul brought up, which she brought up, which she brought forth to Adriel the son of Barzillai.' 16547-900806-2157-2Sa21.9 This happened in Judea about the vernal equinox, or 21st of March. 16548-900806-2200-2Sa21.10 Some suppose that this means a providential supply of {rain}, in order to remove the famine; but from the manner in which it is introduced, it seems to denote the {autumnal} rains, which commence about October. For five months did this broken-hearted woman watch by the bodies of her sons! 16549-900806-2200-2Sa21.11 16550-900806-2202-2Sa21.12 16552-900806-2204-2Sa21.14 16553-900806-2205-2Sa21.15 16554-900806-2207-2Sa21.16 16555-900806-2209-2Sa21.17 16556-900806-2210-2Sa21.18 16557-900806-2212-2Sa21.19 as in the parallel text, `and Elhanan the son of Jair, {slew} Lahmi the brother of Goliath.' 16558-900806-2213-2Sa21.20 16559-900806-2214-2Sa21.21 16560-900806-2215-2Sa21.22 16561-900807-1933-2Sa22.1 manifold blessings. 16562-900807-1933-2Sa22.2 16563-900807-1940-2Sa22.3 16564-900807-1942-2Sa22.4 16565-900807-1943-2Sa22.5 16566-900807-1944-2Sa22.6 16567-900807-1945-2Sa22.7 16568-900807-1946-2Sa22.8 16569-900807-1949-2Sa22.9 16570-900807-1950-2Sa22.10 16571-900807-1951-2Sa22.11 16572-900807-1951-2Sa22.12 16573-900807-1952-2Sa22.13 16574-900807-1953-2Sa22.14 16575-900807-1954-2Sa22.15 16576-900807-1955-2Sa22.16 16577-900807-1956-2Sa22.17 16578-900807-1956-2Sa22.18 16579-900807-1959-2Sa22.19 16580-900807-2000-2Sa22.20 16581-900807-2001-2Sa22.21 16582-900807-2002-2Sa22.22 16583-900807-2003-2Sa22.23 16584-900807-2004-2Sa22.24 16585-900807-2005-2Sa22.25 16586-900807-2006-2Sa22.26 16587-900807-2007-2Sa22.27 16588-900824-2155-2Sa22.28 16589-900807-2010-2Sa22.29 16590-900807-2011-2Sa22.30 16591-900807-2012-2Sa22.31 16592-900807-2013-2Sa22.32 16593-900807-2014-2Sa22.33 16594-900807-2015-2Sa22.34 16595-900807-2016-2Sa22.35 16596-900807-2017-2Sa22.36 16597-900807-2017-2Sa22.37 16598-900807-2018-2Sa22.38 16599-900807-2020-2Sa22.39 16600-900807-2021-2Sa22.40 16601-900807-2022-2Sa22.41 16602-900807-2023-2Sa22.42 16603-900807-2026-2Sa22.43 16604-900807-2028-2Sa22.44 16605-900807-2029-2Sa22.45 16606-900807-2030-2Sa22.46 16607-900807-2030-2Sa22.47 16608-900807-2031-2Sa22.48 16609-900807-2032-2Sa22.49 16610-900807-2033-2Sa22.50 16611-900807-2034-2Sa22.51 16612-900807-2045-2Sa23.1 promises to be beyond sense or experience 6,7 The different state of the wicked 8-39 A catalogue of David's mighty men 16613-900807-2045-2Sa23.2 16614-900807-2048-2Sa23.3 16615-900807-2049-2Sa23.4 16616-900807-2052-2Sa23.5 16617-900807-2052-2Sa23.6 16618-900807-2053-2Sa23.7 16619-900807-2059-2Sa23.8 three bashshaiveth tachkemoni}, we should read {yoshavam ben chachmoni,} Joshebeam, son of Hachmoni;' and instead of {hoo adino hadtzni}, {hoo orair eth chanitho,} `he lift up his spear,' which are the readings in the parallel place in Chronicles, where it is also, {three} hundred, instead of {eight} hundred. 16620-900807-2103-2Sa23.9 16621-900807-2105-2Sa23.10 16622-900807-2106-2Sa23.11 16623-900807-2106-2Sa23.12 16624-900807-2110-2Sa23.13 {shaloshim:} thirty shalishim, as it is iv ver. 8, and Ex 14.7: where LXX. render (), which Jerome (on Ezek 33) says `among the Greeks is the name of the second rank after the royal dignity.' 16625-900807-2111-2Sa23.14 16626-900807-2113-2Sa23.15 Bethlehem signifies the `house of bread,' and the place was likewise noted for excellent water. There Christ was born, who is the `bread of life,' and who also gives us the `water of life.' `The water that I shallgive him shall be in him a well of water springing up into everlasting life.' 16627-900807-2114-2Sa23.16 16628-900807-2115-2Sa23.17 16629-900807-2116-2Sa23.18 16630-900807-2117-2Sa23.19 16631-900807-2119-2Sa23.20 16632-900807-2120-2Sa23.21 16633-900807-2122-2Sa23.22 16634-900807-2123-2Sa23.23 16635-900807-2123-2Sa23.24 16636-900807-2124-2Sa23.25 16637-900807-2125-2Sa23.26 16638-900807-2127-2Sa23.27 16639-900807-2128-2Sa23.28 16640-900807-2129-2Sa23.29 16641-900807-2130-2Sa23.30 16642-900807-2131-2Sa23.31 16643-900807-2146-2Sa23.32 16644-900807-2147-2Sa23.33 16645-900807-2147-2Sa23.34 16646-900807-2148-2Sa23.35 16647-900807-2148-2Sa23.36 16648-900807-2149-2Sa23.37 16649-900807-2149-2Sa23.38 16650-900807-2152-2Sa23.39 thirty-seven, it is almost self-evident that {shalishim} cannot denote the thirty, as rendered in ver. 13, etc., but some particular description of men, or officer; for it can scarcely be said, with propriety, that we have thirty-seven out of thirty; and besides, in the parallel place in 1st Chronicles, there are sixteen added! 16651-900807-2204-2Sa24.1 5-9 The captains, in nine months and twenty days, bring the muster of thirteen hundred thousand fighting men 10-14 David repents, and having three plagues propounded by God, chooses the three days' pestilence 15-17 After the death of three score and ten thousand, David by prayer prevents the destruction of Jerusalem 18-25 David, by God's direction, purchases Araunah's threshing floor; where having sacrificed, the plague stays. This verse, when read without reference to any other part of the word of God, is very difficult to understand, and has been used by those who desire to undermine the justice of God, to shew that he sought occasion to punish--that he incited David to sin; and when he has so incited him, gave to him the dreadful alternative of choosing one of three scourges by which his people were to be cut off. On the face of the passage these thoughts naturally arise, because `the Lord' is antecedent to the pronoun `he'- -He moved David. But to those who `search the Scriptures,' this exceedingly difficult passage receives a wonderful elucidation, By referring to 1Ch 21.1, the reader will there find that {Satan was the mover}, and that the Lord most righteously punished David for the display of pride he had manifested. Oh! that Christians, who sometimes have their minds harassed with doubts, would remember the promise, that what they know not now they shall know hereafter, and if no other instance of elucidation than this passage occurred to them to remove thier doubts, let this be a means of stirring them up to dig deeper than ever into the inexhaustable mines of the Inspired Word. 16652-900807-2208-2Sa24.2 We know not in what the sinfulness of this action consisted. Some think it was contempt of the promise that the Israelites should be innumerable, and that they ought not to have been numbered without an express command, as in the days of Moses. Others suppose with Josephus that it was a kind of sacrilege, in omitting to collect the half-shekel apeiece for the use of the santuary. It however would appear that pride and ambition, and a desire of conquest, induced David to this measure, and rendered it so displeasing to God. 16653-900807-2209-2Sa24.3 16654-900807-2209-2Sa24.4 16655-900807-2210-2Sa24.5 16656-900807-2212-2Sa24.6 16657-900807-2213-2Sa24.7 16659-900807-2213-2Sa24.9 16660-900807-2216-2Sa24.10 16661-900807-2217-2Sa24.11 16662-900807-2218-2Sa24.12 16663-900807-2219-2Sa24.13 16664-900807-2221-2Sa24.14 16665-900807-2222-2Sa24.15 16666-900807-2225-2Sa24.16 16667-900807-2226-2Sa24.17 16668-900807-2228-2Sa24.18 These, among the ancient Jews, were only round, level plats of ground in the open air, as they are to this day in the East, where the corn was trodden out by oxen. 16669-900807-2229-2Sa24.19 16670-900807-2229-2Sa24.20 16671-900807-2230-2Sa24.21 16672-900807-2231-2Sa24.22 16673-900807-2232-2Sa24.23 16674-900807-2233-2Sa24.24 16675-900807-2234-2Sa24.25 16676-900809-2010-1Ki1.1 5-10 Adonijah, David's darling, usurps the kingdom 11-14 By the council of Nathan 15-21 Bath-sheba moves the king 22-27 And Nathan seconds her 28-31 David renews his oath to Bath-sheba 32-40 Solomon, by David's appointment, being anointed king by Zadok and Nathan, the people triumph 41-49 Jonathan bringing the news, Adonijah's guests fly 50-53 Adonijah, flying to the horns of the altar, upon his good behaviour, is dismissed by Solomon David was probably now about {sixty-nine} years of age. He was {thirty} years old when he began to reign, reigned {forty}, and {died} in his {seventieth} year; and the tranactions mentioned here are supposed to have taken place about a year before his death. Sixty-nine was not an advanced age; but he had been exhausted with various fatigues, and expecially family afflictions, so that he was much older in constitution than in years. 16677-900809-2020-1Ki1.2 16678-900809-2021-1Ki1.3 16679-900809-2021-1Ki1.4 16680-900809-2023-1Ki1.5 16681-900809-2024-1Ki1.6 16682-900809-2026-1Ki1.7 16683-900809-2028-1Ki1.8 16684-900809-2030-1Ki1.9 The Oriental banquet, in consequence of the intense heat, is often spread upon the verdant turf, beneath the shade of a tree, where the streaming rivulet supplies the company with wholesome water, and excites a gentle breeze to cool their burning temples. 16685-900809-2030-1Ki1.10 16686-900809-2031-1Ki1.11 16687-900809-2032-1Ki1.12 16688-900809-2034-1Ki1.13 16689-900809-2034-1Ki1.14 16690-900809-2034-1Ki1.15 16691-900809-2035-1Ki1.16 16692-900809-2038-1Ki1.17 It is not recorded when or upon what occasion David sware to Bathsheba that Solomon should succeed him; but it is supposed, with some degree of probability, that it took place after Absalom's rebellion; and as God himself had settled the succession, he might very properly giver her this assurance. 16693-900809-2038-1Ki1.18 16694-900809-2039-1Ki1.19 16695-900809-2042-1Ki1.20 At this time the monarchy of Israel was {unsettled}; now man knew who was to succeed to the crown; and the minds of the people were as unsettled as as the succession. It was neither {hereditary nor elective}: the king, as was anciently the case in most countries, {named} his successor; but in this instance, God had already assigned the throne to Solomon. 16696-900809-2045-1Ki1.21 That is, when Adonijah is established on the throne, I and my son Solomon shall be put to death as state criminals. The history of the world demonstrates, that the lust of dominion has tempted men to commit the most enormous crimes. A father has destroyed his son, a son deposed a father, and a brother mnurdered a brother, in order to obtain a crown! 16697-900809-2045-1Ki1.22 16698-900809-2045-1Ki1.23 16699-900809-2046-1Ki1.24 16700-900809-2047-1Ki1.25 16701-900809-2048-1Ki1.26 16702-900809-2048-1Ki1.27 16703-900809-2049-1Ki1.28 She appears to have gone out when Nathan entered; and he retired when she was readmitted. 16704-900809-2051-1Ki1.29 16705-900809-2051-1Ki1.30 16706-900809-2052-1Ki1.31 16707-900809-2052-1Ki1.32 16708-900809-2055-1Ki1.33 Maimonides informs us, that it was a capital offence for any one to ride on the king's mule, to sit on his throne, or to handle his sceptre, without permission; and as David ordered Solomon to ride on his own mule, etc, it was ample evidence that he had appointed him his successor. 16709-900809-2057-1Ki1.34 16710-900809-2058-1Ki1.35 16711-900809-2059-1Ki1.36 16712-900809-2101-1Ki1.37 16713-900809-2103-1Ki1.38 16714-900809-2104-1Ki1.39 16715-900809-2114-1Ki1.40 We use a similar expression in precisely the same sense: `They {rent the air} with their cries.' 16716-900809-2116-1Ki1.41 16717-900809-2116-1Ki1.42 16718-900809-2117-1Ki1.43 16719-900809-2127-1Ki1.44 16720-900809-2126-1Ki1.45 This was a fountain on the west of Jerusalem, (consequently in an opposite direction to En-rogel on the east, where Adonijah was proclaimed king,) of which there were two pools, and upper and a lower. (2ch 32.30) There is a large square cistern in the ravine west of the city, mentioned by Dr. Richardson as a little to the south of the jaffa gate, which Dr. Pococke deescribes as a bais about 250 paces long and 100 braod. it is commonly called the pool of Bathsheba, but seem to be the lower pool of Gihon. `Nearly a mile to the N.N.W. is the pool of Gihon, which I suppose to be the upper pool. It is a very large basin, and, if I mistake not, is cut down about ten feet into the rock, there being a way down to it by steps. It was almost dry at that time, and seems designed to receive the rain waters shich come from the hills about it. There is a canal from the pool to the city, which is uncovered part of the way, and, it is said, goes to the pool in the streets near the holy sepulchre. The fountain of Gihon arose either in the upper pool, or out of the high ground above it.' Travels, book i ch. 6. 16721-900809-2127-1Ki1.46 16722-900809-2128-1Ki1.47 16723-900809-2130-1Ki1.48 16724-900809-2130-1Ki1.49 16725-900809-2131-1Ki1.50 16727-900809-2132-1Ki1.52 16728-900809-2133-1Ki1.53 16729-900809-2139-1Ki2.1 3,4 of religiousness 5,6 of Joab 7 of Barzillai 8,9 of Shimei 10,11 Solomon succeeds 12 Adonijah, moving Bath-sheba to sue unto Solomon for Abishag, 13-25 is put to death 26,27 Abiathar, having his life given him, is deprived of the priesthood 28-34 Joab fleeing to the horns of the altar, is there slain 35 Beniah is put in Joab's room, and Zadfok in Abiathar's 36-46 Shimei, confined to Jerusalem, by occasion of going thence to Gath, is put to death. 16730-900809-2141-1Ki2.2 16731-900809-2144-1Ki2.3 16732-900809-2147-1Ki2.4 16733-900809-2148-1Ki2.5 16734-900810-0754-1Ki2.6 16735-900810-0755-1Ki2.7 16736-900810-0757-1Ki2.8 16737-900810-0804-1Ki2.9 Do not consider him as an innocent man; for, as thou art a wise man, and knowest how to treat such persons, threat him as he deserves; only as I have sworn to him that I would not put him to death, `bring NOT his hoar head down to the grave with blood.' So Solomon understood David; for, after he had commanded Joab to be slain, in obedience to his father, he sent for Shimei, and knowing he ought to be well watched, he confined him to Jerusalem for the rest of his life: and so it appears David should be understood; for the negative particle {lo}, in the former clause, `hold him {not} guiltless,' should be repeated in the latter clause, though not expressed; instances of which frequently occur in the Hebrew Scriptures. seems the best and most correct mode of interpreting the text. 16738-900810-0805-1Ki2.10 16739-900810-0806-1Ki2.11 16740-900810-0807-1Ki2.12 16741-900810-0808-1Ki2.13 16742-900810-0808-1Ki2.14 16743-900810-0809-1Ki2.15 16744-900810-0810-1Ki2.16 16745-900811-1328-1Ki2.17 16746-900811-1328-1Ki2.18 16747-900811-1329-1Ki2.19 16748-900811-1330-1Ki2.20 16749-900811-1330-1Ki2.21 16750-900811-1331-1Ki2.22 16751-900811-1336-1Ki2.23 We have already seen, that the whole harem of an eastern monarch was a part of the regal succession (See note on 2Sa 16.23); and it was treason for a subject to claim any wife or virgin who had once formed a part of it. Slomon evidently considered the request of Adonijah in this light; and was convinced that he was still aiming to seize the crown, to which he considered this as one step. But it is very doubtful, how far the plea either of policy or state necessity can justify Solomon in thus embruing his hands in his brother's blood, whatever might have been his treasonable intentions or conduct. 16752-900811-1339-1Ki2.24 16753-900811-1340-1Ki2.25 16754-900811-1342-1Ki2.26 16755-900811-1347-1Ki2.27 This was for having taken part with Adonijah; but by it a remarkable prophecy was fulfilled. God had told Eli, (1Sa 2.30-36) that the priesthood should depart from his house; Abiathar was the last of the priests of {Ithamar}, of which family was Eli the high priest. Zadok, who succeeded, was of the family of Eleazar; and by this change the priesthood reverted to its ancient channel. 16756-900811-1348-1Ki2.28 16757-900811-1349-1Ki2.29 16758-900811-1351-1Ki2.30 16759-900811-1352-1Ki2.31 16760-900811-1354-1Ki2.32 16761-900811-1355-1Ki2.33 16762-900811-1358-1Ki2.34 It appears that he slew him at the very altar. The altar was so sacred among all the people, that, in general, even the vilest wretch found safety, if he once reached it. This led to many abuses, and the perversion of public justice; and God decreed (Ex 24.14) that the presumptuous murderer, who had taken refuge at his altar, whould be dragged thence and put to death. 16763-900811-1359-1Ki2.35 16764-900811-1406-1Ki2.36 No doubt Solomon suspected that Shimeis's influence would be dangerous upon his own estate and among his numerous dependents in different parts of the land; and therefore he proposed to him, as the condition of his indemnity for former crimes, that he should live in Jerusalem under his eye, and by no means remove thence. These terms Shemei readily agreed to, and solemnly swore to observe them; and for three years he lived unmolested and in affluence. But growing secure, in contempt of Solomon's authority and of the oath of God, upon an unnecessary business he took a journey, which according to his own engagement forfeited his life. Thus the Lord left him to be infatuated, that due punishment might be inflicted upon him; in order that evry ringleader of opposition to Solomon's kingdom might be crushed, and others be intimidated by their examples. Solomon's throne by the death of this man was established in peace, and became a type of the Redeemer's kingodm of peace and righteousness.- -SCOTT. 16765-900811-1407-1Ki2.37 16766-900811-1408-1Ki2.38 16767-900811-1409-1Ki2.39 16768-900811-1409-1Ki2.40 16770-900811-1410-1Ki2.42 16771-900811-1411-1Ki2.43 16772-900811-1412-1Ki2.44 16773-900811-1412-1Ki2.45 16774-900811-1413-1Ki2.46 16775-900811-1419-1Ki3.1 2-4 High places being in use, Solomon sacrifices at Gibeon 5-15 Solomon at Gibeon, in the choice which God gave him, preferring wisdom, obtains wisdom, riches, and honour 16-28 Solomon's judgment make him renowed 16776-900811-1422-1Ki3.2 It was not right to offer sacrifices in any place but where the tabenacle and ark were; and wherever they were, whether on a high place or a plain, sacrifices might be lawfully offered, previously to building of the temple. The tabrnacle was now at Gibeon, (@ch 1.3) which was therefore called the great high place; whither we find Solomon, without censure, repaired to sacrifice. 16777-900811-1425-1Ki3.3 16778-900811-1426-1Ki3.4 16779-900924-2031-1Ki3.5 16780-900811-1714-1Ki3.6 16781-900811-1715-1Ki3.7 16782-900811-1716-1Ki3.8 16783-900811-1719-1Ki3.9 16784-900811-1719-1Ki3.10 16785-900811-1720-1Ki3.11 16786-900811-1722-1Ki3.12 16787-900811-1723-1Ki3.13 16788-900811-1725-1Ki3.14 16789-900811-1728-1Ki3.15 16790-900811-1732-1Ki3.16 The word {zanoth}, rendered {harlots}, is here translated by the Targumist, the best judge in this case, {pundekon}, `tavern-keepers:' see on Jos 2.1 and ju 11.1 have dared to appear before Solomon; nor it it likely that such persons would have been permitted in the reign of David. Their {husbands} might at this time have been following the necessary occupations in distant parts. 16791-900811-1732-1Ki3.17 16794-900811-1733-1Ki3.20 16795-900811-1734-1Ki3.21 16796-900811-1734-1Ki3.22 16799-900811-1742-1Ki3.25 This was apparently a very strange decision; but Solomon saw that the only way to discover the real mother was by the affections and tenderness should would necessarily shew to her offspring. The plan was tried, and succeeded; and it was a proof of his sound judgment, penetration, and acquaintance with the human heart, or rather, of his extraordinary and supernatural wisdom. See verse 28. The two following instances are in some faint manner to be compared to Solomon's decision, inasmuch as they also work upon the human sympathies. Suetionius, in his Life of the emperor Claudian, tells us, that this emperor discovered a woman to be the real mother of a young man, whom she refused to acknowledge, by commanding her to marry him, the proofs being doubtful on both sides; for, rather than commit incest, she confessed the truth. Diodorus Siculus also informs us, that Ariopharnes, king of Thrace, being appointed to decided between three young men, each of whom professed to be the son of the deceased king of the Cimmerians, and claimed the succession, discovered the real son by ordering each to shoot an arrow into the dead body of the king: two of them did this without hesitation; but the real son of the deceased monarch refused. 16800-900811-1743-1Ki3.26 16802-900811-1745-1Ki3.28 16803-900811-1747-1Ki4.1 7-19 His twelve officers for provision 20-21 The peace and largeness of his kingdom 22-25 His daily provision 26-28 His stable 29-34 His wisdom 16804-900811-1749-1Ki4.2 That is, great, chief, or principal men; for none of them were princes, in the common acceptation of the word. 16805-900811-1751-1Ki4.3 16806-900811-1752-1Ki4.4 16807-900811-1754-1Ki4.5 16808-900811-1755-1Ki4.6 16809-900811-1756-1Ki4.7 These are doubtless to be considered as general receivers; for, as Sir John Chardin observes, `the revenues of the princes of the East are paid in the fruits and productions of the earth: there are no other taxes on the peasants.' 16810-900811-1757-1Ki4.8 16811-900811-1758-1Ki4.9 16812-900811-1759-1Ki4.10 16813-900811-1800-1Ki4.11 16814-900811-1802-1Ki4.12 16815-900811-1804-1Ki4.13 These were the fortified cities; their gates and bars being covered with plates of brass. 16816-900811-1804-1Ki4.14 16817-900811-1805-1Ki4.15 16818-900811-1805-1Ki4.16 16819-900811-1806-1Ki4.17 16820-900811-1806-1Ki4.18 16821-900811-1807-1Ki4.19 16822-900811-1809-1Ki4.20 16823-900811-1811-1Ki4.21 16824-900811-1812-1Ki4.22 16825-900811-1818-1Ki4.23 Dr. Shaw understands {ayil} as the name of the genu, including all the species of the deer kind, whether they are distinguished by round horns, as the stag, or by flat ones, as the fallow deer, or by the smallness of the brances, as the roe. the Buffalo; and though `the flesh of a Buffalo does not seem so well tasted as beef, being harder and more coarse,' yet in our times,`persons of distinction, as well as the common people, and even the Euopean merchants, eat a great deal of it, in the countries where the animal abounds.' Niebuhr, Descrip. de l'Arab p. 146. 16826-900811-1819-1Ki4.24 16827-900811-1820-1Ki4.25 16828-900811-1821-1Ki4.26 16829-900811-1821-1Ki4.27 16830-900811-1822-1Ki4.28 16831-900811-1824-1Ki4.29 16832-900811-1824-1Ki4.30 16833-900811-1826-1Ki4.31 16834-900811-1827-1Ki4.32 16835-900811-1833-1Ki4.33 The word {airez}, whence the Cahldee and Syriac {azro}, and the Arabic and Ethiopic {arz} and Spanish {alerze}, unquestionably denotes the {cedar}; it is thus rendered by the LXX. and other versions, (), and by the Vulgate {cedrus}; and the inhabitants of mount lebanon still call it {ars}. The cedar is a large and nobel evergreen tree, and grows on the most elevated part of the mountain, is taller than the pine, and so thick that five men together could scarcely fathom one. It shoots out its brances at ten or twelve feet from the ground; they are large and distant from each other, and are perpetually green. The wood is of a brown colour, very solid and incorruptible, if preserved from wet. The tree bears a small cone, like that of the pine. 16836-900811-1833-1Ki4.34 16837-900811-1837-1Ki5.1 him with timber to build the temple 7-12 Hiram, blessing God for Solomon, and requesting food for his family, furnishes him with trees. 13-18 The number of Solomon's workemn and labourers 16838-900811-2006-1Ki5.2 16839-900811-2007-1Ki5.3 16840-900811-2008-1Ki5.4 16841-900811-2009-1Ki5.5 16842-900811-2011-1Ki5.6 16843-900811-2012-1Ki5.7 16844-900811-2013-1Ki5.8 16845-900811-2014-1Ki5.9 16846-900811-2019-1Ki5.10 16847-900811-2019-1Ki5.11 Twenty thousand {baths} of oil are mentioned in Chronicles; and the Syriac, Arabic, and Septuagint alsoh have here `twenty thousand measures.' But as {barley} and wine are also spoken on there, it is probable that the {wheat} mentioned {here}, and the small quantity of fine {oil}, were intended for the use of Hiram's own family, while that in Chronicles was for his workmen. 16848-900811-2020-1Ki5.12 16849-900811-2021-1Ki5.13 16850-900811-2021-1Ki5.14 16851-900811-2023-1Ki5.15 These were all strangers, or proselytes, dwelling among the israelites, as we learn from the paralled place in 2 Chron. 16852-900811-2024-1Ki5.16 In the parallel passage of Chronicles, it is `three thousand six hundred,' which is also the reading of the Septuagint her. 16853-900811-2025-1Ki5.17 16854-900811-2026-1Ki5.18 16855-900811-2030-1Ki6.1 5-10 The chambers thereof 11-14 God's promise unto it 15-22 The ceiling and adorning of it 23-30 The cherubims 31-35 The doors 36 The court 37,38 The time of building it 16856-900811-2034-1Ki6.2 According to B. Cumberland's estimation of the cubit, its length was 36 yds. 1ft 5/28 inch; its breadth 12 yds. 5/76 inch; and its height, 18 yds. 8/64 inch. This constituted what is properly called the temple; but, besides this, there were the courts and colonades, where the people might assemble to perform their devotions, without being exposed to the open air. 16857-900811-2035-1Ki6.3 16858-900811-2036-1Ki6.4 without; or, skewed and closed 16859-900811-2042-1Ki6.5 These appear to have been what we should now call corridors or galleries; in which were apartments for the use of the priests. They consisted of three stories, and increased one cubit in breadth in every story, the wall of the temple being two cubits thicker at the bottom than at the top; and where the wall diminished, a rest was thus formed for the beams of the chambers to lodge upon. 16860-900811-2043-1Ki6.6 16861-900811-2044-1Ki6.7 16862-900811-2045-1Ki6.8 16863-900811-2046-1Ki6.9 ceilings with cedar. 16866-900811-2047-1Ki6.12 16867-900811-2049-1Ki6.13 16868-900811-2049-1Ki6.14 16869-900811-2051-1Ki6.15 That is, he lined or wainscotted the walls with cedar, the floor being covered with planks of fir: the marginal reading in this verse is preferable, as it removes every difficulty and obscurity. the house, unto the walls, etc. 16870-900811-2053-1Ki6.16 The oracle was the sanctuary, or holy of holies, in which there was nothing but the ark of the covenant, including the tables of the law, and into which the high priest alone was to enter but once a year. 16872-900811-2058-1Ki6.18 gourds, as the word denotes. (See note on 2ki 4.39;) the full- blown flowers of which must have been very ornamental. 16873-900811-2059-1Ki6.19 16874-900811-2100-1Ki6.20 16875-900811-2101-1Ki6.21 16876-900811-2103-1Ki6.22 It is impossible to calculate this expense, or the quntity of gold employed in this sacred building; but both must have been immense. This was the altar of incense without the vail, in the {holy place}, which was twice the length of the {most holy place}. 16877-900811-2105-1Ki6.23 These were distinct from, and much larger than those which covered the mercy-seat. 16881-900811-2106-1Ki6.27 stretched forth their wings. 16883-900811-2114-1Ki6.29 Tamar, in Ethiopic, tamart, the palm tree is so called, says Parkhurst, from its straight, upright growth, for which it seems more remarkable than any other tree; and it is crowned at the top with a large tuft of spiring leaves, about four feet long, which never fall off, but always continue in the same flourishing verdure. The stalks are genrally full of rugged knots, which are vestiges of decayed leaves: for the trunk of the tree is not solid, but its centre is filled with pith, round which is a tough bark full of strong fibres when young, which, as the tree becomes old, hardens and becomes ligneous. To this bark the leaves are closely joined, which, as the tree becomes old, hardens and becomes ligneours. To this bark the leaves are closedly joined, which in the centre rise erect, but after they are advance above the vagina which surrounds them, they expand very wide on every side of the stem, and as the older leaves decay, the stalk advances in height. The leaves, when the tree has grown to a size for bearing fruit, are six or eight feet long, and very broad when expanded. The fruit, called the date, grows below the leaves in clusters. 16884-900811-2115-1Ki6.30 16885-900811-2116-1Ki6.31 16886-900811-2117-1Ki6.32 16887-900811-2117-1Ki6.33 16888-900811-2118-1Ki6.34 16890-900811-2118-1Ki6.36 16891-900811-2123-1Ki6.37 ing the time of the building of the temple. The Septuagint has 440 years; Glycas, 330; Josephus and Moes -Linus, 592; Melchius Canus, 590; Sulpicius Severus, 588; Clemens Alexandrinus, 570; Dedrenus, 672, Codomus, 598; Vossius and Capellus, 580; Serarius, 680; Nicholas Abraham, 527; Petavius and Valtherus, 520. After all, that in the common Hebrew text is more likely to the true one, than any of the others. 16892-900811-2125-1Ki6.38 all the ordinances thereof. 16893-900811-2129-1Ki7.1 2-5 Of the house of Lebanon 6 Of the porch of pillars 7 Of the porch of judgment 8-12 Of the house for Pharaoh's daughter 13-22 Hiram's work of the two pillars, 23-26 Of the molten sea 27-37 Of the ten bases 38,39 Of the ten lavers 40-51 and all the vessels 16894-900811-2129-1Ki7.2 16895-900811-2130-1Ki7.3 16896-900811-2131-1Ki7.4 16897-900811-2132-1Ki7.5 pillars were square in prospect 16898-900811-2132-1Ki7.6 16899-900811-2134-1Ki7.7 16900-900812-0835-1Ki7.8 16901-900812-0836-1Ki7.9 16902-900812-0845-1Ki7.10 Reckoning the cubit at 21 inches, the ten cubits are 17 feet and a half, and the eight cubits are 14 feet. The magnitude of these stones was certainly extraordinary; but let us hear M. Volney, and our surprise will no longer be fixed on these stones, but transferred from Solomon's house to the ruins of Balbec: `What is still more astonishing is the enormous stones which compose the sloping wall. To the west, the second layer is formed of stones which are from 28 to 35 feet long, by about 9 in height. Over this layer, at the north-west angle, there are three stones, which alone occupy a space of 175 feet and a half; viz the first, 58 feet 7 inches; the second, 58 feet 11 inches; and the thrid, exactly 58 feet; and each of these is 12 feet thick. These stones are of white granite, with large shining flakes, like gypsum: there is a quarry of this kind of stone under the whole city, and another in the adjacent mountains, which is open in several places. On the right, as we approach the city, there is still lying there a stone hewn on three sides, which is 69 feet 2 inches long, 12 feet 10 inches broad, and 13 feet 3 inches in thickness. 16903-900812-0845-1Ki7.11 16904-900812-0846-1Ki7.12 16905-900812-0846-1Ki7.13 16906-900812-0852-1Ki7.14 The mother of Hiram (not the Tyrian king mentioned before, but an intelligent coppersmith, of Jewish extraction by his mother's side) in Chronicles, is said to have been of `the daughters of {Dan};' and she might have been of {Naphtali by her father, and of Dan by her mother}; or she might originally be of the tribe of Dan, and have been first married to a man of the tribe of Naphtali' and, in either case, she might be indifferently called `of the tribe of Naphtali, or of `the daughters of Dan.' 16907-900812-0902-1Ki7.15 That is, nearly thirty feet, English measure. But in the parallel place in Chronicles, these pillars are said to thirty-five cubits high. Tremellius reconciles this difference by observing, that the common cubit was but one-half of the cubit of the sanctuary; so that eighteen of the one would make thrity-six of the other; from which, if we deduct one cubit for the base, there will remain thirty-five. Notwithstanding the {names} of these pillars, they seem to have supported not part of the building, and appear to have been formed for ornament; and were no doubt also emblematical. The right pillar was called {Jachin}, which signifies, `He will establish;' while that on the left was named {Boaz}, `In it is strength.' Some think they were intended for for memorials of the pillars and cloud of fire, which led Israel through the wilderness; but Henry supposes them designed for meomorandums to the priests and others that came to worship at God's door. 1st. To depend upon God only, and not upon any sufficiency of their own for strength and establishment in all their religous exercises. 2nd. It was a memorandum to them of the strength and establishment of the temple of God among them. When the temple was destroyed, particular notice is taken of the breaking up and carrying away of these brazen pillars, and would have been still so, if they had not forsaken God. 16908-900812-0903-1Ki7.16 16909-900812-0903-1Ki7.17 16910-900812-0909-1Ki7.18 16911-900812-0909-1Ki7.19 16912-900812-0910-1Ki7.20 16913-900812-0911-1Ki7.21 16915-900812-0913-1Ki7.23 16916-900812-0913-1Ki7.24 16917-900812-0914-1Ki7.25 16918-900812-0919-1Ki7.26 This immense laver, called a {sea} from it magnitude, held, at a moderate computation, 16,000 gallons. Besides this great brazen laver, there were in the temple ten lavers of brass of a less size, which moved on wheels, and were ornamented with the figures of various animals, having, probably, always some relation to the cherubim. These lavers were to hold water for the use of the priests in their sacred office, particularly to wash the victims that were to be offered as a burnt offering, as we learn from 2ch 4.6; but the {brazen sea} was for the priest to wash in. The {knops} are supposed to have been in the form of an ox's head (2ch 4.3;) and some think the water flowed out at their mouths. 16919-900812-0920-1Ki7.27 these highly ornamental bases appear to have been square stands, or immense pedestals, for the purpose of supporting the lavers. 16920-900812-0923-1Ki7.28 It seems evident that these bases or pedestals rose with steps, and that the ornaments mentioned in the next verse appeared in front, forming so many entablatures. But the description of these bases is very difficult to comprehend: many of the original words are seldom, if at all, used elsewhere; and it would be impossible to give an explanation of each particular, without a labour and prolixity disproportioned to its importance to us. 16921-900812-0925-1Ki7.29 16922-900812-0927-1Ki7.30 It is probable that these {undersetters} were so many strong legs, somewhat shorter than the wheels, and were intended to prevent the laver from tilting, or falling, in case of any accident. 16924-900812-0928-1Ki7.32 16925-900812-0928-1Ki7.33 16928-900812-0929-1Ki7.36 16930-900812-0930-1Ki7.38 16932-900812-0932-1Ki7.40 16933-900812-0932-1Ki7.41 16934-900812-0933-1Ki7.42 16935-900812-0933-1Ki7.43 16936-900812-0934-1Ki7.44 16937-900812-0935-1Ki7.45 16938-900812-0941-1Ki7.46 Zarthan is supposed to have been situated in the tribe of Manasseh, west of Jordan, near Jezreel and Bethshan of Scythopolis, and not far from the Jordan. Succoth we know was situated east of Jordan, in the tribe of Gad, and according to Jerome, in the district of Scythopolis: hence the `plain of Jordan,' where Hiran cast the brazen vessels, must be the plain in which that river runs, Zarthan and Succoth being probably nearly opposite each other; but whether the precise spot of his operations was on this side or the other side, is uncertain. In this place he found that particular clay that was proper for his purpose; and it being a considerable distance from Jerusalem, that city would not be annoyed by the smoke and noxious vapours necessarily occasioned by the process. 16939-900812-0941-1Ki7.47 16940-900812-0943-1Ki7.48 16941-900812-0944-1Ki7.49 16942-900812-0945-1Ki7.50 16943-900812-0948-1Ki7.51 It appears, therefore, that Solomon did not use any of the gold and silver in the structure of the temple which his father had provided. {things which David his father had dedicated} [heb] holy things of David. 16944-900812-1459-1Ki8.1 12-21 Solomon's blessing 54-61 Solomon's blessing 22-35 Solomon's prayer 62-66 His sacrifice of peace offerings This did not take place, according to Abp. Usher, till the year after the temple was finihsed, because that year after the temple was finished, because that year was a {jubilee}. `The 8th day of the 7th month, {viz.} the 30th of our October, being Friday, was the first of the seven days of dedication; the 10th day, Saturday, November 1, the fast of expiation or atonement was held; whereon, according to the levitical law, the jubilee was proclaimed by sound of trumpet. The 15th day, Friday, was the feast of tabernacles, which was always very solemnly kept; and the day following, Nov. 14, being our Saturday, when the Sabbath was ended, the people returned home.' 16945-900812-1500-1Ki8.2 16946-900812-1501-1Ki8.3 16947-900812-1501-1Ki8.4 16948-900812-1502-1Ki8.5 16949-900812-1504-1Ki8.6 16951-900812-1505-1Ki8.8 16952-900812-1508-1Ki8.9 16954-900812-1509-1Ki8.11 16955-900812-1510-1Ki8.12 16956-900812-1511-1Ki8.13 16957-900812-1512-1Ki8.14 16958-900812-1514-1Ki8.15 16959-900812-1516-1Ki8.16 16960-900812-1516-1Ki8.17 16961-900812-1516-1Ki8.18 16962-900812-1517-1Ki8.19 16963-900812-1518-1Ki8.20 16964-900812-1519-1Ki8.21 16965-900812-1520-1Ki8.22 16966-900812-1522-1Ki8.23 16967-900812-1523-1Ki8.24 16968-900812-1525-1Ki8.25 a man from my sight. 16969-900812-1526-1Ki8.26 16970-900812-1527-1Ki8.27 16971-900812-1528-1Ki8.28 16972-900812-1531-1Ki8.29 16973-900812-1534-1Ki8.30 16974-900812-1537-1Ki8.31 Solomon here puts {seven cases}, in all of which the mercy and intervention of God would be indispensaly requisite; and he earnestly bespeaks that mercy and intervention, on condition that the people pray towards the holy place, and with a feeling heart make earnest supplication to the throne of mercy. 16975-900812-1538-1Ki8.32 16976-900812-1541-1Ki8.33 16977-900812-1542-1Ki8.34 16978-900812-1546-1Ki8.35 16979-900812-1548-1Ki8.36 16980-900812-1550-1Ki8.37 16981-900812-1552-1Ki8.38 16982-900812-1553-1Ki8.39 16983-900812-1554-1Ki8.40 16984-900812-1556-1Ki8.41 16985-900812-1558-1Ki8.42 16986-900812-1600-1Ki8.43 16987-900812-1603-1Ki8.44 16988-900812-1603-1Ki8.45 16989-900812-1613-1Ki8.46 The second clause of this verse, as it is here translated, renders this {supposition} entirely negatory; for if there be {no man that sinneth not}, it is useless to say, IF {they sin}: but this objection is removed by rendering the original, `If they shall sin against thee, (for there is no man that, {lo yechetai,} may not sin') i.e. there is no man {impeccable} or {infallible}; none that is not liable to transgress. 16990-900812-1615-1Ki8.47 16991-900812-1617-1Ki8.48 16992-900812-1618-1Ki8.49 16993-900812-1619-1Ki8.50 16994-900812-1620-1Ki8.51 16995-900812-1621-1Ki8.52 16996-900812-1624-1Ki8.53 16997-900812-1625-1Ki8.54 16998-900812-1625-1Ki8.55 16999-900812-1627-1Ki8.56 17000-900812-1628-1Ki8.57 17001-900812-1628-1Ki8.58 17002-900812-1631-1Ki8.59 This and the following verse are a sort of supplement to the prayer; and there is an important addition to this prayer in 2ch 6.41,42, apparently taken from one of the Psalms. 17003-900812-1632-1Ki8.60 17004-900812-1633-1Ki8.61 17005-900812-1634-1Ki8.62 17006-900812-1639-1Ki8.63 We are not to suppose that all these victims were sacrificed in one day, or on one altar; for this was the whole amoundt of those that had been offered during the {fourteen days} which the feast of dedication and the feast of tabernacles lasted; and there appears to have been an altar erected in the middle of the court, which was {set apart} for that purpose, in consequence of the great altar of burnt offering being not sufficient for the multitude of sacrifices then offered. 17007-900812-1639-1Ki8.64 17008-900812-1641-1Ki8.65 17009-900812-1646-1Ki8.66 In the parallel passage of Chronicles this termed `the three and twentieth day of the seventh month;' that is, the {ninth} day of the dedication; which Jarchi reconcile by supposing that Solomon gave them leave to return on the {eighth} day, and many of them did return, and that he dismissed the remainder on the {ninth}, or twenty-third of the seventh month. See note on 1ki 8.1 17010-900812-1650-1Ki9.1 10-14 The mutual presents of Solomon and Hiran 15-23 In Solomon's works the Gentiles were his bondmen, the Israel- ites honourable servants 24 Pharaoh's daughter removes to her house 25 Solomon's yearly solemn sacrifices 26-28 His navy fetches gold from Ophir 17011-900812-1651-1Ki9.2 17012-900812-1653-1Ki9.3 17013-900812-1655-1Ki9.4 17014-900812-1656-1Ki9.5 17015-900812-1657-1Ki9.6 17016-900812-1659-1Ki9.7 17017-900812-1700-1Ki9.8 17018-900812-1701-1Ki9.9 17019-900812-1702-1Ki9.10 17020-900812-1703-1Ki9.11 17021-900812-1704-1Ki9.12 17022-900812-1707-1Ki9.13 Josephus says that Cabul, in the Phoenecian language, signifies (); displeasing; and that these cities were situated in the neighbourhood of Tyre. Most commentators are persuaded that the city {Cabul} in the tribe of Asher was one; and probably from this Hiram took occasion to give this name to all the other cities which Solomon had ceded to him. 17023-900812-1708-1Ki9.14 17024-900812-1714-1Ki9.15 Millo is said to have been a deep valley, between the ancient city of Jebus and the city of David on mount zion. This Solomon filled up, and built upon; and it became a fortified place, and a place for public assemblies. Probably the city {Hazor} in Naphtali, and the famous capital of Jabin, situated in the lake Merom or Semechon, and placed by Josephus south of Tyre, near Ptolemais. 17025-900812-1715-1Ki9.16 17026-900812-1715-1Ki9.17 17027-900812-1716-1Ki9.18 17028-900812-1717-1Ki9.19 desired 17029-900812-1718-1Ki9.20 17030-900812-1721-1Ki9.21 He made them do the most labourous parts of the public works, the Israelites being exempt from all but the more honourable employments. 17031-900812-1722-1Ki9.22 17032-900812-1723-1Ki9.23 17033-900812-1724-1Ki9.24 17034-900812-1726-1Ki9.25 17035-900812-1728-1Ki9.26 17036-900812-1728-1Ki9.27 17037-900812-1730-1Ki9.28 17038-900812-1735-1Ki10.1 14,15 Solomon's gold 16,17 His targets 18-20 The throne of ivory 21-23 His vessels 24,25 His presents 26,27 his chariots and horse 28,29 his tribute 17039-900812-1736-1Ki10.2 17040-900812-1738-1Ki10.3 17041-900812-1740-1Ki10.4 17042-900812-1802-1Ki10.5 The original () is rendered by the LXX. and Vulgate, `And the burnt offerings (or holocausts) which he offered in the house of the Lord;' with which the Chaldee, Syriac, and Arabic agree; and so also Luther, (), and this seems to be the true sense of the passage. 17043-900812-1831-1Ki10.6 17044-900812-1832-1Ki10.7 wisdom and goodness to the fame. 17045-900812-1833-1Ki10.8 17046-900812-1836-1Ki10.9 17047-900812-1837-1Ki10.10 According to Mr. Reynolds, equal to 843,905l 10 s. 4d. sterling 17048-900812-1838-1Ki10.11 17049-900812-1839-1Ki10.12 17050-900812-1840-1Ki10.13 her, according to the hand of king Solomon. 17051-900812-1842-1Ki10.14 Equal to 4,683,675l 12s 8d. sterling; which was what he got annually in bullion 17052-900812-1843-1Ki10.15 17053-900812-1845-1Ki10.16 were worth 28,131l 16s 9d.; and that the 300 shields were worth 210,976l 7s 7d. 17054-900812-1845-1Ki10.17 17055-900812-1846-1Ki10.18 17056-900812-1847-1Ki10.19 17057-900812-1847-1Ki10.20 17058-900812-1848-1Ki10.21 17059-900812-1852-1Ki10.22 which animal both Pliny and Solinus inform us was brought from Ethiopia. The same name appears in the {monkeys} called () in the Praenstine Pavement, and in the Frence {cep} or {ceb} 17060-900812-1854-1Ki10.23 Mr. Reynolds, stating Solomon's income at about four times as much as his father left him, reckons that he had each year 142,242, 034l 9s 7d, each week 2,735,423 l 14s 9d. and each day, 390,770l 16s 4d 17061-900812-2200-1Ki10.24 17062-900812-2202-1Ki10.25 17063-900812-2202-1Ki10.26 17064-900812-2203-1Ki10.27 17065-900812-2204-1Ki10.28 17066-900812-2206-1Ki10.29 This was the ordinary price of a {chariot}, as 150 shekels was that of a {horse.} It seems that neither horses nor chariots came out of Egypt but by means of Solomon's servants. 17067-900812-2213-1Ki11.1 4-8 In his old age they draw him to idolatry 9-13 god threatens him, 14-22 Solomon's advrsaries were Hadad, who was entertained in Egypt 23-25 Rezon, who reigned in Damascus 26-40 And Jeroboam, to whom Ahijah prophesied 41-43 Solomon's acts, reign, and death. Rehoboam succeeds him 17068-900812-2216-1Ki11.2 17069-900812-2216-1Ki11.3 17070-900812-2218-1Ki11.4 17071-900812-2219-1Ki11.5 17072-900812-2220-1Ki11.6 17073-900812-2224-1Ki11.7 This was the mount of Olives, which lay east of Jerusalem; and that the Hebrews would consider before it, while the west would be behind it; for the very term used to the the east, kedem, means before, while acharon, behind, sometimes signifies the west. 17074-900812-2224-1Ki11.8 17075-900812-2226-1Ki11.9 17076-900812-2227-1Ki11.10 17077-900812-2229-1Ki11.11 17078-900812-2231-1Ki11.12 17079-900812-2233-1Ki11.13 17080-900812-2234-1Ki11.14 17081-900812-2235-1Ki11.15 17083-900812-2237-1Ki11.17 apprehensive of his danger, and could, with his father's servants, make his escape. 17084-900812-2242-1Ki11.18 Probably not the Midian east of the Red Sea, to which Moses fled, (Ex 2.15, etc.) but the Midian east of the Dead Sea, and south of Moab. These Midianites, whose daughters seduced the israelites to commit idolatry (Nu 22.4,7 25.15 31.2, etc.) were descendents of Midian, son of Abraham, (Ge 25.2) Their capital city was called Midian, and its remains were to be seen in the time of Eusebius and Jerome: it was situated on the Arnon, south of the city Ar, or Areopolis. Probably the city of Paran, or the district around it, situated in the south of Iumea, and according to Eusebius, three days' journey east from Elah or Elath, at the head of the eastern branch, or Elamitic gulf of the Red Sea. 17085-900812-2243-1Ki11.19 17086-900812-2243-1Ki11.20 17087-900812-2244-1Ki11.21 17088-900812-2245-1Ki11.22 17089-900812-2246-1Ki11.23 17090-900812-2252-1Ki11.24 Damascus, called also Damesk, but generally El Sham, by the Arbas, is situated in a delightful plain, well watered by the Barrada, at the eastern foot of Antilibanus, being surrounded by the hills in the form of a triumphal arc, 136 miles N. of Jerusalem, 195 S. of Antioch, and 276 S.S.W. of Deabekir, It is a city of the highest antiquity, being at least as ancient as the time of Abraham: it has been often captured, and several times demolished, but has always risen to splendour and dignity. The modern town is described by Maundrell as of a long, straight figure, it ends pointing nearly N.E. and S.W. It is very slender in the middle, but swells bigger at each end, especially at that to the N.E. According to Niebuhr, the walls are something less than a league and half in circumference; and the population is estimated at from 100,000 to 150,000 17091-900812-2253-1Ki11.25 17092-900812-2254-1Ki11.26 17093-900812-2255-1Ki11.27 17094-900812-2257-1Ki11.28 17095-900812-2258-1Ki11.29 17096-900812-2258-1Ki11.30 17097-900812-2258-1Ki11.31 17098-900812-2259-1Ki11.32 17099-900812-2300-1Ki11.33 17100-900812-2301-1Ki11.34 17101-900812-2301-1Ki11.35 17102-900812-2303-1Ki11.36 17103-900812-2303-1Ki11.37 17104-900812-2304-1Ki11.38 17105-900812-2306-1Ki11.39 17106-900812-2309-1Ki11.40 This is the first time we meet with the proper name of an Egyptian king in Scripture, Pharaoh being the general appellation for all the sovereigns of that country. Some are of opinion that Shishak is the same with the celbrated Sesostris of the Greek historiams; but it is probable that this king lived long before Solomon's time. Usher thinks him to be Sesonchis, and places the beginning of his reign, A.M. 3026 B.C. 978 17107-900812-2309-1Ki11.41 17108-900812-2311-1Ki11.42 Josephus says fourscore years; which is sufficiently absurd. Calmet supposes him to have been 18 years old when he came to the throne, and 58 when he died. 17109-900812-2313-1Ki11.43 17110-900812-2318-1Ki12.1 Jeroboam make a suit of relaxation unto him 6-15 Rehoboam, refusing the old men's counsel, answers them roughly 16-20 Ten tribes revolting, kill Adoram, and make Rehoboam flee 21-24 Rehoboam, raising an army, is forbidden by Shemaih 25 Jeroboam strengthens himself by cities 26-33 and by idolatry of the two calves 17111-900812-2319-1Ki12.2 17113-900812-2320-1Ki12.4 17115-900814-2136-1Ki12.6 17116-900814-2137-1Ki12.7 17117-900814-2138-1Ki12.8 17118-900814-2138-1Ki12.9 17119-900814-2142-1Ki12.10 A proverbial mode of expression: `My little finger is thicker than my father's thigh.' As much as the [thigh] surpassed the [little finger] in thickness, so much does my power exceed that of my father; and the use I shall make of it to oppress and tax you shall be in proportion. 17120-900814-2149-1Ki12.11 Should you rebel or become disaffected, my father's {whip} shall be a {scorpion} in my hand. His was {chastisement}, mine shall be {punishment}. Celsius and Hiller conjecture that {akrabbim} denotes a thorny kind of shrub, whose prickles are of a venemous nature, called by the Arabs {scorpion thorns}, from the exquisite pain which they inflict. But the Chaldee renders it {margenin}, and the Syriac {moragyai}, i.e., () scourges; and in the parallel place of Chronicles the Arabic has {saut, a scourge}. Isidore, and after him Calmet and others, assert that the {scorpion} was a sort of severe {whip}, the lashes of which were armed with knots or points that sunk into and tore the flesh. 17121-900814-2149-1Ki12.12 17122-900814-2151-1Ki12.13 17123-900814-2152-1Ki12.14 17124-900814-2159-1Ki12.15 The cause of all this confusion and anarchy was Rehoboam's folly, cruelty, and despotic tyranny, and this was certainly not `from the Lord,' nor does the original text speak this doctrine. See an elucidation of a similar passage at 2Sa 24.1. It says, {sibbah}, (from {savav}, to turn, change,) `the change or REVOLUTION was from the Lord;' which is consistent with all the preceding declarations. God stirred up the people to revolt from a man who had neither skill nor humanity to govern them. God serves his own wise and righteous purpose by the imprudences and iniquities of men, and snares sinners in the work of their own hands. `He maketh the wrath of man to praise him.' 17125-900814-2203-1Ki12.16 17126-900814-2203-1Ki12.17 17127-900814-2205-1Ki12.18 17128-900814-2206-1Ki12.19 17129-900814-2207-1Ki12.20 17130-900814-2208-1Ki12.21 17131-900814-2209-1Ki12.22 17133-900814-2210-1Ki12.24 17134-900814-2212-1Ki12.25 17135-900814-2213-1Ki12.26 17136-900814-2214-1Ki12.27 17137-900814-2220-1Ki12.28 He invented a political religion, and instituted feasts in his own times, different from those appointed by Jehovah; gave the people certain objects of adoration, and pretended to think that it would be both inconvenient and oppressive to them to go up to Jerusalem to worhip. These calves were doubtless of the same kind as the calf which was set up by Aaron; and it is remarkable, that in pointing them out to the people he should use the same words that Aaron used on that occasion, when they must have heard what terrible judgments fell upon their forefathers for this idolatry. Solomon's idolatry, however, had prepared the people for Jeroboam's abominations. 17138-900814-2220-1Ki12.29 17139-900814-2221-1Ki12.30 17140-900814-2222-1Ki12.31 17141-900814-2223-1Ki12.32 17142-900814-2225-1Ki12.33 17143-900814-2229-1Ki13.1 6 and at the prayer of the prophet is restored 7-10 The prophet departs from Beth-el 11-19 An old prophet brings him back 20-22 He is reproved by God 23-25 slain by a lion 26-30 buried by the old prophet 31,32 who confirms the prophecy 33,34 Jeroboam's obstinacy 17144-900814-2231-1Ki13.2 17145-900814-2232-1Ki13.3 17146-900814-2235-1Ki13.4 17147-900814-2236-1Ki13.5 17148-900814-2238-1Ki13.6 17149-900814-2240-1Ki13.7 As great men in the East make no presents to equals or inferiors when visited, Sir John Chardin thinks that the king intended by this to treat the prophet as his superior 17150-900814-2241-1Ki13.8 17151-900814-2243-1Ki13.9 17153-900816-2117-1Ki13.11 17155-900816-2118-1Ki13.13 17156-900816-2119-1Ki13.14 17158-900816-2119-1Ki13.16 17159-900816-2120-1Ki13.17 17160-900816-2122-1Ki13.18 17161-900816-2124-1Ki13.19 17162-900816-2132-1Ki13.20 this part of history, on account of God's denouncing sentence on the {true} prophet by the mouth of the {false} prophet; but if we examine with attention the original words here, they will be found to signify either {he who brought him back} or {whom he had brought back}; for the very same words, ahser heshivo, occur again, ver. 23, where they are now translated, {whom he had brought back}; and where they cannot be translated otherwise. This being the case, we are at liberty to consider the words of the Lord as delivered to the {true} prophet, thus brought back; and then the sentence is pronounced by God himself, calling to him out of heaven, and in Ge 22.11. and that this doom was thus pronounced by God, not by the false prophet, we are assured in verse 26. `The Lord hath delivered him unto the lion, according to the word of the Lord, which HE spake unto him.' Josephus [and also the {Arabic}] asserts, that the sentence was declared by God to the {true} prophet." 17163-900816-2133-1Ki13.21 17164-900816-2134-1Ki13.22 17166-900816-2135-1Ki13.24 17168-900816-2136-1Ki13.26 17170-900816-2143-1Ki13.28 All here was supernatural. The lion, though he had killed the man, yet, contrary to his nature, did not devour him, nor tear the ass, nor meddle with the travellers that passed by; while the ass stood quietly by, not fearing the lion, not betaking himself to flight: both stood as guardians of the fallen prophet, till this extraordinary intellignece was carried into the city which rendered the miracle the more illustrious and plainly shewed that this event did not happen by chance. This concatenation of miracles marked the death of the man of God as a Divine rebuke for his disobedience in eating bread at idolatrous Beth-el; and here we see, as in various other cases, that `often judgment begins at the house of God.' The true prophet, for suffering himself to be seduced by the old prophet, and for receiving that as a revelation from God which was opposed to the revelation which himself had received, and which was confrimed by so many miracles, is slain by a lion, and his body deprived of the burial of his fathers; while the wicked king and the fallen prophet are both permitted to live. 17172-900816-2144-1Ki13.30 17173-900816-2144-1Ki13.31 17174-900816-2145-1Ki13.32 17175-900816-2147-1Ki13.33 17176-900816-2148-1Ki13.34 17177-900816-2152-1Ki14.1 presents to the prophet Ahijah at Shiloh 5-16 Ahijahm forewarned by God, denounces God's judgment 17,18 Abijah dies, and is buried 19,20 Nadab succeeds Jereboam 21-24 Rehoboam's wicked reign, 25-28 Shishak spils Jerusalem 29-31 Abijam succeeds Rehoboam 17178-900816-2153-1Ki14.2 17179-900816-2200-1Ki14.3 Nikkoodim, spotted, or perforated cakes; either, as some suppose, thin cakes pierced through with holes, the same as is called {Jews' bread} to the present day, and used by them at the passover; or, as Mr. Harmer imagines, cakes {spotted} with seeds, as with sesamum, Roman coriander, etc. such as he proves from Rauwolff, Russell, and Hanway, are still used in the East. This was certainly not a present that proclaimed royalty; but it does not appear to have been, in the estimation of the East, a present that proclaimed royalty; but it does not appear to have been, in the estimation of the East, a present only fit for a country woman to have made, as Bp. Patrick supposes: for D'Arvieus informs us, that when he waited on an Arab emir, his mother and sisters sent him a present of pastry, honey, and fresh butter, with a bason of sweetmeats of Damascus. 17180-900816-2201-1Ki14.4 17181-900816-2202-1Ki14.5 17182-900816-2204-1Ki14.6 17183-900816-2205-1Ki14.7 17184-900816-2206-1Ki14.8 17185-900816-2211-1Ki14.9 17186-900816-2213-1Ki14.10 17187-900816-2214-1Ki14.11 17188-900816-2214-1Ki14.12 17189-900816-2215-1Ki14.13 17190-900816-2216-1Ki14.14 17191-900816-2219-1Ki14.15 17192-900816-2220-1Ki14.16 17193-900816-2224-1Ki14.17 Tizrah was a city of Ephraim, to which Jerobaom belonged; and appears to have been pleasantly stiuated, as it is said in Ca. 6.4, `Thou art beautiful, O my love, as Tizrah,' though its precise situation cannot now be ascertained. it seems to have been the {royal city}, and the seat of government for a long time after the revolt of the ten tribes, till Omri built Samaria. 17195-900816-2225-1Ki14.19 17196-900816-2226-1Ki14.20 17197-900816-2232-1Ki14.21 17198-900816-2234-1Ki14.22 17199-900816-2235-1Ki14.23 17200-900816-2236-1Ki14.24 17201-900816-2237-1Ki14.25 17202-900816-2238-1Ki14.26 17203-900816-2239-1Ki14.27 17204-900816-2240-1Ki14.28 17205-900816-2240-1Ki14.29 17206-900816-2241-1Ki14.30 17207-900816-2248-1Ki14.31 Dr. Kennicott observes, that the name of this king of Judah is now expressed {three} ways; here and in four other places, it is {Abijam}; in two others (2ch 13.20,21) it is {Abihahu}; but in {eleven} others it is {Abijah or Abiah}, as it is expressed by St. Matthew (ch 1.7) Abia, and this is the reading of thirteen of Kennicott's and De Rossi's MSS., and of thirteen respectable editions of the Hebrew Bible. The Syriac is the same. The Septuragint in the London Polyglott has (), Abihu; but in the Complutensian and Antwerp Polyglotts it has (), Abiah; and the Editio Princeps of the Vulgate, some MSS. and the text in these two Polyglostts, instead of Abiam, have Abia. 17208-900816-2252-1Ki15.1 7,8 Asa succeeds him 9-15 Asa's good reign 16-22 The war between Baasha and him causes him to make a league with Bed-hadad 23,24 Jehosaphat succeeds Asa 25,26 Nadab's wicked reign 27-30 Baasha conspiring against him, executes Ahijah's prophecy 31,32 Nadab's acts and death 33,34 Baasha's wicked reign 17209-900816-2253-1Ki15.2 17210-900816-2254-1Ki15.3 17211-900816-2256-1Ki15.4 17212-900816-2257-1Ki15.5 17213-900816-2300-1Ki15.6 Instead of {Rehoboam} fourteen MSS., the Arabic, and some copies of the Targum, read Abijam. The Syriac has `Abia, the son of Rehoboam;' and the Editio Princeps of the Vulgate has Abia. This is doubtless the true reading, as otherwise it would be an unnecessary repetition of ch 14.30, and a repetition which interrupts the history of Abijah: 17214-900816-2301-1Ki15.7 17215-900816-2302-1Ki15.8 17217-900816-2302-1Ki15.10 17218-900816-2303-1Ki15.11 17219-900816-2304-1Ki15.12 17220-900816-2307-1Ki15.13 17221-900816-2308-1Ki15.14 17222-900816-2309-1Ki15.15 17223-900816-2310-1Ki15.16 17224-900816-2315-1Ki15.17 By building Ramah is here meant fortifying it, in order to prevent all intercourse with the kingdom of Judah, lest his subjects should cleave to the house of David: for Ramah was a city of Benjamin, situated on the confines of both kingdoms, probably on a hill, as the name imports, commanding a a narrow defile between the mountains, through which lay the principal road to Jerusalem; so that a fortification being erected here, no communication could be held between the people of Israel and Judah, without Baasha's permission. 17225-900817-2018-1Ki15.18 17226-900817-2021-1Ki15.19 17227-900817-2024-1Ki15.20 Probably the same as Hazar-enan, a frontier town to Damascus, (Eze 48.1) and perhaps the Inna of Coele -Syria, long. 68 degrees and a half, lat. 33, according to Ptolemy 17228-900817-2025-1Ki15.21 17229-900817-2026-1Ki15.22 17230-900817-2027-1Ki15.23 17231-900817-2028-1Ki15.24 Of his splendid and costly funeral we read in 2ch 16.14 17232-900817-2030-1Ki15.25 17233-900817-2032-1Ki15.26 17234-900817-2033-1Ki15.27 17235-900817-2033-1Ki15.28 17236-900817-2034-1Ki15.29 17237-900817-2034-1Ki15.30 17238-900817-2035-1Ki15.31 17239-900817-2041-1Ki15.32 kept up between the two kingdoms, and no doubt frequent skirmishing between the bordering parties; but there was no open war till Baasha king of Israel began to build Ramah, which was, according to 2ch 15.19 16.1, in the {thirty-sixth} year of Asa; but according to 1ki 16.8,9, his son was killed by Zimri in the {twenty-sixth year} of Asa, and consequently he could not make war upon him in the {thirty-sixth} year of his reign. Chronologers endeavour to reconcile this, by saying that the years should be reckoned, not from the beginning of Asa's reign, but from the separation of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. We must either adopt this mode of solution, or admit that there is a mistake in some of the numbers, probably in the parallel places in Chronicles, but which we have no direct means of correcting. 17240-900817-2042-1Ki15.33 17241-900817-2043-1Ki15.34 17242-900817-2049-1Ki16.1 5-7 Elah succeeds him 8-10 Zimri, conspiring against Elah, succeeds him 11-14 Zimri executes Jehu's prophecy 15-20 Omri, made king by the soldiers, forces Zimri desperately to burn himself 21,22 The kingdom being divided, Omri prevails agains Tibni 23,24 Omri builds Samaria 25,26 His wicked reign 27,28 Ahab succeeds him 29-33 Ahab's most wicked reign 34 Joshua's curse upon Hiel the builder of Jericho 17243-900817-2051-1Ki16.2 17244-900817-2052-1Ki16.3 17245-900817-2052-1Ki16.4 17246-900817-2057-1Ki16.5 17247-900817-2058-1Ki16.6 17248-900817-2103-1Ki16.7 This the Vulgate understands of Jehu the prophet; some think Baasha is intended; others Nadab the son of Jereboam; and others Jereboam, whom Baasha destroyed in his posterity by cruelly murdering them all. 17249-900817-2107-1Ki16.8 years; yet he died and was succeeded by Elah in the 26th year of Asa; and, in like manner, Elah, who began to reign in the 26th year of Asa, and was killed in the 27th, is said to have reigned two years. This it is evident that a part of a year is calculated as a whole year. In the Chinese annals, the whole year in which a king dies is ascribed to his reign, the years of the succeeding king being reckoned only from the beginning of the following year. 17250-900817-2109-1Ki16.9 17251-900817-2110-1Ki16.10 17252-900817-2111-1Ki16.11 and his friends. 17253-900817-2112-1Ki16.12 17254-900817-2114-1Ki16.13 17255-900817-2114-1Ki16.14 17256-900817-2116-1Ki16.15 17257-900817-2116-1Ki16.16 17258-900817-2117-1Ki16.17 17259-900817-2118-1Ki16.18 17260-900817-2119-1Ki16.19 17261-900817-2119-1Ki16.20 17262-900817-2120-1Ki16.21 17264-900817-2124-1Ki16.23 As it is stated in verse 10 and 15, that Zimri began to reign in the 27th year of Asa; and as he reigned only {seven} days, and Omri immediately succeeded him, this could not be the 31st, but in the 27th year of Asa. Jarchi, from {Sedar Olam}, reconciles this, by stating that Tibni and Omri began to reign {jointly} in the 27th year of Asa; and that Tibni dying about {five} years afterwards, Omri began to reign {alone} in the 31st year of Asa. 17265-900817-2127-1Ki16.24 of Ephraim, twelve miles from Dothaim and four from Atharoth, according to Eusebius, and one day's journey from Jerusalem, according to Josephus. 17266-900817-2127-1Ki16.25 17267-900817-2129-1Ki16.26 17268-900817-2130-1Ki16.27 17269-900817-2130-1Ki16.28 17270-900817-2131-1Ki16.29 17271-900817-2131-1Ki16.30 17272-900817-2134-1Ki16.31 17273-900817-2134-1Ki16.32 17274-900817-2135-1Ki16.33 17275-900817-2136-1Ki16.34 17276-900817-2200-1Ki17.1 where the ravens feed him. 8-16 He is sent to the widow of Zarephath 17-23 He raises the widow's son 24 The woman believes him 17277-900817-2201-1Ki17.2 17278-900817-2202-1Ki17.3 17279-900817-2203-1Ki17.4 17280-900817-2211-1Ki17.5 word, which may, by the perverseness of their argument and the ingenuity of their surmise, be made {to appear} inconsistent with fact. In this case, they are not satisfied with being expressly told by God that the ravens supplied Elijah with food, while the brook gave him drink, but apparently to mystify a manifest miracle, they suggest whether these ravens might not be merchantmen, or the inhabitants of a neighborouring town. Let any unprejudiced reader and lover of the Bible take the whole history of Elijah, and he will find that his life was almost a daily illustration of the power of God in his miraculous interpositions. Instance the supply of provision in the unwasting barrel of meal and cruse of oil, after the prophet had removed to Zarephath: the power communicated to him to raise the widow's son from death: the wonderful interposition of the Lord to prove the folly of Baal's worshippers, in sending down fire from heaven to consume Elijah's sacrifce and lick up the water, although the sacrifice had been saturated therewith, and the altar surrounded by a deep trench to prevent its running away. The prayer for rain is another instance: the sojourn in Horeb fory days and forty nights, after having eaten of the cake: the smiting of the waters at Jordan: the fall of the mantle on Elisha: and finally, in the closing scene of life, he was taken to glory without tasting the pains of death, the sting was taken away. 17281-900817-2213-1Ki17.6 17282-900817-2213-1Ki17.7 17283-900817-2214-1Ki17.8 17284-900817-2215-1Ki17.9 17285-900817-2215-1Ki17.10 17286-900817-2216-1Ki17.11 17287-900817-2218-1Ki17.12 17288-900817-2219-1Ki17.13 17289-900817-2220-1Ki17.14 17290-900817-2221-1Ki17.15 17291-900817-2223-1Ki17.16 17292-900817-2224-1Ki17.17 17293-900817-2226-1Ki17.18 17294-900817-2227-1Ki17.19 17295-900817-2228-1Ki17.20 17296-900817-2229-1Ki17.21 17297-900817-2230-1Ki17.22 17298-900817-2231-1Ki17.23 17299-900817-2232-1Ki17.24 17300-900817-2238-1Ki18.1 Obadiah 9-16 Obadiah brings Ahab to Elijah 17-40 Elijah, reproving Ahab, by fire from heaven convinces Baal's prophets 41-46 Elijah, by prayer obtaining rain, follows Ahab to Jezreel This form of expression, both in Hebrew and Latin, means `after the third year,' i.e. some time between the third and fourth year. 17301-900817-2239-1Ki18.2 17302-900817-2241-1Ki18.3 17303-900817-2242-1Ki18.4 17304-900817-2243-1Ki18.5 the beasts. 17305-900817-2244-1Ki18.6 17306-900817-2245-1Ki18.7 17307-900817-2245-1Ki18.8 17308-900817-2246-1Ki18.9 17309-900817-2247-1Ki18.10 17310-900817-2248-1Ki18.11 17311-900817-2249-1Ki18.12 17312-900817-2250-1Ki18.13 17313-900817-2251-1Ki18.14 17314-900817-2253-1Ki18.15 17316-900817-2253-1Ki18.17 17317-900817-2254-1Ki18.18 17318-900817-2302-1Ki18.19 Mount Crmel is situated north of Dora and south of Ptolemais or Acre, from which it is distant, according to Josephus, 120 stadia, or, according to Thevenot, 10 miles; one of its principal point advancing considerably into the Mediterranean, and forming an elevated promontory. It is described as a flattend cone, about 2000 feet (some say 1500) in height, very rocky, its sides steep and rugged, and the soil neither deep nor rich. Capt. Mangles says its is now quite barren, though at the north-eastern foot of it there are some pretty olive-grounds. it is equally certain, that in others, as here, it must signify an idol; and it is thought by learned men to be the same as {Ashtoreth, or Astarte} the Syrian {Venus}. 17319-900817-2302-1Ki18.20 17320-900818-1729-1Ki18.21 17321-900818-1810-1Ki18.22 17323-900818-1811-1Ki18.24 17325-900818-1813-1Ki18.26 17326-900818-1818-1Ki18.27 Such were the absurd and degrading notions which the heathens entertained of their gods. `Vishnoo sleeps four months of the year; and to each of the gods some particular business is assigned. Vayoo manages the winds; Vuroonu the waters, etc. According to a number of fables in the pooranus, the gods are often out on journeys or expeditions.' Ward's views of the Hindoos, vol ii p. 324 17327-900818-1819-1Ki18.28 them. 17328-900818-1821-1Ki18.29 17329-900818-1824-1Ki18.30 This altar of Jehovah was probably built in the time of the judges; and it was even known among the heathen by the name of the {altar of Carmel}. both Tacitus and Suetonius mention an altar on mount Carmel, which Vespasian went to consult: there was no temple nor statue, but simply an altar, venerable for its antiquity. 17330-900818-1825-1Ki18.31 17331-900818-1826-1Ki18.32 17332-900818-1827-1Ki18.33 17333-900818-1827-1Ki18.34 17334-900818-1828-1Ki18.35 17335-900818-1831-1Ki18.36 17336-900818-1833-1Ki18.37 17337-900818-1834-1Ki18.38 17338-900818-1835-1Ki18.39 17339-900818-1836-1Ki18.40 17340-900818-1836-1Ki18.41 17341-900818-1838-1Ki18.42 17342-900818-1838-1Ki18.43 17343-900818-1843-1Ki18.44 Kekaph ish, `like the hollow of a man's hand;' in the form of a hand bent, concave side downmost. Mr. Bruce mentions a similar cloud in Abyssinia, as attending the innundation of the Nile. `Every morning, about nine, a small cloud, not above four feet broad, appears in the east, whirling violently round, as if upon an axis; but arrived near the zenith, it first abates its motion, then loses its form, and extends itself greatly, and seems to call up vapours from all opposite quarters. These clouds having attained nearly the same height, rush against each other with great violence, and put me always in mind of Elijah foretelling rain on Mount Carmel.' 17344-900818-1844-1Ki18.45 3 1ki 21.1,23 jos 19.18 2sa 2.9 2ki 9.16 17345-900818-1846-1Ki18.46 17346-900818-1849-1Ki19.1 4-8 In the wilderness, being eary of his life, he is comforted by an angel 9-18 At Horeb God appears unto him, sending hime to anoint Hazael, Jehu, and Elisha 19-21 Elisha, taking leave of his friends, follows Elijah 17347-900818-1851-1Ki19.2 17348-900818-1853-1Ki19.3 17349-900818-1855-1Ki19.4 17350-900818-1855-1Ki19.5 17351-900818-1856-1Ki19.6 17352-900818-1857-1Ki19.7 17353-900818-1858-1Ki19.8 17354-900818-1859-1Ki19.9 17355-900818-1902-1Ki19.10 17356-900818-1906-1Ki19.11 17357-900818-1908-1Ki19.12 17358-900818-1909-1Ki19.13 This he did to signify his reverence; for covering the face was a token of respect among the Asiatics, as uncovering the head is among Europeans. 17359-900818-1910-1Ki19.14 17360-900818-1913-1Ki19.15 been that part of Arabia Deserta which lay on the south-east of that city, and east of the Trachonites, or the Djebel haouran and El Ledja; at which the prophet could arrive without meeting Jezebel or any of his enemies. 17361-900818-1914-1Ki19.16 17362-900818-1916-1Ki19.17 17363-900818-1920-1Ki19.18 Idolators often {kissed their} hand in honour of their idols; and hence the origin of {adoration} from {ad, to} and {os, oris mouth} Cicero mentions a statue of Hercules, the chin and lips of which were considerably {worn} by the {kissing} of his worshippers. 17364-900818-1921-1Ki19.19 17365-900818-1922-1Ki19.20 17366-900818-1924-1Ki19.21 17367-900818-1930-1Ki20.1 13-21 By the direction of a prophet, the Syrians are slain 22-27 As the prophet forewarned Ahab, the Syrians, trusting in the valleys, come against him in Aphek 28-30 By the word of the prophet, and God's judgment, the Syrians are smitten again 31-34 The Syrians submitting themselves, Ahab sends Ben-hadad away with a covenant 35-43 The prophet, under the the parable of a prisoner, making Ahab judge himself, denounces God's judgment against him 17368-900818-1931-1Ki20.2 17369-900818-1931-1Ki20.3 17370-900818-1932-1Ki20.4 17372-900818-1933-1Ki20.6 17373-900818-1935-1Ki20.7 17376-900818-1936-1Ki20.10 17377-900818-1939-1Ki20.11 This was no doubt a proverbial mode of expression. Jonathan renders it: `Let not him who girds himself, and goes down to battle, boast as one who has conquered and returned from it.' The word harness is an obsolete word for armour, derived from the French harnois 17378-900818-2019-1Ki20.12 That persons of regal dignity regaled themsleves in this manner we may learn from Dr. Chandler, who, when he went to visit the Aga of Suki, after his return from hawking, found him vexed and tired; and `a couch was prepared from him beneath a shed made against a cottage, and covered with green boughs to keep off the sun. He entered as we were standing by, and fell down on it to sleep, without taking any notice of us.' 17379-900818-2020-1Ki20.13 17380-900818-2021-1Ki20.14 17381-900818-2022-1Ki20.15 17382-900818-2030-1Ki20.16 king, who gave orders over his cups, while he was drinking at noon. Drunkennnes is a sin which is most detestable in all, but more so in a king than in a private individual, in asmuch as the greater weight a man's situation carries, whether from accumulated riches, family connections, hereditary authority, or invested command, so is the influence which his vices must have on those around him. Perhaps it may be said, from past experience, that drunkenness, which is a most heinous sin in the sight of God, may be charged on those who indulge {only now and then} in that which may eventually lead them into drunkenness; for they shut their eyes against the most palpable facts, and rather than give up the paltry gratification of a debach, involve thousands by their example to positive harm. Ben-hadad's drunkeness was the forerunner of his fall. Belshazzar also, we read, drank wine with his princes, his wives, and his concubines, and praised the gods of gold, silver, brass, iron, wood, and stone: and in the {same hour} came forth the finger of a man's hand and wrote his doom on the plaster of the wall. Those who fancy themselves perfectly secure, and above the possibility of falling, are commonly nearest their destruction: there is always an Ahab read to take advantage of and improve the self-imposed imbecility. 17383-900818-2030-1Ki20.17 17384-900818-2031-1Ki20.18 17386-900818-2032-1Ki20.20 17387-900818-2033-1Ki20.21 17388-900818-2034-1Ki20.22 17389-900818-2036-1Ki20.23 It was the general belief in the heathen world, that each district had its tutelary and protecting diety, who could do nothing out his own province. 17390-900818-2036-1Ki20.24 17391-900818-2036-1Ki20.25 17392-900818-2039-1Ki20.26 Supposed to the the Aphek near the river Adonis, between Heliopolis and Biblos, and probably the same place that Paul Luca mentions in his Voyage to the Levant. It was swallowed up by an earthquake, and formed a lake about nine miles in circumference, in which he says there were several houses still to be seen entire, under the water. 17393-900818-2040-1Ki20.27 17394-900818-2043-1Ki20.28 17395-900818-2043-1Ki20.29 17396-900818-2045-1Ki20.30 chamber within a chamber. 17397-900818-2057-1Ki20.31 Six of the citizens of Calais are reported to have acted nearly in the same manner, when they surrendered their city to Edward the Third, king of England, in 1346. See the whole story circumstantially related by Sir John Froissart, (who lived in that time,) with that simplicity and detail that give it every appearance of truth. 17398-900818-2059-1Ki20.32 17399-900818-2108-1Ki20.33 17400-900818-2117-1Ki20.34 One of the conditions of this covenant, we learn, was, that Ahab should have `streets (chutzoth) in Damascus;' a proposal better relished by Ahab then understood by the generality of commentators. This, however, is well illustrated by Mr. Harmer, from William of Tyre, the great historian of the Crusades; from whom it appears that it was customary to give those nations which were engaged in them, churches, streets, and great jurisdiction therein, in those places which they assisted to conquer. The Genoese and Venetians had each a street in Acon, or Acre, in which they had their own jurisdiction, with liberty to have an oven, mill, baths, weights, and measures, 17401-900818-2119-1Ki20.35 17402-900818-2120-1Ki20.36 17403-900818-2121-1Ki20.37 17404-900818-2121-1Ki20.38 17405-900818-2123-1Ki20.39 17406-900818-2124-1Ki20.40 17407-900818-2125-1Ki20.41 17408-900818-2125-1Ki20.42 17409-900818-2126-1Ki20.43 17410-900818-2130-1Ki21.1 5-14 Jezebel writing letters against Naboth, he is condemed of blasphemy 15,16 Ahab take possession of the vineyard 17-24 Elijah denounces judgments against Ahab and Jezebel 25-29 Wicked Ahab repenting, God defers the judgment 17411-900818-2134-1Ki21.2 The request of Ahab, at first view, appears fair and honourable. But, as he most evidentally wished Naboth to {alienate it finally}, which was expressly forbidden and provided against in the law of God, (Le 25.14-28,) it was high iniquity in Ahab to tempt him to do it, and to covet it showed the depravity of his soul. 17412-900818-2135-1Ki21.3 17413-900818-2137-1Ki21.4 17414-900818-2138-1Ki21.5 17415-900818-2139-1Ki21.6 17416-900818-2140-1Ki21.7 17417-900818-2142-1Ki21.8 17418-900818-2143-1Ki21.9 17419-900818-2147-1Ki21.10 Some, with Parkhurst, would render the original, bairachta elohim wamailech, `Thou hast blessed the gods and Molech;' a sense, however, which seems extremely forced, and not acknowledged by any of the ancient versions, though the LXX and Vulgate render bairachata by (), benedixit, `blessed.' It is no unusual thing for a word to have opposite senses. 17420-900818-2148-1Ki21.11 17421-900818-2149-1Ki21.12 17422-900818-2151-1Ki21.13 17423-900818-2152-1Ki21.14 17424-900818-2152-1Ki21.15 17425-900818-2153-1Ki21.16 17426-900818-2153-1Ki21.17 17427-900818-2154-1Ki21.18 17428-900818-2157-1Ki21.19 This punishment, on Ahab's humiliation and repentence, was transferred from him to his son Jehoram, (ver. 29) in whom it was literally accomplished: 17429-900818-2158-1Ki21.20 17430-900818-2220-1Ki21.21 17431-900818-2221-1Ki21.22 17432-900818-2226-1Ki21.23 Shocking as this must appear to minds that have been humanized by the kindly influence of Christianity, we still find similar instances in the accounts of modern travellers. Mr. Bruce says, that when at Gondar, `the bodies of those killed by the sword were hewn to pieces and scattered about the streets, being denied burial. I was miserable, and almost driven to despair, at seeing my hunting dogs, twice let loose by the carelessness of my servants, bringing into the court-yard the heads and arms of slaughtered men, and which I could no way prevent, but by the destruction of the dogs themselves.' 17433-900818-2227-1Ki21.24 17434-900818-2229-1Ki21.25 17435-900818-2232-1Ki21.26 17436-900818-2233-1Ki21.27 17438-900818-2236-1Ki21.29 17439-900818-2239-1Ki22.1 Michaiah, is slain at Ramoth-gilead 37-40 The dogs lick up his blood, and Ahaziah succeeds him 41-44 Jehosaphat's good reign 45 His acts 46-50 Jehoram succeeds him 51-53 Ahaziah;s evil reign 17440-900818-2241-1Ki22.2 17441-900818-2242-1Ki22.3 17442-900818-2243-1Ki22.4 17443-900818-2245-1Ki22.5 17444-900818-2250-1Ki22.6 This prophecy is couched in the {ambiguous terms} in which the heathen oracles were delivered. It may mean, either `The Lord will deliver it (Ramoth Gilead) into the king's (Ahab's) hand;' or, `The Lord will deliver (Israel) into the king's (of Syria) hand.' So in the famous reply of the Delphian oracle to Pyrrhus: `I shalt say to thee, Pyrrhus the Romans shall overcome: thou shalt go, thou shalt return never in war shalt thou perish.' 17445-900818-2250-1Ki22.7 17446-900818-2254-1Ki22.8 17447-900818-2254-1Ki22.9 17448-900818-2256-1Ki22.10 17449-900818-2257-1Ki22.11 17450-900818-2258-1Ki22.12 17451-900818-2258-1Ki22.13 17452-900818-2300-1Ki22.14 17453-900819-0918-1Ki22.15 This was strong {irony}; they were the precise words of the false prophets; but were spoken by Micaiah in such a tone and manner as at once shewed Ahab that he did not believe, but ridiculed these words of uncertainty. The reply of the Dephian oracle to Crosesus was as ambiguous as they returned to Pyrrhus, `If Croesus crosses the Halys, he will overthrow a great empire.' This he understood of the empire of Cyrus; the event proved it to be his own: he was deluded, yet the oracle maintained its credit. 17454-900818-2305-1Ki22.16 17455-900818-2306-1Ki22.17 17456-900818-2307-1Ki22.18 17457-900818-2310-1Ki22.19 Micaiah evidently gives here an account of what appeared to him in a vision: many of the circumstances must be considered as parabolical; for truth, rather than facts, is revealed in such representations. 17458-900818-2312-1Ki22.20 17459-900818-2313-1Ki22.21 17460-900818-2314-1Ki22.22 17461-900818-2316-1Ki22.23 17462-900818-2317-1Ki22.24 17463-900818-2319-1Ki22.25 17464-900818-2319-1Ki22.26 17465-900818-2321-1Ki22.27 17466-900818-2322-1Ki22.28 17467-900818-2322-1Ki22.29 17468-900818-2324-1Ki22.30 the battle. 17469-900818-2325-1Ki22.31 17470-900818-2326-1Ki22.32 17471-900818-2327-1Ki22.33 17472-900818-2329-1Ki22.34 17473-900818-2329-1Ki22.35 17474-900818-2330-1Ki22.36 17475-900818-2332-1Ki22.37 17476-900818-2335-1Ki22.38 17477-900818-2337-1Ki22.39 That is, probably, deocrated with ivory in such abundance as to merit the appellation of an {ivory house}. 17478-900818-2338-1Ki22.40 17479-900818-2339-1Ki22.41 `Began to reign alone' 17480-900818-2340-1Ki22.42 17481-900818-2342-1Ki22.43 17482-900818-2342-1Ki22.44 17483-900818-2343-1Ki22.45 17484-900818-2344-1Ki22.46 17485-900818-2344-1Ki22.47 17486-900818-2350-1Ki22.48 Josephus and the Chaldee and Arabic praphrasts explain this place of Tarsus in Cilcia; the LXX Theodoret, and Jerome, understand it of Carthage; but the learned Bochart makes it Tartessus, an island in the straits of Gades. Ibn Haukal describes Tarsousa as belonging to Andalus, or Analusial and Festus Avienus expressly says, [Hic gadir urbs est dicta Tartessus prius,] `the city Cadiz was formerly called Tartessus.' 17488-900818-2351-1Ki22.50 17489-900818-2352-1Ki22.51 17490-900818-2354-1Ki22.52 17491-900818-2355-1Ki22.53 17492-900819-1719-2Ki1.1 CONCLUDING REMARKS ON THE TWO BOOKS OF KINGS The events detailed in these books are highly interesting and important. The account of the wisdom, magnificence, and extended commerce of Solomon; the rash and impolitic conduct of Rehoboam; the disobedient prophet; the widow of Zarepath; Elijah and the prophets of Baal; Ben-hadad's pride and defeat; Elijah's assumption into heaven; Elisha's succession to his ministry, and the series of illustrious miracles he performed; the panic flight of the Syrians; the history of Ben-hadad and Hazael; and the predicted death of Ahab and Jezebel, and their children, are all pregnant with instruction, and have furnished themes for frequent dissertation. We perceive in these impressive histories the characters and qualities of men painted with the utmost fidelity, and the attributes of God displayed with great effect: we contemplate the exact accomplishment of God's promises and threatenings, the wisdom of his dispensations, and the mingled justice and mercy of his government. The particulars and circumstances are sketched out with a brief and lively description, and the imagination lingers with pleasure in filling up the striking outlines presented to our view. The authenticity of these books is attested by the prophecies they contain, which were subsequently fulfilled; by the citation of our Saviour and his Apostles; by their universal reception by the Jewish and Christian churches; and by the corresponding testimonies of profane authors and ancient sculptures. --------------------------- Chapter 1 of 2nd Kings ------------- ------- 2-4 Ahaziah, sending to baal-zebub, hath his judgement by Elijah 5-12 Elijah twice brings fire from heaven upon them whom Ahaziah sent to apprehend him. 13-16 He pities the third captain, and, encouraged by an angel, tells the king of his death 17-18 Jehoram succeeds Ahazaih 17493-900819-0931-2Ki1.2 The flat roofs of the eastern houses are generally surrounded by a parapet wall breast high; but instead of this, some terraces are guarded with balustrades only, or latticed work. Of the same kind, probably, was the lattice, or net, as the term {shevaca} seems to import, through which Ahaziah fell into the court. This incident proves the necessity of the law for the formation of battlements for roof, (De 22.8) which God graciously dictated from Sinai, which furnishes a beautiful example of his paternal care and goodness; for the terrace was a place wehre many offices of the family were performed, and business frequently transacted. 17494-900819-0932-2Ki1.3 17495-900819-0934-2Ki1.4 shalt not come down from it. 17497-900819-0934-2Ki1.6 17498-900819-0935-2Ki1.7 17499-900819-0938-2Ki1.8 That is, he wore a {rough garment}, either made of camel's hair as that of John Baptist, or of a skin, dressed with the {hair on}. Sir J. Chardin informs us, in a MS. note on this place, cited by Mr. Harmer, that the eastern dervishes and fakers are clothed just as Elijah was, with a {hairy} garment, girded with a leathern girdle. 17500-900819-0940-2Ki1.9 17501-900819-0943-2Ki1.10 LXX render () fire shall come down; Elijah's words being simply declarative, and not imprecatory. 17502-900819-0944-2Ki1.11 17503-900819-0945-2Ki1.12 17504-900819-1608-2Ki1.13 17505-900819-1609-2Ki1.14 17506-900819-1610-2Ki1.15 17507-900819-1614-2Ki1.16 Literally, `the lord of flies;' or, as the LXX render, Baal the fly god. See note on ex 8.24 In the East there is usually at the end of each chamber a little gallery, raised three or four feet above the floor, with a balustrade in front, to which they go up a few steps: here they place their beds; an allusion to which situation is involved in this declaration of Elijah's, and frequently referred to in the Sacred Scriptures 17508-900819-1617-2Ki1.17 As it is said in ch 3.1, that he began his reign in the {eighteenth of Jehosaphat,} it is supposed that Jehosaphat admitted his son Jehoram to reign with him eight or nine years before his death. `The second year that Jehoram was Prorex, and the eighteenth of Jehosaphat.' 17509-900819-1617-2Ki1.18 17510-900819-1622-2Ki2.1 Jordan 9-11 and, granting Elisha his request, is taken up by a fiery chariot into heaven 12-15 Elisha, dividing Jordan with Elijah's mantle, is acknowledged his successor 16-18 The young prophets, hardly obtaining leave to seek Elijah, cannot find him. 19-22 Elisha with salt heals the unwholesome waters 23-25 Bears destroy the children that mocked Elisha 17511-900819-1624-2Ki2.2 17512-900819-1625-2Ki2.3 17513-900819-1626-2Ki2.4 17514-900819-1628-2Ki2.5 `disciples of the prophets.' 17516-900819-1629-2Ki2.7 17517-900819-1631-2Ki2.8 `his sheep skin' says the Septuagint; the skins of sheep being formerly worn by prophets as the simple insignia of their office 17518-900819-1635-2Ki2.9 This probably refers to the law respecting the first-born, who had a double portion of the property of his father. As Elisha may have considered himself as the first-born of Elijah, so he requested a double portion of his spiritual influence. 17519-900819-1636-2Ki2.10 17520-900819-1638-2Ki2.11 17521-900819-1640-2Ki2.12 17522-900819-1641-2Ki2.13 17523-900819-1642-2Ki2.14 17524-900819-1643-2Ki2.15 17525-900819-1644-2Ki2.16 17526-900819-1645-2Ki2.17 17528-900819-1646-2Ki2.19 17529-900819-1647-2Ki2.20 17530-900819-1648-2Ki2.21 17532-900819-1656-2Ki2.23 The words () not only signify {little children} but {young men}; for {katon} signifies not only {little}, but {young,} in opposition to {old;} and () signifes not only a {child}, but a {young man} grown to years of maturity: thus Isaac is called () when {twenty-eight} years old, Joseph when {thirty-nine}, and Rehoboam when {forty.} These idolatrous {young men}, having heard of the ascension of Elijah, without believing it, blasphemously bade Elisha to follow him. The venerable prophet, from a Divine impulse, pronounced a {curse} `in the name of the Lord,' which was immediately followed by the most terrible judgment; thus evincing the Source from which it flowed. 17533-900819-1700-2Ki2.24 17534-900819-1701-2Ki2.25 17535-900819-1706-2Ki3.1 4,5 Mesha rebels 6-20 Jehoram, with Jehoshaphat, and the king of Edom, being distressed for want of water, by Elisha obtains water, and promise of victory 21-25 The Moabites, deceived by the colour of the water, coming to spoil, are overcome 26,27 The king of Moab, failing in his attempt to break through to the king of Edom, sacrifices his son, and raises the siege 17536-900819-1707-2Ki3.2 17537-900819-1709-2Ki3.3 17538-900819-1721-2Ki3.4 17539-900819-1721-2Ki3.5 17540-900819-1722-2Ki3.6 17541-900819-1723-2Ki3.7 17542-900819-1725-2Ki3.8 The wilderness of Edom was probably the same as that of {Zin} or {Kadesh}, through which the children of Israel passed; extending southward from the Dead Sea, to the eastern branch of the Red Sea. See note on Nu 13.21 17543-900819-1726-2Ki3.9 17544-900819-1726-2Ki3.10 17545-900819-1730-2Ki3.11 That is, was his constant and confidential servant. Mr. Hanway, speaking of a Persian supper, says, `Supper being now brought in, a servant presented a basin of water, and a napkin hung over his shoulders; he went to every one in the company, and {poured water} on their hands to wash.' 17546-900819-1731-2Ki3.12 17547-900819-1732-2Ki3.13 17548-900819-1734-2Ki3.14 17549-900819-1736-2Ki3.15 This was evidently intended to soothe and tranquillize the prophet's mind, which had been agitated and discomposed with holy indignation by the presence of the idolatrous king, and the recollection of his abomination. The soothing influence of music is genrally acknowledged in every civilized nation. 17550-900819-1737-2Ki3.16 17551-900819-1738-2Ki3.17 17552-900819-1739-2Ki3.18 17553-900819-1740-2Ki3.19 17554-900819-1741-2Ki3.20 This supply was altogether miraculous; for there was neither wind nor rain, nor any other natural means to furnish it. 17555-900819-1742-2Ki3.21 17556-900819-1743-2Ki3.22 17557-900819-1746-2Ki3.23 17558-900819-1747-2Ki3.24 17559-900819-1750-2Ki3.25 Kir-haraseth. Supposed to be the same as {Ar}, or Areopolis, the capital of Moab 17560-900819-1750-2Ki3.26 17561-900819-1756-2Ki3.27 In cases of great extremity, it was customary in various heathen nations, to offer {human} sacrifices, and even their own {children.} This was frequent among the Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans, Scythians, Gauls, Africans, and others; and was the natural fruit of a religious system which had for the objects of its worship cruel and and merciless divinities. The king of Moab, in this case, sacrificed his son to obtain the favour of Chemosh {his god}, who, being a devil, delighted in blood and murder, and the destruction of mankind. The dearer any thing was to them, the more acceptable those idolaters thought the sacrifice, and therefore burnt their children in the fire to their honour. 17562-900819-1800-2Ki4.1 8-17 He obtains a son for the good Shunamite 18-37 He restores her son when dead 38-41 At Gilgal he heals the deadly pottage 42-44 He satisfies an hundred men with twenty loaves 17563-900819-1801-2Ki4.2 17564-900819-1802-2Ki4.3 17565-900819-1803-2Ki4.4 17566-900819-1804-2Ki4.5 17567-900819-1806-2Ki4.6 17568-900819-1806-2Ki4.7 17569-900819-1810-2Ki4.8 This city was situated in the tribe of Issachar, five miles south from mount Tabor, according to Eusebius; and is probably the place which he calls {sanim}, in Acrabatene, in the neighborhood of Samaria or Sebaste. 17570-900819-1811-2Ki4.9 17571-900819-1814-2Ki4.10 An () or (), as the Arabs call it; a small back house annexed to the principal dwelling, in which the prophet could live in a great privacy as in his own house, and to which he could retire at pleasure, without breaking in upon the private affairs of the family, or being in his turn interrupted by them in his devotions. See the notes on Ju 3.20 17573-900819-1814-2Ki4.12 17574-900819-2156-2Ki4.13 17575-900819-2158-2Ki4.14 17576-900819-2158-2Ki4.15 17577-900819-2200-2Ki4.16 17578-900819-2201-2Ki4.17 17579-900819-2202-2Ki4.18 17580-900819-2203-2Ki4.19 From this peculiar exclamation, and the season of the year, it is probable he was affected by the {coup de soleil}, or stroke of the sun, which is by no means uncommon in hot climates, and often proves fatal. 17581-900819-2204-2Ki4.20 17582-900819-2205-2Ki4.21 17583-900819-2205-2Ki4.22 17584-900819-2206-2Ki4.23 17585-900819-2210-2Ki4.24 These animals were not anciently, as now, used only by the lower classes, but were in general use among the noble and chief personages of the East, and it was not unusual for even the husband to walk by the side of his wife while thus riding; the driver, as was the custom, following. The Shunamite, when she went to the prophet, did not desire so much attendance; but only requested her husband to send her an ass and its driver. 17586-900819-2210-2Ki4.25 17587-900819-2211-2Ki4.26 17588-900819-2213-2Ki4.27 17589-900819-2215-2Ki4.28 17590-900819-2216-2Ki4.29 17591-900819-2217-2Ki4.30 17592-900819-2219-2Ki4.31 17593-900819-2219-2Ki4.32 17594-900819-2220-2Ki4.33 17595-900819-2221-2Ki4.34 17596-900819-2222-2Ki4.35 17597-900819-2223-2Ki4.36 17598-900819-2223-2Ki4.37 17599-900819-2225-2Ki4.38 17600-900819-2231-2Ki4.39 The word () from {peka}, in Chaldee, to burst, and in Syriac, to crack, thunder, is generally supposed to be the fruits of the coloquintida, or colocynth; whose leaves are large, placed alternately, very much like those of the {vine}, whence it might be called a {wild vine}: the flowers are white, and the fruit of the gourd kind, of the size of a large apple, and when ripe, of a yellow colour, and a pleasant and inviting appearance. It ranks among vegetable {poisons}, as all intense bitters do; but, judiciously employed, it is of considerable use in medicine. It is said that the fruit, when ripe, is so full of wind that it burts, and throws its liquor and seeds to a great distance: and if touched, before it breaks of itself, it flies open with an explosion, and discharges it foetid contents in the face of him who touched it. 17601-900819-2232-2Ki4.40 17602-900819-2233-2Ki4.41 17603-900819-2238-2Ki4.42 Note: Parched corn, or corn to be parched; full ears before they are ripe, parched on the fire: a very frequent food in the East. The loaves were probably extremely samll, as their loaves of bread still are in eastern countries. But small as this may appear, it would be a considerable present in the time of famine; though very inadequate to the number of persons. present was an inhabitant, was situated, according to Eusebius and Jerome, fifteen miles north of Diospolis, or Lydda. 17604-900819-2239-2Ki4.43 17606-900819-2245-2Ki5.1 to be cured of his leprosy 8-14 Elisha, sending him to Jordan cures him 15-19 He refusing Naaman's gifts grants him some of the earth 20-27 Gehazi, abusing his master's name unto Naaman, is smitten with leprosy countenance 17607-900819-2245-2Ki5.2 17608-900819-2247-2Ki5.3 17609-900819-2247-2Ki5.4 17610-900819-2252-2Ki5.5 This, at 353l. 11s. 10.5 d. the talent, would amount to 3535 l. 18s. 9d. If shekels are meant, as the Arabic reads, then this, at 1l. 16s. 5d. each, will amount to 10.925l; and the whole to 14,464l. 18s. 9d.: besides the value of the ten changes of raiment. 17612-900820-1955-2Ki5.7 17613-900820-1956-2Ki5.8 17614-900820-1957-2Ki5.9 17616-900820-2000-2Ki5.11 surely come out, etc. 17617-900820-2004-2Ki5.12 This river is evidently the Barrade, or Barada, as the Arabic renders, the Chrysorrhoas of the Greeks, which taking its rise in Antilibanu, runs eastward towards Damascus, where it is divided into three streams, one of which passes through the city, and the other two through the gardens; which reuniting at the east of the city, forms a lake about five or six leagues to the south-easst, called Behairat el Marj, or, Lake of the Meadow. Pharpar was probably one of the branches. 17618-900820-2006-2Ki5.13 17619-900820-2007-2Ki5.14 17620-900820-2010-2Ki5.15 17621-900820-2011-2Ki5.16 17622-900820-2012-2Ki5.17 17623-900820-2017-2Ki5.18 This verse should probably, as many learned men have supposed, be read in the {past}, and not in the {future} tense: `In this thing the Lord pardon thy servant, that when my master {went} into the house of Rimmon to worship there, and he {leaned} on my hand, and I {worshipped} in the house of Rimmon; in that I have {worshipped} in the house of Rimmon, the Lord pardon thy servant in this thing.' the Phoenecians, borrowed undoubtedly from the {Elyon} of the Hebrews, one of the names of God. 17624-900820-2019-2Ki5.19 17625-900820-2021-2Ki5.20 17626-900820-2022-2Ki5.21 17627-900820-2023-2Ki5.22 17628-900820-2024-2Ki5.23 17629-900820-2025-2Ki5.24 17630-900820-2028-2Ki5.25 17631-900820-2030-2Ki5.26 17632-900820-2031-2Ki5.27 17633-900820-2035-2Ki6.1 dwellings, causes iron to swim. 8-12 He discloses the king of Syria's counsel 13-18 The army which was sent to Dothan to apprehend Elisha, is smitten with blindness 19-23 Being brought into Samaria, they are dismissed in peace 24-29 The famine in Samaria cuases women to eat their own children 30-33 The king sends to slay Elisha 17634-900820-2037-2Ki6.2 17635-900820-2037-2Ki6.3 17636-900820-2038-2Ki6.4 17637-900820-2039-2Ki6.5 17638-900820-2041-2Ki6.6 This could have no natural tendancy to raise the iron and cause it to swim: it was only a sign, or ceremony, which the prophet chose to employ on the occasion. This was the real miracle; for the gravity of the metal must otherwise still have kept it at the bottom of the river. 17639-900820-2042-2Ki6.7 17640-900820-2043-2Ki6.8 17641-900820-2044-2Ki6.9 17642-900820-2046-2Ki6.10 To see if it were so. but the Vulgate renders, `the king of Israel sent to the place, and pre-occupied it;' which is very likely, though not expressed in the Hebrew text. 17643-900820-2047-2Ki6.11 17644-900820-2049-2Ki6.12 17645-900820-2052-2Ki6.13 This is supposed to be the same place where Joseph was sold by his brethren; and it is placed by Eusebius 12 miles north of Samaria. 17646-900820-2054-2Ki6.14 It is strange the Syrian monarch did not think, that he who could penetrate his secrets with respect to the Israelitish army, could inform himself of all the machinations against his own life. 17647-900820-2058-2Ki6.15 17648-900820-2100-2Ki6.16 17649-900820-2102-2Ki6.17 17650-900820-2104-2Ki6.18 Confound their sight, so that they may not know what they see; and so mistake one place for another. The word {sanverim}, rendered {blindness}, occurs only here and in Ge 19.11 17651-900820-2105-2Ki6.19 17652-900820-2105-2Ki6.20 17653-900820-2107-2Ki6.21 This was dastardly: the utmost he ought to have done with these men, when thus brought into his hand, was to make them prisoners of war. 17654-900820-2108-2Ki6.22 17655-900820-2110-2Ki6.23 That is, for a considerable. What is mentioned in the next verse was more than a year afterwards. 17656-900820-2110-2Ki6.24 17657-900820-2120-2Ki6.25 If the {pieces} of silver were {dracms}, the whole would amount 2l. 9s.; which was a great price for so {mean} a part of this {unclean} animal. This probably denotes, as Bochart, Scheuchzer, and others suppose, a kind of {pulse}, or {vetches}, which the Arabs still call {pigeon's dung}. `They never,' says Dr. Sahw, `constitute a dish by themselves, but are strewed singly as a garnish over {cuscasowe, pillowe}, and other dishes. They are besides in the greatest repute after they are parched in pans and ovens; then assuming the name {leb-lebby;} ' and he thinks they were so called from being pointed at one end, and acquiring an ash colour in parching. 17658-900820-2121-2Ki6.26 17659-900820-2122-2Ki6.27 17660-900820-2123-2Ki6.28 17661-900820-2123-2Ki6.29 17662-900820-2124-2Ki6.30 17663-900820-2125-2Ki6.31 17664-900820-2126-2Ki6.32 17665-900820-2129-2Ki6.33 17666-900820-2139-2Ki7.1 3-11 four lepers, venturing on the host of the Syrians, bring tidings of their flight 12-16 The king, finding by spies the news to be true, spoils the tents of the Syrians. 17-20 The lord who would not believe the prophecy of plenty, having the charge of the gate, is trodden to death in the press A seah of flour: the seah was about two gallons and a half; the shekel 2s. 4d. at the lowest computation: a wide difference between this and the price of the ass's head. From this it appears that the gates were not only used as courts of judicature, but as market-places. So Mr. Morier observe: `In our rides we usually went out of the town at the {Derwazeh Shah Abdul}, of the gate leading to the village of Shah Abdul Azeem, where a market was held every morning, particularly of horses, mules, asses, and camels. At about sun-rise, the owners of the animals assemble and exhibit them for sale. But besides, here were sellers of all sorts of goods, in temporary shops and tents: and this, perhaps, will explain the custom alluded to in 2ki 7.18.' 17667-900820-2141-2Ki7.2 hand. 17668-900820-2142-2Ki7.3 17669-900820-2142-2Ki7.4 17670-900820-2144-2Ki7.5 17671-900820-2146-2Ki7.6 17672-900820-2148-2Ki7.7 17673-900820-2149-2Ki7.8 17674-900820-2151-2Ki7.9 17675-900820-2151-2Ki7.10 17676-900820-2159-2Ki7.11 This was a very natural conclusion; and, in history of the revolt of Ali Bey, we have an account of a strategem very similar to that supposed to have been practised by the Syrians. The pasha of Damascus having approaced the Sea of Tiberias, found sheil Daher encamped there; but the shiek, deferring the engagement till the next morning, during the night divided his army into three parts, and left the camp with great fires ablazing, all sorts of provisions, and a large quantity of spiritous liquors. In the middle of the night, the pasha, thinking to surprise the shiek, marched in silence to the camp, which, to his astonishment, he found entirely abandoned; and imagining the shiek had fled with so much precipitation that he could not carry off his baggage and stores, he stopped in the camp to refresh his soldiers. They soon fell to plunder, and drank so freely of the spirits, that, overcome with its fumes, they sunk into a deep lethargy. At that time, two shieks came silently to the camp, and being rejoined by Daher, rushed upon the sleeping foe, 8,000 of whom were slain; the pasha and a few soldiers barely escaping with their lives. 17678-900820-2200-2Ki7.13 17680-900820-2201-2Ki7.15 17681-900820-2202-2Ki7.16 17682-900820-2203-2Ki7.17 17683-900820-2203-2Ki7.18 17685-900820-2204-2Ki7.20 17686-900823-2035-2Ki8.1 to avoid the forewarned famime, for Elisha's miracle's sake has her land restored by the king 7-15 Hazael, being sent with a present by Hen-hadad to Elisha at Damascus, after he had heard the prophecy, kills his master, and succeeds him 16-19 Jehoram's wicked reign in Judah 20-22 Edom and Libnah revolt 23,24 Ahaziah succeeds Jehoram 25-27 Ahaziah's wicked reign 28,29 He visits Joram, being wounded, at Jezreel 17687-900823-2036-2Ki8.2 17688-900823-2037-2Ki8.3 17689-900823-2043-2Ki8.4 As it appears not likely that the king would hold conversation with a leprous man; or, that, knowing Gehazi had been dismissed with the highest disgrace from the prophet's service, he would talk with him concerning his late master; some have supposed that this happened before the cleansing of Naaman. But it agrees better with the chronology to considser it as having taken place after that event; the king, probably, having an insatiable curiosity to know the private history of a man who had done such astonishing things. As to the circumstances of Gehazi's disease, he might overlook that, and converse with him, keeping at a reasonable distance, as nothing but actual contact could defile. 17690-900823-2045-2Ki8.5 17691-900823-2046-2Ki8.6 17692-900823-2047-2Ki8.7 17693-900823-2048-2Ki8.8 17694-900823-2049-2Ki8.9 17695-900823-2050-2Ki8.10 17696-900823-2051-2Ki8.11 17697-900823-2053-2Ki8.12 17698-900823-2054-2Ki8.13 17699-900823-2055-2Ki8.14 17700-900823-2115-2Ki8.15 There is a considerable degree of ambiguity in this passage. The pronoun [he] is generally referred to Hazael; but Dr. Geddes and others are decidedly of the opinion, that we should understand by it {Ben-hadad}; who, encouraged by the favourable answer of Elisha, as reported to Hazael, adopted a violent remedy to all the heat of his fever, and put over his face the {keever, or fly-net}. See note on 1Sa 19.13. dipped in water, which suddenly checked the perspiration, and occasioned his death. 17701-900823-2117-2Ki8.16 `Began to reign in concert with his father.' 17702-900823-2117-2Ki8.17 17703-900823-2118-2Ki8.18 17704-900823-2120-2Ki8.19 17705-900823-2121-2Ki8.20 17706-900823-2122-2Ki8.21 Zair is supposed by Calmet and others to be the same as Seir, the country of Seir the Horite, inhabited by the Edomites or Idumeans. Probably the former was a dialectical pronunciation of the latter. 17707-900823-2123-2Ki8.22 17708-900823-2125-2Ki8.23 17709-900823-2125-2Ki8.24 17710-900823-2126-2Ki8.25 17711-900823-2131-2Ki8.26 In the parallel passage of Chronicles, it is said, `forty and two years old was Ahaziah when he began to reign;' but this is evidently a mistake, as it makes the son two years older than his own father! For his father began to reign when he was thirty-two years old, and reigned eight years, and so died, being forty years old. 17712-900823-2132-2Ki8.27 17713-900823-2134-2Ki8.28 17714-900823-2136-2Ki8.29 wounded 17715-900823-2141-2Ki9.1 at Ramoth-gilead 4-10 The prophet having done his message, flees 11-26 Jehu, being made king by the soldiers, kills Joram in the field of Naboth 27-29 Ahaziah is slain at Gur, and buried at Jerusalem 30-37 Proud Jezebel is thrown down out of a window, and eaten by dogs. The Jews say that this was Jonah, the prophet, the son of Amittai. As the upper garments of the Orientals were long and flowing, it was indispensably necessary to tuck uyp the skirts with a girdle about their loins, in order to use any expedition in their work or on a journey. 17716-900823-2143-2Ki9.2 Jehoram having retired from the army, Jehu seems to have been left first in command, having been long employed by Ahab's family. 17717-900823-2144-2Ki9.3 17718-900823-2147-2Ki9.4 Hannaar hannavee, not as some would render, ` the servant of the prophet,' but, as correctly rendered by our venerable translators, `the young man, the prophet;' for () hannaar, `the young man,' is not in {regimine}, but in {appositione,} with (), hannavee, `the prophet.' 17719-900823-2147-2Ki9.5 17720-900823-2148-2Ki9.6 17721-900823-2149-2Ki9.7 17722-900823-2150-2Ki9.8 17723-900823-2151-2Ki9.9 17724-900823-2151-2Ki9.10 17725-900823-2154-2Ki9.11 It is probable there was something peculiar in the young prophet's manner and address, similar to the vehement actions sometimes used by the prophets when under the Divine influence, which cause the bystanders to use this contemptuous language. 17726-900823-2154-2Ki9.12 17727-900823-2203-2Ki9.13 The spreading of garments in the street, before persons to whom it was intended to shew particular honour, was an ancient and very general custom; the garments in this case being used for carpets. In the Agamennon of AEschylus, the hypocritocal Clytemnestra commands the maids to spead carpets before her returning husband, that on his descending from his cahriot he may place his foot on `a purple-covered path.' We also find this custom among the Romans. Plutarch relates, that when Cato of Utica left the Macedonian army, where he had become legionary tribune, the soldiers sperad their clothes in the way. The ancient fortified cities were generally strengthened with a citadel, (Ju 9.46,51) commonly built on an eminence, to which they ascended by a {flight of stairs}, (Ne 3.15) It is extremely probable, therefore, that Ramoth-gilead, being a frontier town of Israel and Syria, had a tower of this nature; and that Jehu was proclaimed king on the {top of the stairs} by which they ascended the hill on which the tower stood, i.e, in the area before the door of the tower, and consequently the most public place in the city. 17728-900824-2055-2Ki9.14 17729-900824-2056-2Ki9.15 17730-900824-2057-2Ki9.16 17731-900824-2100-2Ki9.17 17732-900824-2101-2Ki9.18 17734-900824-2102-2Ki9.20 17735-900824-2103-2Ki9.21 17736-900824-2105-2Ki9.22 17737-900824-2105-2Ki9.23 17738-900824-2107-2Ki9.24 17739-900824-2107-2Ki9.25 17740-900824-2108-2Ki9.26 17741-900824-2110-2Ki9.27 17742-900824-2111-2Ki9.28 17743-900824-2113-2Ki9.29 his sickness.' 17744-900824-2114-2Ki9.30 17745-900824-2115-2Ki9.31 17746-900824-2116-2Ki9.32 17747-900824-2119-2Ki9.33 This terrible mode of punishment appears to have been but rarely used, though we occasionally meet with it during this and subsequent periods. The same punishment, it is well known, obtained among the Romans, who used to throw certain malefactors from the Tarpeian rock. This practice obtains among the Moors at Constantia, a town of Barbary; and is also of frequent occurrence in Persia. 17748-900824-2120-2Ki9.34 17749-900824-2121-2Ki9.35 17750-900824-2122-2Ki9.36 17751-900824-2122-2Ki9.37 17752-900824-2127-2Ki10.1 beheaded 8-11 He excuses the fact by the prophecy of Elijah 12-14 At the shearing house he slays two and forty of Ahaziah's brethren 15-17 He takes Jehonadab into his company 18-28 By subtilty he destroys all the worshippers of Baal 29-31 Jehu follows Jeroboam's sins 32,33 Hazael oppresses Israel 34-36 Jehoahaz succeeds Jehu 17753-900824-2128-2Ki10.2 17754-900824-2128-2Ki10.3 17755-900824-2129-2Ki10.4 17756-900824-2130-2Ki10.5 17757-900824-2134-2Ki10.6 or wet nurse for their children. If a boy, the father appoints a steady man from the age of two years to be his laleh, who, I conjecture, must stand in the same capacity as the bringers up of children mentioned in the catastrophe of Ahab's sons. But if it be a daughter, she has a {gees sefeed} or white head, attached to her for the same purpose as the {laleh}.' 17758-900824-2135-2Ki10.7 17759-900824-2138-2Ki10.8 Such barbarities are by no means uncommon in the East. `It has been know to occur,' says Mr. Morier, `after the combat was over, that prisoners have been put to death in cold blood, in order that the heads, which are immediately despatched to the king, and deposited in heaps at the place gates, might make a more considerable show.' 17760-900824-2138-2Ki10.9 17761-900824-2140-2Ki10.10 17762-900824-2141-2Ki10.11 17763-900824-2142-2Ki10.12 17764-900824-2143-2Ki10.13 17765-900824-2143-2Ki10.14 17766-900824-2153-2Ki10.15 assisting him into the chariot, but that he might give him an assurance that he would assist him in the prosecution of his desires; for {giving the hand} is considered as a pledge of friendship and fidelity, or a form of entering into a contract, among all nations. Mr. Bruce relates, that when he entreated the protection of a sheikh, the great people who were assembled came, `and after {joining hands}, repeated a kind of prayer, of about two minutes long; by which they declared themselves and their children accursed, if ever they lifted their hands against me in the {tell} (or field) in the desert, or on the river; or, in case that I, or mine, should fly to them to refuge, if they did not protect us at the risk of their lives, their families, and their fortunes, or, as they emphetically expressed it, to the death of the last male child among them.' Another striking instance occurs in Ockley's {History of the Saracens.} Telha, just before he died, asked one of Ali's men if he belonged to the emperor of the faithful; and being informed that he did, `Give me then,' said he, `your hand, that I may put mine in it, and by this action renew the oath of fidelity which I have already made to Ali.' 17767-900824-2156-2Ki10.16 17768-900824-2157-2Ki10.17 17769-900824-2158-2Ki10.18 17770-900824-2159-2Ki10.19 17771-900824-2200-2Ki10.20 17772-900824-2201-2Ki10.21 mouth. 17773-900824-2202-2Ki10.22 17774-900824-2203-2Ki10.23 17775-900824-2205-2Ki10.24 17776-900824-2206-2Ki10.25 17777-900824-2207-2Ki10.26 17778-900824-2209-2Ki10.27 This was and ancient mode of degradation, which still continues in the East; and we are informed, that Abbas the Great, king of Persia, having conquered Bagdad, treated the tomb of Hanifah, one of the fathers of the church among the Turks, in a similar manner. 17780-900824-2211-2Ki10.29 17781-900824-2212-2Ki10.30 17782-900824-2214-2Ki10.31 17783-900824-2214-2Ki10.32 17784-900824-2215-2Ki10.33 17785-900824-2217-2Ki10.34 17786-900824-2217-2Ki10.35 17787-900824-2218-2Ki10.36 17788-900824-2233-2Ki11.1 massacre of the seed royal, is hid six years in the house of God 13-16 Jehoiada, giving order to the captains, in the seventh year anoints him king 17-21 Jehoiada restores the worship of God Abyssinia. Judith `surprised the rock Damo, and slew the whole of the princes, to the number, it is said, of about 400;' while the infant king, Del Naad, was conveyed for safety to a loyal province, and afterwards restored. 17789-900824-2238-2Ki11.2 thinks does not mean a room to sleep in, but a chamber used as a {repository for beds}; for, in the East, they sleep upon cotton matresses, `of which they have several in great houses, against they should have occasion, and a room on purposed for them.' 17790-900824-2238-2Ki11.3 17791-900824-2240-2Ki11.4 17792-900824-2241-2Ki11.5 17793-900824-2246-2Ki11.6 17794-900824-2246-2Ki11.7 17795-900824-2247-2Ki11.8 17796-900824-2247-2Ki11.9 17797-900824-2250-2Ki11.10 Josephus states that, for fear of creating suspicion, they came unarmed, `and Jehoida having opend the arsenal in the temple which David had prepared, he divided among the centurions, priests, and Levites, the spears (arrows), and quivers, and all other kinds of weapons whhich he found there.' 17798-900824-2251-2Ki11.11 17799-900824-2257-2Ki11.12 `they clapped the hand,' which Mr Harmer thinks was similar to the mode in which Oriental females express their respect for persons of high rank, by gently applying one their hands to their mouth. So Pitts relate, that in some of the towns of Barabary, the leaders of the sacred caravan being received with loud acclamations, `the very women get upon the tops of the houses to view the parade, or fine show, where they keep striking their four fingers on their lips, as fast as they can, making a joyful noise all the while.' 17800-900825-0842-2Ki11.13 17801-900825-0845-2Ki11.14 The Orientals considered a seat by a pillar or column as particularly honourable. 17802-900825-0846-2Ki11.15 17803-900825-0847-2Ki11.16 17804-900825-0849-2Ki11.17 17805-900825-0851-2Ki11.18 17806-900825-0852-2Ki11.19 17807-900825-0853-2Ki11.20 17808-900825-0854-2Ki11.21 17809-900825-0857-2Ki12.1 4-16 He gives order for the repair of the temple 17,18 Hazael is diverted from Jerusalem by a present of the hallowed treasures 19-21 Jehoash being slain, Amaziah succeeds him 17810-900825-0858-2Ki12.2 17811-900825-0858-2Ki12.3 17812-900825-0903-2Ki12.4 17813-900825-0903-2Ki12.5 17814-900825-0905-2Ki12.6 17815-900825-0906-2Ki12.7 17817-900825-0907-2Ki12.9 17818-900825-0913-2Ki12.10 Sir J. Chardin informs us, `it is a custom of Persia always to seal up bags of money; and the money of the king's treasure is not told, but is received by bags sealed up.' These are what are called in the East {purses}; each of which, as Maillet informs us, contains money to the amount of 1500 livres, or about 63l. of our money. The money thus collected for the reparation of the temple, seems, in like manner, to have been reckoned in bags of equal value to each other; as we can scarcely imagine the placing it in bags would otherwise have been mentioned. The value of a Jewish purse is unknown; but the bags mentioned in 2ki 5.23, amounted to a talent. 17819-900825-0913-2Ki12.11 17820-900825-0914-2Ki12.12 17821-900825-0917-2Ki12.13 That is, there were no vessels made for the service of the temple till all the outward repairs were completed; but, when this was done, `they brought the rest of the money before the king and Jehoiada, whereof were made vessles of gold and silver,' (2ch 24.14) to replace those which had been taken away by Atahaliah and her sons. 17823-900825-0918-2Ki12.15 17824-900825-0918-2Ki12.16 17825-900825-0920-2Ki12.17 17826-900825-0923-2Ki12.18 He dearly bought, by such unhallowed means, a peace which was of short duration; for the next year Hazael returned, and Jehoash having no more treasures, was obliged to hazard a battle, which he lost, and the principal part of his nobility, so that Judah was totally ruined, and Jehoash soon after slain in his bed by his own servants. 17827-900825-0924-2Ki12.19 17828-900825-0925-2Ki12.20 17829-900825-0928-2Ki12.21 This person is called Zabad in Chronicles, and Shimeath his mother is said to be an Ammonitess; and Jehozabad is said to be the son, not of Shomer, but of Shimrith, a Moabitess. Who the fathers of these two persons were we know not, they were probably foreigners and aliens. Some suppose that they belonged to the king's chamber, and therefore could have easy access to him. 17830-900825-0933-2Ki13.1 3-7 Jehoahaz, oppressed by Hazael, is relieved by prayer 8,9 Joash succeeds him 10,11 His wicked reign 12,13 Jeroboam succeeds him 14-19 Elisha dying, prophesies to Joash three victories over the Syrians 20,21 The Moabites invading the land, Elisha's bones raise a dead man. 22-25 Joash gets three victories over Ben-hadad 17831-900825-0938-2Ki13.2 17832-900825-0942-2Ki13.3 Rather `all his days;' for Joash son of Jehoahaz delivered Israel from Ben-hadad 17833-900825-0946-2Ki13.4 17834-900825-0948-2Ki13.5 This saviour was undoubtedly Joash, whose successful wars are subsequetnly detailed. Houbigant recommends to read the {seventh} verse after the {fourth}. 17835-900825-0950-2Ki13.6 17836-900825-0951-2Ki13.7 17837-900825-0952-2Ki13.8 17838-900825-0954-2Ki13.9 17839-900825-0956-2Ki13.10 Joash, the son of Jehoahaz, was associated with his father in the government two years before his death. It is this association that is spoken of here. Joash reigned con-jointly with his father. 17840-900825-0956-2Ki13.11 17841-900825-0957-2Ki13.12 17842-900825-0958-2Ki13.13 17843-900825-1000-2Ki13.14 17845-900825-1000-2Ki13.16 17846-900825-1003-2Ki13.17 This was a symbolical action, indicative of the deliverance of Israel from Syria. It was an ancient custom to shoot an arrow or cast a spear into a country before the commencement of hostilities. 17847-900825-1004-2Ki13.18 17848-900825-1005-2Ki13.19 17849-900825-1006-2Ki13.20 17850-900825-1007-2Ki13.21 17851-900825-1008-2Ki13.22 17852-900825-1012-2Ki13.23 17853-900825-1012-2Ki13.24 17854-900825-1013-2Ki13.25 17855-900825-1017-2Ki14.1 5,6 His justice on the murderers of his father 7 His victory over Edom 8-14 Amaziah, provoking Jehoash, is overcome and spoiled 15-16 Jeroboam succeeds Jehoash 17-20 Amaziah slain by a conspiracy 21,22 Azariah succeeds him 23-27 Jeroboam's wicked reign 28,29 Zachariah succeeds him 17857-900825-1019-2Ki14.3 17858-900825-1019-2Ki14.4 17859-900825-1020-2Ki14.5 17860-900825-1020-2Ki14.6 17861-900825-1029-2Ki14.7 Some suppose that the {Valley of Salt} was south of the Dead, or Salt Sea, twords the land of Edom; and others suppose it to be the Valley of Salt, about three or four miles south-east of Palmyra, which now supplies, in a great measure, the surrounding country with salt. Greek signifies a {rock}, the celebrated capital of Arabia Petreaea. Strabo places it three or four days' journey from Jericho, and five days' journey from the forest of palm trees on the Red Sea. Pliny places it 600 miles from Gaza, and 125 from the Persian Gulf; but Cellarius and Reland very justly consider that the numbers have been changed, and that we ought to read 125 miles from Gaza, and 600 from the Persian Gulf. Eusebius places Beerothbenajaakan 30 miles west from Petra, and Ellath ten miles east; and Burckhardt discovered the ruins of this ancient city in a valley called Wady Mousa. 17862-900825-1030-2Ki14.8 17863-900825-1036-2Ki14.9 job 31.18 {thistle}, in 1sa 13.6 {thicket} in is 34.13, {bramble},and in 2ch 33.11 pr 26.9 ca 2.2 ho 9.6 thorn, is probably the black thorn, or sloe tree, the prunus spinosa of Linnaeues, as the same word signifies in Arabic. There is a vast deal of insolent dignity in this remonstrance of Jehoash; but it has nothing conciliatory; no proposal of making amends for the injury his army had done to the unoffending inhabitants of Judah. incautious passenger, is made the emblem of the house of Judah and David, while the house of Jehu is represented by the stately cedar. 17864-900825-1040-2Ki14.10 17865-900825-1042-2Ki14.11 17866-900825-1042-2Ki14.12 17867-900825-1044-2Ki14.13 17868-900825-1044-2Ki14.14 17869-900825-1045-2Ki14.15 17870-900825-1046-2Ki14.16 17871-900825-1047-2Ki14.17 17872-900825-1048-2Ki14.18 17873-900825-1049-2Ki14.19 17874-900825-1049-2Ki14.20 17875-900825-1050-2Ki14.21 17876-900825-1054-2Ki14.22 Elath, the Aela or Elana of the Greek and Roman writers, was a celebrated port situated at the extremity of the eastern branch of the Red Sea, hence called the Elanitic Gulf, ten miles east from Petra, according to Eusebius, and 150 Roman miles from Gaza according to Pliny, but 1260 stadia, or 157 miles, according to Strabo and Marcianus Herecleota. It is now called Akaba, and is nothing but a tower of catle, surrounded by a large grove of date trees, the residence of a governor, dependent on him of Grand Cairo. 17877-900825-1055-2Ki14.23 17878-900825-1056-2Ki14.24 17879-900825-1057-2Ki14.25 17880-900825-1058-2Ki14.26 17881-900825-1059-2Ki14.27 17882-900825-1101-2Ki14.28 These places belonged to Judah by David's conquest, (2Sa 3.11,) but had been repossessed by the Syrians. 17883-900825-1102-2Ki14.29 17884-900825-1153-2Ki15.1 5-7 He dying a leper, Jotham succeeds 8-12 Zachariah the last of Jehu's generation, reigning ill, is slain by Shallum 13-15 Shallum, reigning a month, is slain by Nenahem 16-20 Menahem strengthens himself by Pul 21,22 Pekahiah succeeds him 23-26 Pekinah is slain by Pekah 27-31 Pekah is oppressed by Tiglath-pileser, and slain by Hoshea 32-35 Jotham's good reign 36-38 Ahaz succeeds him partnership in the kingdom with his father, who made him consort at his going to the Syrian wars. It is the sixteenth year of Jeroboam's monarchy.' 17886-900825-1538-2Ki15.3 17887-900825-1539-2Ki15.4 17888-900825-1542-2Ki15.5 17889-900825-1548-2Ki15.6 Dr. kennicott complains loudly here of `the corruption in the name of this king of Judah, who is expressed by {four} different names in this chapter; Ozriah, Oziah, Ozrihu, and Ozihu. Our oldest Hebrew MS relieves us here, by reading truly, in verses 1, 6, 7, Uzziah, where the printed text is differently corrupted. This reading is called {true}, 1. Because it is supported by the Syriac and Arabic versions in these three verses 2. Because it is so expressed in the parallel place in Chronicles 3. Because the printed text has it so in verses 32 and 24 of this very chapter 4. Because it is not (Azarias), but (Ozias,) Uziah in St. Matthew's genealogy 17890-900825-1549-2Ki15.7 17891-900825-1550-2Ki15.8 17892-900825-1550-2Ki15.9 17893-900825-1552-2Ki15.10 17894-900825-1552-2Ki15.11 17895-900825-1553-2Ki15.12 17896-900825-1555-2Ki15.13 17897-900825-1555-2Ki15.14 17898-900825-1556-2Ki15.15 17899-900825-1557-2Ki15.16 17900-900825-1557-2Ki15.17 17901-900825-1557-2Ki15.18 17902-900825-1601-2Ki15.19 Prideaux supposes that this Pul was the father of the famous Sardanapaulus, who was called Sardan with his father's name Pul annexed, as was frequent in those times, making Sadanpul: thus Merodach, king of Babylon, was Merodach -Baladan, because he was the son Baladan. This Pul began to reign accordig to Usher, A.M. 3237, the fifth year of Menahem; and he is supposed to be the same that reigned in Nineveh, when Jonah preached in that city. 17903-900825-1604-2Ki15.20 to the king of Assyria fifty shekels of silver for each man,' i. e, in his army. It may be supposed, that Menahem compelled `the mighty men of wealth' to give much more a-piece than this sum, (somewhat about 5l. sterling each) and each of them in some proportion to his affluence 17904-900825-1605-2Ki15.21 17906-900825-1606-2Ki15.23 17907-900825-1606-2Ki15.24 17908-900825-1608-2Ki15.25 From the context of the Hebrew text, it would appear that Argob and Arieh were slain with the king, and that the fifty Gileadites were conspirators with Pekah. 17909-900825-1609-2Ki15.26 17910-900825-1610-2Ki15.27 17911-900825-1610-2Ki15.28 17912-900825-1617-2Ki15.29 Some suppose Tiglath-pileser to be the son of Sardanapalus: but the learned Prideaux makes him the same as Arbace the Mede, called by Aeliam, Thelgamus, and by Castor, Ninus Junior, who, with Belesis, headed the conspiracy against Sardanapalus, and fixed his royal seat at Nineveh, as Belesis, called in Scripture Baladan (Is 39.1) did his at Babylon. He reigned nineteen years, from A.M. 3257 to A.M. 3276 17913-900825-1619-2Ki15.30 `After an anarch for some years.' in the twentieth `In the fourth year of Ahaz, in the twentieth year after Jotham had begun to reign.'- -Usher 17914-900825-1620-2Ki15.31 17915-900825-1621-2Ki15.32 17916-900825-1622-2Ki15.33 17917-900825-1622-2Ki15.34 17918-900825-1623-2Ki15.35 17919-900825-1623-2Ki15.36 17920-900825-1629-2Ki15.37 In those days. `At the end of Jotham's reign.' This Jotham died at forty-one. He was too great a blessing to be continued long to such an unworthy people. His death was a judgment, especially considering the character of ahaz, his son and successor: for we read, Hezekiah, who served the Lord, and whose prayer in sickness was most graciously herd and answered. 17921-900825-1630-2Ki15.38 17922-900825-1636-2Ki16.1 5-9 Ahaz, assailed by Rezin and Pekah, hires Tiglath-pilser against them 10-16 Ahaz, sending a pattern of an altar from Damascus to Urijah, diverts the brazen altar to his own devotions, 17,18 He spoils the temple 19,20 Hezekiah succeeds him 17923-900825-1637-2Ki16.2 17924-900825-1642-2Ki16.3 17925-900825-1642-2Ki16.4 17926-900825-1643-2Ki16.5 17927-900825-1644-2Ki16.6 17928-900825-1646-2Ki16.7 17929-900825-1647-2Ki16.8 17930-900825-1651-2Ki16.9 Josephus informs us that this place was in Upper Media; and it is clear that it must be understood of some city or country in the dominions of the king of Assyria. It is highly probable that it was the country on the banks of the river Cyrus, or Kyrus, now called Kur, or Kura; and we find cities called Cyropolis, Cyrena, and Carine, mentioned by writers as lying in these parts, and a part of Media, called Syromedia, as it is thought, from the Syrians who were carried captive thither. 17931-900825-1652-2Ki16.10 17932-900825-1655-2Ki16.11 17933-900825-1656-2Ki16.12 17934-900825-1658-2Ki16.13 17935-900825-1658-2Ki16.14 17936-900825-1700-2Ki16.15 17937-900825-1701-2Ki16.16 17938-900825-1702-2Ki16.17 17939-900825-1705-2Ki16.18 but it is probable that it was either, as Locke supposes, a sort of shelter or canopy erected for the people on the sabbath when the crowd was too great for the porch to contain them; or, as Dr. Geddes supposes, a seat, covered with a canopy, placed on an elevation, for the king and his court, when they attended public worship. 17940-900825-1707-2Ki16.19 17941-900825-1709-2Ki16.20 17942-900825-1716-2Ki17.1 3,4 Being subdued by Shalmaneser, he conspires against him with So, king of Egypt 5-23 Samaria for sinning is led into captivity 24-41 The strange nations which were transplanted into Samaria being plagued with lions, make a mixture of religions. which Calmet thus reconciles: `Hosea conspired against Pekah, the 20th year of the reign of this prince, which was the 18th of Jotham, king of Judah. Two years after this, that is, the 4th of Ahaz and the 20th of Jotham, Hosea made himself master of a part of the kingdom, according to ch. 15.30 Finally, the 12th year of Ahaz, Hosea had peaceable possession of the whole kingdom, agreeably to ch 17.1.' 17943-900825-1716-2Ki17.2 17944-900825-1720-2Ki17.3 This was the son and successor of Tiglath-pileser: he reigned 14 years, from A.M. 3276 to 3290 17945-900825-1722-2Ki17.4 17946-900825-1723-2Ki17.5 17947-900825-1725-2Ki17.6 17948-900825-1727-2Ki17.7 17949-900825-1728-2Ki17.8 17950-900825-1729-2Ki17.9 17951-900825-1730-2Ki17.10 17952-900825-1731-2Ki17.11 17953-900825-1732-2Ki17.12 17954-900825-1734-2Ki17.13 17955-900825-1738-2Ki17.14 17956-900825-1740-2Ki17.15 17957-900825-1742-2Ki17.16 17958-900825-1744-2Ki17.17 17959-900825-1746-2Ki17.18 17960-900825-1747-2Ki17.19 17961-900825-1749-2Ki17.20 17962-900825-1751-2Ki17.21 17963-900825-1752-2Ki17.22 17964-900825-1753-2Ki17.23 17965-900825-1754-2Ki17.24 17966-900825-1756-2Ki17.25 17967-900825-1756-2Ki17.26 17968-900825-1757-2Ki17.27 17969-900825-1757-2Ki17.28 17970-900825-1758-2Ki17.29 17971-900825-1802-2Ki17.30 Succoth benoth, literally `the tents of the duaghters' Cuth is probably the Cush watered by the Gihon, or Araxes, now Aras (Ge 2.13) the ancient country of the Scythians, where we meet with Quittians, Coethians, of Coetae, and Cytheans, and the cities of Cotatis, Cetemane, Dythanum, Cyta, Cethena, etc. Supposed to denote the solar orb; the emblem of which, according to the Rabbins, was a cock. Jarchi says this idol was of the form of a goat. 17972-900825-1804-2Ki17.31 Supposed to be the same as the Anubis of the Egyptians; and was in form partly a dog and partly a man. 17973-900825-1805-2Ki17.32 17974-900825-1810-2Ki17.33 The new inhabitants of the land imitated the idolatrous Israelites, by associating their idols with jehovah, as the objects of worship. The reaminder, however, of the verses seem to relate to the Israelites after they were carried captive. They still persevered in idolatry and disobedience; and not being purified, were left to be consumed in the furnace. it is said that the Israelites `did not fear the Lord,' yet the heathens, who followed their example, are said `to have feared the Lord.' The Israelites did not so much as fear the wrath of Almighty god; but, on the other hand, the poor pagans feared the power of his wrath, and to avert it paid some ignorant worship, according to the wretched instructions given them. as this was an external acknowledgement of his power and God-head, and a homage paid to him,he was pleased in consequence to withdraw his judgements from them.- -SCOTT 17975-900825-1812-2Ki17.34 17976-900825-1813-2Ki17.35 17977-900825-1814-2Ki17.36 17978-900825-1816-2Ki17.37 17979-900825-1816-2Ki17.38 17980-900825-1817-2Ki17.39 17981-900825-1818-2Ki17.40 17982-900825-1819-2Ki17.41 17983-900825-1822-2Ki18.1 4-8 He destroys idolatry, and prospers 9-12 The inhabitants of Samaria are carried captive for their sins 13-16 Sennacherib invading Judah, is pacified by a tribute 17-37 Rab-shakeh, by blaphemous persuasions, solicits the people to revolt 17984-900825-1825-2Ki18.2 As Ahaz ws 20 years old when he began to reign, and died when he had reigned 16 years, his whole age only amounted to 36 years; and as Hezekiah was, at least, entering on his 25th year when he began to reign, then Ahaz must have been under 12 years of age when his son was born! This is not at all impossible: and there are well-attested facts of men having children at as early a period, especially in eastern countries. 17985-900825-1826-2Ki18.3 17986-900825-1830-2Ki18.4 that is, a piece of brass 17987-900825-1832-2Ki18.5 17988-900825-2143-2Ki18.6 None of the kings of judah, from the time of the division of the kingdomn, equalled Hezekiah in the stedfastness and simplicity oh his dependence upon the Lord; in which he aspired to an equality with his progenitor David, who had reigned over the whole land. Even Asa, through weakness of faith, sought the assistance of a heathen prince; and Jehosaphat formed an alliance with idolatrous Ahab; but Hezekiah clave to the Lord, in entire confidence and unreserved obedience, to the end of his life. 17989-900825-2145-2Ki18.7 17990-900825-2145-2Ki18.8 17991-900825-2146-2Ki18.9 17992-900825-2148-2Ki18.10 17993-900825-2151-2Ki18.11 It is thought, with much probability, that Halah, or Chalach, is Ptolemy's Calachene, the northern part of Assyria; that habor, or Chabor, is the mountain or mountainous country, between Media and Assyria, called by Ptolemy, Charboras; and that Gozan is Gauzanitis of Ptolemy, situated between that mountain and the Caspian sea, and between the two channels of the river Cyrus. 17994-900825-2152-2Ki18.12 17995-900825-2153-2Ki18.13 17996-900825-2154-2Ki18.14 17997-900825-2154-2Ki18.15 17998-900825-2155-2Ki18.16 17999-900825-2159-2Ki18.17 Calmet remarks, that these are not the names of persons, but of offices: Tartan signifies `he who presides over gifts or tribute;' Rabsaris, `the chief of the eunuchs;' and rabshakeh, `the chief cup-bearer.' If the Fuller's field were near En -Rogel, or the Fuller's fountain east of Jersualem, as is generally supposed, then the conduit of the upper pool may been an aqueduct that brought the water from the upper or eastern reservoir of that fountain, which had been siezed in order to distress the city. 18000-900825-2200-2Ki18.18 18001-900825-2203-2Ki18.19 He was the chief speaker, being a very eloquent man, and, according to the Hebrews, whom Procopius follows, an apostate Jew; which is not improbable, as he spoke Hebrew so fluently; and when he blasphemed the Divine Majesty, the king and nobles rent their clothes, which was usual unless the blasphemer were an Israelite. 18002-900825-2204-2Ki18.20 strength are for the war. 18003-900825-2206-2Ki18.21 18004-900825-2206-2Ki18.22 18005-900825-2208-2Ki18.23 18006-900825-2209-2Ki18.24 18007-900825-2210-2Ki18.25 18008-900825-2211-2Ki18.26 Perceiving that the object of this blasphemous caitiff was to stir up the people to sedition, they mildly and reasonably required him to make his proposals in the Syrian language. 18009-900825-2212-2Ki18.27 18010-900825-2213-2Ki18.28 18011-900825-2214-2Ki18.29 18012-900825-2215-2Ki18.30 18013-900825-2216-2Ki18.31 blessing 18014-900825-2217-2Ki18.32 18015-900825-2218-2Ki18.33 18016-900825-2224-2Ki18.34 Hamath, there is little doubt, was the Epiphania of the Greeks, as Josephus, Theodoret, and Jerome, expressly assert. It was a celebrated city of Syria, situate on the Orontes, and the present hamah doubtless occupies its site; as Abulfeda, who was prince or emir of Hamah about a.d. 1345, epressly states, in his Description of Syria, that Hamah is an ancient city mentioned in the writings of the israelites. It is still a considerable town, situated on both sides of the Orontes, about three days' journey and half from Tripoli; and must contain, Bruckhardt says, at least 30,000 inhabitants. Arpad is probably the town of Arphas, mentioned by Josephus as limiting the province of Gamalitis, Gaulanitis, Batanea, and Trachonitis, to the N.E.; and the Raphan, or Raphanea, which Stephanus places near Epiphania. 18017-900825-2224-2Ki18.35 18018-900825-2225-2Ki18.36 18019-900825-2226-2Ki18.37 18020-900825-2231-2Ki19.1 6,7 Isaiah comforts them 8-13 Sennacherib, going to encounter Tirhakah, sends a blasphemous letter to Hezekiah 14-19 Hezekiah's prayer 20-34 Isaiah's prophecy of the pride and destruction of Sennacherib, and the good of Zion 35 An angel slays the Assyrians 36,37 Sennacherib is slain by his own sons 18021-900825-2232-2Ki19.2 18022-900825-2233-2Ki19.3 18023-900825-2236-2Ki19.4 18025-900825-2237-2Ki19.6 18026-900825-2238-2Ki19.7 18027-900825-2239-2Ki19.8 18028-900825-2245-2Ki19.9 When Sennacherib had levied contributions on Hezekiah, he marched his army into Egypt; where, after several successes, he laid siege to Pelusium, and spent much time in it; but hearing that Tirhakah, king of Ethiopia, whom Strabo calls Therchon, was marching against him with a great army, to assist his kinsman Sevechus, or Sethon, the king of Egypt, he durst not abide his coming, raised the siege; and returning to Judea, he encamped against Lachish, and afterwards against libnah. But finding that Tirhakah pursued him as a fugitive, he marched back to encounter him; and having totally routed his army, he returned to wreak his vengeance on Hezekiah. 18029-900825-2246-2Ki19.10 18030-900825-2246-2Ki19.11 18031-900825-2249-2Ki19.12 Palmyrene, west of the Euphrates; or rather, Rezipha, in Mesoptamia, east of the Euphrates 18032-900825-2250-2Ki19.13 18033-900825-2251-2Ki19.14 18034-900825-2254-2Ki19.15 18035-900825-2255-2Ki19.16 18036-900825-2256-2Ki19.17 18037-900825-2257-2Ki19.18 18038-900825-2257-2Ki19.19 18039-900825-2259-2Ki19.20 18040-900825-2300-2Ki19.21 18041-900825-2302-2Ki19.22 18042-900825-2304-2Ki19.23 thereof. 18043-900825-2307-2Ki19.24 I have conquered strange countries, and marched through the driest places, in which I have digged wells for my army. sufficient to dry up all the riers of besieged places, either by drinking them, or by diverting their course into other channels. 18044-900825-2309-2Ki19.25 ago, and fromed it of ancient times? Should I now bring it to be laid waste, and fenced cities to be ruinous heaps? 18045-900825-2311-2Ki19.26 18046-900825-2313-2Ki19.27 18047-900825-2315-2Ki19.28 This alludes to the method by which the common people manage their beasts in the East, especially the dromedaries, which are governed by a bridle fastened to a ring, which runs through the nostril of the beast. 18048-900825-2316-2Ki19.29 18049-900825-2318-2Ki19.30 that remaineth 18050-900825-2319-2Ki19.31 18051-900825-2320-2Ki19.32 18053-900825-2322-2Ki19.34 18054-900825-2324-2Ki19.35 18055-900825-2324-2Ki19.36 18056-900825-2328-2Ki19.37 Turcomania and part of Persia; having Gerogia on the north, Curdistan, of the ancient Assyria on the south, and Asia Minor, now Natolia, on the west. 18057-900825-2334-2Ki20.1 his life lengthened 8-11 The sun goes ten degrees backward for a sign of that promise 12,13 Berodach-baladan sending to visit Hezekiah, because of the wonder, has notice of his treasures 14-19 Isaiah understanding thereof, foretells the Babylonian captivity 20,21 Manasseh succeeds Hezekiah 18058-900826-0749-2Ki20.2 18059-900826-0755-2Ki20.3 18060-900826-0755-2Ki20.4 18061-900826-0759-2Ki20.5 18062-900826-0800-2Ki20.6 18063-900826-0805-2Ki20.7 inflammatory tumor, or burning boil; and some think that Hezekiah's malady was a pleurisy; others that it was the plague; and others the elephantiasis, a species of leprosy, as one of the Hexapla versions renders in Job 2.7. A poultice of figs might be very proper to maturate a boil; or dismiss any obstinate inflammatory swelling; but we need not discuss its propriety in this case, because it was as much the means which God chose to bless for his recovery, as the clay which Christ moistened to anoint the eyes of the blind man; for in both cases, without Divine interposition the cure could no have been effected. 18064-900826-0806-2Ki20.8 18065-900826-0806-2Ki20.9 18066-900826-0807-2Ki20.10 18067-900826-0808-2Ki20.11 18068-900826-0810-2Ki20.12 18069-900826-0811-2Ki20.13 18070-900826-0813-2Ki20.14 18071-900826-0813-2Ki20.15 18072-900826-0814-2Ki20.16 18073-900826-0815-2Ki20.17 18074-900826-0816-2Ki20.18 `Fulfilled in Da 1.3-7' 18075-900826-0817-2Ki20.19 18076-900826-0818-2Ki20.20 18077-900826-0819-2Ki20.21 18078-900826-0822-2Ki21.1 3-9 His great idolatry 10-16 His wickedness causes prophecies against Judah 17,18 Amon succeeds him 19-22 Amon's wicked reign 23-26 He being slain by his servants, and those murderers slain by the people, Josiah is made king 18079-900826-0823-2Ki21.2 18080-900826-0826-2Ki21.3 Rather, as we have before remarked, Asherah or Astarte. So Castel defines Asherah to be Simulacrum ligneum Astarte icatum; `A wooden image devoted to Astarte.' 18081-900826-0828-2Ki21.4 18082-900826-0829-2Ki21.5 18083-900826-0830-2Ki21.6 18084-900826-0832-2Ki21.7 18085-900826-0833-2Ki21.8 18086-900826-0835-2Ki21.9 18087-900826-0842-2Ki21.10 passed, and it is a heavy doom. The prophets were sent in the first place to teach them the knowledge of God, to remind them of their duty, and direct them in it: if they succeeded not in that, their next work was to reprove them for their sins, and to set them in view before them, that they might repent and reform, and return to their duty: if in this they prevailed not, their next work was to foretell the judgments of God, that the terror of them might awaken to repentance those who would not be made sensible of the obligations of his love; or else that the execution of them, in their season, might be a demonstration of the divine mission of the prophets who foretold then. They were made {judges} to those who would not hear and receive them {as teachers.}- -HENRY 18088-900826-0844-2Ki21.11 18089-900826-0846-2Ki21.12 18090-900826-0851-2Ki21.13 This metaphor is taken from the custom of using a line in measuring land, and in dividing portions of it among several persons. Samaria was taken, pillaged, and ruined, and its inhabitants carried into captivity: Jerusalem shall have the same measure. I will empty Jerusalem of all its wealth and inhabitants, as truly as a dish turned up and wiped is emptied of its contents. it upon the face thereof. 18091-900826-0853-2Ki21.14 18092-900826-0854-2Ki21.15 18093-900826-0856-2Ki21.16 18094-900826-0856-2Ki21.17 18095-900826-0857-2Ki21.18 18096-900826-0858-2Ki21.19 18097-900826-0859-2Ki21.20 18099-900826-0859-2Ki21.22 18100-900826-0900-2Ki21.23 18101-900826-0901-2Ki21.24 18102-900826-0902-2Ki21.25 18103-900826-0902-2Ki21.26 18104-900826-0907-2Ki22.1 3-7 He takes care for the repair of the temple 8-14 Hilkiah having found a book of the law, Josiah sends to Huldah to enquire of the Lord 15-20 Huldah prophesies the destruction of Jerusalem, but respite thereof in Josiah's time This prince was one of the best, if not the best, of all the Jewish kings since the time of David. He began well, continued well, and ended well. This was a city in the plain county of the tribe of Judah; and is mentioned in the parallel passage along with Lachish and Eglon. 18105-900826-0909-2Ki22.2 18106-900826-0911-2Ki22.3 18107-900826-0914-2Ki22.4 Ten years seem to have elapsed since the people began to present the accustomed offerings; yet no one had taken an account of them, nor were they applied to the purpose for which they were given. 18108-900826-0914-2Ki22.5 18110-900826-0915-2Ki22.7 18111-900826-0920-2Ki22.8 This certainly was a genuine copy of the divine law, probably the {autograph} of Moses, as it is said, in the parallel place of Chronicles, to be the book of the {law of the Lord by Moses}. It is not probable that this was the only copy of the law in the land, or that Josiah had never before seen the book of Moses; but the fact seems to be, that this was the original of the covenant renewed by Moses in the plains of Moab, and now being unexpectedly found, its antiquity, the occasion of its being made, the present circumstances of the people, the imperfect state in which the reformation was as yet, after all that had been done, would all concur to produce the effect here mentioned on the mind of the pious Josiah. 18112-900826-0921-2Ki22.9 18113-900826-0922-2Ki22.10 18114-900826-0923-2Ki22.11 18115-900826-0925-2Ki22.12 18116-900826-0927-2Ki22.13 18117-900826-0929-2Ki22.14 18118-900826-0929-2Ki22.15 18119-900826-0930-2Ki22.16 18120-900826-0933-2Ki22.17 18121-900826-0934-2Ki22.18 18122-900826-0938-2Ki22.19 18123-900826-0945-2Ki22.20 During thy life, none of these calamities shall fall upon thee nor thy people; no adversary shall be permitted to disturb the peace of Judea; and thou shalt at last `be gathered into thy grave in peace.' Now, though it is stated that Pharaoh -Necho slew him at Megiddo, yet the Assyrians and the Jews were at peace; and though Josiah might feel it his duty to oppose the Egyptian king's going against his friend and ally, and that, in his endeavours to oppose him, he was mortally wounded at Megiddor, yet certainly he was not killed there, but was brought to Jerusalem, where he died in peace. 18124-900826-1417-2Ki23.1 3 he renews the covenant of the Lord 4-14 He destroys idolatry 15-20 He burns dead men's bones upon the altar at Beth-el, as was prophesied 21-23 He keeps a most solemn passover 24,25 He puts away witches and all abomination 26-28 God's final wrath against Judah 29,30 Josiah, provoking Pharaoh-nechoh, is slain at Meggido 31-35 Jehoahaz, succeeding him, is imprisoned by Pharaoh-nechoh, who makes Jehoiakim king 36,37 Jehoiakim's wicked reign 18125-900826-1419-2Ki23.2 18126-900826-1422-2Ki23.3 18127-900826-1425-2Ki23.4 These were either sauch as occasionally supplied the high priest's office, or those of the {second course} or {order} established by David. 18128-900826-1429-2Ki23.5 duodecim signa, `the twelve signs,' i.e, the zodiac; which is the most probable meaning of the word mazzaloth, from the Arabic manzeel, a caravanserai, house, or dwelling, as being the apparent dwellings of the sun in his annual course; and the Targamists and Rabbins often employ the words tereysar mazzalaya, to denote the signs of the zodiac. 18129-900826-1431-2Ki23.6 Probably the common people 18130-900826-1432-2Ki23.7 18131-900826-1433-2Ki23.8 The northern and southern borders of Judah 18132-900826-1434-2Ki23.9 18133-900826-1436-2Ki23.10 18134-900826-1439-2Ki23.11 Throughout the East, the horse because of his swiftness and utility, was dedicated to the sun; and the Greeks and Romans feigned that the chariot of the sun was drawn by four horses, Pyrous, Eous, Aithon, and Phelgon: and hence also chariots were dedicated to that luminary. Jarchi says, that those who adored the sun had horses, which they mounted every morning, to go out to meet him at his rising. The kings of Judah had imitated these idolatrous customs, and kept the horses of the sun even at the entrance of the temple of the Lord! 18135-900826-1441-2Ki23.12 18136-900826-1445-2Ki23.13 anoint,' reads `the Mount of Olives.' Jarchi, following the Chaldee, also says this was the Mount of Olives; for this is the mount hammishchah, of unction: but because of the idolatrous purposes for which it was used, the Scripture changed the appealation to the mount of hammashchith, corruption. 18137-900826-1446-2Ki23.14 18138-900826-1447-2Ki23.15 18139-900826-1449-2Ki23.16 The Septuagint and Hexaplar Syriac at Paris insert, `when Jeroboam stood by the altar at the feast. And turning about, he cast his eyes on the sepulchre of the man of God'-- 18140-900826-1449-2Ki23.17 18141-900826-1450-2Ki23.18 18142-900826-1451-2Ki23.19 18143-900826-1452-2Ki23.20 18144-900826-1453-2Ki23.21 18145-900826-1454-2Ki23.22 18147-900826-1457-2Ki23.24 18148-900826-1458-2Ki23.25 18149-900826-1459-2Ki23.26 18150-900826-1500-2Ki23.27 18151-900826-1501-2Ki23.28 18152-900826-1507-2Ki23.29 Pharaoh-nechoh, called (), Necos, the son of Psammiticus, by Herodotus, was now marching `to make war upon the Medes and Babylonians, who had dissolved the Assyrian empire,' the king of the latter being the famoun Nabopollasar, who had also become king of Assyria. Megiddo, called () Magdolum, by Herodotus, was situated in the tribe of Manasseh, west of Jordan, in the valley of Jezreel, and not far fron Hadad -Rimmon, or Maximianopolis. This shews that Josiah reigned over the courtry formerly possessed by the ten tribes; and it is also probable, that nechoh had landed his troops at or near Caesarea of Palestine. 18153-900826-1508-2Ki23.30 18154-900826-1509-2Ki23.31 18155-900826-1509-2Ki23.32 18156-900826-1515-2Ki23.33 Theodoret (in Je ch 46) expressly affirms that Ribla or Reblatha was in his time called Emesa. Emesa was a city of Syria, situated on the Orontes, and, according to the Antonine Itinerary, 18 miles from laodeciea ad Libanum. It is now called Hos, or hems, about eight hours, or twenty-four miles S.E. of Hamah or hamath, in the road to Damascus. The present town only occupies about one quarted of the space contained within the ancient walls, which apparently date from the time of the Saracens. Here is nothing remarkable, except a Roman sepulchre, and a large castle in ruins. 18157-900826-1517-2Ki23.34 18158-900826-1517-2Ki23.35 18159-900826-1519-2Ki23.36 Josephus here reads Abuma; but he also speaks of Ruma, a village of Galilee. 18160-900826-1520-2Ki23.37 18161-900826-1525-2Ki24.1 against him, procures his own ruin 5,6 Jehoiachin succeeds him 7 The king of Egypt is vanquished by the king of Babylon 8,9 Jehoiachin's evil reign 10-16 Jerusalem is taken and carried captive into Babylon 17-20 Zedekiah is made king, and reigns ill, unto the utter destruction of Judah This prince, so famous in the writings of the prophets, was the son of Nabopollasar king of Babylon 18162-900826-1526-2Ki24.2 18163-900826-1528-2Ki24.3 18164-900826-1529-2Ki24.4 18165-900826-1530-2Ki24.5 18166-900826-1535-2Ki24.6 As Jehoiakim was `buried with the burial of an ass,' by being `drawn and cast forth beyond the gates of Jerusalem,' without internment, the expression `slept with his fathers,' can only mean that the died, or slept the sleep of death. In the East, a body exposed during the night would be a prey to wild animals; if any of it were left till the morning, the carnivorous birds would devour it. As this man reigned only three months, and was a mere vassal of the king of Babylon, his reign is scarcely reckoned; and therefore Jeremiah (31.30) says of Jehoaikim, `he shall have none to sit upon the throne of David.' 18167-900826-1536-2Ki24.7 18168-900826-1540-2Ki24.8 In the parallel place, his said to be only eight years old; but this must be a mistake, for we find that having reigned only three months, he was carried captive to Babylon, and there had wives; and had he been of such a tender age, it could scarcely have been said that, as king, `he did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord.' 18170-900826-1541-2Ki24.10 18172-900826-1544-2Ki24.12 `Nebuchadnezzar's eighth year.' 18173-900826-1545-2Ki24.13 18174-900826-1548-2Ki24.14 That is, all the chief men, the nobles, and the artificers. Among these were 7000 mighty men, and 1000 craftsmen and smiths. 18175-900826-1549-2Ki24.15 18176-900826-1549-2Ki24.16 18177-900826-1553-2Ki24.17 he was son Josiah, brother to Jehoiakim, and uncle of Jehoiachin. The change of name was to shew Nebuchadnezzar's supremacy, and that Zedekiah was only his vassal or viceroy. The custom of changing name, we are assured by travellers, still exists in the East. 18178-900826-1554-2Ki24.18 18179-900826-1555-2Ki24.19 18180-900826-1556-2Ki24.20 18181-900826-1605-2Ki25.1 4-7 Zedekiah taken, his sons slain, his eyes put out 8-12 Nebzar-adan defaces the city, carries the remnat, except a few poor labourers, into captivity 13-17 and spoils and carries away the treasures 18-21 The nobles are slain at Riblah 22-26 Gedaliah, who was over them that remained, being slain, the rest flee into Egypt. 27-30 Evil-merodach advances Jehoiachin in his court. This, according to the computation of Archbishop Usher, was on Thursday, January 30th, A.M. 3414, which was a sabbatical year; wherein they proclaimed liberty to their servants, according to the law, but soon enthralled them again. 18183-900826-1606-2Ki25.3 18184-900826-1608-2Ki25.4 This being the ninth day of the fourth month, corresponded to Wednesday, july 27. 18185-900826-1609-2Ki25.5 18186-900826-1610-2Ki25.6 18187-900826-1613-2Ki25.7 Thus were fulfilled the apparently contradictory prophecies of jeremiah and Ezekiel--that his eyes should SEE the king of Babylon, but Babylon he should NOT SEE, though he should die there. 18188-900826-1618-2Ki25.8 three days after he reduced the temple to ashes, and carried Judah captive; in the 11th year of Zedekiah; the 19th of Nebuchadnezzar; 424 years, 3 months, and 8 days from the foundation of the temple; 468 years from the beginning of the reign of David; 388 years from the division of the ten tribes; and 134 years from their captivity 18189-900826-1619-2Ki25.9 18190-900826-1619-2Ki25.10 18191-900826-1620-2Ki25.11 18192-900826-1620-2Ki25.12 18193-900826-1622-2Ki25.13 18194-900826-1622-2Ki25.14 18195-900826-1623-2Ki25.15 18196-900826-1624-2Ki25.16 18197-900826-1624-2Ki25.17 18198-900826-1626-2Ki25.18 case of any temporary incapacity. 18199-900826-1627-2Ki25.19 18200-900826-1628-2Ki25.20 18201-900826-1630-2Ki25.21 These men were put to death as accessories to Zedekiah's rebellion; for the king of Babylon had no doubt found that they had counselled him to revolt. 18202-900826-1631-2Ki25.22 18203-900826-1633-2Ki25.23 There were several places of the name of Mizpah, or Mizpeh, and we do not certainly know which of them this was; but it is probable that it was that situated east of Jordan, in the mountains of Gilead, (Ge 31.49) and most contiguous to Babylon; and therefore the most proper for the residence of Gedaliah. 18204-900826-1634-2Ki25.24 18205-900826-1634-2Ki25.25 18206-900826-1635-2Ki25.26 18207-900826-1636-2Ki25.27 18208-900826-1637-2Ki25.28 18209-900826-1638-2Ki25.29 18210-900826-1639-2Ki25.30 18211-900909-1540-1Ch1.1 8-16 The sons of Ham 17-23 The sons of Shem 24-28 Shem's line to Abraham 29-31 Ishmael's sons 32,33 The sons of Keturah 34-37 The posterity of Abraham by Esau 38-42 The sons of Seir 43-50 The kings of Edom 51-54 The dukes of Edom 18212-900909-1541-1Ch1.2 18213-900909-1542-1Ch1.3 18214-900909-1544-1Ch1.4 18215-900909-1544-1Ch1.5 18216-900909-1545-1Ch1.6 18217-900909-1547-1Ch1.7 These, and other words ending in {im}, forming the Hebrew plural are not the names of individuals, but of nations. 18218-900909-1547-1Ch1.8 18220-900909-1547-1Ch1.10 18221-900909-1548-1Ch1.11 18222-900909-1548-1Ch1.12 18223-900909-1549-1Ch1.13 18224-900909-1604-1Ch1.14 18225-900909-1604-1Ch1.15 18226-900909-1605-1Ch1.16 18227-900909-1607-1Ch1.17 18228-900909-1607-1Ch1.18 18229-900909-1608-1Ch1.19 18230-900909-1608-1Ch1.20 18231-900909-1608-1Ch1.21 18232-900909-1609-1Ch1.22 18233-900909-1610-1Ch1.23 18234-900909-1611-1Ch1.24 18235-900909-1611-1Ch1.25 18236-900909-1612-1Ch1.26 18237-900909-1613-1Ch1.27 18238-900909-1613-1Ch1.28 18239-900909-1614-1Ch1.29 18240-900909-1615-1Ch1.30 18242-900909-1616-1Ch1.32 18243-900909-1617-1Ch1.33 18244-900909-1618-1Ch1.34 18245-900909-1618-1Ch1.35 18246-900909-1620-1Ch1.36 The various reading of () {Zephi}, and () {Zepho}, is caused simply by the mutation of {yood} and {wav} 18248-900909-1620-1Ch1.38 The variation here is only in the translation 18249-900909-1622-1Ch1.39 This variation is simply the mutation of {yood} and {wav}; that in Genesis being properly Heman, and this Homam 18250-900909-1625-1Ch1.40 Both these variations are also caused by the mutation of {yood} and {wav}; the former being written {Alvan}, and () {Alian}; {Shepho} and {Shephi}. The difference here is only in the translation; the original being uniformly Aiyah. 18251-900909-1627-1Ch1.41 This variation is only caused by the mutation of {daleth} and {raish} the original being in Genedis {Hemdan}, and here {Hamran}. 18252-900909-1628-1Ch1.42 The former of these is the same in the original {Zauvan} and the latter () is an error for () {weakan}, `and Achan.' 18253-900909-1629-1Ch1.43 18254-900909-1629-1Ch1.44 18258-900909-1630-1Ch1.48 The original is uniformly Shaul. 18260-900909-1632-1Ch1.50 This variation is occasioned simply by the mutation of {raish} and {daleth}; being in Genesis {Hadar} and here {Hadad} This simply depends on the interchange of {yood} and {wav}; being written in Genesis {Pau} and here {Pai}. 18261-900909-1634-1Ch1.51 This is another instance of the mutation of {yood} and {wav}; in the former instance being {Alvah}, and here {Aliah}, though the Keri also reads (). 18262-900909-1634-1Ch1.52 18264-900909-1635-1Ch1.54 18265-900909-1639-1Ch2.1 3-12 The posterity of Judah by Tamar 13-17 The children of Jesse 18-20 The posterity of Caleb the son of Hezron 21-24 Hezron's posterity by the daughter of Machir 25-33 Jerahmeel's posterity 34-41 Sheshan's posterity 42-49 Another branch of Caleb's posterity 50-55 The posterity of Caleb the son of Hur 18267-900909-1640-1Ch2.3 18268-900909-1641-1Ch2.4 18269-900909-1642-1Ch2.5 18270-900909-1654-1Ch2.6 Zabdi, is apparently here called Zimro, in consequence of a {baith} being mistaken for a {mem} and a {daleth} for a {raish}. Darda, is here called {Dara} by the elision of a {daleth} 18271-900909-1655-1Ch2.7 Achan is probably called Achar, from the trouble he occasioned. 18273-900909-1656-1Ch2.9 18274-900909-1657-1Ch2.10 18275-900909-1658-1Ch2.11 18276-900909-1659-1Ch2.12 18277-900909-1700-1Ch2.13 18279-900909-1701-1Ch2.15 It appears from the parallel places of Samuel, that Jesse had eight sons, of whom David was the youngest; but one may have died before David came to the throne. 18280-900909-1701-1Ch2.16 18281-900909-1703-1Ch2.17 Jether is essentially the same as Ithra, the latter only having the addition of an (); and it is probable, that he was an Ishmaelite by birth but an Israelite by religion 18282-900909-1706-1Ch2.18 Caleb is the same as Chelubai, the latter simply having a {wav} inserted, and a {yood} affixed. This person must have lived some time before Israel left Egypt; for Bezallel, the principal person employed in constructing the tabernacle, was his grandson. 18283-900909-1706-1Ch2.19 18284-900909-1707-1Ch2.20 18285-900909-1708-1Ch2.21 18286-900909-1709-1Ch2.22 18287-900909-1712-1Ch2.23 Kenath was situated in the tribe of Manasseh, east of Jordan. Eusebius says it was called in his time Kanatha; and was a town in the Trachonitis, near Bozra. Josephus places it in Coelo-syria; and Pliny reckons it among the cities of the Decapolis. It was also called Nobah, after Nobah an Israelite, who conquered it. See Note on Ju 8.11 18288-900909-1713-1Ch2.24 18289-900909-1714-1Ch2.25 Of the persons mentioned in verses 25-33, nothing more is recorded or known. 18291-900909-1714-1Ch2.27 18292-900909-1715-1Ch2.28 18293-900909-1715-1Ch2.29 18294-900909-1716-1Ch2.30 18299-900909-1719-1Ch2.35 When the people of the East have no sons, they frequently marry their daughters to their slaves, even when they have much property to bestow upon them. Hassan had been the slave of Kamel, his predecessor; but Kamel, according to the custom of the country, gave him one of his daughters in marriage, and left him at his death one part of his great riches. Maillet, Lett. xi. p.118 v. 31 18300-900909-1719-1Ch2.36 18306-900909-1724-1Ch2.42 This was not Caleb the son of Jephunneh, but Caleb the son of Hezron, and therefore called the brother of Jerahmeel: See the parallel texts: prince of the Ziphites;' for it was usual to call both the founder and the prince of a city its father. 18307-900909-1741-1Ch2.43 18309-900909-1741-1Ch2.45 Beth-zur was situate in the tribe of Judah, twenty miles south from Jerusalem, towards Hebron, according to Eusebius. It was fortified by Rehoboam. (2ch 11.7) and was a fortress of great consequence, principally in the time of the Maccabees. 18310-900909-1742-1Ch2.46 18312-900909-1743-1Ch2.48 18313-900909-1746-1Ch2.49 towards Gaza, according to Eusebius. residence of Saul, but Gibeah in the tribe of Judah, to which all these other cities belonged. 18314-900909-1747-1Ch2.50 This Caleb was the grandson of the preceding, and brother to Uri, the father of Bezaleel. Kirjath-jearim 18315-900909-1748-1Ch2.51 18316-900909-1750-1Ch2.52 probable they were deemed perfectly interchangeable, and indifferently applied. Hatsihammenuchoth 18317-900909-1751-1Ch2.53 18318-900909-1752-1Ch2.54 18319-900909-1753-1Ch2.55 18320-900909-1756-1Ch3.1 10-16 His line to Zedekiah 17-24 The successors of Jeconiah It is probable this person had two names. The Targumist says he was `called Chileab, because he was in every respect like his father.' 18321-900909-1758-1Ch3.2 18322-900909-1759-1Ch3.3 The Targumist, Jarchi, and others, maintain that this was Michal; and though it is stated (2Sa 6.23) that `she had no child to the day of her death,' yet she might have had a child before, at that time living. 18323-900909-1800-1Ch3.4 18324-900909-1801-1Ch3.5 18325-900909-1802-1Ch3.6 18326-900909-1803-1Ch3.7 18327-900909-1804-1Ch3.8 18328-900910-1948-1Ch3.9 18329-900910-1950-1Ch3.10 18330-900910-1951-1Ch3.11 18331-900910-1953-1Ch3.12 18332-900910-1954-1Ch3.13 18333-900910-1957-1Ch3.14 The Targumist says he was Shallum , ` because the kingdom departed from the house of David in his days.' 18335-900910-1959-1Ch3.16 As the sons of Jeconiah are enumerated in the succeeding verse, and as Zedekiah is no where else mentioned as the son of Jeconiah, but as the son of Josiah, it is highly probable that son here means successor. 18336-900910-2001-1Ch3.17 As Salathiel was not the son of Assir, but of Jeconiah, it is probable that the word assir, which signifies a prisoner, is an ephithet applied to Jeconiah, who was a long time prisoner at Babylon. Salathiel 18338-900910-2003-1Ch3.19 As St. Matthew states that Zerubbabel was the son of Salathiel, Houbigant thinks these words should be omitted; and Pediah is wanting in the Arabic and Syriac. 18340-900910-2003-1Ch3.21 18341-900910-2004-1Ch3.22 six. Five only are enumerated in the text, which Houbigant would substitute as the true reading; but probably the father is reckoned with his sons. 18342-900910-2004-1Ch3.23 18344-900910-2008-1Ch4.1 5-8 Of Ashur, the posthumous son Hezron 9,10 of Jabez, and his prayer 11,10 The other families of the same stock 21-23 The sons of Shelah 24-38 The posterity and cities of Simeon 39-43 Their conquest of Gedor, and of the Amalekites in mount Seir 18345-900910-2009-1Ch4.2 18346-900910-2010-1Ch4.3 18347-900910-2015-1Ch4.4 18348-900910-2015-1Ch4.5 18351-900910-2016-1Ch4.8 consequent without an antecedent. 18352-900910-2017-1Ch4.9 18353-900910-2022-1Ch4.10 18355-900910-2022-1Ch4.12 18356-900910-2023-1Ch4.13 18357-900910-2024-1Ch4.14 18358-900910-2025-1Ch4.15 18360-900910-2028-1Ch4.17 Ezra seems to be the person before called Asareel in verse 16. It is probable that the latter part of verse 18 should be trans- posed before this passage, which Michaelis thinks is its right place; for otherwise we have the pronoun she without an antecedent, and children born without their father's being mentioned. 18361-900910-2030-1Ch4.18 Gedor was a city in the tribe of Judah; and probably the same which Eusebius calls (), and Jerome {Gedrus}, ten miles from Diospolis, or Lydda, towards Eleutheropolis 18362-900910-2031-1Ch4.19 mentioned before 18363-900910-2032-1Ch4.20 Shimon is supposed to have been another son of Mered, by Jehudijah As this latter name signifies a Jewess, it rather favours the opinion that Bithiah was not a Jewess, but an Egyptian. 18364-900910-2033-1Ch4.21 18365-900910-2033-1Ch4.22 18366-900910-2033-1Ch4.23 18367-900910-2035-1Ch4.24 This genealogy differs in many particulars from those in the parallel places; probably being occasioned by the same person's having several names. 18370-900910-2035-1Ch4.27 18371-900910-2037-1Ch4.28 Beer-sheba was situated twenty miles south of Hebron, according to Eusebius and Jerome, in whose time it was occupied by a Roman garrison. Probably the same as Malath, so often mentioned by Eusebius; from whom it appears it was situated about twenty miles from Hebron. 18372-900910-2038-1Ch4.29 18373-900910-2039-1Ch4.30 18374-900910-2039-1Ch4.31 18375-900910-2041-1Ch4.32 Ether, or Etham, was situated near Malath, according to Eusebius Eusebius say Beth-ashan was sixteen miles west of Jerusalem. 18376-900910-2041-1Ch4.33 among them 18381-900910-2042-1Ch4.38 18382-900910-2044-1Ch4.39 This expedition of the Simeonites took place in the days of Hezekiah, and, as Calmet conjectures, near the time of the captivity of the ten tribes; when the remnant of Simeon would feel themselves obliged to retire more southward into arabia Petraea, for fear of the Jews, and to seek pasture for their flocks. 18383-900910-2046-1Ch4.40 These were probably either Philistines of Egyptians, who dwelt at Gedor. 18384-900910-2047-1Ch4.41 Or, the Meunnim, or Maonites 18385-900910-2047-1Ch4.42 18386-900910-2049-1Ch4.43 That is, those who escaped in the war against Saul, and after- wards David, made against them 18387-900910-2115-1Ch5.1 captivity 9,10 Their habitation, and conquest of the hagarites 11-17 The chief men and habitations of Gad 18-22 The number and conquest of Reuben, Gad, and the half tribe of Manasseh 23,24 The habitations and chief men of that half tribe 25,26 Their captivity for their sin 18388-900910-2117-1Ch5.2 By the chief ruler is meant first David, and after him the Messiah agreeably to the celebrated prophecy of Jacob. The Syriac calls him `Christ the King' and the Arabic `Messiah the king.' 18389-900910-2118-1Ch5.3 18392-900910-2120-1Ch5.6 After their separation from the house of David, the ten tribes continued to have princes of the tribes, the the time that Tiglath-pileser carried them captive; at which time Beerah, who according to the Targum was the same as Barcuch, was their prince. 18393-900910-2121-1Ch5.7 18394-900910-2123-1Ch5.8 The city of nebo was doubtless situated on or near the celebrated mountain of the same name, east of Jordan 18395-900910-2124-1Ch5.9 That is, unto the borders of Arabia Deserta, which extends to the Euphrates. 18396-900910-2125-1Ch5.10 18397-900910-2127-1Ch5.11 The Gadites and the half tribe of Manasseh are joined to the genealogy of Reuben, because they inhabited the country, and formed a sort of separated colony east of Jordan. 18399-900910-2127-1Ch5.13 18402-900910-2128-1Ch5.16 18403-900910-2129-1Ch5.17 18404-900910-2129-1Ch5.18 18405-900910-2131-1Ch5.19 the Hagarite, and these other tribes, were descendants of Hagar, and dwelt, according to Strabo, in Arabia Deserta 18406-900910-2133-1Ch5.20 18407-900910-2139-1Ch5.21 camels The came, in Hebrew {gamal}, retained with little variation in all languages, is, according to the Linnaean system, a genus of quadrapeds of the order pecora; comprehending the camel, properly so called, with two prominences; the dromedary, with a single one; the lame, or Peruvian camel, with the back even and the breast gibbose; and the pacos, or camel without any gibbosity. The camel, properly so called, is about 6-1/2 feet in height: its head is small; ears short; neck long, slender, and bending; legs long and slender, having four callosities on the four legs and two on the hinder, on which it rests; feet soft, parted, but not thoroughly divided; bottom of the foot tough and pliant; tail about two feet in length, terminating in a tuft; and hair fine, soft, of considerable length, and of a dusky reddish colour. Besides the same internal structure as other ruminating animals, it is furnished with an additional bag for containing a quantity of water till wanted. 18408-900910-2140-1Ch5.22 18409-900910-2141-1Ch5.23 18410-900910-2141-1Ch5.24 18411-900910-2142-1Ch5.25 18412-900910-2143-1Ch5.26 18413-900910-2147-1Ch6.1 4-15 The line of Eleazar unto the captivity 16-48 The families of Gershom, Kohath, and Merari 49-53 The office of Aaron, and his line unto Ahimaaz 54-81 The cities of the priests and Levites 18414-900910-2147-1Ch6.2 18415-900910-2148-1Ch6.3 18416-900910-2150-1Ch6.4 18420-900910-2151-1Ch6.8 18422-900910-2154-1Ch6.10 Johanan is supposed to the same as Jehoiada, as he would otherwise not be mentioned. 18423-900910-2154-1Ch6.11 18424-900910-2154-1Ch6.12 18425-900910-2155-1Ch6.13 18426-900910-2157-1Ch6.14 Seraiah was carried to Riblah, and there put to death by order of Nebuchadnezzar; so that with him ended the succession of high priests in the first temple. 18427-900910-2159-1Ch6.15 18428-900910-2200-1Ch6.16 18429-900910-2201-1Ch6.17 18430-900910-2201-1Ch6.18 18431-900910-2202-1Ch6.19 18432-900910-2203-1Ch6.20 18433-900910-2204-1Ch6.21 18434-900910-2205-1Ch6.22 18436-900910-2205-1Ch6.24 18437-900910-2207-1Ch6.25 18438-900910-2208-1Ch6.26 18439-900910-2209-1Ch6.27 18440-900910-2213-1Ch6.28 It appears that the word Joel is here lost out of the text; and that {washni}, which signifies {and the second}, and which refers to Abiah, is made into a proper name. The Syriac and Arabic read as in Samuel. The marginal references contain the variations in the names given to the same persons; and nearly all that is known of them may be learned by consulting them. 18441-900910-2213-1Ch6.29 18443-900911-1955-1Ch6.31 18444-900911-1957-1Ch6.32 18445-900911-1959-1Ch6.33 This variation, as well as some others, only exists in the translation; the Hebrew being uniformly Shemuel 18446-900911-2000-1Ch6.34 18447-900911-2000-1Ch6.35 18448-900911-2002-1Ch6.36 While it is sufficiently evident that many of the variations of the names of persons have arisen from the carelessness of transcribers, or the inattention of translators, and others from a difference (probably dialectical) in the pronunciation; it is also evident, that the same persons, as in these instances, must have had two or more totally distinct names. 18449-900911-2004-1Ch6.37 18450-900911-2004-1Ch6.38 18451-900911-2006-1Ch6.39 Asaph is probably called his brother, because he was of the same tribe as Heman; or perhaps, because he was his companion or associate. 18453-900911-2007-1Ch6.41 18454-900911-2007-1Ch6.42 18455-900911-2008-1Ch6.43 18456-900911-2009-1Ch6.44 18459-900911-2009-1Ch6.47 18460-900911-2011-1Ch6.48 18461-900911-2015-1Ch6.49 18462-900911-2018-1Ch6.50 We have already had a list of these, through more extensive 18465-900911-2019-1Ch6.53 18466-900911-2020-1Ch6.54 18467-900911-2020-1Ch6.55 18469-900911-2021-1Ch6.57 18470-900911-2023-1Ch6.58 This variation simply arises from the introduction of a {yood} and a change of the vowel points; Holon being written () and Hilen () 18471-900911-2024-1Ch6.59 It is probable that either Ain, in Joshua, is a mistake for Ashan, or that it was called by both names. 18472-900911-2028-1Ch6.60 interchangeable. Here there are only eleven enumerated; but two more are added in in the book of Joshua, Juttah and Gibeon, which make thirteen. None of the versions give the full number of names, though they all give the whole sum of thirteen; and it is probable that these two cities had been destroyed and lay in ruins when this book was written, and hence were not enumerated. 18473-900911-2028-1Ch6.61 18474-900911-2029-1Ch6.62 18475-900911-2029-1Ch6.63 18476-900911-2030-1Ch6.64 18477-900911-2030-1Ch6.65 18478-900911-2030-1Ch6.66 18479-900911-2031-1Ch6.67 18480-900911-2032-1Ch6.68 18481-900911-2032-1Ch6.69 18482-900911-2038-1Ch6.70 Aner is probably another name of Tanach, which was a city of the half tribe of Manasseh, west of Jordan; and Eusebius, Jerome, and Procopius of Gaza, say that it was in their time a considerable place, three miles from Legio. Ib-leam is here called Bileam, by a transposition of letters common to all languages..It is evident, however, that many of these cities or their name have been changed since the time of Joshua; but, as it has been well observed, Salop and Shrewsbury, Sarum and Salisbury, are as different names as any in these catalogs; yet those who live in their vicinity are not at all confused by them. Some cities also are here mentioned as belonging to Ephraim, which in Joshua are spoken of as cities of Dan; but various changes in such matters would occur in a course of ages. 18483-900911-2039-1Ch6.71 18484-900911-2040-1Ch6.72 18486-900911-2040-1Ch6.74 18487-900911-2041-1Ch6.75 18488-900911-2042-1Ch6.76 18489-900911-2043-1Ch6.77 Probably the city on the summit of Tabor, mentioned by Polybius and Josephus, the remains of which still exists. 18490-900911-2044-1Ch6.78 18492-900911-2045-1Ch6.80 18493-900911-2046-1Ch6.81 18494-900911-2048-1Ch7.1 6-12 of Benjamin 13 of Napthali 14 of Manessah 15-20 and of Ephraim 21,22 The calamity of Ephraim by the men of Gath 23-27 His posterity by Beriah 28,29 Their habitations 30-40 The sons of Asher 18495-900911-2052-1Ch7.2 This was probably the number returned by Joab and his assistants, when they made that census of the people with which God was so much displeased. We find that the effective men of Issachar amounted to 87,000 (ver. 5), 22,600 of whom descended from Tola his eldest son; but whether the 36,000 (ver 4) were descendants of Tola by Uzzi, and the 22,600 his descendants by Tola's other sons; or whether another of Issachar's sons be intended, does not clearly appear; though the former seems the more obvious meaning. 18497-900911-2053-1Ch7.4 18499-900911-2114-1Ch7.6 in the parallel place of Genesis, ten sons of Benjamin are reckoned, Bela, Becher, Ashbel, Gera, Naaman, Ehi, Rosh, Nuppim, Huppim, and Ard; and in Numbers, five only are mentioned, Bela, Ashbel, Ahiraim, Shupman, and Hupham; and Ard and Naaaman are said to be the sons of Bela, and consequently Benjamin's grandsons. In the beginning of the foloowing chapter, Nohah, and Rapha; and Addar, Gera, Abihud, Abishua, Naaman, Ahoha, another Gera, Shepuphan, and Huram, are all represented as grandsons, not sons of Benjamin: hence we see that in many cases, grandsons are called sons, and both are often confounded in the genealogical tables. It seems, also, that the persons mentioned in the following verse were neither sons nor grandsons of Bela and Becher, but distinguished persons among their descendants. 18500-900911-2115-1Ch7.7 18503-900911-2115-1Ch7.10 18504-900911-2115-1Ch7.11 18505-900911-2120-1Ch7.12 Aher signifies another, and it has been conjectured that these were Danites, `the sons of another tribe;' especially as Hushim is named as the only son of Dan, his descendants first established idolatry. But Zebulun, as well as Dan, is here omitted, perhaps because none of either of these tribes returned at first from Babylon. Though the Benjamites had been almost destroyed in the first days of the judges, they soon became numerous and powerful. 18506-900911-2121-1Ch7.13 18507-900911-2125-1Ch7.14 The text in these two verses seems to be strangely corrupted; and, as it stands, is scarcely intelligible. Probably it should be rendered, `The sons of Manasseh were Ashriel, who his Syrian concubines bore to him; and Machir the father of Gilead, whom (his wife) bore to him. Machir took for a wife Maachah, sister to Huppim and Shuppim.' This is nearly the version of Dr. Geddes. 18508-900911-2127-1Ch7.15 It is certain that Zelophehad was not a son, but a descendant of Manasseh's, three generations having intervened; for he was the son of Hepher, the son of Gilead, the son of Machir, the son of Manasseh. 18510-900911-2127-1Ch7.17 18511-900911-2128-1Ch7.18 18513-900911-2128-1Ch7.20 18514-900911-2131-1Ch7.21 Or rather, `when (kee) they came down to take away their cattle; ' for it does not appear that the sons of Ephraim were the aggressors, but the men of Gath, who appear to have been born in Egypt. This is the only place in the Sacred Writings where this piece of history is mentioned, and the transaction seems to have happened before the Israelites came out of Egypt; for it appears from the following verse, that Ephraim was alive when these children of his were slain. 18515-900911-2132-1Ch7.22 18516-900911-2136-1Ch7.23 that is, In evil Many similar instances of the naming of children from passing circumstances, occur throughout the sacred volume. See those of a similar character with this verse: Ge 35.18, where Rachel, while dying, names her new-born son Ben-oni, or, the son of my sorrow. So in 1SA 4.21, the wife of Phinheas, on being apprised of the death of Eli and her husband, and that the ark was taken by the Philistines, while in the pains of travail, and dying, named her son I-chabod, or, there is no glory. So also in the 4th chapter of this book, ver. 9, we read that Jabez, or, sorrowful, had that name given to him, because his mother `bare him with sorrow.' 18517-900911-2137-1Ch7.24 18520-900911-2138-1Ch7.27 18521-900911-2141-1Ch7.28 Naaran, or Naarath, Eusebius says was a town in his time called Noorath, five miles from Jerich. It appears to be the same as Neara, mentioned by Josephus, from whence, he says, they brought the water which watered the palm-trees of Jericho. 18522-900911-2144-1Ch7.29 18523-900911-2146-1Ch7.30 This variation only exists in the translation; the original being uniformly Jimnah, or Yimnah. This variation is also attributable to the translator; the Hebrew being in both places Isui, or rather, Yishwi 18525-900911-2146-1Ch7.32 18527-900911-2147-1Ch7.34 18530-900911-2149-1Ch7.37 This name is essentially the same, the variation being caused by a paragogic {noon}: here it is written Ithran, and in the following verse Jether. 18533-900911-2150-1Ch7.40 18534-900911-2230-1Ch8.1 33-40 The stock of Saul and Jonathan 18536-900911-2232-1Ch8.3 The variation in this name is occasioned simply by the transposition of a {daleth} and {raish}; being in the parallel passage () Ard, and here Addar 18538-900911-2236-1Ch8.5 seems to be merely a contracted form of () Shupham, or rather, Shephupman, which, by the mutation of {mem} into {noon} is here changed into {Shephupham}. Huram appears to be an error for Hupham in the parallel passage of Numbers, which, by contraction, is written {Huppim.} 18539-900911-2237-1Ch8.6 18541-900911-2237-1Ch8.8 18542-900911-2240-1Ch8.9 In the preceding verse it is said that `Hushim and Baara were his wives;' and here it said, `he begat of Hodesh his wife,' and then in the eleventh verse, his children by Hushim are mentioned, but not a word of Baara. It is probable, therefore, that Hodesh was another name for Baara; and this is asserted by the Targumist: `And he begat of Baara, that is, of Chodesh, his wife, so called because he espoused her anew.' 18543-900911-2246-1Ch8.10 Ono is stated by Reland to have been three miles from Lydda Lod, or Lydda, was situated about four leagues from Joppa, and a day's journey, or about thirty-two miles N.W. from Jerusalem; and according to the Antonine Itinerary, twelve miles from Jamnia, eighteen from Eleutheropolis, and twenty two from Bethar. Josephus says it was a village, not yielding to a city in greatness; and that it was one three toparchies dismembered from Samaria, and given to the Jews. It was destroyed by Cesitus in the Jewish war, and, when rebuilt, was called Diospolis. It is now called Loudd, and is a poor village, situated in a fine plain about a league to the E.N.E. of Ramia. 18545-900911-2246-1Ch8.12 Ono is stated by Reland to have been three miles from Lydda Lod, or Lydda, was situated about four leagues from Joppa, and a day's journey, or about thirty-two miles N.W. from Jerusalem; and according to the Antonine Itinerary, twelve miles from Jamnia, eighteen from Eleutheropolis, and twenty two from Bethar. Josephus says it was a village, not yielding to a city in greatness; and that it was one three toparchies dismembered from Samaria, and given to the Jews. It was destroyed by Cesitus in the Jewish war, and, when rebuilt, was called Diospolis. It is now called Loudd, and is a poor village, situated in a fine plain about a league to the E.N.E. of Ramia. 18546-900911-2247-1Ch8.13 18549-900911-2248-1Ch8.16 18554-900911-2248-1Ch8.21 18561-900911-2255-1Ch8.28 Jerusalem, the ancient capital of Judea, is situated in long. 35 deg. 20. min. E. lat. 31 deg. 47 min 47 sec. N.; and, according to the best authorities, 136 miles S.W. of Damascus, 34 miles S. of Shechem or Nablous, 45 miles E. of Jaffa, 27 miles N. of Hebron, and about 20 miles W. of Jericho. The city of Jerusalem was built on hills, and encompassed with mountains (Ps 125.2) in a stony and barren soil, and was about sixteen furlongs in length, say Strabo. The ancient city of Jebus, taken by David from the Jebusites, was not large, and stood on a mountain south of that on which the temple was erected. Here David built a new city, called the city of David, wherein was the royal palace. Between these two mountains lay the valley of Millo, filled up by David and Solomon; and after the reign of Manasseh, another city is mentioned, called the {second.} The Maccabees considerably enlarged Jerusalem on the north, enclosing a third hill; and Josephus mentions a fourth hill, called Bezetha, which Agrippa joined to the former: this new city lay north of the temple, along the brook Kidron. See note on 1ch 9.34 18562-900911-2256-1Ch8.29 18563-900911-2256-1Ch8.30 18564-900911-2257-1Ch8.31 18565-900911-2257-1Ch8.32 18566-900911-2259-1Ch8.33 18567-900911-2300-1Ch8.34 18568-900911-2300-1Ch8.35 18569-900911-2300-1Ch8.36 18570-900911-2301-1Ch8.37 18573-900911-2302-1Ch8.40 18574-900912-1839-1Ch9.1 2-9 The Israelites 10-13 The priests 14-26 and the Levites, with Nethinims, which dwelt in Jerusalem 27-34 The charge of certain Levites 35-44 The stock of Saul and Jonathan 18575-900912-1840-1Ch9.2 18576-900912-1841-1Ch9.3 18577-900912-1841-1Ch9.4 18578-900912-1842-1Ch9.5 18579-900912-1843-1Ch9.6 18580-900912-1843-1Ch9.7 18581-900912-1844-1Ch9.8 18583-900912-1844-1Ch9.10 18584-900912-1845-1Ch9.11 18585-900912-1846-1Ch9.12 18586-900912-1846-1Ch9.13 18587-900912-1847-1Ch9.14 18588-900912-1848-1Ch9.15 18589-900912-1850-1Ch9.16 18590-900912-1851-1Ch9.17 18591-900912-1859-1Ch9.18 The original is wead hennah, which Houbigant and Dr. Geddes consider as a proper name, and render, `And Adnah was over the eastern gate, called the king's;' i.e. the gate by which the kings of Judah went to the temple. The list is here nearly the same with those found in Ezra and Nehemiah, and contains those who returned to Jerusalem with Zerubbabel: but the list in Nehemiah is more ample, probably because it contains those who came {afterwards}; the object of the sacred writer here being to give the names of those who came first (ver 2.) These consisted of men belonging not only to the tribes of Judah and Benjamin, but to many of the other tribes of Israel, who took advantage of the proclamation of Cyrus to return to Jerusalem. Properly speaking, the divisions mentioned here constituted the {whole} of the Israelitish people, who were divided into priests, Levites, common Israekites, and Nethinims. 18592-900912-1901-1Ch9.19 18593-900912-1902-1Ch9.20 18594-900912-1902-1Ch9.21 18595-900912-1904-1Ch9.22 18596-900912-1905-1Ch9.23 18597-900912-1905-1Ch9.24 18598-900912-1905-1Ch9.25 18599-900912-1906-1Ch9.26 18600-900912-1907-1Ch9.27 18601-900912-1908-1Ch9.28 out. 18602-900912-1909-1Ch9.29 18603-900912-1909-1Ch9.30 18604-900912-1910-1Ch9.31 18605-900912-1910-1Ch9.32 18606-900912-1912-1Ch9.33 A number of levites were employed by rotation in singing the praises of Jehovah; and they seem to have continued the service day and night: 18607-900912-1920-1Ch9.34 We have already seen the situation and extent of this city, (Note of ch 8.28;) but the Jerusalem of sacred history is no more. After having been successively destroyed by the Babylonians and Romans, and taken by the Saracens, Crusaders, and Turks, in the possession of the latter of whom it still continues, not a vestige remains of the capital of David and Solomon, not a monument of Jewish times is standing. The very course of the walls is changed, and the boundaries of the ancient city are become doubtful. The monks pretend to shew the sites of the sacred places; but they have not the slightest pretensions to even a probable identity with the real places. The Jerusalem that now is, however, called by the Arabs {El Kouds}, or `the holy city,' is still a respectable, good looking town, of an irregular shape: it is surrounded by high embattled walls, enclosing an area not exceeding two miles and a half, and occupying two small hills, having the valley of Jehoshaphat on the east, the valley of Siloam and Gehinnom on the south, and the valley of Rephaim on the west; and containing a population variously estimated at from 20,000 to 30,000 souls. 18608-900912-1924-1Ch9.35 Some editions read {achatho} `his sister;' but in the parallel place 1ch 8.29 is {ishto}, `his wife,' which is also the reading of the LXX., Vulgate, Arabic, and Syriac here, and is undoubtedly the true reading. This repetition of part of Bemjamin's genealogy seems to have been intended merely as an introduction to the ensuing history. 18609-900912-1924-1Ch9.36 18610-900912-1926-1Ch9.37 Aacher is merely an abbreviation of Zechariah, by the omission of {Jah} or {Yah}, one of the names of God. 18611-900912-1927-1Ch9.38 Shimean seems to be a mistake for Shimeah; the only difference being {mem} final, and {hay}; and the LXX. in both places read {Samaa} 18612-900912-1929-1Ch9.39 18613-900912-1929-1Ch9.40 18614-900912-1930-1Ch9.41 18615-900912-1931-1Ch9.42 Jarah seems also to be a mistake for Jehoadah, and the LXX. read uniformly () {Iada}. 18616-900912-1932-1Ch9.43 Rapha is merely a contracted form of Rephaih 18618-900908-1609-1Ch10.1 8-10 The Philistines triumph over Saul 11,12 The kindness of jabesh-gilead towards Saul and his sons 13,14 Saul's sin for which the kingdom was translated from him to David 18619-900908-1611-1Ch10.2 18620-900908-1612-1Ch10.3 18621-900908-1613-1Ch10.4 18623-900908-1616-1Ch10.6 `All his men,' in Saul; that is, all who were present with him in the battle; and his family received such a blow, that it never recovered itself again. For though Ishbosheth reigned over a part of the country, yet it was not in any splendour. This history seems to be repeated here as an introduction to that of the kingdom of David. 18624-900908-1616-1Ch10.7 18625-900908-1617-1Ch10.8 18626-900908-1618-1Ch10.9 18627-900908-1618-1Ch10.10 18628-900908-1618-1Ch10.11 18629-900908-1626-1Ch10.12 18630-900908-1628-1Ch10.13 18631-900908-1635-1Ch10.14 18632-900908-1637-1Ch11.1 18633-900908-1639-1Ch11.2 18634-900908-1641-1Ch11.3 18635-900908-1643-1Ch11.4 18636-900908-1718-1Ch11.5 18637-900908-1719-1Ch11.6 18638-900908-1720-1Ch11.7 18639-900908-1721-1Ch11.8 18640-900908-1722-1Ch11.9 18641-900908-1725-1Ch11.10 The valiant men who assisted David in his advancement, and helped to establish him in his authority, were those, in all likelihood, that had accompanied him during his persecution by Saul. 18642-900908-1726-1Ch11.11 18643-900908-1729-1Ch11.12 it being written here {Dodo}, and in the parallel passage {Dodai} 18644-900908-1732-1Ch11.13 Ephes-dammim is here called Pas-dammim, by aphaeresis In Samuel it is, `a piece of ground full of {lentiles}' and there is probably a mistake of {seorim} `barley,' for {adashim}, `lentiles.' or vice-versa. Some, however, think there were both lentiles and barley in the field, which is not unlikely. 18645-900908-1733-1Ch11.14 18646-900908-1734-1Ch11.15 18647-900908-1735-1Ch11.16 18648-900908-1735-1Ch11.17 18649-900908-1736-1Ch11.18 18650-900908-1738-1Ch11.19 18651-900908-1739-1Ch11.20 18652-900908-1740-1Ch11.21 18653-900908-1741-1Ch11.22 18654-900908-1742-1Ch11.23 18656-900908-1743-1Ch11.25 18657-900908-1743-1Ch11.26 18658-900908-1748-1Ch11.27 Shammah, Shammoth, and as it is in deemed perfectly interchangeable, and accordingly used indifferently. mutation of () {raish} and () {daleth} 18659-900908-1749-1Ch11.28 This variation springs simply form the points; the word being written () {Anethothite} in Samuel, and here () {Antothite} 18660-900908-1752-1Ch11.29 The reading of () {Mebunnai} for () Sibbecai, seems to be occasioned by the mistake of () samech of () mem, and a () noon for a () caph; and a difference in the vowel points. 18661-900908-1754-1Ch11.30 Heleb seems evidently a mistake for Heled, which is essentially the same with Heldai, the latter merely having a paragogic () yood 18662-900908-1802-1Ch11.31 The variation of () Ithai, and () Ittai, simply arises from the elision of () yood which is compensated by the reduplication of the next letter 18663-900908-1804-1Ch11.32 18664-900908-1806-1Ch11.33 Barhumhite, () seems a mistake for () Baharumite; the letters cheth and raish being transposed 18665-900908-1807-1Ch11.34 18666-900908-1808-1Ch11.35 18668-900908-1809-1Ch11.37 18669-900908-1809-1Ch11.38 18670-900908-1810-1Ch11.39 18671-900908-1810-1Ch11.40 18672-900908-1811-1Ch11.41 18676-900908-1811-1Ch11.45 18679-900909-0845-1Ch12.1 23-40 The armies that came to him at Hebron Sometimes, in the East, when a successful prince endeavored to extirpate the preceding royal family, some of them escaped the slaughter, and secured themselves in an impregnable fortress, or in a place of great secrecy; while others have been known to seek an asylum in a foreign county, from when they have occasioned, from time to time, great anxiety and great difficulties to the usurper of the crown. The expression {shut up}, so often applied to the extermination of eastern royal families. term may be used in a more extensive sense, for those who, by retiring into deserts, or foreign countries, preserve themselves from being slain by the men who usurp the dominions of their ancestors. Thus the term is here applied to David, though he did not shut himself up, strictly speaking, in Ziklag. It is described as a town in the country, and was probably an unwalled town; and it is certain that he did not confine himself to it, but, on the contrary, was continually making excursions from thence. 18680-900909-0846-1Ch12.2 18681-900909-0847-1Ch12.3 18682-900909-0848-1Ch12.4 18685-900909-0849-1Ch12.7 18686-900909-0851-1Ch12.8 mountains to make haste. 18692-900909-0852-1Ch12.14 thousand. or, one that was least could resist an hundred, the greatest a thousand. 18693-900909-0853-1Ch12.15 18694-900909-0853-1Ch12.16 18695-900909-0856-1Ch12.17 18696-900909-0859-1Ch12.18 18697-900909-0900-1Ch12.19 18698-900909-0916-1Ch12.20 returning from the army of the Philistines to Ziklag. It is probable that they did not bring their companies with them; yet they both assured him of future assistance, and very seasonably helped him against the Amalekites who had spoiled Ziklag. 18699-900909-0917-1Ch12.21 18700-900909-0918-1Ch12.22 That is, says the Targumist, a very numerous army, like the army of the angel of God 18701-900909-0922-1Ch12.23 Some learned men understand this as relating to the time when David was make king over Judah, on his first coming to Hebron: but it seems wholly to refer to his being made king over all Israel, after the death of Ishbosheth; for there was no such union or assembly of the several tribes on the former occasion, as is here described. 18702-900909-0922-1Ch12.24 18705-900909-0923-1Ch12.27 18706-900909-0923-1Ch12.28 18707-900909-0924-1Ch12.29 18708-900909-0925-1Ch12.30 18709-900909-0927-1Ch12.31 18710-900909-0930-1Ch12.32 That is, as the following words indicate, intelligent men, who understood the signs of the times, well versed in political affairs, and knew what was proper to be done in all the exigencies of human life; and who now perceived that it was both the duty and political interest of Israel to advance David to the throne. 18711-900909-0933-1Ch12.33 and a heart. That is, they were all sincerely affected towards David, though so numerous. 18714-900909-0933-1Ch12.36 18715-900909-0934-1Ch12.37 18716-900909-0936-1Ch12.38 The meaning of this expression may be inferred from that of {a double heart} in verse 33. If a double heart be expressive of insincerity or duplicity, a perfect heart, which seems to be put in opposition to it, must signify a sincere, faithful, and entire attachment. 18717-900909-0937-1Ch12.39 18718-900909-0942-1Ch12.40 The Septuagint reads () `brought to them' which is probably correct; the Hebrew {lahem} `to them' might be easily mistaken for {lechem} bread. The passage will then read, `bought them on asses, on camels, and on mules, and on oxen, meat, meal, cakes of figs,' etc., which renders the introduction of {and} unnecessary. From the mention of oil, figs, and raisins, mr. Harmer thinks that this assembly was held in autumn. 18719-900909-0944-1Ch13.1 jearim 9-14 Uzza being smitten, the ark is left at the house of Obed- edom 18720-900909-0946-1Ch13.2 18721-900909-0947-1Ch13.3 18722-900909-0947-1Ch13.4 18723-900909-0949-1Ch13.5 18724-900909-0950-1Ch13.6 18725-900909-0958-1Ch13.7 at ver. 38, a particular caution is given that strangers must not touch, or even pry into, the most holy things connected with the tabernacle, lest the offender die. In giving the law, also, even a beast which touched Sainai's mount was, by the Almighty's fiat, to be stoned or thrust through with a dart. And again we read, (nu 4.15) after special orders to Aaron and his sons about covering the sanctuary and all the vessels previously to a removal, that the Koathites, who were to carry them, `shall not touch any holy thing, lest they die.' These were positive commands. May the sin of Uzza in touching the ark, warn Christians to take heed of rashness and irreverence in dealing about holy things. 18726-900909-1014-1Ch13.8 kainoro, in arabic, kinnarat, and in Greek () certainly denotes a harp, played on with the hand, according to 1sa 16.23. The number of strings in the harp was at first three; but afterwards they were increased to four, and at last to seven was an instrument of the harp kind; having twelve sounds. 18727-900909-1014-1Ch13.9 18728-900909-1016-1Ch13.10 18729-900909-1017-1Ch13.11 18730-900909-1018-1Ch13.12 18731-900909-1018-1Ch13.13 18732-900909-1019-1Ch13.14 18733-900909-1022-1Ch14.1 2-7 David's felicity in people, wives, and children 8-17 His two victories against the Philistines 18734-900909-1023-1Ch14.2 18735-900909-1024-1Ch14.3 18736-900909-1026-1Ch14.4 18737-900909-1026-1Ch14.5 18739-900909-1030-1Ch14.7 Probably Beeliada is a mistake for Eliada, as the LXX., Syriac, and Arabic read here. This variation merely arises from the change of a vowel. Here we have 13 persons mentioned, but only 11 in Samuel; and it is probable that the duplicate Elishama and Eliphelet dying when young, were therefore omitted in the latter. 18740-900909-1031-1Ch14.8 18741-900909-1031-1Ch14.9 18742-900909-1033-1Ch14.10 18743-900909-1034-1Ch14.11 that is, a place of breaches. 18744-900909-1035-1Ch14.12 18745-900909-1035-1Ch14.13 18746-900909-1036-1Ch14.14 18747-900909-1042-1Ch14.15 Some, taking the word bechaim, translated `mulberry trees,' as a proper name, render,`when thou shalt hear a sound of going upon the summits of Becahaim;' other understanding {rosh} `a top,' in the sense of beginning or entrance, read, `when thou hearest a sound of footsteps at the entrance of the grove of mulberry trees;' and others think a rustling among the leaves is intended. The Targumist read, `When thou shalt hear the sound of the angels coming to thy assistance, then go out to battle; for an angel is sent from the presence of God, that he may render thy way prosperous.' If there had not been an evident supernatural interference, David might have thought that the {ruse de guerre} which he had used, was the cause of his victory. 18748-900909-1043-1Ch14.16 18749-900909-1044-1Ch14.17 18750-900909-1046-1Ch15.1 Levites bring it from Obed-edom 25-28 He performs the solemnity thereof with great joy 29 Michal despises him 18751-900909-1048-1Ch15.2 Levites. 18752-900909-1048-1Ch15.3 18753-900909-1049-1Ch15.4 18754-900909-1050-1Ch15.5 18755-900909-1050-1Ch15.6 18756-900909-1050-1Ch15.7 18757-900909-1051-1Ch15.8 18758-900909-1052-1Ch15.9 18759-900909-1052-1Ch15.10 18760-900909-1053-1Ch15.11 18761-900909-1054-1Ch15.12 18762-900909-1056-1Ch15.13 18763-900909-1056-1Ch15.14 18764-900909-1057-1Ch15.15 18765-900909-1100-1Ch15.16 18766-900909-1101-1Ch15.17 18767-900909-1103-1Ch15.18 18768-900909-1103-1Ch15.19 18769-900909-1104-1Ch15.20 18770-900909-1122-1Ch15.21 18771-900909-1123-1Ch15.22 carriage. 18772-900909-1124-1Ch15.23 18773-900909-1126-1Ch15.24 18774-900909-1129-1Ch15.25 18775-900909-1130-1Ch15.26 18776-900909-1131-1Ch15.27 18777-900909-1134-1Ch15.28 Jerome on Ho 5.8 says this instrument is properly called in Greek () from () a horn. The trumpets were, according to Joesphus, made of metal, and about a cubit in length. 18778-900909-1135-1Ch15.29 18779-900909-1139-1Ch16.1 4-6 He orders a choir to sing thanksgiving 7-36 The psalm of thanksgiving 37-43 He appoints ministers, proters, priests, and musicians, to attend continually on the ark 18780-900909-1140-1Ch16.2 18781-900909-1140-1Ch16.3 18782-900909-1142-1Ch16.4 18783-900909-1143-1Ch16.5 harps 18784-900909-1144-1Ch16.6 18785-900909-1144-1Ch16.7 18786-900909-1147-1Ch16.8 This beautiful hymn, to the 22nd verse, is nearly the same as Ps 105,1-15; from the 23rd to the 33rd it accords with Ps 96; and the conclusion agrees with Ps 106, with the addition of verses 34-36. 18787-900909-1148-1Ch16.9 18788-900909-1149-1Ch16.10 18789-900909-1150-1Ch16.11 18790-900909-1151-1Ch16.12 18791-900909-1151-1Ch16.13 18792-900909-1152-1Ch16.14 18793-900909-1152-1Ch16.15 18794-900909-1153-1Ch16.16 18795-900909-1154-1Ch16.17 18796-900909-1155-1Ch16.18 18797-900909-1156-1Ch16.19 18798-900909-1156-1Ch16.20 18799-900909-1157-1Ch16.21 18800-900909-1157-1Ch16.22 18801-900909-1158-1Ch16.23 18802-900909-1158-1Ch16.24 18803-900909-1159-1Ch16.25 18804-900909-1200-1Ch16.26 18805-900909-1201-1Ch16.27 18806-900909-1209-1Ch16.28 18807-900909-1212-1Ch16.29 18808-900909-1213-1Ch16.30 18809-900909-1214-1Ch16.31 18810-900909-1215-1Ch16.32 18811-900909-1215-1Ch16.33 18812-900909-1216-1Ch16.34 18813-900909-1218-1Ch16.35 18814-900909-1218-1Ch16.36 18815-900909-1219-1Ch16.37 18816-900909-1220-1Ch16.38 18817-900909-1221-1Ch16.39 18818-900909-1222-1Ch16.40 18819-900909-1223-1Ch16.41 18820-900909-1224-1Ch16.42 18821-900909-1225-1Ch16.43 18822-900909-1225-1Ch17.1 house 3-10 after by the word of God forbids him 11-15 He promises him blessings and benefits in his seed 16-27 David's prayer and thanksgiving 18823-900904-2109-1Ch17.2 18824-900904-2110-1Ch17.3 18825-900904-2111-1Ch17.4 18826-900904-2112-1Ch17.5 18827-900904-2114-1Ch17.6 18828-900904-2115-1Ch17.7 18829-900904-2118-1Ch17.8 18830-900904-2120-1Ch17.9 18831-900904-2121-1Ch17.10 18832-900904-2123-1Ch17.11 18833-900904-2125-1Ch17.12 18834-900904-2127-1Ch17.13 18835-900904-2128-1Ch17.14 In the parallel passage, it is `thine house, and thy kingdom.' Jehovah was Israel's king; and David and Solomon were merely his viceregents, as well as types of the Messiah 18836-900904-2129-1Ch17.15 18837-900904-2130-1Ch17.16 18838-900904-2133-1Ch17.17 18839-900904-2134-1Ch17.18 18840-900904-2135-1Ch17.19 18841-900904-2136-1Ch17.20 18842-900904-2139-1Ch17.21 18843-900904-2140-1Ch17.22 18844-900904-2140-1Ch17.23 18845-900904-2141-1Ch17.24 18846-900904-2142-1Ch17.25 18847-900904-2143-1Ch17.26 18848-900904-2143-1Ch17.27 18849-900904-2147-1Ch18.1 3-8 He smites Hadarezer and the Syrians 9,10 Tou sends Hadoram with presents to bless David 11,12 The presents and the spoil David dedicates to God 13 He put garrisons in Edom 14-17 David's officers 18850-900904-2148-1Ch18.2 18851-900904-2151-1Ch18.3 Hadadezer in the parallel passage, seems an evident mistake for Hadarezer; for the LXX. and Vulgate there, as here, read () Adarezer. The difference arises from the mistake of a (), raish for a () daleth, two letters very similar. 18852-900904-2155-1Ch18.4 The words {wyakker Dawid eth col haraichev} should be rendered, `and David disjointed all the chariots;' which is nearly the rendering of the LXX. To have houghed the horses would have been both unreasonable and inhuman; for, as he had gained so complete a victory, there was no danger of their falling into the hands of the enemy; and if he did not choose to keep them, which indeed the law would not permit, he ought to have killed them outright. 18853-900904-2156-1Ch18.5 18854-900904-2212-1Ch18.6 18855-900904-2213-1Ch18.7 18856-900904-2214-1Ch18.8 18857-900904-2214-1Ch18.9 18858-900904-2217-1Ch18.10 Idoram; for the LXX. have there (). 18859-900904-2219-1Ch18.11 18860-900904-2223-1Ch18.12 18861-900904-2224-1Ch18.13 18862-900904-2225-1Ch18.14 18863-900904-2226-1Ch18.15 18864-900904-2228-1Ch18.16 18865-900904-2229-1Ch18.17 18866-900905-1947-1Ch19.1 are villainously treated 6-15 The Ammonites, strengthened by the Syrians, are overcome by Joab and Abishai 16-19 Shopach, making a new supply of the Syrians, is slain by David 18867-900905-1948-1Ch19.2 18868-900905-1949-1Ch19.3 18869-900905-1952-1Ch19.4 18870-900905-1953-1Ch19.5 18871-900905-1955-1Ch19.6 18872-900905-2003-1Ch19.7 Thirty-two thousand soldiers, exclusive of the thousand send by the Maachah, are mentioned in the parallel passage (2Sa 10.6) but of chariots or cavalry there is no mention; and the number of chariots stated here is prodigious, and beyond all credibility. But as the word {raichev} denotes not only a chariot, but a rider, (see Is 21.7) it ought most probably to be rendered here, in a collective sense, cavalry; and then the number of troops will exactly agree with the passage in Samuel. It is probable that they were a kind of auxiliary troops who were usually mounted on horses, or in chariots, but who occasionally served as foot-soldiers. This variation exists only in the translation, the original being the same in both places, {melech maachah} king Maachah. 18873-900905-2003-1Ch19.8 18874-900905-2004-1Ch19.9 18875-900905-2005-1Ch19.10 18876-900905-2007-1Ch19.11 elision of (), {yood} which is by no means uncommon. 18877-900905-2008-1Ch19.12 18878-900905-2010-1Ch19.13 In Samuel, `let us play the men;' but the original is the same in both places, {nithchazzak}. 18879-900905-2011-1Ch19.14 18880-900905-2011-1Ch19.15 18881-900905-2014-1Ch19.16 that is, Euphrates. This variation arises from the permutation of () {baith} and () pay; being written in the parallel passage () Shobach, and here () Shophach. 18882-900905-2015-1Ch19.17 Instead of {alaihem, `upon them,' it is in 2Sa 10.17 {chelamah}, `to Helam:' the one seems evidently to be a mistake for the other. 18883-900905-2019-1Ch19.18 mistaking () {noon final}, which stands for 700, for () zayin, with a dot above, which denotes 7000, or vice versa: the great similarity of these letters might easily cause the one to be mistaken for the other. If these troops were as we have suppose, a kind of {dismounted cavalry}, the terms {footmen and horsemen} might be indifferently applied to them. 18884-900905-2020-1Ch19.19 18885-900905-2024-1Ch20.1 thereof tortured 4-8 Three giants are slain in three several overthrows of the Philistines. 18886-900905-2025-1Ch20.2 18887-900905-2028-1Ch20.3 instead of {wyyasar,} `and he cut,' the parallel passage is {wyasem,} `and he put them;' which is also the reading here of seven MSS collated by Dr. Kennicott. Sawing asunder, etc. of human beings, have no more place in the text, that they had in David's conduct towards the Ammonites. 18888-900905-2030-1Ch20.4 18889-900905-2031-1Ch20.5 18890-900905-2032-1Ch20.6 18891-900905-2033-1Ch20.7 18892-900905-2034-1Ch20.8 18893-900905-2041-1Ch21.1 5-8 The number of the people being brought, David repents of it 9-13 David having three plagues propounded by God, chooses the pestilence 14-17 After the death of seventy thousand, David by repentance prevents the destruction of Jerusalem 18-27 David, by Gad's direction, purchases Ornan's threshing floor; where having built an altar, God gives a sign of his favour by fire, and stays the plague. 28-30 David sacrifices there, being restrained from Gibeon by fear of the angel 18894-900905-2042-1Ch21.2 18895-900905-2043-1Ch21.3 18896-900905-2044-1Ch21.4 18897-900905-2045-1Ch21.5 The Syriac has 800,000 as in the parallel passage of Samuel 18898-900905-2046-1Ch21.6 18899-900905-2048-1Ch21.7 And it was evil in the eyes of God concerning this thing 18900-900905-2049-1Ch21.8 18901-900905-2050-1Ch21.9 18902-900905-2051-1Ch21.10 18903-900905-2052-1Ch21.11 18904-900905-2056-1Ch21.12 In 2Sa 24.13, it is {seven years}; but the Septuagint has there () {three years}, as here; which is, no doubt, the true reading; the letter () {zayin} being mistaken for () {gimmel}, Three. 18905-900905-2101-1Ch21.13 David here acted nobly: had he chosen war, his personal safety was in no danger, as there was an ordinance preventing him from going to battle; and in famine, his wealth would have secured his and his family's support; but all were equally exposed to the pestilence. 18906-900905-2101-1Ch21.14 18907-900905-2103-1Ch21.15 18908-900905-2104-1Ch21.16 18909-900905-2106-1Ch21.17 18910-900905-2107-1Ch21.18 18911-900905-2108-1Ch21.19 18912-900905-2109-1Ch21.20 When Ornan turned back and saw the angel, then he, and his four sons with him, hid themselves 18913-900905-2109-1Ch21.21 18914-900905-2110-1Ch21.22 18915-900905-2111-1Ch21.23 18916-900905-2114-1Ch21.24 It is a maxim form heaven `Honour the Lord with thy substance.' He who has a religion that costs him nothing, had a religion that is worth nothing; nor will any man esteem the ordinances of God, if those ordinances cost him nothing. Had Araunah;s noble offer been accepted, it would have been Araunah's sacrifice, not David's; nor would it have answered the end of turning away the displeasure of the Most High. It was David that sinned, not Araunah; therefore David must offer sacrifice. 18917-900905-2114-1Ch21.25 18918-900905-2116-1Ch21.26 18919-900905-2117-1Ch21.27 18921-900905-2119-1Ch21.29 18922-900905-2120-1Ch21.30 18923-900905-2125-1Ch22.1 abundance for the building of it. 6-16 He instructs Solomon in God's promises, and his duty in building the temple. 17-19 He charges the princes to assist his son David perhaps had some assurance that this was the place on which God designed that His house should be built; and perhaps it was this that induced him to buy not only the threshing floor, put probably some adjacent ground also, as Calmet supposes, that there might be sufficient room for such a structure. 18924-900905-2126-1Ch22.2 18925-900905-2127-1Ch22.3 18926-900905-2128-1Ch22.4 18927-900905-2130-1Ch22.5 18928-900905-2130-1Ch22.6 18929-900905-2132-1Ch22.7 18930-900905-2133-1Ch22.8 18931-900905-2135-1Ch22.9 that is, Peaceable 18932-900905-2136-1Ch22.10 18933-900905-2137-1Ch22.11 18934-900905-2138-1Ch22.12 18935-900905-2140-1Ch22.13 18936-900905-2144-1Ch22.14 This, at 5075l, 15s 7.5d, the talent, would amount to the sum of 507,578,125l This, at 353l 11s 10d. the talent, would amount to 353,591,666l 13s 4d.; and both sums would amount to the sum of 868,169,791l 13s 4d. 18937-900905-2145-1Ch22.15 that is, masons and carpenters. 18938-900905-2146-1Ch22.16 18939-900905-2147-1Ch22.17 18940-900905-2148-1Ch22.18 18941-900905-2150-1Ch22.19 18942-900905-2220-1Ch23.1 2-6 The number and distribution of the Levites 7-11 The families of the Gershonites 12-20 The sons of Kohath 21-23 The sons of Merari 24-32 The office of the Levites 18943-900905-2223-1Ch23.2 18944-900905-2223-1Ch23.3 18945-900905-2226-1Ch23.4 18946-900905-2228-1Ch23.5 18947-900905-2230-1Ch23.6 Gershon () is called () Gershom, in the parallel passage, simply by the mutation of () {noon} into () {mem} 18948-900905-2232-1Ch23.7 Laadan and Libni, seem to have been two distinct names of this person; but the variation of Shimi and Shimei exists only in the translation, the original being uniformly (). 18949-900905-2233-1Ch23.8 18951-900905-2234-1Ch23.10 Zina seems to be a mistake for Zizah; for both the LXX and Vulgate read uniformly () Ziza 18952-900905-2235-1Ch23.11 18953-900905-2235-1Ch23.12 18954-900905-2239-1Ch23.13 18955-900905-2240-1Ch23.14 18956-900905-2240-1Ch23.15 18957-900905-2240-1Ch23.16 18958-900905-2241-1Ch23.17 18959-900905-2242-1Ch23.18 18960-900905-2242-1Ch23.19 18962-900905-2243-1Ch23.21 18963-900905-2243-1Ch23.22 18964-900905-2244-1Ch23.23 18965-900905-2249-1Ch23.24 At first David appointed the Levites to serve from thirty years old and upwards; but considering, probably, that the temple which was about to be built, with its courts, chambers, etc., would require a more numerous ministry, he fixed this period, by this subsequent regulation, at twenty years and upwards. In the time of Moses, the age was from thirty years to fifty: here this latter period is not mentioned, probably because the service was not so laborious now; for the ark being fixed, they had no longer any burdens to carry; and therefore even an old man might continue to serve. See the Note on Nu 8.24. 18966-900905-2251-1Ch23.25 Jerusalem. 18967-900905-2251-1Ch23.26 18968-900905-2252-1Ch23.27 18969-900905-2254-1Ch23.28 18970-900906-2014-1Ch23.29 It was the priests' office to place this bread before the Lord; and it was their privilege to feed on the old loaves when they were replaced by the new. The standards of all weights and measures were in the sanctuary; and therefore the levites had the inspection of weights and measures of every kind, that no fraud might in this way be committed. Honesty is inseparably connected with piety; and hence the levites, being sufficiently numerous, were employed to superintend the former, as well as the latter. 18971-900906-2016-1Ch23.30 18972-900906-2017-1Ch23.31 18973-900906-2018-1Ch23.32 18974-900906-2020-1Ch24.1 orders. 20-25 The Kohathites 26-31 and the Merarties, divided by lot 18975-900906-2021-1Ch24.2 18976-900906-2022-1Ch24.3 This was Abiathar, who appears to have had the name of Ahimelech, as well as his father. 18977-900906-2024-1Ch24.4 18978-900906-2025-1Ch24.5 18979-900906-2026-1Ch24.6 18980-900906-2026-1Ch24.7 18981-900906-2027-1Ch24.8 18982-900906-2027-1Ch24.9 18983-900906-2029-1Ch24.10 As the Evangelist Luke mentions the course of Abia, it is evident that these courses of the priests, established by David, no doubt under Divine direction, were continued, with some alterations, till the days of Christ: these records must therefore have been very useful after the Babylonian captivity. 18984-900906-2030-1Ch24.11 18985-900906-2030-1Ch24.12 18987-900906-2030-1Ch24.14 18992-900906-2031-1Ch24.19 18993-900906-2032-1Ch24.20 18994-900906-2033-1Ch24.21 Probably Isshiah is a contracted form, or a corruption, of Jeshaiah 18995-900906-2035-1Ch24.22 The original is uniformly Izharites. The variation of () Shelomith, and () Shelomoth, arises from the mutation of () {wav} and () {yood}. 18996-900906-2037-1Ch24.23 original being uniformly () or () 18997-900906-2037-1Ch24.24 18998-900906-2038-1Ch24.25 19000-900906-2039-1Ch24.27 19001-900906-2039-1Ch24.28 19002-900906-2040-1Ch24.29 19003-900906-2040-1Ch24.30 19004-900906-2042-1Ch24.31 The whole company being ranged according to their families, with the proper number of divisions, the order of their courses was assigned them by lot, without respect to rank or seniority. 19005-900906-2050-1Ch25.1 8-31 Their division by lot into four and twenty orders That is, the chief of the several orders; not military captains The word prophesy, here, seems to mean no more than praising God by singing inspired prophetical hymns. 19006-900906-2052-1Ch25.2 19007-900906-2054-1Ch25.3 `With Shimei, mentioned ver. 17.' supplied here by the Arabic version. 19008-900906-2058-1Ch25.4 19009-900906-2100-1Ch25.5 This may denote that he presided over those who used wind instruments. 19010-900906-2101-1Ch25.6 19011-900906-2103-1Ch25.7 These two hundred and eighty-eight, being twenty courses of twelve each, were more skillful than the other Levites; and being placed under the twenty-four sons of the chief singers, they had the four thousand before mentioned divided among them, to officiate by courses, according to their instructions. 19012-900906-2107-1Ch25.8 Even among the twenty-four leaders, some were more expert than others; some were teachers, and others were scholars; but every one was taken by the solemn casting of lots, without any regard to these distinctions. Thus all things were disposed for the preserving of order, and avoiding all disputes about precedence: there being no respect had, in this divine distribution, to birth, but the younger in course preceded the elder. 19013-900906-2108-1Ch25.9 Dr. Geddes, chiefly on the authority of the Arabic, add, `who with his sons and brethren were twelve.' 19014-900906-2108-1Ch25.10 19015-900906-2110-1Ch25.11 Izri, seems to be called Zeri by the aphaeresis of (), {yood}. 19016-900906-2110-1Ch25.12 19018-900906-2112-1Ch25.14 This variation rises from the mutation of {aleph} and {yood}; the word being written in the parallel passage {Asarelah}, and here, () Jesarelah 19022-900906-2114-1Ch25.18 Probably this person was called by both names; or Uzziel may be a mistake for Azareel. In the Syriac and Arabic, the name is nearly the same in both places. 19023-900906-2114-1Ch25.19 19024-900906-2115-1Ch25.20 19034-900906-2115-1Ch25.30 19035-900906-2125-1Ch25.31 19036-900906-2125-1Ch26.1 13-19 The gates assigned by lot 20-28 The Levites that had charge of the treasures 29-32 Officers and judges There were four classes of these, each of which belonged to the four gates of the temple, which opened to the four cardinal points of heaven. The eastern gate fell to Shelemiah; the northern to Zechariah (ver 14.) the southern to Obed-edom (ver 15) and the western to Shuppim and Hosah (ver 16). These several persons were captains of these porter-bands, or door-keepers, at the different gates. There were probably a thousand men under each of these captains; as we find, from 1ch 23.5, that their whole number was four thousand. by the aphaeresis of () {mem}. This variation arises from the mutation of {yood} into {aleph}; being written in the parallel passages () {Ebiaspah}, and here Asaph. 19039-900906-2125-1Ch26.4 19040-900906-2126-1Ch26.5 19041-900906-2132-1Ch26.6 They were not only porters, or door keepers, in the ordinary sense of the word, but they were a military guard to the gate, as Dr. Delaney suggests that the word {shoarim} should be rendered: and perhaps in this sense alone are we to understand their office, which appears to have been of considerable dignity, and conferred only on men of the first rank. They were appointed to attend the temple, to guard all the avenues to it, to open and shut all the outer gates, and attend at them, not only for state but for service. They were also required to direct and instruct those who were going to worship in the courts of the sanctuary in the conduct they were to observe, to encourage those who were timid, to send back the strangers and unclean, and to guard against thieves and others who were enemies to the house of God. 19043-900906-2133-1Ch26.8 19044-900906-2133-1Ch26.9 19045-900906-2133-1Ch26.10 19047-900906-2135-1Ch26.12 That is, classes against each other. Ward formerly signified a class or division: we still apply the term to the different apartments in hospitals, and to the more extensive districts into which the city of London is divided. 19048-900906-2136-1Ch26.13 for the great. 19049-900906-2137-1Ch26.14 Zechariah 19050-900906-2139-1Ch26.15 the offerings made for the priests and Levites, were laid up. Obed-edom is said to have had the charge of the treasures, etc. 19051-900906-2142-1Ch26.16 That is, ejection; probably the gate through which all the filth which from time to time might accumulate in the temple and its courts, was cast out. That is, their stations were opposite to each other; as the north to the south, and the east to the west. 19052-900906-2142-1Ch26.17 19053-900906-2144-1Ch26.18 Parbar is most probably the same as parwar, which denotes suburbs. consequently this may be considered as leading to the suburbs. 19054-900906-2146-1Ch26.19 Kore, or rather, Kohri, is essentially the same with () Korah, merely having a paragogic {yood}. 19055-900906-2148-1Ch26.20 19056-900906-2148-1Ch26.21 19057-900906-2150-1Ch26.22 Jehieli, () is the same as Jehiel, () with the addition of {yood} 19058-900906-2150-1Ch26.23 19059-900906-2152-1Ch26.24 The difference between () Shubael, and () Shebuel, simply arises from the elision of {wav} and a change of vowels. 19060-900906-2152-1Ch26.25 19061-900906-2153-1Ch26.26 19062-900906-2154-1Ch26.27 19063-900906-2154-1Ch26.28 19064-900906-2155-1Ch26.29 19065-900906-2156-1Ch26.30 19066-900906-2157-1Ch26.31 19067-900906-2201-1Ch26.32 a half on the other side of Jordan, than with all the rest of the tribes; there were two thousand seven hundred, whereas on the west side of Jorda there were only one thousand seven hundred. Either those remote tribes were not so well furnished with judges of their own, or because they lay farthest from Jerusalem, on the borders of the neighboring nations, and were thus in danger of being infected with idolatry, they most needed the help of Levites to prevent their running into the abominations of the idolaters. 19068-900906-2210-1Ch27.1 16-22 The princes of the twelve tribes 23,24 The numbering of the people is hindered 25-34 David's several officers The patriarchs, chief generals, or generals of brigade. This enumeration is widely different from that of the preceding. In that, we have the order and course of the priests and Levites, in their ecclesiastical ministrations: in this, we have the account of the order of the civil service, what related simply to the political state of the king and kingdom. Twenty-four persons, chosen out of David's worthies, each of whom had a second, were placed over 24,000 men, who all served a month at a time, in turn; and this was the whole of their service during the year, after which they attended to their own affairs. Thus the king had always on foot a regular force of 24,000, who served without expense to him or the state, and were not oppressed by the service, which took up only a twelfth part of their time; and by this plan he could, at any time, bring into the field 12 times 24,000 or 288,000 fighting men, independently of the 12,000 officers, which made in the whole an effective force of 300,000 soldiers; and all these men were prepared, disciplined, and ready at a call, without the smallest expense to the state or the king. These were, properly speaking, the militia of the Israelites kingdom. 19069-900906-2211-1Ch27.2 19070-900906-2237-1Ch27.3 The chief 19071-900906-2237-1Ch27.4 19072-900906-2239-1Ch27.5 Or, `Benaiah, the son of Jehoiada the chief priest:' it was Jehoiada, and not Benaiah, who was priest. 19073-900906-2240-1Ch27.6 19074-900906-2240-1Ch27.7 19075-900906-2242-1Ch27.8 If this person was the same as Shammoth the Hararite, or Shammah the Harodite, it is probable that he took the denomination Izrahite, from one of his progenitors of the name Izrah, and derived the other from the place of his residence. 19076-900906-2243-1Ch27.9 19077-900906-2243-1Ch27.10 19078-900906-2244-1Ch27.11 19079-900906-2245-1Ch27.12 19080-900906-2245-1Ch27.13 19081-900906-2246-1Ch27.14 19082-900906-2246-1Ch27.15 19083-900906-2249-1Ch27.16 These persons, called `princes of the tribes,' in ver 22, and 28.1, appear to have been civil rulers over their several tribes, and honorary men, without pay, not unlike the lords lieutenants of our counties. In this enumeration there is no mention of the tribes of Gad and Asher, probably because they were joined to the neighboring tribes; or perhaps, the account of these has been lost from the register. 19084-900906-2249-1Ch27.17 19085-900906-2251-1Ch27.18 If Elihu be not a mistake for Eliab, it is probable that he was called by both names. 19088-900906-2251-1Ch27.21 19090-900906-2254-1Ch27.23 It seems probable, from this passage, that Joab began, by David's order, to number the children, as well as adults, but was prevented from finishing the account, probably because the plague had begun. The numbering of the effective men might have been deemed a political expedient; but pride and ostentation alone could dictate the numbering of minors and infants, especially as God had pronounced the seed of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, innumerable. 19091-900906-2255-1Ch27.24 19092-900906-2256-1Ch27.25 19094-900906-2257-1Ch27.27 vineyards 19095-900906-2306-1Ch27.28 jummeez, is the (), or sycomore, of the Greeks, so called from () a fig-tree, and () a mulberry tree, because it resembles the latter in its leaves, and the former in its fruits. `The sycamore,' say Mr. Norded, `is of the height of a beech, and bears its fruit in a manner quite different from other trees: it has them on the trunk itself, which shoots out little sprigs, in form of grape stalks, at the end of which grow the fruit close to one another, almost like a cluster of grapes. The tree is always green, and bears fruit several times in the year, without observing any certain seasons; for I have seen some sycamores that have given fruit two months after others. The fruit has the figure and smell of real figs, but is inferior to them in the taste, having a disgustful sweetness. Its colour is a yellow, inclining to an ochre, shadowed by a flesh colour. In the inside it resembles the common figs, excepting that it has a blackish colouring with yellow spots. This sort of tree is pretty common in Egypt; the people, for the greater part, live on its fruit, and think themselves well regaled when they have a piece of bread, a couple of sycamore figs, and a pitcher of water.' 19096-900906-2306-1Ch27.29 19097-900906-2307-1Ch27.30 19099-900906-2308-1Ch27.32 19100-900906-2309-1Ch27.33 19101-900906-2309-1Ch27.34 19102-900907-0855-1Ch28.1 him, and promise to his son Solomon, exhorts them to fear God 9,10 He encourages Solomon to build the temple 11-21 He gives him patterns, gold and silver, etc or eunuchs 19103-900907-0853-1Ch28.2 19104-900907-0854-1Ch28.3 19105-900906-2321-1Ch28.4 19106-900906-2322-1Ch28.5 19107-900906-2323-1Ch28.6 19108-900907-2009-1Ch28.7 19109-900907-2011-1Ch28.8 19110-900907-2017-1Ch28.9 19111-900907-2018-1Ch28.10 19112-900907-2026-1Ch28.11 He gave him an ichnograph of the building, with elevations, sections and specifications of every part; and all this he himself received by inspiration from God himself (ver 12,19) just as Moses had received the plan of the tabernacle. be not Hebrew, but Persian; in which language we have () ganj, a granary, a hidden treasure, treasury, or barn. It may, however, be a Chaldee from of the Hebrew () genez (from () genaz, to treasure up;) the () being merely formative, as () dech, () illaich, and other Chaldee words. 19113-900907-2029-1Ch28.12 ist. 19114-900907-2030-1Ch28.13 19115-900907-2030-1Ch28.14 The quality of gold which was to be put in {each article} 19116-900907-2031-1Ch28.15 19117-900907-2032-1Ch28.16 19118-900907-2032-1Ch28.17 19119-900907-2033-1Ch28.18 19120-900907-2034-1Ch28.19 19121-900907-2035-1Ch28.20 19122-900907-2037-1Ch28.21 19123-900907-2040-1Ch29.1 6-9 causes the princes and people to offer willingly 10-19 David's thanksgiving and prayer 20-25 The people, having blessed God, and sacrificed, make Solomon king. 26-30 David's reign and death 19124-900907-2046-1Ch29.2 stone or gem called onyx, but a marble called in Greek onychites, which Pliny mentions as a stone Caramania; for one would hardly think that gems of any kind were used externally in such a building as the temple. Antiquity gave both stones this name, because of their resemblance to the nail of the finger. marble, so called from its colour resembling stibium: so Vulgate quasi stibinos. marble stones. Avney shayish is rendered in the Targum avney marmoraiyah, `stones of marble,' which was remarkable for its bright white colour. Josephus says that the temple was built of large blocks of white marble, beautifully polished, so as to produce a most splendid appearance. 19125-900907-2047-1Ch29.3 present we only use the plural {goods} to designate property or personal effects. 19126-900907-2048-1Ch29.4 19127-900907-2049-1Ch29.5 19128-900907-2049-1Ch29.6 19130-900907-2050-1Ch29.8 19131-900907-2051-1Ch29.9 19132-900907-2053-1Ch29.10 19133-900907-2056-1Ch29.11 19134-900907-2059-1Ch29.12 19135-900907-2100-1Ch29.13 19136-900907-2102-1Ch29.14 19137-900907-2103-1Ch29.15 19138-900907-2104-1Ch29.16 19139-900907-2106-1Ch29.17 19140-900907-2109-1Ch29.18 19141-900907-2110-1Ch29.19 19142-900907-2111-1Ch29.20 19143-900907-2112-1Ch29.21 19144-900907-2114-1Ch29.22 19145-900907-2115-1Ch29.23 19146-900907-2117-1Ch29.24 19147-900907-2118-1Ch29.25 19148-900907-2118-1Ch29.26 19149-900907-2119-1Ch29.27 19150-900826-1953-1Ch29.28 David at his death had every thing that his heart could wish: `he died in a good old age, full of days, riches, and honour;' having gained more renown than any crowned head ever did. `David,' says Dr. Delaney, `was a true believer, a zealous adorer of God, teacher of His law and worship, and inspirer of His praise; a glorious example, a perpetual and inexhaustible fountain of true piety; a consummate and unrivaled hero; a skillful and successful captain; a steady patriot; a wise ruler; a faithful, generous, and magnanimous fried; and what is yet rarer, a no less generous and magnanimous enemy; a true penitent, a divine musician, a sublime poet, and an inspired prophet. By birth a peasant, by merit a prince! In youth a hero, in manhood a monarch, and in age a saint.' 19151-900826-1955-1Ch29.29 19152-900826-1955-1Ch29.30 19153-900826-1926-2Ch1.1 7-12 Solomon's choice of wisdom is blessed by God 13-17 Solomon's forces and wealth 19154-900826-1928-2Ch1.2 This seems to have taken place a short time after David's decease, and, according to some, in the {second} year of Solomon's reign; when being established in his kingdom, he convened his chief men, and spake to them concerning the solemn sacrifice which he purposed to offer to God. 19155-900826-1929-2Ch1.3 19156-900826-1931-2Ch1.4 The tabernacle and the brazen altar still remained at Gibeon; but David had brought away the ark out of the tabernacle, and placed it in a tent in Jerusalem. 19157-900826-1932-2Ch1.5 19158-900826-1933-2Ch1.6 19159-900826-1934-2Ch1.7 This was the night following the sacrifice which Solomon had offered 19160-900826-1935-2Ch1.8 19161-900826-1937-2Ch1.9 19162-900826-1938-2Ch1.10 19163-900826-1941-2Ch1.11 This does not occur in Kings: and it implies that the request of Solomon, as arising from a spiritual judgment and heart, was peculiarly acceptable to that God who searches, regards, and demands the heart. God promised Solomon all the things which he had not asked, except the life of his enemies; for he was to be a peaceable king, a type of the Prince of peace. 19164-900826-1942-2Ch1.12 19165-900826-1942-2Ch1.13 19166-900826-1943-2Ch1.14 Cities where the chariots, and horses belonging to them, were kept 19167-900826-2001-2Ch1.15 He destroyed its value by making it so exceedingly plentiful 19168-900826-2010-2Ch1.16 The word () mikweh, is regarded by the ancient translators as a proper name: the LXX have () `from Tekoa,' the Vulgate, de Coa, `from Koa,' which is adopted by Dr. Geddes; the Syriac, `from the city Aphelia;' and the Arabic, `ex urbe Australium.' Bochart thinks it signifies a tribute; others suppose that it signifies a string or drove of horses, or as Jarchi says, what the Germans call () a stud; but Houbigant supposes it to be a corruption for mercavah, `chariots.' Our English translation, however, which regards it as synonymous with {tikwah}, seems by far the best. According to Norden, linen yarn is still one of the principal articles of commerce in Egypt, and is exported in very large quantities, together with unmanufactured flax and spun cotton; and Sanutus, 400 years ago, remarked that though Christian countries abounded in flax, yet the goodness of the Egyptian was such, that it was dispersed even to the west. 19169-900826-2010-2Ch1.17 19170-900826-2014-2Ch2.1 17,18 3-10 His embassage to Huram for workmen and provision of stuff 11-16 Huram sends him a kind answer 19171-900826-2015-2Ch2.2 19172-900826-2015-2Ch2.3 As thou didst 19173-900826-2018-2Ch2.4 19174-900826-2019-2Ch2.5 19175-900826-2020-2Ch2.6 19176-900826-2021-2Ch2.7 19177-900826-2029-2Ch2.8 Called in the parallel passage, by a transposition of letters, almuggim, or `almug-trees;' which is rendered by the Vulgate, ligna thynia, the thya or lignum vitae wood. Theophrastus say that `the thyon of thya tree grows near the temple of Jupiter Ammon (in Africa), and in the Cyrenaica; that it resembles the cypress in its boughs, leaves, stalk, and fruit; and that its wood (from its close texture) never rots.' The LXX render here (); and Josephus calls it (), torch or pine-trees; but cautions us against supposing that the wood was like what was known in his time by that name; for these `were to the sight like the wood of the fig-tree, but more white and shining.' The Syriac version has {kaison dekee-sotho}, probably cypress wood; and Dr. Shaw supposes it denotes the cypress. Several critics understand it to mean gummy wood; and Celsius queries whether it may not be the sandal-tree, as the Rabbins and Dr. Geddes suppose. 19178-900826-2030-2Ch2.9 19179-900826-2030-2Ch2.10 19180-900826-2031-2Ch2.11 19181-900826-2034-2Ch2.12 19182-900826-2035-2Ch2.13 19183-900826-2035-2Ch2.14 19184-900826-2036-2Ch2.15 19185-900826-2037-2Ch2.16 19186-900826-2038-2Ch2.17 19187-900826-2039-2Ch2.18 19188-900826-2235-2Ch3.1 3-10 The measure and ornaments of the house 11-13 The cherubims 14-17 The vail and pillars 19189-900826-2043-2Ch3.2 19190-900826-2047-2Ch3.3 It is supposed, with much probability, that the first measure means the cubit used in the time of Moses, contradistinguished from that used in Babylon, and which the Israelites used after their return from captivity, it was necessary for the writer to make this remark, lest it should be thought that the measurement was by the Babylonish cubit, which was a palm or one-sixth shorter than the cubit of Moses; which may serve to reconcile some variations in the historical books, with respect to numbers when applied to measures. 19191-900826-2050-2Ch3.4 As the height of the temple was only thirty cubits, 120 seems too great a height for the porch; but the Syriac, Arabic, and the LXX in the codex Alexandrinus, have only twenty, probably reading, instead of maiah weesrim, `one hundred and twenty,' ammoth esrim, `twenty cubits;' which brings it within the proportion of the other measures. 19192-900826-2050-2Ch3.5 19193-900826-2053-2Ch3.6 Parvaim is supposed by Calmet to be the same as Sepharvaim in Armenia or Media; Bochart is of opinion that it is Taprobanes, now the island of Ceylon, which he drives from taph, a border, and Parvan, i.e, `the coast of Parvan;' but the late Editor Calmet thinks it the same as the Parvatoi mountains of Ptolemy, at the head of the Indus. 19194-900826-2054-2Ch3.7 19195-900826-2055-2Ch3.8 19197-900826-2056-2Ch3.10 19200-900826-2057-2Ch3.13 19201-900826-2057-2Ch3.14 19202-900826-2059-2Ch3.15 The Syriac and Arabic have, agreeably to the parallel passage, `eighteen cubits high;' but the Septuagint, Chaldee, and Vulgate have `thirty and five cubits high.' See the note on 1ki 7.15 19203-900826-2100-2Ch3.16 19204-900826-2102-2Ch3.17 19205-900826-2238-2Ch4.1 2-5 The molten sea upon twelve oxen 6-8 The ten lavers, candlesticks, and tables 9-18 The courts, and the instruments of brass 19-22 The instruments of gold 19206-900826-2239-2Ch4.2 19207-900826-2245-2Ch4.3 In the parallel passage of Kings, instead of bekarim, `oxen,' we have pekaim, `knops,' in the form of colocynths. (See on 1ki 6. 18, and 2ki 4.39;) which last is supposed by able critics to be the reading which ought to received here; bekarim, `oxen,' being a mistake for pekaim, `knops.' houbigant, however, contends that the words in both places are right; but that bakar does not signify an ox here, but a large kind of grape, according to its meaning in Arabic. But Dr. A. Clarke states that bakar, or bakarat, has no such meaning in Arabic, though the phrase {aino 'lbikri, or `ox-eye'} signifies a species of black grape, very large, and of incredible sweetness; that consequently the criticism of this great man is not solid; and that the likeliest method of reconciling the two places is to suppose a change in the letters as above. 19208-900826-2246-2Ch4.4 19209-900826-2249-2Ch4.5 In the parallel passage, it is said to hold only two thousand baths, but that, if filled up to the top, it would hold 3000. But, as we have already seen that the Babylonish cubit was less than that of the ancient Hebrews, it might be the same with measures of capacity, so that 2000 of the ancient jewish baths might have been equal to 3000 of those used after the captivity. The Targum cuts the knot: ` It received 3000 baths of dry measure, and held 2000 of liquid measure.' 19210-900826-2251-2Ch4.6 work of burnt offering. 19211-900826-2252-2Ch4.7 19212-900826-2253-2Ch4.8 19213-900826-2253-2Ch4.9 19214-900826-2254-2Ch4.10 19215-900826-2254-2Ch4.11 19216-900826-2255-2Ch4.12 19217-900826-2256-2Ch4.13 19218-900826-2257-2Ch4.14 19219-900827-2050-2Ch4.15 19220-900827-2052-2Ch4.16 19221-900827-2053-2Ch4.17 19222-900827-2053-2Ch4.18 19223-900827-2055-2Ch4.19 19224-900827-2056-2Ch4.20 19225-900827-2058-2Ch4.21 Probably each branch of the chandelier was made like a plant in flower; and the opening of the flower was either the lamp, or served to support it. best gold. 19226-900827-2101-2Ch4.22 Capellus and others suppose we should read, agreeably to 1ki 7. 50 `The hinges also of the doors of the inner house,' etc: the word {pothoth, `hinges'} being mistaken for {paithach, `an entry' or `door-way.' 19227-900827-2103-2Ch5.1 2-10 The solemn induction of the ark into the oracle 11-14 God being praised, gives a visible sign of his favour 19228-900827-2105-2Ch5.2 19229-900827-2107-2Ch5.3 That is, as the Targumist observes, in the feast of tabernacles, which was held in the seventh month of the ecclesiastical year, which was called Ethanim. 19230-900827-2108-2Ch5.4 Probably the Levites, of the family of Kohath, carried the ark into the courts of the temple; and then the priests conveyed it into its proper place. 19231-900827-2108-2Ch5.5 19232-900827-2109-2Ch5.6 19233-900827-2109-2Ch5.7 19234-900827-2110-2Ch5.8 19235-900827-2112-2Ch5.9 As the ark was no longer to be carried about, the staves were unnecessary That is, the day when these events were recorded; not the day when these extracts were made, after the captivity, and consequently, long after the destruction of the temple. 19236-900827-2116-2Ch5.10 In the parallel passage in the Epistle to the Hebrews, it is expressly stated that in the ark were `the golden pot that had manna, and Aaron's rod that budded, and the tables of the covenant;' but it is evident that the apostle speaks there of the tabernacle erected by Moses, and of the state and contents of that tabernacle in the time of Moses; and in the temple there were several things {added}, and several {left out}. 19237-900827-2118-2Ch5.11 19238-900827-2122-2Ch5.12 19239-900827-2125-2Ch5.13 19240-900827-2125-2Ch5.14 19241-900827-2127-2Ch6.1 12-42 Solomon's prayer in the consecration of the temple, upon the brasen scaffold, etc. 19242-900827-2128-2Ch6.2 19243-900827-2130-2Ch6.3 19244-900827-2131-2Ch6.4 19245-900827-2134-2Ch6.5 The judges and Saul were chosen by God, for a season, to be rulers of Israel; but not establish a permanent and hereditary authority over that people, as was the case with David. This clause is wanting in the parallel passage of Kings; but it helps to clear the sense. 19246-900827-2136-2Ch6.6 This clause is also not in Kings. Jerusalem was expressly marked out, by the building of the temple, to be the center of worship of Israel; as Jehovah had before spoken by Moses: see the parallel passages. 19247-900827-2136-2Ch6.7 19248-900827-2137-2Ch6.8 19249-900827-2137-2Ch6.9 19250-900827-2138-2Ch6.10 19251-900827-2140-2Ch6.11 As `there was nothing in the ark but the two tables of stone,' consequently they are called the covenant, i. e. a sign of the covenant. 19252-900827-2141-2Ch6.12 19253-900827-2143-2Ch6.13 19254-900827-2158-2Ch6.14 19255-900827-2159-2Ch6.15 19256-900827-2201-2Ch6.16 cut off 19257-900827-2202-2Ch6.17 19258-900827-2207-2Ch6.18 `the heaven and the heavens of heavens;' which words seem to imply that there are systems and systems of systems and systems of systems, each possessing its sun, it primary and secondary planets; all extending beyond each other in unlimited space, in the same regular and graduated order which we find to prevail in our solar system; which, probably, in its thousands of millions of miles in diameter, is, to some others, no more than the area of the lunar orbit to that of Georgium Sidus. 19259-900827-2208-2Ch6.19 19260-900827-2209-2Ch6.20 19261-900827-2210-2Ch6.21 19262-900827-2211-2Ch6.22 19263-900827-2212-2Ch6.23 19264-900827-2215-2Ch6.24 19265-900827-2216-2Ch6.25 19266-900827-2218-2Ch6.26 19267-900827-2220-2Ch6.27 19268-900827-2224-2Ch6.28 `Persia', says Chardin, `is subject to have its harvest spoiled by hail, by drought, or by insects; either locusts, or small insects, which they call {sim}, which are small white lice;' probably the caterpillars of the text. 19269-900827-2225-2Ch6.29 19270-900827-2226-2Ch6.30 19271-900827-2234-2Ch6.31 of the land. 19272-900827-2237-2Ch6.32 19273-900827-2238-2Ch6.33 19274-900827-2240-2Ch6.34 19275-900827-2241-2Ch6.35 19276-900827-2243-2Ch6.36 carry them away. 19277-900827-2245-2Ch6.37 19278-900827-2246-2Ch6.38 19279-900827-2247-2Ch6.39 19280-900827-2248-2Ch6.40 19281-900827-2250-2Ch6.41 19282-900827-2252-2Ch6.42 not,' agreeably to the interpretation of this phrase in the Syriac and Arabic versions. Or, as Dr. Geddes renders, `the pious deeds of thy servant David.' The Syriac has, `the good actions of they servant.' 19283-900830-2145-2Ch7.1 heaven, and glory in the temple, the people worship him 4-7 Solomon's solemn sacrifice 8-11 Solomon having kept the feast of tabernacles, and the feast of dedication of the altar, dismisses the people 12-22 God appearing to Solomon, gives him promises upon condition 19284-900830-2145-2Ch7.2 19285-900830-2147-2Ch7.3 19286-900830-2148-2Ch7.4 They presented the victims to the priests, and they and the Levites slew them, and sprinkled the blood; or, perhaps, the people themselves slew them, and having caught the blood, collected the fat, etc. presented them to the priests to be offered as the law required. 19287-900830-2152-2Ch7.5 The number of sheep and oxen here mentioned has to some appeared incredibly large; but it must be considered that a prodigious number of persons was now at Jerusalem, and that this was the amount of all the victims that had been offered during the seven days of the feast of tabernacles, as well as the time the feast of the dedication lasted. 19288-900830-2155-2Ch7.6 19289-900830-2156-2Ch7.7 19290-900830-2208-2Ch7.8 That is, from one extremity of the land to another; Hamath being situated on the north, and the river of Egypt on the south. 19291-900830-2209-2Ch7.9 19292-900830-2211-2Ch7.10 19293-900830-2211-2Ch7.11 19294-900830-2213-2Ch7.12 19295-900830-2215-2Ch7.13 19296-900830-2218-2Ch7.14 19297-900830-2219-2Ch7.15 19298-900830-2220-2Ch7.16 19299-900830-2222-2Ch7.17 19300-900830-2223-2Ch7.18 19301-900830-2224-2Ch7.19 19302-900830-2225-2Ch7.20 19303-900830-2227-2Ch7.21 19304-900830-2228-2Ch7.22 19305-900830-2233-2Ch8.1 7-10 The Canaanites which were left, Solomon makes tributaries, but the Israelites rulers 11 Pharaoh's daughter removes to her house 12,13 Solomon's yearly solemn sacrifices 14-16 He appoints the priests and Levites to their places 17,18 The navy fetches gold from Ophir 19306-900830-2233-2Ch8.2 19307-900830-2234-2Ch8.3 19308-900830-2242-2Ch8.4 Tadmor, the Palmyra of the Greeks, as we learn from Josephus, a celebrated city of Syria, situated in an oasis, or fertile spot of land, surrounded on all sides by a vast sandy desert, like an island in the midst of the ocean; according to Pliny, 337 miles from Seleucian and Tigrim, 203 from the nearest part of the Mediterranean, and 176 from Damascus; according to Josephus, one day's journey west of the Euphrates, and six from Babylon; and according to Ptolemy, in lat. 34d north, or that of Tripoli, and about 4d more easterly; and it is described by Mr. Wood as `situated under a barren ridge of hills to the west, and open of the other sides to the desert:' `about six days' journey from Aleppo, and as much from Damascus, and about twenty leagues west of the Euphrates.' Palmyra attained the height of its splendour when the royal city of Zenobia was conquered by the emperor Aurelian; became a Roman colony after the victories of Trajan; and was probably reduced to its present miserable state in the wars of the Saracens. Its magnificent ruins, however, scattered over an extent of several miles, sufficiently attest its former splendour and riches. 19309-900901-0905-2Ch8.5 19310-900901-0908-2Ch8.6 which he desired to build 19311-900901-0909-2Ch8.7 19312-900901-0910-2Ch8.8 19313-900901-0910-2Ch8.9 19314-900901-0911-2Ch8.10 19315-900901-0912-2Ch8.11 19316-900901-0914-2Ch8.12 19317-900901-0916-2Ch8.13 19318-900901-0919-2Ch8.14 of David the man of God 19319-900901-0920-2Ch8.15 19320-900901-0921-2Ch8.16 19321-900901-0922-2Ch8.17 19322-900901-0926-2Ch8.18 conjectures respecting the situation of Ophir are endless. Grotius conjectures it to be a part of Arabia called Aphar by Arrian; while Bochart and others have placed it in the island of Ceylon. Calmet supposes it to have been situated in Armenia; but his late editor places it at the head of the Indus. Josephus says that Ophir is in the Indies, called the Gold country; by which he is supposed to mean Chersonesus Aurea, now Malacca, opposite Sumatra; and Le Poivre observes that the inhabitants of these places call their gold mines `ophirs.' 19323-900901-1027-2Ch9.1 13,14 Solomon's revenue in gold 15,16 His targets and shields 17,19 The throne of ivory 20-22 His vessels 23,24 His presents 25 His chariots and horse 26-28 His tributes 29-31 His reign and death 19324-900901-1027-2Ch9.2 19325-900901-1030-2Ch9.3 19326-900901-1031-2Ch9.4 19327-900901-1032-2Ch9.5 19328-900901-1034-2Ch9.6 19329-900901-1036-2Ch9.7 19330-900901-1039-2Ch9.8 19331-900901-1048-2Ch9.9 This queen is called {Balkis} by the Arabians, who say she came from the city of Sheba, also called Mareb, in Yemen or Arabia Felix; but the Ethiopians call her {Maqueda}, claim her as their sovereign, and say that her posterity reigned there for a long time. Mr. Bruce has given us the history of her and her descendants from Abyssinian records; and Josephus says that Sheba was the ancient name of the city of {Meroe}, (south of Egypt, and sometimes comprehended in Ethiopia,) and that this princess came from thence. Those who think the princess came from Arabia, rely chiefly on the fact that gold, silver, spices, and precious stones, which were the presents she made to Solomon, are the natural products of that country; and that it may well be placed at the uttermost part of the earth, as it borders on the southern ocean, and formerly they knew no land beyond it. 19332-900901-1049-2Ch9.10 19333-900901-1051-2Ch9.11 19334-900901-1051-2Ch9.12 19335-900901-1053-2Ch9.13 19336-900901-1054-2Ch9.14 19337-900901-1054-2Ch9.15 19338-900901-1055-2Ch9.16 19339-900901-1055-2Ch9.17 19340-900901-1056-2Ch9.18 19341-900901-1056-2Ch9.19 19342-900901-1058-2Ch9.20 19343-900901-1105-2Ch9.21 Bochart thinks this Tarshish was probably the promontory Cory, on the north of the island of Ceylon, which, according to him, was the land of ophir. That it was name of a place in the East Indies, seems probable from the articles brought thence, and also from the ships sent thither being built at Ezion-geber, on the Red Sea; though Michaelis supposes that the fleet coasted along the shore of Africa, doubling the Cape of Good Hope, and came to Tartessus, in Spain, and thence back again the same way; that this accounts for their three years' voyage out and home and that Spain and the coasts of Africa furnish all the the commodities which they brought back. Tukkeeyim is rendered taysin in the Targum, () in the Alexandrian MS. of the LXX., and pavos, `peacocks,' in the Vulgate; with which the Syriac, Arabic, and Rabbins agree. This derives confirmation from the fact, that the peacock is called in Malabric, Togei. 19344-900901-1107-2Ch9.22 19345-900901-1109-2Ch9.23 19346-900901-1109-2Ch9.24 19347-900901-1110-2Ch9.25 19348-900901-1111-2Ch9.26 19349-900901-1113-2Ch9.27 19350-900901-1122-2Ch9.28 `Moses,' says Bp. Warburton, `had expressly prohibited the mul- tiplying of horses, (De 17.16;) by which the future king was forbidden to establish a body of calvary, because this could not be effected without sending into Egypt, with which people God had forbidden any communication, as this would be dangerous to religion. When Solomon had violated this law, and multiplied horses to excess, (1ki 4.26,) it was soon attended with those fatal consequences that the law foretold: for this wisest of kings having likewise, in violation of {another} law, married Pharaoh's daughter, (the early fruits of this commerce,) and then, by a repetition of the same crime, but a transgression of another law, had espoused more strange women, (1ki 4.26; 11.1,) they first,in defiance of a {fourth} law, persuaded him to build them idol temples for {their use}; and afterwards, against a {fifth} law, brought him to erect other temples for {his own.}' 19351-900901-1124-2Ch9.29 19352-900901-1125-2Ch9.30 19353-900901-2204-2Ch9.31 19354-900901-1131-2Ch10.1 Jeroboam make a suit of relaxation unto him, 6-15 Rehobaom, refusing the old mens' counsel, by the advise of young men answers them roughly, 16-19 Ten tribes revolting, kill Hadoram, and make Rehoboam flee 19355-900901-1134-2Ch10.2 19356-900901-1134-2Ch10.3 19357-900901-1135-2Ch10.4 19358-900901-1136-2Ch10.5 19359-900901-1137-2Ch10.6 19360-900901-1138-2Ch10.7 19361-900901-1144-2Ch10.8 It was a custom in different countries to educate with the heir to the throne, young noblemen of nearly the same age. This, as Calmet observes, answered two great and important ends: 1. It excited the prince to emulation; that he might, as far as possible, surpass in all many exercises, and in all acts of prudence and virtue, those whom one day he was to surpass in the elevation and dignity of his station. 2. That he might acquire a correct knowledge of the disposition and views of those who were likely to be, under him, the highest officers of the state, and consequently know the better how to trust and employ them. 19362-900901-1145-2Ch10.9 19363-900901-1147-2Ch10.10 stronger than the might of my father.' 19364-900901-1148-2Ch10.11 19365-900901-1148-2Ch10.12 19366-900901-1149-2Ch10.13 19367-900901-1150-2Ch10.14 19368-900901-1153-2Ch10.15 19369-900901-1155-2Ch10.16 19370-900901-1158-2Ch10.17 19371-900901-1200-2Ch10.18 19372-900901-1201-2Ch10.19 19373-900901-1205-2Ch11.1 Shemaiah 5-12 He strengthens his kingdom with forts and provisions 13-17 The priests and Levites, and such as feared God, forsaken by Jeroboam, strengthen the kingdom of Judah 18-23 The wives and children of Rehoboam 19374-900901-1707-2Ch11.2 19375-900901-1708-2Ch11.3 19376-900901-1710-2Ch11.4 19377-900901-1711-2Ch11.5 19378-900901-1715-2Ch11.6 Bethlehem, called Bethlehem Judah (ju 17.7) to distinguish it from another Bethlehem in Zebulon, (Jos 19.15) and also Ephratah, (i. e. fruitful,) and by the Arabs, Bait-el-lahm, is situated on a rising ground on the southern side of a deep and extensive valley, and reclining from E. to W. not quite six miles S. of Jerusalem. 19379-900901-1716-2Ch11.7 19380-900901-1717-2Ch11.8 19381-900901-1717-2Ch11.9 19382-900901-1719-2Ch11.10 19383-900901-1720-2Ch11.11 19384-900901-1721-2Ch11.12 19385-900901-1722-2Ch11.13 19386-900901-1723-2Ch11.14 19387-900901-1725-2Ch11.15 The word, seirim literally signifies hairy ones, or goats see Note on Le 17.7 19388-900901-1727-2Ch11.16 19389-900901-1728-2Ch11.17 19390-900901-1731-2Ch11.18 Eliab was David's eldest brother; and more than eighty years had elapsed since David, at the age of thirty, began to reign: Abigail must therefore have been grand-daughter to eliab; and this shews the latitude in which the words {son} and {daughter} are used in Scripture. 19392-900901-1732-2Ch11.20 19393-900901-1733-2Ch11.21 19394-900901-1734-2Ch11.22 19395-900901-1735-2Ch11.23 19396-900901-1739-2Ch12.1 5-12 He and the princes, repenting at the preaching of Shemiah, are delivered from destruction, but not from spoil 13-16 The reign and death of Rehoboam 19397-900901-1740-2Ch12.2 19398-900901-1746-2Ch12.3 Lubim, apparently the same with Lehabim (Ge 10.13) were probably the ancient inhabitants of Lybia, (called Lubi in the Syriac version, Ac. 2.10) a district of Africa, adjoining to Egypt, and extending along the shore of the mediterranean as far as the city of Cyrene. The Sukkiim, (from sachach, `to cover,') are supposed to have been the Troglodites, as the LXX. and Vulgate render, a people of Egypt, on the west of the Read Sea, so called because they dwelt in caves. These Cushim were probably the inhabitants of Ethiopia, south of Egypt. 19399-900901-1746-2Ch12.4 19400-900901-1748-2Ch12.5 19401-900901-1749-2Ch12.6 19402-900901-1752-2Ch12.7 19403-900901-1753-2Ch12.8 19404-900901-1754-2Ch12.9 19405-900901-1755-2Ch12.10 19407-900901-1756-2Ch12.12 things. 19408-900901-1758-2Ch12.13 19409-900901-1800-2Ch12.14 19410-900901-1801-2Ch12.15 19411-900901-1802-2Ch12.16 19412-900901-1805-2Ch13.1 4-12 he declares the right of his cause 13-20 Trusting in God, he overcomes Jerobaom 21,22 The wives and children of Abijah 19413-900901-1807-2Ch13.2 19414-900901-1808-2Ch13.3 19415-900901-2134-2Ch13.4 Zemaraim could not be, as some have supposed, the same as the hill of Samaria, so called from Shemer, in the days of Omri; near Zemaraim, a city of Benjamin, near Bethel. 19416-900901-2136-2Ch13.5 19417-900901-2137-2Ch13.6 19418-900901-2138-2Ch13.7 19419-900901-2140-2Ch13.8 19420-900901-2141-2Ch13.9 19421-900901-2146-2Ch13.10 We have not abandoned the Lord; and we still serve him according to His own law. But what Abijah urged concerning the state of religion in Judah was not strictly just; and, as spoken by him, it favoured ostentation. Abijah himself was but an indifferent character; and idolatry was evidently connived at in his days. Yet it was true, that the men of Judah had priests, ordinances, and worship of Jehovah among them; that there were numbers of pious worshipers in the land; that theirs was was the more righteous cause; that Jehovah was on their side as their Captain, while Israel fought against him; and that the presence of the priests with the sacred trumpets was a token of His presence and favour. 19422-900901-2148-2Ch13.11 19423-900901-2150-2Ch13.12 19424-900901-2151-2Ch13.13 19425-900901-2152-2Ch13.14 19426-900901-2153-2Ch13.15 19427-900901-2154-2Ch13.16 19428-900901-2154-2Ch13.17 19429-900901-2155-2Ch13.18 19430-900901-2159-2Ch13.19 Jeshanah, according to the Talmud, was not far from Sephoris. Perhaps it is the Migdal -Senna of Eusebius, eight miles north of Jericho. Ephrain, or Ephron, a city of Benjamin, is placed by Eusebius, eight mills south of Jerusalem, near Bethel. Josephus calls Ephrain and Bethel two little cities; and places the former in the tribe of Benjamin, near the wilderness of Judea, in the way to Jericho. 19431-900901-2159-2Ch13.20 19432-900901-2200-2Ch13.21 19433-900901-2201-2Ch13.22 19434-900901-2204-2Ch14.1 6-8 having peace, he strengthens his kingdom with forts and armies 9-15 Calling of God, he overthrows Zerah, and spoils the Ethiopians 19435-900901-2205-2Ch14.2 19436-900901-2207-2Ch14.3 19437-900901-2209-2Ch14.4 19438-900901-2210-2Ch14.5 19439-900901-2211-2Ch14.6 19440-900901-2212-2Ch14.7 19441-900901-2213-2Ch14.8 19442-900901-2214-2Ch14.9 19443-900901-2214-2Ch14.10 19444-900901-2219-2Ch14.11 19445-900901-2220-2Ch14.12 19446-900901-2221-2Ch14.13 19447-900901-2222-2Ch14.14 19448-900901-2223-2Ch14.15 19449-900901-2225-2Ch15.1 Azariah the son of Oded, make a solemn covenant with God 16,17 He puts down Maachah his mother for idolatry 18,19 He brings dedicated things into the house of God, and enjoys a long peace. 19450-900901-2228-2Ch15.2 19451-900901-2309-2Ch15.3 19452-900901-2310-2Ch15.4 19453-900901-2310-2Ch15.5 19454-900901-2312-2Ch15.6 19455-900901-2314-2Ch15.7 19456-900901-2316-2Ch15.8 19457-900901-2317-2Ch15.9 19458-900901-2317-2Ch15.10 19459-900901-2318-2Ch15.11 19460-900901-2320-2Ch15.12 19461-900901-2321-2Ch15.13 19462-900901-2321-2Ch15.14 19463-900901-2325-2Ch15.15 19464-900901-2327-2Ch15.16 19465-900901-2328-2Ch15.17 19466-900901-2328-2Ch15.18 19467-900901-2329-2Ch15.19 19468-900901-2333-2Ch16.1 Ramah 7-10 Being reproved thereof by Hanani, he puts him in prison 11,12 Among his other acts in his disease he seeks not to God, but to the physicians 13,14 His death and burial See the note on 1ki 15.32 `From the rending of the ten tribes from Judah, over which Asa was now king.' 19469-900901-2334-2Ch16.2 19470-900901-2335-2Ch16.3 19471-900901-2338-2Ch16.4 Abel-maim is called Abel-beth-maachah in 1ki 15.20, and elsewhere, on account of its belonging to the district of Beth-maachah. 19472-900902-0803-2Ch16.5 19473-900902-0805-2Ch16.6 19474-900902-0807-2Ch16.7 19475-900902-0809-2Ch16.8 19476-900902-0812-2Ch16.9 19477-900902-0814-2Ch16.10 19478-900902-0815-2Ch16.11 19479-900902-0817-2Ch16.12 19480-900902-0818-2Ch16.13 19481-900902-0820-2Ch16.14 19482-900902-0824-2Ch17.1 7-9 He sends Levites with the princes to teach Judah 10,11 His enemies being terrified by God, some of them bring him presents and tribute 12-19 His greatness, captains, and armies 19483-900902-0824-2Ch17.2 19484-900902-0828-2Ch17.3 19485-900902-0829-2Ch17.4 19486-900902-0832-2Ch17.5 19487-900902-0835-2Ch17.6 19488-900902-0841-2Ch17.7 In these verse we have an account of a remarkable itinerant ministry established by Jehoshaphat, in which three classes of men were employed: 1..the Princes; 2. the Levites 3. the Priests We may presume that the Princes instructed the people in the nature of the civil law and constitution of the kingdom; that the Levites instructed them in every thing that appertained to the temple service, and ritual law; and that the Priests instructed them in the nature and design of their religion. Thus the nation became thoroughly instructed in their duty to God, to the king, and to each other; they therefore became as one man; and against a people thus united, on such principles, no enemy could be successful. 19489-900902-0841-2Ch17.8 19490-900902-0843-2Ch17.9 19491-900902-0844-2Ch17.10 19492-900902-0844-2Ch17.11 19493-900902-0846-2Ch17.12 19494-900902-0847-2Ch17.13 19495-900902-0847-2Ch17.14 19496-900902-0848-2Ch17.15 19497-900902-0849-2Ch17.16 19498-900902-0849-2Ch17.17 19499-900902-0850-2Ch17.18 19500-900902-0850-2Ch17.19 19501-900902-0856-2Ch18.1 with him against Ramoth-gilead 4-34 Ahab, seduced by false prophets, according to the word of Micaiah, is slain there He took Athaliah, the daughter of Ahab, to be wife to his son Joram, (2ki 8.18) which fatal connection was highly displeasing to God, and Jehoshaphat was severely reproved for it by Jehu the seer 19502-900902-0857-2Ch18.2 19503-900902-0858-2Ch18.3 19504-900902-0901-2Ch18.4 19505-900902-0903-2Ch18.5 19506-900902-0904-2Ch18.6 19507-900902-0906-2Ch18.7 19508-900902-0907-2Ch18.8 19509-900902-0910-2Ch18.9 Threshing floors, among the ancient Jews, as we have before remarked, were only, as they are to this day in the East, round level plats of ground in the open air. Hence a floor might well be near the gate of Samaria, which was built on a hill, and afford no improper place for the kings of Judah and Israel to give audience to the prophets. 19510-900902-0915-2Ch18.10 Mr. Bruce, in describing the head-dress of the governors of Abysisinia, says, `A large broad fillet was bound upon their forehead, and tied behind their head: in the middle of this was a horn, or conical piece of silver, gilt, about four inches long, much in the shape of our common candle extinguishers. This is called kirn [keren] and is only worn in reviews, or parades after victory.' Such, it may be supposed, were the {horns of iron} which Zedekiah (who appears to have acted the hero returning from a military triumph) made for himself, when he presumed, in the name of jehovah, to flatter his prince with the promise of victory: `Thus saith the Lord, With these thou shalt push Syria, until they be consumed.' 19511-900902-0916-2Ch18.11 19512-900902-0917-2Ch18.12 19513-900902-0919-2Ch18.13 19514-900902-0920-2Ch18.14 19515-900902-0920-2Ch18.15 19516-900902-0922-2Ch18.16 19517-900902-0922-2Ch18.17 19518-900902-0923-2Ch18.18 19519-900902-0925-2Ch18.19 19520-900902-0925-2Ch18.20 19521-900902-0926-2Ch18.21 19522-900902-0929-2Ch18.22 19523-900902-0930-2Ch18.23 19524-900902-0935-2Ch18.24 chamber in a chamber. `In one of the halls of the seraglio at Constantinople,' says De La Motraye, `the eunuch made us pass by several little chambers, with doors shut, like the cells of monks or nuns, as far as I could judge by one that another eunuch opened.' This exactly corresponds with the idea of a `chamber within a chamber;' and it would appear that Michaiah predicted that Zedekiah should fly for shelter to a {Harem}, which we have seen was deem {inviolate.} 19525-900902-0936-2Ch18.25 19526-900902-0937-2Ch18.26 19527-900902-0938-2Ch18.27 19528-900902-0938-2Ch18.28 19529-900902-0939-2Ch18.29 19530-900902-0940-2Ch18.30 19531-900902-0941-2Ch18.31 19532-900902-0942-2Ch18.32 19533-900902-0947-2Ch18.33 plate. The {shiryon} in Syriac, {sheryono}, seems to have covered both the back and breast of the warrior, and was consequently not properly a {breast-palate}, but a {coat of mail or corslet}. The corslet was made of flax of of wool woven very thick, of ox- hide, of brass, or of iron. The metallic corslet consisted not of solid piece, but of scales, hooks, or rings, connected like the links of a chain, that the warrior might move with greater ease. It was between the joints of this {harness} that Ahab received his mortal wound. 19534-900902-0947-2Ch18.34 19535-900902-1010-2Ch19.1 5-7 His instructions to the judges 8-11 to the priests and Levites 19536-900902-1014-2Ch19.2 19537-900902-1015-2Ch19.3 19538-900902-1016-2Ch19.4 19539-900902-1016-2Ch19.5 19540-900902-1017-2Ch19.6 19541-900902-1019-2Ch19.7 19542-900902-1020-2Ch19.8 19543-900902-1020-2Ch19.9 19544-900902-1021-2Ch19.10 19545-900902-1023-2Ch19.11 19546-900902-1027-2Ch20.1 5-13 His prayer 14-19 The prophecy of Jahaziel 20,21 Jehoshaphat exhorts the people, and sets singers to praise the Lord 22-25 The great overthrow of his enemies 26-30 The people, having blessed God at Berachah, return in triumph 31-34 Jehosaphat's reign 35-37 His convoy of ships, according to the prophecy of Eliezer, unhappily perish. 19547-900902-1030-2Ch20.2 northern boundary of Edom, which is the reading of one of Dr. Kennicott's MSS (89) instead of {aram}, `Syria.' 19548-900902-1032-2Ch20.3 19549-900902-1032-2Ch20.4 19550-900902-1033-2Ch20.5 19551-900902-1035-2Ch20.6 19552-900902-1036-2Ch20.7 19553-900902-1037-2Ch20.8 19554-900902-1038-2Ch20.9 Vulgate, read {nikra}, `is invoked:' `thy name is invoked in this house.' 19555-900902-1039-2Ch20.10 19556-900902-1041-2Ch20.11 Six of Dr. kennicott's and De Rossi's MSS. and {raah}, `evil:' `Behold they reward us {evil.}' which is also the reading of the Targum. 19557-900902-1043-2Ch20.12 19558-900902-1044-2Ch20.13 19559-900902-1045-2Ch20.14 19560-900902-1046-2Ch20.15 19561-900902-1048-2Ch20.16 The cliff of Ziz was probably near Ziza, which Ptolemy places in Arabia Petraea, long. 69.5d lat 31d The wilderness of jeruel seems, form vers. 20, to have been a part of the wilderness of Tekoa. 19562-900902-1050-2Ch20.17 19563-900902-1050-2Ch20.18 19564-900902-1052-2Ch20.19 19565-900902-1053-2Ch20.20 19566-900902-1056-2Ch20.21 19567-900902-1059-2Ch20.22 Houbigant's version is, `the Lord set against the children of Amon and Moab ambushments of those who came from mount Seir against Judah; and the children of Ammon and Moab were smitten: but they afterwards rose up against the inhabitants of mount Seir, and utterly destroyed them who being destroyed, they rose up one against one another, and mutually destroyed each other.' 19568-900902-1100-2Ch20.23 19569-900902-1101-2Ch20.24 19570-900902-1106-2Ch20.25 Instead of {pegarim,} `dead bodies,' eight MSS. and several ancient editions read {begadim.} `garments' None of the ancient versions, except the Chaldee, have {dead bodies}: {garments} would therefore appear to be a true reading; and the succeeding clause should be rendered, `which they seized for themselves.' 19571-900902-1110-2Ch20.26 by fasting and prayer, and received the assurance of it with grateful joy, Jehoshaphat and his army returned immediate and fervent thanks and praise to the Lord, who had in so wonderful a manner performed his promise. Scott, who quotes the following from Bp. Patrick: `They did not return every man to his own home; but first went back to Jerusalem, to bless the Lord again for hearing their prayer and making good his promises.' 19572-900902-1111-2Ch20.27 19573-900902-1114-2Ch20.28 Instead of celebrating his own heroism or the valour of his troops on this memorable occasion, this excellent prince sung with his whole army the praises of jehovah, the God of hosts, who disposes of the victory according to his pleasure. This conduct was becoming the descendant and successor of David, the man after God's own heart, and of a religious people, the peculiar inheritance of Jehovah 19574-900902-1115-2Ch20.29 19575-900902-1115-2Ch20.30 19576-900902-1116-2Ch20.31 19577-900902-1117-2Ch20.32 19578-900902-1118-2Ch20.33 19579-900902-1119-2Ch20.34 19580-900902-1120-2Ch20.35 19581-900902-1123-2Ch20.36 `Tarsos in the great sea,' says the Targumist, by which is meant a a place in the Mediterranean, called the Great Sea by the Hebrews. 19582-900902-1124-2Ch20.37 19583-900902-1141-2Ch21.1 5-7 His wicked reign 8-11 Edom and Libnah revolt 12-15 The prophecy of Elijah against him in writing 16,17 Philistines and Arabians oppress him 18-20 His incurable disease, infamous death, and burial 19584-900902-1143-2Ch21.2 Jehosaphat was certainly not king of Israel, but of Judah; Yisrael must therefore be a mistake for Yehoodah; which is the reading of {thirty-eight} of Dr. kennicott's and De Rossi's MSS., and of the Syriac, Arabic, Septuagint, and Vulgate. 19585-900902-1145-2Ch21.3 before his death, and in the fifth year of Joram king of Israel; so that Jehoram reigned three years with his father, and five years alone, in all eight years. `Jehoram made partner of the kingdom with his father, 1ki 8.16.' 19586-900902-1146-2Ch21.4 19587-900902-1147-2Ch21.5 19588-900902-1148-2Ch21.6 19589-900902-1150-2Ch21.7 19590-900902-1152-2Ch21.8 19592-900902-1153-2Ch21.10 19593-900902-1156-2Ch21.11 19594-900902-1200-2Ch21.12 If the account of the translation of Elijah be given in the order in which it happened, then it occurred in the reign of Jehoshaphat, the father of Jehoram. Hence, it is probable that he wrote it before his assumption, and left it to be delivered by Elisha or one of the prophets. 19595-900902-1203-2Ch21.13 19596-900902-1206-2Ch21.14 Many of the people had concurred in Jehoram's idolatry, and some of them must have been instruments in his base, unnatural murders; they were therefore joined in his punishment, and he suffered by the loss of his subjects. 19597-900902-1209-2Ch21.15 This is supposed to have been a violent dysentery, a disease which is often attended with symptoms similar to those described in the text; by the same death perished Antiochus Ephiphenes, and Herod Agrippa. 19598-900902-1210-2Ch21.16 19599-900902-1211-2Ch21.17 19600-900902-1213-2Ch21.18 disease. 19601-900902-1213-2Ch21.19 19602-900902-1215-2Ch21.20 being regretted: no one wished him to live any longer. He was hated while he lived, and neglected when he died. 19603-900902-1218-2Ch22.1 5-9 in his confederacy with Joram, the son of Ahab, he is slain by Jehu 10-12 Athaliah, destroying all the seed royal, save Joash, whom Jehoshabeath his aunt hid, usurps the kingdom 19604-900902-1221-2Ch22.2 In the parallel passage, (on which see the Note) he is said to be only twenty-two; and this is doubtless the true reading, as it is supported here by several MSS. and Versions. 19605-900902-1222-2Ch22.3 19606-900902-1223-2Ch22.4 19607-900902-1225-2Ch22.5 19608-900902-1229-2Ch22.6 Ahaziah, () and Jehoahaz () are essentially the same both in letters and sense, the word () {yeho} or () {yah} being merely transposed: but Azariah, () seems to have been a distinct name by which he was known. 19609-900902-1230-2Ch22.7 19610-900902-1240-2Ch22.8 19611-900902-1240-2Ch22.9 The account in the parallel passage is somewhat different. `The current of the story at large is this,' says Dr. Lightfoot: `Jehu slayeth Joram in the field of Jezreel, as Ahaziah and Joram were together: Ahaziah seeing this, flies, and gets into Samaria, and hides himself there. Jehu marcheth to Jezreel, and makes Jezebel dogs' meat: from thence sends to Samaria for the heads of Ahab's children and posterity; which are brought him by night, and shewed to the people in the morning. Then he marcheth to Samaria, and, by the way, slayeth forty-two of Ahab's kinsmen, and findeth Jehonadab, the father of the Rechabites. Coming into Samaria, he maketh search for Ahaziah: they find him hid, bring him to Jehu, and he commands to carry him towards Gur, by Ibleam, and there to slay him. They do so: smite him in his chariot, and his charioteer driveth away to Megiddo before he dies.' `2ki 9.27, at megiddo, in the kingdom of Samaria.' 19612-900902-1241-2Ch22.10 19613-900902-1242-2Ch22.11 19614-900902-1243-2Ch22.12 19615-900902-1245-2Ch23.1 12-15 Athaliah is slain 16-21 Jehoiada restores the worship of God 19616-900902-1248-2Ch23.2 Houbigant omits the words {of Israel.} Bp. Patrick, however, is of the opinion that Judah is here called by the general name of {Israel}: but it is probable, that these `chief fathers of Israel' were the descendants of those priests and Levites, and other pious persons of the ten tribes, who left their cities and possessions, and joined themselves to Judah, in the days of Jeroboam. See the parallel passages. 19617-900902-1249-2Ch23.3 19618-900902-1250-2Ch23.4 19619-900902-1251-2Ch23.5 19620-900902-1252-2Ch23.6 19621-900902-1252-2Ch23.7 19622-900902-1254-2Ch23.8 19623-900902-1511-2Ch23.9 When the soldier retired from the tumults of war to the bosom of his family, he frequently hung up his arms in the temple as a grateful acknowledgment of the protection he had received, and of the victories he had won. It is highly probable, therefore, that the arms of David which Jehoida delivered to the captains of hundred, `which were in the house of God,' were laid up in the tabernacle by David when he resigned the command of his armies to his generals; and there is reason to believe that his conduct, in this respect, was followed by many of his companions in arms. 19624-900902-1512-2Ch23.10 19625-900902-1515-2Ch23.11 19626-900902-1516-2Ch23.12 19627-900902-1518-2Ch23.13 19628-900902-1521-2Ch23.14 The Vulgate has here, and in the parallel place, Educite illam extra septa templi, `Take her out beyond the precints of the temple.' These were walls erected in parallel lines, and forming an extensive range of buildings around the sacred edifice. slain. 19629-900902-1524-2Ch23.15 This gate was in the eastern wall of the city, towards the brook Kedron, (je 31.40) at which the king's horses probably went out from the stables at Millo. It was near the temple; and some Rabbins suppose that, in order to go to the temple, a person might go on horseback to this place, but was then obliged to alight. 19630-900902-1525-2Ch23.16 19631-900902-1526-2Ch23.17 19632-900902-1529-2Ch23.18 19633-900902-1529-2Ch23.19 19634-900902-1530-2Ch23.20 19635-900902-1530-2Ch23.21 19636-900902-1536-2Ch24.1 4-14 He gives order for the repair of the temple 15,16 Jehoiada's death and honourable burial 17-22 Joash, falling into idolatry, slays Zechariah the son of Jehoida 23-26 Joash is spoiled by the Syrians, and slain by Zabad and Jehozabad 27 Amaziah succeeds him Joash is merely an abbreviation of Jehoash As Joash was hidden six years in the temple, and was but seven when he came to the throne, he could have been but one year old when secreted by his aunt. 19637-900902-1537-2Ch24.2 19638-900902-1540-2Ch24.3 Not for himself, as the Jewish expositers suppose, but for Joash; for Jehoiada's advanced age renders it highly improbable that he should take them for himself. He was born in the reign of Solomon, and lived through six successive reigns; and must, on any computation, have been upwards of 100 years old when Joash began to reign. 19639-900902-1541-2Ch24.4 19640-900902-1541-2Ch24.5 19641-900902-1543-2Ch24.6 This was the poll-tax fixed by Moses, of half a shekel, which was levied on every man of twenty years old and upwards, as `a ransom for their souls, that there might be no plague among them.' 19642-900902-1546-2Ch24.7 other, were all slain before his death (ch 22.1) this spoilation of the temple must have taken place in his life time. 19643-900902-1547-2Ch24.8 19644-900902-1547-2Ch24.9 19645-900902-1548-2Ch24.10 19646-900902-1549-2Ch24.11 It was necessary to associate with the high priest some {civil authority} and activity, in order to the the neglected work performed. 19647-900902-1550-2Ch24.12 19648-900902-1551-2Ch24.13 work by their hand state.' 19649-900902-1554-2Ch24.14 It appears from this, that the daily morning and evening sacrifices had been previously interrupted; and that they were again neglected after the death of Jehoiada. 19650-900902-1556-2Ch24.15 seems to be a metaphor taken from a guest regaled by a plentiful banquet, used to express the termination of life without reluctance. 19651-900902-1558-2Ch24.16 19652-900902-1600-2Ch24.17 19653-900902-1602-2Ch24.18 19654-900902-1605-2Ch24.19 19655-900902-1607-2Ch24.20 19656-900902-1608-2Ch24.21 19657-900902-1615-2Ch24.22 These words were prophetic, and not imprecatory; and should be rendered as Houbigant proposes, in the future tense: `The Lord will look upon it, and avenge it.' The event soon verified this prediction; for, before the year was expired, the Syrians came up against Jerusalem, and destroyed all the princes of the people and Joash himself was slain in his bed by his own servants. Many circumstances served to aggravate this barbarous act. Zechariah was a high-priest and a prophet, upright and unblameable in the discharge of his high offices; this murder was perpetrated within the very precincts of the courts of the Lord; and this truly good man was by blood the nearest relative of Joash, and the son of the man who had save him from being murdered, and raised him to the throne! 19658-900902-1617-2Ch24.23 19659-900902-1619-2Ch24.24 19660-900902-1623-2Ch24.25 Houbigant reads, `the sons of Jehoiada;' but perhaps Joash slew some other sons of Jehoiada 19661-900902-1623-2Ch24.26 19662-900902-1624-2Ch24.27 19663-900902-1630-2Ch25.1 3,4 He executes justice on the traitors 5-10 having hired an army of israelites against the Edomites, at the word of a prophet dismisses them 11,12 He overthrows the Edomites 13 The Israelites, discontented with their dismission, spoil as they return home 14-16 Amaziah, proud of his victory, serves the gods of Edom, and despises the admonitions of the prophet 17-24 He provokes Joash to his overthrow 25,26 His reign 27,28 He is slain by conspiracy 19664-900902-1631-2Ch25.2 19665-900902-1635-2Ch25.3 his father, had considerable influence; and therefore he found it dangerous to bring them to justice, till he was assured of the loyalty of his other officers: when this was clear, he called them to an account, and justly put them to death for treason and murder; for, if even these conspirators against Joash intended to avenge upon him the death of Zechariah, they acted without a commission from that God `to who vengeance belongeth.' 19666-900902-1636-2Ch25.4 19667-900902-1637-2Ch25.5 19668-900902-1639-2Ch25.6 Estimating the shekel at 2s 6d. and the talent, being 3000 shekels (see Ex 38.25,26) at 375l., one hundred talents would amount to 37,500l; which divided among 100,000 men, quotes only 7s 6d; hence we may suppose, that this was only an earnest of their pay, or that they expected to be enriched by the plunder of the Edomites. 19669-900902-1640-2Ch25.7 19670-900902-1643-2Ch25.8 19671-900902-1643-2Ch25.9 19672-900902-1644-2Ch25.10 19673-900902-1644-2Ch25.11 19674-900902-1649-2Ch25.12 No intimation is given on what account, or on what provacation, this most cruel conduct towards the prisoners of war was adopted. The enmity between israel and Edom seems to have been reciprocal and deeply malignant. The victorious king and his army considered every individual of Edom as a traitor and rebel; and so adjudged them to death, and acted on this judgment. But their conduct was wholly inexcusable, and could only perpetuate rancour to future generations, and provoke the surviving Edomites to cruel retaliations, whenever they had it in their power. 19675-900902-1651-2Ch25.13 These Israelites seem to have returned home, when discharged by Amaziah, whose powerful army deterred them from attempting revenge at that time; but when he was engaged in war with the Edomites, they marched from Samaria, and plundered all the cities till they came to Beth-horon, where they slew 3000 of the inhabitants. 19676-900902-1652-2Ch25.14 19677-900902-1654-2Ch25.15 19678-900902-1656-2Ch25.16 19679-900902-1657-2Ch25.17 19680-900902-1658-2Ch25.18 19681-900902-1700-2Ch25.19 19682-900902-1701-2Ch25.20 19683-900902-1707-2Ch25.21 That is, `they fought against each other.' To face an enemy, or to face one another, is still a common expression. The reason of this war was evidently the injury the army of Joash had done to the unoffending inhabitants of Judah. The ravages committed by them were totally unprovoked, base, and cowardly: they fell upon women, old men, and children, and butchered them in cold blood, when all the effective men were gone with their king against the Edomites. The quarrel of Amaziah were certainly just, yet he was put to the rout: he fell, and Judah with him, as Joash had said; and the reason was, because `it came of God, that he might deliver them into the hands of their enemies, because they sought after the gods of Edom.' This was the reason why the Israelites triumphed. 19684-900902-1708-2Ch25.22 19685-900902-1710-2Ch25.23 19686-900902-1711-2Ch25.24 It is probable that these hostages were given in order that Amaziah might regain his liberty. 19687-900902-1712-2Ch25.25 19688-900902-1712-2Ch25.26 19689-900902-1713-2Ch25.27 19690-900902-1714-2Ch25.28 19691-900902-1717-2Ch26.1 Zechariah, prospers 16-21 Waxing proud, he invades the priest's office, and is smitten with leprosy 22,23 He dies, and Jotham succeeds him 19692-900902-1717-2Ch26.2 19693-900902-1718-2Ch26.3 19694-900902-1719-2Ch26.4 19695-900902-1721-2Ch26.5 19696-900902-1724-2Ch26.6 Jabneh, or jamnia, was given to the tribe of Dan; and was situated between lydda and Azotus. it is now called yebna, and is described as `a village about twelve miles distant from Jaffa (Joppa) in a fine open plain, surrounded by hills, and covered by herbage. On sloping hills of easy ascent, by which the plains were bordered, yebna, Ekron, Ashdod, and Askalon were in sight.' 19697-900902-1725-2Ch26.7 19698-900902-1727-2Ch26.8 19699-900902-1729-2Ch26.9 19700-900902-1732-2Ch26.10 or, cut out many cisterns 19701-900902-1732-2Ch26.11 19703-900902-1733-2Ch26.13 19704-900902-1736-2Ch26.14 19705-900902-1743-2Ch26.15 These engines, it is probable, bore some resemblance to the balistae and cataputae of the Romans, which were employed for throwing stones and arrows, and were in reality the mortars and carcasses of antiquity. With respect to the towers which Uzziah built in the wilderness, (ver 10) Mr. Harmer appears to have given a truer view of the subject than commentators in general have done, who suppose that they were conveniences made only for sheltering the shepherds from bad weather, or to defend them from incursions of enemies; for they might rather be designed to keep the nations that pastured there in awe, and also to induce them quietly to pay the tribute to which the 8th verse seems to refer. William of Tyre describes a country not far from the Euphrates as inhabited by Syrian and Armenian Christians, who fed great flock and herds there, but were kept in subjection to the Turks, in consequence of their living among them in strong places. 19706-900902-1745-2Ch26.16 19707-900902-1746-2Ch26.17 19708-900902-1747-2Ch26.18 19709-900902-1748-2Ch26.19 19710-900902-1749-2Ch26.20 19711-900902-1750-2Ch26.21 19712-900902-1751-2Ch26.22 19713-900902-1752-2Ch26.23 19714-900902-1753-2Ch27.1 19715-900902-1755-2Ch27.2 he copied his father's conduct as far as it was pious and constitutional; and avoided his transgression 19716-900902-1757-2Ch27.3 interior palace.' Ophel appears to have been a tower, or fort, on the city wall, in which we read `the Nehthinim dwelt.' 19717-900902-1759-2Ch27.4 built for the protection of the country people against marauders. 19718-900902-1803-2Ch27.5 We find here, that he brought the Ammonites under a heavy tribute for three years; but whether this was the effect of his prevailing against them, is not so evident. Some think that they paid this tribute for three years, and then revolted; that, in consequence, he attacked them, and their utter subjection was the result. the homer, and contained about 32 pecks 1 pint. 19719-900902-1804-2Ch27.6 19720-900902-1806-2Ch27.7 There is not so much found in the book of Kings, which we have now, as here: in both places we have abridged accounts; the larger histories having been lost. 19722-900902-1806-2Ch27.9 19723-900902-1810-2Ch28.1 Syrians. 6-15 Judah being captivated by the Israelites, is sent home by the counsel of Oded the prophet. 16-21 Ahaz sending for aid to Assyria, is not helped thereby, 22-25 In his distress he grows more idolatrous 26,27 He dying, Hezekiah succeeds him 19724-900902-1811-2Ch28.2 19725-900902-1813-2Ch28.3 19726-900902-1813-2Ch28.4 19727-900902-1814-2Ch28.5 19728-900902-1816-2Ch28.6 19729-900902-1817-2Ch28.7 19730-900902-1817-2Ch28.8 19731-900902-1825-2Ch28.9 To this beautiful speech nothing can be added by the best comment: it is simple, humane, pious, and overwhelmingly convincing; and it is no wonder that it produced the effect here described. That there was much humanity, as well as firmness, in the heads of the children of Ephraim, who joined with the prophet of Jehovah on this occasion, their subsequent conduct, as detailed in the fifteenth verse, sufficiently proves. They did not barely dismiss these most unfortunate captives, but they took that very spoil which their victorious army had taken, and with clothed, shod, fed, and anointed these distressed people, set the feeblest of them upon asses, and escorted them safely to jericho! We can scarcely find a parallel to this in the universal history of the wars which savage man has carried on against his fellows from the foundation of the world. The compliance also of the whole army, in leaving both the captives and spoil to the disposal of the princes, was really wonderful, and perhaps unparalleled in history. Both the princes and army are worthy to be held up to the admiration and imitation of mankind. 19732-900902-1827-2Ch28.10 19733-900902-1828-2Ch28.11 19734-900902-1828-2Ch28.12 19735-900902-1829-2Ch28.13 19737-900902-1831-2Ch28.15 19738-900902-1833-2Ch28.16 Instead of malchey, `kings,' the Chaldee, Syriac, Arabic, and Vulgate, one MS., and the parallel place, have {mailech}, `king. ' 19739-900902-1834-2Ch28.17 19740-900902-1836-2Ch28.18 19741-900902-1838-2Ch28.19 19742-900902-1839-2Ch28.20 19743-900902-1840-2Ch28.21 19744-900902-1840-2Ch28.22 19745-900902-2201-2Ch28.23 This passage, says Mr. Hallet, greatly surprised me; for the sacred historian is here represented as saying, `The gods of Damascus had smitten Ahaz.' But it is impossible to suppose that an inspired author should say this for the Scripture every where represents the heathen idols as nothing and vanity, and as incapable of doing either good or hurt. All difficulty is avoided if we follow the old Hebrew copies, from which the Greek translation was made: `And king Ahaz said, I will seek to the gods of Damascus which have smitten me.' 19746-900902-2202-2Ch28.24 19747-900902-2203-2Ch28.25 19748-900902-2203-2Ch28.26 19749-900902-2211-2Ch28.27 being sometimes applied by the writer of this book, in a general way, to judah. The Hebrews were accustomed to honour the memory of those kings who had reigned well, by depositing their remains in the royal cemetery. On the contrary, those who died under the the disapprobation of the people, as a mark of posthumous disgrace, were denied interment with their predecessors, and were buried in some other place in Jerusalem. So it was with Ahaz, who, though brought into the city, was not buried in the sepulchres of the kings of Judah. It was doubtless with a design to make a suitable impression on the minds of their kings while living, that such distinctions were observed. They might thus restrain them from evil, or excite them to good, according as they were fearful of being execrated, or desirous of being honoured, when dead. 19750-900902-2215-2Ch29.1 3,4 He restores religion 5-11 He exhorts the Levites 12-19 They sanctify themselves, and cleanse the house of God 20-36 Hezekiah offers solemn sacrifices, wherein the Levites are more foreward than the priests 19751-900902-2216-2Ch29.2 did that which was right, but not like David, that is, not with David's integrity and zeal. 19752-900902-2217-2Ch29.3 19753-900902-2218-2Ch29.4 19754-900902-2219-2Ch29.5 19755-900902-2221-2Ch29.6 19756-900902-2225-2Ch29.7 ordinances, may truly be said to forsake God himself. The lamps were not lighted, and incense was not burnt: there are still such neglects as these, and they are no less culpable, if the Word be not duly read and opened, answering to the lighting of the lamps, and if prayers and praises be not duly offered up, which was signified by the burning of incense. 19757-900902-2228-2Ch29.8 It is probable Hezekiah refers to that dreadful defeat by the Israelites, in which one hundred and twenty thousand were slain, and two hundred thousand taken prisoners: 19758-900902-2229-2Ch29.9 19759-900902-2232-2Ch29.10 To renew that covenant under which the whole people were constantly considered, and of which circumcision was the sign, and the spirit of which was, `I will be your God, ye shall be my people.' 19760-900902-2238-2Ch29.11 19761-900902-2240-2Ch29.12 19762-900902-2240-2Ch29.13 19763-900902-2241-2Ch29.14 19764-900902-2242-2Ch29.15 19765-900902-2246-2Ch29.16 The priests and Levites cleansed first the courts both of the priests and of the people. On this labour they spent eight days. Then they cleansed the interior of the temple; but, as the levites had no right to enter the temple, the priests carried all the dirt and rubbish to the porch, whence they were collected by the Levites, carried away, and cast into the brook Kidron: in this work, eight more days were occupied; and thus the temple was purified in sixteen days. 19766-900902-2246-2Ch29.17 19767-900902-2247-2Ch29.18 19768-900902-2249-2Ch29.19 pollute.' with abhorrence. 19769-900902-2249-2Ch29.20 19770-900902-2256-2Ch29.21 The law only required one bullock for the sins of the high priest, another for the sins of the people, and one he-goat for the sins of the prince: but Hezekiah offered many more, and the reason appears sufficiently evident: the law only speaks of the sins of ignorance, but here there were sins of every dye, idolatry, apostasy from the Divine worship, profanation of the temple, etc. The sin offerings, we are informed, were offered, first, for the Kingdom, for the transgressions of the king and his family; secondly, for the sanctuary, which had been defiled and polluted; and for the priests, who had been profane, negligent, and unholy; and finally, for Judah, for the whole mass of the people, who had been led away into every kind of abomination by the above examples. 19771-900902-2256-2Ch29.22 19772-900902-2257-2Ch29.23 19773-900902-2258-2Ch29.24 19774-900902-2300-2Ch29.25 hand of his prophets. 19775-900902-2301-2Ch29.26 19776-900902-2302-2Ch29.27 19777-900902-2303-2Ch29.28 19778-900902-2303-2Ch29.29 19779-900902-2304-2Ch29.30 19780-900902-2307-2Ch29.31 As the burnt offerings were wholly consumed on the altar, the offering of them evinced greater zeal and liberality than the oblation of peace offerings, the greater part of which was eaten by the officer and his friends. 19781-900902-2308-2Ch29.32 comparing the sacrifices offered on this occasion with those of Solomon at the dedication of the temple, we may form some idea of the decrease of the prosperity and riches of Judah, or of the decline of the general spirit of piety. 19782-900902-2309-2Ch29.33 It is probable that the consecrated things denote the peace offerings and thank offerings. 19783-900902-2312-2Ch29.34 Peace offerings, and such like, the Levites might flay and dress; but the whole burnt offerings could only be touched by the priests, except in a case of necessity, such as the present. 19784-900902-2314-2Ch29.35 19785-900902-2317-2Ch29.36 Both Hezekiah and the people rejoiced, that God had prepared the hearts of the people to bring about so great and glorious a reformation in so short a time. This good king's example and influence were here, as in many other cases, under God, the grand spring of all those mighty movements. 19786-900903-0900-2Ch30.1 Judah and Israel. 13-26 The assembly, having destroyed the altars of idolatry, keep the feast fourteen days 27 The priests and Levites bless the people 19787-900903-0907-2Ch30.2 In Ijar, as they could not celebrate in Nisan, the 14th of which month was the proper time. But Hezekiah and his counsellors justly concluded, that the regulation of the 14th day of the second month, which had been made for individuals who were hindered from eating the passover at the appointed season, might in their present circumstances be extended to the people at large. 19788-900903-0907-2Ch30.3 19789-900903-0908-2Ch30.4 19790-900903-0909-2Ch30.5 19791-900903-0913-2Ch30.6 as the running footmen, who were formerly, before the establishment of posts, and still are in some places, trained, and kept on purpose to convey dispatches speedily by running. 19792-900903-0913-2Ch30.7 19793-900903-0916-2Ch30.8 19794-900903-0919-2Ch30.9 19795-900903-0920-2Ch30.10 19796-900903-0925-2Ch30.11 It has been said, that Hezekiah had no right to invite Hoshea's subjects to repair to Jerusalem to his passover; but it may be presumed, that he was encouraged to do this by Hoshea himself, who was one of their best kings; besides which, both the golden calves having been taken away by the Assyrians, the apostate Israelites, being thus deprived of idols, had begun to return to the Lord, and to go up to Jerusalem to worship, some time before Hezekiah gave them this invitation 19797-900903-0926-2Ch30.12 19798-900903-0927-2Ch30.13 19799-900903-0927-2Ch30.14 19800-900903-0928-2Ch30.15 19801-900903-0929-2Ch30.16 19802-900903-0930-2Ch30.17 19803-900903-0932-2Ch30.18 19804-900903-0933-2Ch30.19 19805-900903-0934-2Ch30.20 19806-900903-0936-2Ch30.21 19807-900903-0938-2Ch30.22 19808-900903-0940-2Ch30.23 They did not observe other seven days of unleavened bread, but offered sacrifices with praise and thanksgiving, and feasting, other seven days; and, as the people in general, and especially those who came out of the kingdom of Israel, would be unprepared for this additional expense, both Hezekiah and his princes liberally supplied them with cattle for sacrifices. 19809-900903-0941-2Ch30.24 19810-900903-0942-2Ch30.25 19811-900903-0942-2Ch30.26 19812-900903-0943-2Ch30.27 19813-900903-0948-2Ch31.1 2-4 Hezekiah orders the courses of the priests and Levites, and provides for their work and maintenance 5-10 The people's forwardness in offerings and tithes 11-19 Hezekiah appoints officers to dispose of the tithes 20,21 The sincerity of Hezekiah 19814-900903-1032-2Ch31.2 Yehowah, `within the gates of the camps of Jehovah;' which comprehended the whole of the buildings that surrounded the temple, in which the priests and Levites were stationed, and which resembled military encampments. 19815-900903-1035-2Ch31.3 19816-900903-1036-2Ch31.4 19817-900903-1044-2Ch31.5 The word {devash} generally denotes the {honey} produced by bees; but as we have already observed (Ge 43.11) the Jewish doctors are of opinion that it here signifies dates, of the fruit of the palmtree; which the Arabians call daboos, and the honey produced from them, dibs. `This liquor,' says Dr. Shaw, `which has a more luscious sweetness than honey, is of the consistence of a thin syrup, but quickly grows tart and ropy, acquiring an intoxicating quality, and giving by distillation an agreeable spirit, or araky, according to the general name of these people for all hot liquors, extracted by the alembic.' Though Jehovah forbad any devash, or honey, to offered to him upon the altar, yet it appears it might be presented as first-fruits, or in the way of tithes, which were designed for the sustenance of the priests. 19818-900903-1045-2Ch31.6 19819-900903-1045-2Ch31.7 19820-900903-1047-2Ch31.8 19822-900903-1049-2Ch31.10 19823-900903-1049-2Ch31.11 19824-900903-1050-2Ch31.12 19825-900903-1051-2Ch31.13 19826-900903-1052-2Ch31.14 19827-900903-1054-2Ch31.15 Instead of Miniamin, Benjamin is the reading of three MSS., and of the Syriac, Arabic, LXX, and Vulgate. 19828-900903-1055-2Ch31.16 19829-900903-1057-2Ch31.17 19830-900903-1057-2Ch31.18 19831-900903-1058-2Ch31.19 19832-900903-1059-2Ch31.20 19833-900903-1100-2Ch31.21 19834-900903-1106-2Ch32.1 encourages his people 9-20 Against the blasphemies of Sennarchib, Hezekiah and Isaiah pray 21-23 An angel destroys the host of the Assyrians 24 Hezekiah praying in his sickness, God gives him a sign of recovery 25,26 He waxing proud, is humbled by God 27-30 His wealth and works 31 His error in the ambassage of Babylon 32,33 He dying, Manasseh succeeds him 19835-900903-1107-2Ch32.2 19836-900903-1108-2Ch32.3 19837-900903-1112-2Ch32.4 This was prudently done; for, without water, how could an immense army subsist in ar arid country? No doubt the Assyrian army suffered much through this; as a Christian army did, through the same cause, 1800 years afterwards. The Septuagint, Syriac, and Arabic read king, in the singular number. 19838-900903-1114-2Ch32.5 19839-900903-1115-2Ch32.6 19840-900903-1116-2Ch32.7 19841-900903-1118-2Ch32.8 19842-900903-1119-2Ch32.9 19843-900903-1120-2Ch32.10 19844-900903-1121-2Ch32.11 19845-900903-1126-2Ch32.12 This was artfully malicious: many of the people had sacrificed to Jehovah on {high places} (Ch. 31.1;) and Hezekiah had removed them, as incentives to idolatry. Hence Rabshakeh insinuates that by so doing he had offended Jehovah, deprived the people of their religious rights, and that, consequently, he could neither expect the blessing of God, nor the cooperation of the people. 19846-900903-1128-2Ch32.13 19847-900903-1129-2Ch32.14 19848-900903-1130-2Ch32.15 19849-900903-1131-2Ch32.16 19850-900903-1132-2Ch32.17 19851-900903-1132-2Ch32.18 19852-900903-1134-2Ch32.19 19853-900903-1135-2Ch32.20 19854-900903-1144-2Ch32.21 19855-900903-1145-2Ch32.22 19856-900903-1147-2Ch32.23 19857-900903-1148-2Ch32.24 3 2ki 20.4-11 is 38.4-8,21,22 19858-900903-1150-2Ch32.25 19859-900903-1152-2Ch32.26 19860-900903-1154-2Ch32.27 19861-900903-1154-2Ch32.28 19862-900903-1156-2Ch32.29 19863-900903-1159-2Ch32.30 Or, `Hezekiah stopped the upper going out (motza, i.e., the egress into the open air,) of the waters of Gihon, and brought them underneath, (lemattah, by a subterraneous course.) to the west of the city of David:' See Note on 1ki 1.45 19864-900903-1201-2Ch32.31 19865-900903-1204-2Ch32.32 19866-900903-1205-2Ch32.33 19867-900903-1209-2Ch33.1 3-10 He sets up idolatry, and will not be admonished 11 He is carried into Babylon 12-17 Upon his prayer to God he is released and puts down idolatry 18,19 His acts 20 He dying, Amon succeeds him 21-24 who is slain by his servants 25 The murderers being slain, Josiah succeeds him 19868-900903-1211-2Ch33.2 19869-900903-1213-2Ch33.3 19870-900903-1214-2Ch33.4 19871-900903-1215-2Ch33.5 19872-900903-1217-2Ch33.6 19873-900903-1222-2Ch33.7 The Targumist says, `He set up an image, the likeness of himself, in the house of the sanctuary.' In the parallel passage it is, `a graven image of the grove,' or rather, Asherah or Astarte. Manasseh, as Bp Patrick observes, seems to have studied to find out what God had forbidden in his law, that he might practice it: a most prodigious change from the height of piety in his father's time, into the sink of impiety in this! 19874-900903-1223-2Ch33.8 19875-900903-1227-2Ch33.9 19876-900903-1227-2Ch33.10 19877-900903-1231-2Ch33.11 The word bachochim may possibly her signify with fetters or chains as the kindred word chachim denotes 19878-900903-1233-2Ch33.12 19879-900903-1235-2Ch33.13 19880-900903-1314-2Ch33.14 19881-900903-1315-2Ch33.15 19882-900903-1316-2Ch33.16 19883-900903-1317-2Ch33.17 19884-900903-1319-2Ch33.18 19885-900903-1325-2Ch33.19 So the Targum and Vulgate: the Syraic has {Hanum the Prophet}; and the Arabic, Saphan the prophet. This record is totally lost, for the captivity and repentance are related no where else; and the prayer of Manasseh in the Apocrypha was probably composed long afterwards: it is not acknowledged as canonical even by the Romish church, though it was anciently used as a form of confession, and as such still received by the Greek church. 19886-900903-1326-2Ch33.20 19887-900903-1327-2Ch33.21 19888-900903-1332-2Ch33.22 Amon's conduct is recorded as like his father Manasseh, in sacrificing to graven images; by which some think it is an evidence that Manasseh did not truly repent, but they forget how many good kings had wicked sons. In one point of view Manasseh was defective, although it cannot be supposed that it affected his eternal state; for when he cast out the images, he did not utterly deface and destroy them, according to the law in De 7.5, which required, moreover, that the graven images should be burnt with fire. How necessary that law was, this instance shews; for the carved images being only thrown aside, and not burnt, Amon knew where to find them, soon set them up, and sacrificed to them. 19889-900903-1333-2Ch33.23 19890-900903-1335-2Ch33.24 19891-900903-1335-2Ch33.25 19892-900903-1340-2Ch34.1 3-7 He destroys idolatry 8-13 He takes order for the repair of the temple 14-22 Hilkiah, having found a book of the law, Josiah sends to Huldah to enquire of the Lord 23-28 Huldah prophesies the destruction of Jerusalem, but respite thereof in Josiah's time 29-33 Josiah, causing it to be read in a solemn assembly, renews the covenant with God 19893-900903-1341-2Ch34.2 19894-900903-1344-2Ch34.3 19895-900903-1345-2Ch34.4 19896-900903-1346-2Ch34.5 19897-900903-1347-2Ch34.6 19898-900903-1348-2Ch34.7 19899-900903-1349-2Ch34.8 19900-900903-1353-2Ch34.9 Instead of {wyyashuvoo}, `and they returned,' as the {Keri} has, we should, with the {Kethiv}, read {weyoshevey,} `and the inhabitants of;' a reading which is supported by many MSS,; printed editions, and all the versions, as well as necessity and common sense. 19901-900903-1353-2Ch34.10 19902-900903-1354-2Ch34.11 19903-900903-1355-2Ch34.12 The verb {skill} is now obsolete: the meaning is, `every one who is skillful, maiveen, on instruments of music.' 19904-900903-1357-2Ch34.13 19905-900903-1401-2Ch34.14 Literally, `a book of the law of the Lord, by the hand of Moses, ' i.e, as Dr. Kennicott understands it, `in the handwriting of Moses;' for, says he, though there are fifteen places in the Old Testament which mention the `Law of Moses,' and `book of Moses,' yet this one place only mentions `the book of the law in, or by, the hand of Moses.' 19907-900903-1402-2Ch34.16 19908-900903-1403-2Ch34.17 19909-900903-1404-2Ch34.18 19910-900903-1404-2Ch34.19 19911-900903-1408-2Ch34.20 This person seems to have borne both the name of Achbor and Abdon. () Micah, merely by the omission of () {yah}, one of the Divine names. This variation only exists in the translation; the original being uniformly Asaiah, or rather, Asayah 19912-900903-1411-2Ch34.21 19913-900903-1414-2Ch34.22 Hasrah is most probably a mistake for Harhas; as the Septuagint reads, both here and in the parallel place. was either the name of a street, or a particular part of the city of Jerusalem. 19914-900903-1414-2Ch34.23 19915-900903-1416-2Ch34.24 19916-900903-1417-2Ch34.25 19917-900903-1417-2Ch34.26 19918-900903-1421-2Ch34.27 `Because,' says the Targumist, `thy heart was melted, and thou hast humbled thyself in the sight of the word of the Lord, meymra dyya, when thou didst hear His words, yath pithgamoi, against this place.' Here meymra, the personal word, is plainly distinguished from pithgam, a word spoken. 19919-900903-1422-2Ch34.28 19920-900903-1423-2Ch34.29 19921-900903-1426-2Ch34.30 19922-900903-1432-2Ch34.31 Instead of al omdo, `in his place,' the parallel passage 2ki 23. 3 has al haammood, `by the pillar;' which is probably the true reading, as the LXX in both places read (), `the pillar' This was expressed, 1. In general, To walk after Jehovah; to have no gods beside him. 2. To take this law for the regulation of their conduct. 3. In particular, To bend their whole heart and soul to the performance of it; so that they might not only have religion without, but piety within. 19923-900903-1433-2Ch34.32 19924-900903-1434-2Ch34.33 19925-900903-1444-2Ch35.1 20-24 He provoking Pharaoh-necho, is slain at Megiddo 25-27 Lamentations for Josiah The whole solemnity was performed with great exactness according to the law, and upon this account there was none like it since Samuel's time; for even in Hezekiah's passover there were several irregularities. Bp. Patrick observes, that in this also it exceeded the other passovers which preceding hings had kept, that though Josiah was by no means so rich as David, or Solomon, of Jehosaphat, yet he furnished the congregation with beasts for sacrifice, both paschal and euccharistical, at his own proper cost and charge, which was more than any king ever did before. at 2ki 23.21 is very particularly related her, while the destruction of idolatry is largely related in the Kings, and here only touched upon. The feasts of the Lord God, appointed by the ceremonial law, were very numerous; but the passover was the chief. It was the first which was solemnized in the night wherein Israel came out of Egypt, and ushered in those which were afterwards instituted: and it was the last great feast which was held in the night wherein Christ was betrayed, before the vail of the temple was rent in twain. Be means of this feast, both Josiah and Hezekiah revived religion in their day. 19926-900903-1557-2Ch35.2 19927-900903-1558-2Ch35.3 19928-900903-1603-2Ch35.4 The regulations formed by David, and established by Solomon, concerning the courses of the priests and Levites, were committed to writing, and preserved, for them to refer to continually. Josiah, as well as Hezekiah, required the priests and levites to attend to their several duties, and encouraged them therein, but he neither added, altered, not retrenched anything: he merely enforced what had been established in the law, and in the regulations made by David and the contemporary prophets: ` the commandment of the king...was by the word of the Lord.' 19929-900903-1604-2Ch35.5 19930-900903-1605-2Ch35.6 19931-900903-1608-2Ch35.7 According to the calculation, that not fewer than ten, nor more than twenty persons, were to join for one kid or lamb, the numbers given on this occasion would suffice for above 400,000 persons. 19932-900903-1610-2Ch35.8 19933-900903-1610-2Ch35.9 19934-900903-1611-2Ch35.10 19935-900903-1612-2Ch35.11 19936-900903-1612-2Ch35.12 19937-900903-1614-2Ch35.13 19938-900903-1614-2Ch35.14 19939-900903-1616-2Ch35.15 19941-900903-1618-2Ch35.17 19942-900903-1620-2Ch35.18 present, more literally or exactly consecrated, according to the law, or more religiously observed. The words do not refer to the number present, but to the manner and spirit. 19944-900903-1622-2Ch35.20 Pharaoh, the lame, says the Targumist 19945-900903-1623-2Ch35.21 19946-900903-1633-2Ch35.22 Josiah's conduct in this affair has been treated with great severity; and he has been charged with engaging rashly in an unjust war, and disregarding the express command of God. But Scripture no where condemns him; and Pharaoh, in marching through Josiah's territories, against his will, certainly committed an act of hostility. It is evident that Josiah was in possession of the whole land of Israel (ch 26.6); and probably he held the northern parts of it as a grant from the king of Babylon; and was not only in alliance with him, but bound to guard his frontiers against hostile invaders. He may, therefore, be fairly justified from the charge of unjustly meddling in a war that did not belong him. It is true the ambassadors assured Josiah, that `God had commanded Pharaoh to make haste;' and he is therefore said not to have hearkened to the words of necho, from the mouth of God.' But Necho produced no proof that he was a prophet of Jehovah; and the word he employed, elohim, may denote gods or idols; and critics have noticed that that the expression, `from the mouth of God,' is not use when the true God is meant. 19947-900903-1634-2Ch35.23 19948-900903-1635-2Ch35.24 19949-900903-1636-2Ch35.25 19950-900903-1636-2Ch35.26 19951-900903-1637-2Ch35.27 19952-900903-1642-2Ch36.1 into Egypt 5-8 Jehoikim reigning ill, is carried bound into Babylon 9,10 Jehoiachin succeeding, reigns ill, and is brought into Babylon 11-13 Zedekiah succeeding, reigns ill, despite the prophets, and rebels against Nebuchadnezzar 14-21 Jerusalem, for the sins of the priests and the people, is wholly destroyed 22,23 The proclamation of Cyrus 19954-900903-1643-2Ch36.3 19955-900903-1644-2Ch36.4 19956-900903-1645-2Ch36.5 19957-900903-1646-2Ch36.6 19958-900903-1647-2Ch36.7 19959-900903-1649-2Ch36.8 19960-900903-1650-2Ch36.9 The Syriac, Arabic, and the parallel place, (on which see the note,) have `eighteen years;' which, as Scaliger observes, is no doubt the genuine reading. 19961-900903-1652-2Ch36.10 19962-900903-1653-2Ch36.11 19963-900903-1655-2Ch36.12 19964-900903-1657-2Ch36.13 19965-900903-1658-2Ch36.14 19966-900903-1700-2Ch36.15 19967-900903-1703-2Ch36.16 19968-900903-1705-2Ch36.17 19969-900903-1707-2Ch36.18 19970-900903-1708-2Ch36.19 19971-900903-1709-2Ch36.20 19972-900903-1710-2Ch36.21 19973-900903-1715-2Ch36.22 They look back to the prophecy of Jeremiah, and show how that was accomplished; and they look forward to the history of Ezra, which begins with a repetition of these two last verses. 19974-900903-1716-2Ch36.23 19975-900524-2137 -Ezr1.1 1 The proclamation of Cyrus for the building of the temple 5 The people provide for their return 7 Cyrus restores the vessels of the temple to Sheshbazzar (Cyrus is said to have been the son of Cambyses, king of Persia, and Mandane, daughter of Astyages, king of Media: he was born about 600 years before Christ, and died at the age of 70, after a reign of 30 years. He was mentioned by name, and his conquests foretold, by the prophet Isaiah, about a century before his birth. Josephus states the partiality he evinced towards the Jews, arose from the circumstance of these prophecies being shewn him, probably by Daniel.) 19976-900524-2144 -Ezr1.2 (According to the testimony of ancient writers, Cyrus, at this time, reigned over the Medes, Persians, Hyrcanians, Syrians, Assyrians, Indians, etc., and all lesser Asia.) 19977-900524-2146 -Ezr1.3 19978-900524-2154 -Ezr1.4 19979-900524-2156 -Ezr1.5 19980-900525-1907 -Ezr1.6 19981-900525-1912 -Ezr1.7 19982-900525-1915 -Ezr1.8 19983-900525-1917 -Ezr1.9 19985-900525-1944 -Ezr1.11 (Instead of 5400, the enumeration of the articles in ver. 9, 10, only amounts to 2499; but in the account, Esdras 2.13, 14, the amount is 5469, as will be evident from the following statements: In Ezra. In Esdras. Gold chargers..... 30 Gold cups......... 1000 Silver ditto...... 1000 Silver cups....... 1000 Knives............ 29 Silver censers.... 29 Gold basons....... 30 Gold vials........ 30 Silver ditto...... 410 Silver vials...... 2410 Other vessels..... 1000 Other vessels..... 1000 ____ ____ Said to be........ 5400 Total............. 5469 But only.......... 2499 ____ ____ Deficiency........ 2901 Surplus........... 69 It is supposed that they actually amounted to 5400, but that only the chief of them were specified, the spoons, etc. being omitted.) 19986-900525-2000 -Ezr2.1 1 The number that return of the people 36 of the priests 40 of the Levites 43 of the Nethinims 55 of Solomon's servants 61 of the priests who could not shew their pedigree 64 The whole number of them, with their substance 68 Their oblations 19987-900525-2014 -Ezr2.2 19988-900525-2027 -Ezr2.3 (The word children, in this table, when prefixed to the name of a man, signifies the descendants of that person, as from ver. 3-21; and when prefixed to the name of a town, place, etc., it signifies the inhabitants of that place, as from ver. 21-25.) 19989-900525-2029 -Ezr2.4 19990-900525-2043 -Ezr2.5 19991-900525-2041 -Ezr2.6 19992-900525-2044 -Ezr2.7 19993-900525-2045 -Ezr2.8 19994-900525-2048 -Ezr2.9 19995-900525-2059 -Ezr2.10 (The variation of Bani, and Binnui, arises from the elision of, wav: but the LXX. have here Bavovi, as in the parallel place.) 19996-900528-2058 -Ezr2.11 19997-900528-2059 -Ezr2.12 19998-900528-2100 -Ezr2.13 19999-900529-0926 -Ezr2.14 20000-900529-0927 -Ezr2.15 20001-900529-0928 -Ezr2.16 20002-900529-0929 -Ezr2.17 20003-900529-0929 -Ezr2.18 20004-900529-0931 -Ezr2.19 20005-900529-0932 -Ezr2.20 20006-900529-0932 -Ezr2.21 20007-900529-0934 -Ezr2.22 20008-900529-0935 -Ezr2.23 20009-900529-0936 -Ezr2.24 20010-900529-0938 -Ezr2.25 20011-900529-0939 -Ezr2.26 20012-900529-0940 -Ezr2.27 20013-900529-0941 -Ezr2.28 20014-900529-0944 -Ezr2.29 (This Nebo was probably the Nabau which Eusebius and Jerome place eight miles south from Hebron.) 20015-900529-0946 -Ezr2.30 (The children of Magbish are not named in our present copies of Nehemiah; but the Alexandrian MS. of the LXX. has the same reading as here.) 20016-900529-0947 -Ezr2.31 20017-900529-0948 -Ezr2.32 20018-900529-0952 -Ezr2.33 (Hadid is probably the Adida of Josephus, and the Maccabees, (1 Mac 12.38; 13.13,) a city situated on a hill in the plain country of Judah, and the Aditha of Eusebius, which he places near Diospolis, Lydda, or Lod.) 20019-900529-0954 -Ezr2.34 20020-900529-0954 -Ezr2.35 20021-900529-0956 -Ezr2.36 20022-900529-1301 -Ezr2.37 20023-900529-1302 -Ezr2.38 20024-900529-1303 -Ezr2.39 20025-900529-1305 -Ezr2.40 20026-900529-1307 -Ezr2.41 20027-900701-1659 -Ezr2.42 20028-900529-1312 -Ezr2.43 (This variation only exists in the translation, the original being written here Husupha, and in the parallel place defectively, Hasupha.) 20029-900529-1315 -Ezr2.44 (Sia, is merely a contraction of, Siaha, by the elision of, hay.) 20030-900529-1319 -Ezr2.45 (These variations merely arise from the mutation of, hay, into, according to the Chaldee dialect; the original, being respectively, Lebanah, and Lebana; Hagabah, and Hagaba.) 20031-900529-1321 -Ezr2.46 (Shamlai, of the Kethiv, is evidently a mistake for Shalmai, as the Keri and LXX. have.) 20034-900529-1323 -Ezr2.49 20035-900529-1324 -Ezr2.50 20037-900529-1325 -Ezr2.52 20038-900529-1326 -Ezr2.53 20040-900529-1328 -Ezr2.55 20041-900529-1329 -Ezr2.56 20042-900529-1330 -Ezr2.57 20043-900529-1332 -Ezr2.58 20044-900529-1334 -Ezr2.59 20045-900529-1338 -Ezr2.60 20046-900529-1339 -Ezr2.61 20047-900529-1947 -Ezr2.62 were polluted from the priesthood 20048-900529-1955 -Ezr2.63 (The person who held this office at this time was probably Zerubbabel. The word Tirshatha is supposed to be Persian; and if, as Castel supposes, it signifies austerity, or that fear which is impressed by the authority of a governor, it may be derived from tars, 'ear,' or tursh, 'acid, austere.') 20049-900529-2007 -Ezr2.64 (Though the sum total, both here and in Nehemiah, is equal, namely, 42,360, yet the particulars reckoned up only make 29,818 in Ezra, and 31,089 in Nehemiah; and we find that Nehemiah mentions 1765 persons who are not in Ezra, and Ezra has 494 not mentioned in Nehemiah. This last circumstance, which seems to render all hope of reconciling them impossible, Mr. Alting thinks is the very point by which they can be reconciled; for, if we add Ezra's surplus to the sum in Nehemiah, and Nehemiah's surplus to the number in Ezra, they will both amount to 31,583; which subtracted from 42,360, leaves a deficiency of 10,777, which are not named because they did not belong to the tribes of Judah and Benjamin, or to the priests, but to the other Israelitish tribes.) 20050-900529-2011 -Ezr2.65 20053-900701-1702 -Ezr2.68 20054-900529-2018 -Ezr2.69 20055-900701-1703 -Ezr2.70 20056-900529-2025 -Ezr3.1 1 The altar is set up 4 Offerings renewed 7 Workmen employed in preparing materials 8 The foundations of the temple are laid in great joy and mourning 20057-900529-2040 -Ezr3.2 (Bp. Patrick observes, that before the temple was built, there seems to have been a tabernacle pitched for Divine service, as was in David's time, not on mount Moriah, but mount Sion, to be used while the temple was building. Let us learn hence to begin with God, and to do what we can in the worship of God, when we cannot do what we would. They could not immediately have a temple, but they would not be without an altar. Wherever a Christian goes, if he carry not with him the sacrifices of prayer and praise, he is wanting in his duty; for he has an altar ever ready that sanctifies both the gift and the giver.) 20058-900529-2044 -Ezr3.3 20059-900529-2049 -Ezr3.4 in his day 20060-900529-2052 -Ezr3.5 20061-900529-2054 -Ezr3.6 Heb. the temple of the Lord was not yet founded 20062-900529-2104 -Ezr3.7 (Joppa, now Jaffa or Yaffa, one of the most ancient sea-ports in the world, is situated in a fine plain on the shore of the Mediterranean, between Jamnia south and Caesarea of Palestine north, 150 stadia from Antipatris, according to Josephus, 30 miles south of Caesarea, 12 miles north of Ashdod, 9 miles west of Ramla, and 40 miles west of Jerusalem, according to modern authorities; and in lat. 32 degrees 50' long. 65 degrees 40' according to Ptolemy. It is still a considerable town, containing about 4000 or 5000 souls, and occupying a circular eminence close to the seaside, with a citadel on the summit; the bottom of the hill being surrounded by a wall 12 or 14 feet high, and two or three feet thick. The environs are occupied by extensive gardens.) 20063-900530-1916 -Ezr3.8 20064-900530-1937 -Ezr3.9 (Not Jeshua the high-priest, before mentioned, but another Jeshua, a Levite, mentioned in the parallel passage.) (Hodaviah, is called Hodevah, by the elision of, yood, and was probably named Judah, from the word having the same signification.) 20065-900702-1021 -Ezr3.10 20066-900530-1943 -Ezr3.11 20067-900530-1948 -Ezr3.12 20068-900530-2014 -Ezr3.13 (This sight must have been very affecting; a whole people, one part weeping aloud with sorrow, the other shouting aloud for joy; and on the same occasion too, in which both sides felt an equal interest. The prophet Haggai (ch 2.1-9) comforted them on this occasion, by assuring them that the glory of this latter house should exceed that of the former, because the Lord would come to this temple, and fill it with His glory.) 20069-900531-0803 -Ezr4.1 1 The adversaries, being not accepted in the building of the temple with the Jews, endeavour to hinder it 7 Their letter to Artaxerxes 17 The answer and decree of Artaxerxes 23 The building is hindered (These were the Samaritans, the descendants of the various nations with which the kings of Assyria had peopled Israel, when they had carried the original inhabitants captive.) 20070-900531-0811 -Ezr4.2 20071-900531-0815 -Ezr4.3 20072-900531-0817 -Ezr4.4 20073-900702-1033 -Ezr4.5 20074-900531-1217 -Ezr4.6 (This was Cambyses, son of Cyrus, who succeeded his father, A.M. 3475, and reigned seven years and five months.) 20075-900531-1640 -Ezr4.7 (This Artaxerxes was one of the Magi, who usurped the throne after the death of Cambyses, for seven months, feigning himself to be Smerdis, brother of Cambyses: he is called Oropoestus by Justin, Smerdis by Herodotus, Mardus by AEschylus, and Sphendatates by Ctesias.) (That is, probably, both the language and character were Syrian or Chaldaic; and therefore, from the 8th verse of this chapter, to ch. 7.27, the original is not Hebrew, but Chaldee, in those parts which consist of letters, decrees, etc., originally written in that language.) 20076-900531-1644 -Ezr4.8 20077-900531-1650 -Ezr4.9 20078-900531-1705 -Ezr4.10 20080-900531-2027 -Ezr4.12 20081-900531-2031 -Ezr4.13 20082-900531-2043 -Ezr4.14 palace (Salt is reckoned among the principal necessaries of life, (Ecclus. 39.26 or 31;) hence, by a very natural figure, salt is used for food or maintenance in general. I am well informed, says Mr. Parkhurst, that it is a common expression of the natives in the East Indies, 'I eat such a one's salt,' meaning, I am fed by him. Salt was also, as it still is, among eastern nations, a symbol of friendship and hospitality; and hence, to eat a man's salt, is to be bound to him by the ties of friendship.) 20083-900531-2052 -Ezr4.15 for which 20084-900531-2054 -Ezr4.16 20085-900531-2056 -Ezr4.17 20087-900531-2058 -Ezr4.19 20088-900601-1315 -Ezr4.20 20089-900601-1316 -Ezr4.21 20090-900601-1317 -Ezr4.22 20091-900601-1319 -Ezr4.23 20092-900601-1323 -Ezr4.24 (This was Darius Hystaspes, one of the seven princes who slew the usurper Smerdis: he ascended the throne of Persia, A.M. 3483, B.C. 521, and reigned 36 years.) 20093-900601-2020 -Ezr5.1 1 Zerubbabel and Jeshua, incited by Haggai and Zechariah, set forward the building of the temple 3 Tatnai and Shethar-boznai are not able to hinder the Jews 6 Their letter to Darius against the Jews (These are the same Haggai and Zechariah, whose writings we have among the twelve minor prophets; and, as a great part of them refer to the events here recorded, the reader will find it very profitable to compare them with the history.) (That is, 'the grandson of Iddo;' for Zechariah was the son of Berechiah, the son of Iddo.) 20094-900601-2033 -Ezr5.2 20095-900601-2038 -Ezr5.3 (Tatnai was governor of the provinces which belonged to the Persian empire west of the Euphrates, comprehending Syria, Arabia Deserta, Phoenicia, and Samaria. He seems to have been a mild and judicious man, and to have adcted with great prudence and caution, and without any passion or prejudice.) 20096-900601-2044 -Ezr5.4 20097-900601-2047 -Ezr5.5 20098-900601-2050 -Ezr5.6 20099-900601-2052 -Ezr5.7 20100-900601-2056 -Ezr5.8 20101-900602-1100 -Ezr5.9 20102-900602-1101 -Ezr5.10 20103-900602-1108 -Ezr5.11 20104-900602-1128 -Ezr5.12 20105-900602-1132 -Ezr5.13 20106-900602-1137 -Ezr5.14 20107-900602-1139 -Ezr5.15 20108-900603-1902 -Ezr5.16 20109-900603-1905 -Ezr5.17 20110-900603-1913 -Ezr6.1 1 Darius, finding the decree of Cyrus, makes a new decree for the advancement of the building 13 By the help of Tatnai and Shethar-boznai, according to the decree, the temple is finished 16 The feast of the dedication is kept 19 and the passover 20111-900603-1948 -Ezr6.2 (Probably from the Persian, kham, 'a house for a summer residence,' with a prefix, aleph, and the Chaldee termination, tha, most likely denotes Ecbatana, as the Vulgate and Josephus read, the summer residence of the Persian monarchs. It was situated in a mountainous region at the foot of mount Orontes, or Jasonius, according to Ammianus, on the southern confines of Media and Persia, and according to Pliny, 750 miles from Seleucia the Great, 20 miles from the Caspian passes, 450 miles from Susa, and the same from Gazae Atropatene, and in lat. 37 deg. 45 min., long. 88 deg., according to Ptolemy. The building of the city is ascribed to Semiramis by Diodorus, but to Deioces by Eusebius, (in Chron. 1.1,) and Herodotus, who states that it was surrounded by seven walls, strong and ample, built in circles one within another, rising each above each by the height of their respective battlements; each being distinguished by a different colour, the first white, the second black, the third purple, the fourth blue, the fifth orange, the sixth plated with silver, and the seventh with gold. The largest of these was nearly the extent of Athens, i.e. 200 furlongs, according to Dion Chrysostom; but Diodorus Siculus states the circumference of Ecbatana to be 250 furlongs. Within the inner circle stood the king's palace and the royal treasury, so much celebrated for its splendour and riches by Polybius. It is highly probable, as D'Anville and Major Rennel suppose, that the present Hamadan, whose ruins attest its former splendour, occupies the site of Ecbatana. It is situated in Al Gebal, at the foot of the lofty mountain Alwend, about 80 leagues from Ispahan, and also from Bagdad.) 20112-900603-1954 -Ezr6.3 20113-900603-2029 -Ezr6.4 20114-900603-2028 -Ezr6.5 20115-900604-0922 -Ezr6.6 20116-900604-0923 -Ezr6.7 20117-900604-0926 -Ezr6.8 20118-900604-0930 -Ezr6.9 20119-900604-0934 -Ezr6.10 20120-900604-0937 -Ezr6.11 20121-900604-0944 -Ezr6.12 20122-900604-0946 -Ezr6.13 20123-900604-0957 -Ezr6.14 (This was Artaxerxes, the third son and successor of Xerxes, surnamed Longimanus, or in Persian, Ardsheer deeraz dest, 'Ardsheer the long-handed;' so called, according to the Greeks, from the extra-ordinary length of his hands, but according to the Easterns, from the extent of his dominions. He ascended the Persian throne, A.M. 3540, B.C. 464, and reigned forty-one years. He is said to have been the most handsome person of his age, and to have been a prince of a very mild and generous disposition.) 20124-900604-2007 -Ezr6.15 20125-900604-2024 -Ezr6.16 See on (Having set up the worship of God in this dedication, they took care to keep it up, and made the book of Moses their rule, to which they had an eye in this establishment. Though the temple service could not now be performed with so much pomp and plenty as formerly, because of their poverty, yet no doubt it was performed with as much purity and close adherence to the Divine institutions as ever. No beauty is like the beauty of holiness.) 20126-900604-2036 -Ezr6.17 (Though the tribes of Benjamin and Judah, with the priests and Levites, formed the bulk of the people, yet many from the other tribes had returned with them from captivity.) 20127-900604-2043 -Ezr6.18 20128-900604-2049 -Ezr6.19 20129-900604-2056 -Ezr6.20 20130-900604-2100 -Ezr6.21 20131-900604-2109 -Ezr6.22 (Darius, as reigning over the country of Assyria, is here called 'the king of Assyria.') 20132-900605-1255 -Ezr7.1 1 Ezra goes up to Jerusalem 11 The gracious commission of Artaxerxes to Ezra 27 Ezra blesses God for this favour 20133-900605-1259 -Ezr7.2 20136-900605-1307 -Ezr7.5 20137-900605-1324 -Ezr7.6 (Sopher mahir does not merely signify a speedy writer, or an excellent penman, but one eminently skilful in expounding the law, sophro chochmo, 'a wise scribe,' as the Syriac renders.) 20138-900605-2043 -Ezr7.7 20140-900605-2047 -Ezr7.9 according to 20141-900605-2054 -Ezr7.10 20142-900605-2058 -Ezr7.11 20143-900605-2112 -Ezr7.12 (The title of the king would, in Persian, run thus: Ardsheer shahinshah, or padshah, 'Ardsheer, king of kings,' i.e. great or supreme king or emperor.) the law of the God of heaven, peace, etc. and at such a time 20144-900605-2117 -Ezr7.13 20145-900605-2132 -Ezr7.14 (Seven princes of Persia having conspired against and slain the usurper Smerdis, and thus made way for the family of Darius, which afterwards filled the throne, the Persian kings of this race had always seven chief princes as their counsellors, who possessed peculiar privileges, were his chief assistants in the government, and by whose advice all the public affairs of the empire were transacted. The names of these counsellors are given in the parallel place of the book of Esther.) 20146-900606-0943 -Ezr7.15 20147-900606-0949 -Ezr7.16 20148-900606-0956 -Ezr7.17 20149-900606-1001 -Ezr7.18 (He gave them the fullest liberty to order every thing according to their own institutions; binding them to no form or mode of worship.) 20150-900606-1003 -Ezr7.19 20151-900606-1008 -Ezr7.20 20152-900606-1022 -Ezr7.21 20153-900606-1025 -Ezr7.22 20154-900609-1257 -Ezr7.23 (As Artaxerxes believed he was appointed by the Almighty to do this work, he therefore wished to do it heartily; knowing that if he did not, God would be displeased, and that the kingdom would be cut off from him or his posterity.) 20155-900609-1258 -Ezr7.24 20156-900609-1305 -Ezr7.25 (That is, 'west of the Euphrates,' which was beyond with regard to the king of Persia, who was on the east.) 20157-900609-1311 -Ezr7.26 20158-900610-0940 -Ezr7.27 (There is a most amiable spirit of piety in these reflections. Instead of expatiating on the praises of his munificent patron, or boasting of his own services, he blesses God for 'putting such a thing in the king's heart;' and for all the assistance and favour shewn him by the king and his counsellors.) 20159-900610-0945 -Ezr7.28 (In what the king decreed he saw the hand of God: he therefore gave Him the praise, and took courage.) 20160-900610-0950 -Ezr8.1 1 The companions of Ezra, who returned from Babylon 15 He sends to Iddo for ministers for the temple 21 He keeps a fast 24 He commits the treasures to the custody of the priests 31 From Ahava they come to Jerusalem 33 The treasure is weighed in the temple 36 The commission is delivered 20161-900610-0952 -Ezr8.2 20162-900610-0955 -Ezr8.3 (This variation is attributable to the translators; the original being uniformly Parosh.) 20163-900610-0956 -Ezr8.4 20165-900610-0957 -Ezr8.6 20166-900610-0958 -Ezr8.7 20167-900610-0959 -Ezr8.8 20168-900610-1000 -Ezr8.9 20170-900610-1001 -Ezr8.11 20171-900610-1003 -Ezr8.12 20172-900610-1004 -Ezr8.13 20173-900610-1005 -Ezr8.14 20174-900610-1022 -Ezr8.15 (Ahava is supposed to be the river Adiava, which, with the Diava, is said by Ammianus to have given name to Adiabene, a province of Assyria, through which they flowed into the Tigris. These rivers were also called respectively, Anzabas and Zabas, the Caprus and Lycus of Ptolemy; the former of which he places, at its source, in long. 79 deg., lat. 39 1/2 deg., and at its junction with the Tigris, in long. 79 1/2 deg., lat. 36 deg. 6'; and the latter, at its source, in long 78 deg., lat. 39 deg.; and where it falls into the Tigris, in long. 79 deg., lat. 36 1/2 deg. They are now called the Great and Little Zab, or the Zabein, i.e. the two Zabs, which, says Ibn Haukal, 'are considerable streams, each about half as large as the Dejleh (or Tigris). They rise among the mountains of Azerbaijan: of these, the larger is that which runs towards Haditheh. These streams form part of the Tigris, and water the district of Semerah.' 20175-900610-1026 -Ezr8.16 20176-900610-1031 -Ezr8.17 (Casiphia is supposed to denote the Caspian mountains, between Media and Hyrcania, near the Caspian Sea. It is evident, from a comparison of ch. 7.9 with ver. 31, that Casiphia could not be far from Ahava.) 20177-900610-1036 -Ezr8.18 20178-900610-1041 -Ezr8.19 20179-900610-1906 -Ezr8.20 20180-900610-1917 -Ezr8.21 20181-900610-1922 -Ezr8.22 20182-900610-1932 -Ezr8.23 20183-900610-1934 -Ezr8.24 20184-900610-1936 -Ezr8.25 20186-900610-1951 -Ezr8.27 (The Syriac renders, nechosho korinthyo tovo, 'good Corinthian brass;' so called from the brass found after the burning of Corinth by Lucius Mummius, which was, as is generally supposed, brass, copper, silver, and gold, melted together. Sir J. Chardin, however, in a MS. note, cited by Harmer, mentioned a factitious metal used in the East, and highly esteemed there, which might probably be of an origin as ancient as Ezra. He says, 'I have heard some Dutch gentlemen speak of a metal in the island of Sumatra, and among the Macassars, much more esteemed than gold, which royal personages alone are privileged to wear. It is a mixture, if I remember right, of gold and steel, or copper and steel.' He afterwards added, 'calmbac is the name of this metal, which is composed of gold and copper.') 20187-900610-1959 -Ezr8.28 20188-900610-2004 -Ezr8.29 20189-900610-2007 -Ezr8.30 20190-900610-2025 -Ezr8.31 (Ezra and his company had now entered upon a journey of several hundred miles through the desert, which they were nearly four months in completing, encumbered with families and possessions, and carrying large treasures with them, which would invite the attempts of the Arabian hordes, and others, that infested that neighbourhood; yet, having declared to the king, 'that the hand of God was upon all them for good that seek him, and that his power and wrath were against all them that forsook him,' (ver. 22,) he determined to travel without a guard, except that of the Almighty, being ashamed to ask any other, after his former avowed confidence in Him! Having, therefore, humbled themselves before the Lord, and besought his guidance and protection, he was intreated by them, their enemies were restrained or disabled, and they arrived unmolested at Jerusalem.) 20191-900610-2027 -Ezr8.32 20192-900610-2030 -Ezr8.33 20194-900610-2034 -Ezr8.35 20195-900610-2036 -Ezr8.36 20196-900610-2044 -Ezr9.1 1 Ezra mourns for the affinity of the people with strangers 5 He prays unto God, with confession of sins 20197-900611-1006 -Ezr9.2 20198-900611-1011 -Ezr9.3 20199-900612-1524 -Ezr9.4 20200-900612-1527 -Ezr9.5 20201-900612-1531 -Ezr9.6 20202-900612-1540 -Ezr9.7 20203-900612-1550 -Ezr9.8 20204-900612-1559 -Ezr9.9 (Or rather, a hedge or fence, gader, such as were made for sheep-folds.) 20205-900612-1602 -Ezr9.10 20206-900612-1605 -Ezr9.11 20207-900613-1319 -Ezr9.12 20208-900613-1323 -Ezr9.13 less 20209-900613-1327 -Ezr9.14 20210-900613-1332 -Ezr9.15 20211-900613-1635 -Ezr10.1 1 Ezra encouraged to reform the strange marriages 6 Ezra assembles the people 9 The people repent, and promise amendment 15 The care to perform it 18 The names of them which had married strange wives 20212-900613-1642 -Ezr10.2 (Shechaniah here speaks in the name of the people, not acknowledging himself culpable; for he is not in the following list.) 20213-900613-2053 -Ezr10.3 (Shechaniah's counsel, which he was then so clear in, will not hold now: such marriages, it is certain, are contrary to the will of God, and ought not to be made; but they are not null. Our rule under the gospel is Quod fieri non debuit, factum valet, 'That which ought not to have been done must, when done, abide.') See 20214-900614-1244 -Ezr10.4 (By the decree of Artaxerxes, Ezra was authorised to do every thing that the law of God required.) 20215-900614-1249 -Ezr10.5 20216-900614-1251 -Ezr10.6 20217-900614-1253 -Ezr10.7 20218-900614-1627 -Ezr10.8 20219-900614-1634 -Ezr10.9 (That is, some time in December, which is the coldest and most rainy time of the year in Palestine. Dr. Russel, in his account of the weather at Aleppo, which very much resembles that in Judea, says, that the natives reckon the severity of the winter, which they call marbania, to last but forty days, beginning from the 12th of December, and ending the 20th of January, and that this computation comes in fact very near the truth: and that the air during this time is excessively piercing, even to those that are just come from a cold climate.) 20220-900614-1637 -Ezr10.10 20221-900614-1645 -Ezr10.11 20222-900614-1650 -Ezr10.12 (They all resolved to do what Ezra had commanded; and they did put away their wives, even those by whom they had children, (ver. 44,) each of whom doubtless received a portion according to the circumstances of her husband, and was not turned away desolate. Humanity must have dictated this, and no law of God is contrary to humanity.) 20223-900614-1652 -Ezr10.13 greatly offended in this thing 20224-900614-1656 -Ezr10.14 this matter be dispatched 20225-900614-1658 -Ezr10.15 20226-900614-1704 -Ezr10.16 20227-900614-1708 -Ezr10.17 (The cases brought before the council were either so many, or so complicated, that, though they separated themselves from other employments, yet they were three whole months in examining into their affairs, and making the necessary separations required by the law.) 20228-900614-1712 -Ezr10.18 20229-900614-1925 -Ezr10.19 (They bound themselves in the most solemn manner to do as the rest of the delinquents had done, and make and acknowledgment to God of their iniquity, by offering each a ram for a trespass offering.) 20230-900614-1926 -Ezr10.20 20231-900614-1927 -Ezr10.21 20232-900614-1928 -Ezr10.22 20233-900615-1928 -Ezr10.23 20235-900615-1933 -Ezr10.25 (That is, as Calmet observes, simple Israelites; thus distinguished from the priests, Levites, and singers, mentioned in ver. 18, 23, 24.) 20236-900615-1935 -Ezr10.26 20237-900615-1937 -Ezr10.27 20238-900615-1938 -Ezr10.28 20239-900615-1939 -Ezr10.29 20240-900615-1940 -Ezr10.30 20241-900615-1943 -Ezr10.31 (This variation only exists in the translation, the original being uniformly Malchijah, or rather, Malkeeyah.) 20243-900615-1945 -Ezr10.33 20244-900615-1945 -Ezr10.34 20250-900615-1947 -Ezr10.40 20253-900615-1948 -Ezr10.43 20254-900615-2023 -Ezr10.44 (This observation was probably intended to shew that only a few of them had children, and also how rigorously the law was put in execution. According to a passage in Justin Martyr's Dialogue with Trypho, a Jew, Ezra offered a paschal lamb on this occasion, and addressed the people thus: 'And Ezra said to the people, This pass-over is our Saviour and our Refuge; and if ye will be persuaded of it, and let it enter into your hearts, that we are to humble to Him in a sign, and afterwards shall believe in Him, this place shall not be destroyed for ever, saith the Lord of hosts; but, if ye will not believe in Him, nor hearken to his preaching, ye shall be a laughing-stock to the Gentiles.' This was probably a marginal note added by some early Christian. (This book details the events of a very interesting period of the Sacred History, when, according to the decree of Providence, the Jewish people were to be delivered from their captivity, at the expiration of seventy years, and restored to the land of their fathers. This book informs us how the Divine goodness accomplished this most gracious design, and the movers and agents He employed on the occasion. Ezra was undoubtedly the chief agent under God in effecting this arduous work; and his zeal, piety, knowledge, and discretion, appear here in a most conspicuous point of view, and claim our utmost admiration. Descended from Seraiah, in a direct line from Aaron, he seems to have united all the requisites of a profound statesmen with the functions of the sacerdotal character. He appears to have made the Sacred Scriptures, during the captivity, his peculiar study; and, perhaps assisted by Nehemiah and the great synagogue, he corrected the errors which had crept into the Sacred Writings, through the negligence or mistake of transcribers; he collected all the books of which the Sacred Scriptures then consisted, disposed them in their proper order, and settled the canon of Scriptures for his time; he occasionally added, under the dictation of the Holy Spirit, whatever appeared necessary for the purpose of illustrating, completing, or connecting them; he substituted the modern for the ancient names of some places, which had now become obsolete; and transcribed the whole of the Scriptures into the Chaldee character. He is said to have lived to the age of 120 years, and, according to Josephus, was buried in Jerusalem; but the Jews believe he died in Persia, in a second journey to Artaxerxes, where his tomb is shewn in the city of Zamusa. Though not styled a prophet, he wrote under the Divine Spirit; and the canonical authority of his book has never been disputed. It is written with all the spirit and fidelity that could be displayed by a writer of contemporary times; and those parts which chiefly consist of letters, decrees, etc., are written in Chaldee, because it seemed more suitable to the fidelity of a sacred historian to give these official documents, as they may be termed, in the original language, especially as the people, recently returned from the captivity, were familiar, and perhaps more conversant with the Chaldee, than with the Hebrew.) 20255-900615-2033 -Ne1.1 1 Nehemiah, understanding by Hanani the misery of Jerusalem, mourns, fasts, and prays 5 His prayer (Shushan, or Susa, was the capital of Susiana, a province of Persia, and the winter residence of the Persian monarchs; situated about 252 miles east of Babylon, and the same distance south-south-east of Ecbatana, in lat. 32 deg., long. 49 deg. The circumference of its walls was about 120 stadia. Shouster is supposed to occupy its site.) 20256-900616-1339 -Ne1.2 20257-900616-1345 -Ne1.3 20258-900616-2045 -Ne1.4 20259-900616-2049 -Ne1.5 20260-900616-2055 -Ne1.6 20261-900616-2100 -Ne1.7 20262-900617-1015 -Ne1.8 20263-900617-1023 -Ne1.9 20264-900617-1026 -Ne1.10 20265-900617-1038 -Ne1.11 (The office of cup-bearer was one of great trust, honour, and emolument, in the Persian court. To be in such a place of trust he must have been in the king's confidence; for no eastern potentate would have a cup-bearer to whom he could not trust his life, poison being often administered in that way. It was an office much dessired, because it gave access to the king in those seasons of hilarity when men are most disposed to grant favours.) 20266-900617-1043 -Ne2.1 1 Artaxerxes, understanding the cause of Nehemiah's sadness, sends him with letters and commission to Jerusalem 9 Nehemiah, to the grief of the enemies, comes to Jerusalem 12 He views secretly the ruins of the walls 17 He incites the Jews to build 20267-900617-1503 -Ne2.2 (Probably the king spoke as if he had some suspicion that Nehemiah harboured some bad design, and that his face indicated some conceived treachery, or remorse; and, indeed, the words rendered sad, and sorrow of heart, might be rendered evil, and wickedness of heart.) 20268-900617-1506 -Ne2.3 (Far from wishing ill to my master, I wish him to live for ever.) 20269-900617-1508 -Ne2.4 20270-900617-1510 -Ne2.5 20271-900617-1516 -Ne2.6 (It was probably Esther who was present at this time, and who seconded Nehemiah's request.) (It is probable that this time was no more than six months, or a year; after which he either returned, or had his leave of absence lengthened, as we find he was twelve years governor of the Jews.) 20272-900617-1518 -Ne2.7 20273-900617-1531 -Ne2.8 20274-900617-1532 -Ne2.9 20275-900617-1540 -Ne2.10 20276-900617-1925 -Ne2.11 20277-900617-1932 -Ne2.12 (This pious and noble-minded man attributes every thing to God. If he purposed any good, it was because God put it into his heart; if he did or received any good, it was because the good hand of his God was upon him; if he expected any good, it was because he earnestly prayed God to remember him for good.) 20278-900617-1944 -Ne2.13 (This was the gate on the eastern side of the city, through which the filth was carried to the brook Kidron and valley of Hinnom.) 20279-900617-1948 -Ne2.14 (The gate leading either to the fountain of Siloam, on the east of the city, or to that of Gihon, on the west.) (Probably the aqueduct made by Hezekiah to bring the waters of Gihon to the city of David.) 20280-900617-1954 -Ne2.15 (The gate leading to the valley of Jehoshaphat, east of the city, through which the brook Kidron flows. It was by this gate he went out; so that he went round the whole of the city, and entered by the same gate.) 20281-900617-1955 -Ne2.16 20282-900617-1959 -Ne2.17 20283-900617-2003 -Ne2.18 20284-900617-2007 -Ne2.19 20285-900617-2023 -Ne2.20 (When Nehemiah had prayed for the relief of his countrymen, and perhaps in David's words, Ps. 51.18, he did not sit still and say, 'Let God now do his own work, for I have no more to do;' but set himself to do what he could towards it; and here we find that the people were of one heart with Nehemiah. Our prayers must be seconded with our serious endeavours, or else we mock God. Nearly four months had passed, namely, from Chisleu to Nisan (November to March), before Nehemiah made his application to the king for leave to go to Jerusalem; either because the winter was not a proper time for such a journey, and he would not make a motion till he could pursue it, or because it was so long before his month of waiting upon the king came, and there was no coming into his presence until called for. Es. 4.11. We are not thus limited to certain moments in our addresses to the King of kings, but have liberty of access to him at all times; to the throne of grace we never come unseasonably.) 20286-900617-2034 -Ne3.1 (This gate is supposed to have immediately communicated with the temple, and to have been called the sheep gate, because the sheep intended for sascrifice passed through it. But, after all which learned men have written on this subject, which is but of little interest, we scarcely know any thing about these gates: what they were, why called by these names, or in what part of the wall they were situated, beyond what may be learned from the parallel passages.) 20287-900618-1758 -Ne3.2 20288-900618-1805 -Ne3.3 20289-900618-1807 -Ne3.4 20290-900618-1810 -Ne3.5 20291-900618-1812 -Ne3.6 20292-900618-1818 -Ne3.7 (That is, probably, the palace of the Persian governor, west of the Euphrates; the term throne being used to signify any royal abode: for Sir J. Chardin, describing a splendid tent erected by the king of Persia, says 'that there was an inscription wrought upon the cornice of the anti-chamber, which gave it the appellation of the throne of the second Solomon.' Sitting upon a throne has, however, sometimes been granted to governors.) 20293-900618-1821 -Ne3.8 20294-900618-1822 -Ne3.9 20295-900618-1823 -Ne3.10 20296-900618-1825 -Ne3.11 20297-900618-1827 -Ne3.12 20298-900618-1835 -Ne3.13 (There were two towns of the name of Zanoah in the tribe of Judah: see the parallel passages.) 20299-900618-1844 -Ne3.14 (Beth-haccerem was a town of Judah, situated on a mountain, between Jerusalem and Tekoa, according to Jerome on Je. ch. 6. Dr. Pococke conjectures that the Mountain of the Franks, called also the Mount of Bethulia, from a village of that name near it, west-north-west of Tekoa, is the ancient Beth-haccerem; the position of which seems to agree with the citadel of Herodium, built by Herod, on a moderate-sized hill, sixty furlongs from Jerusalem.) 20300-900618-1855 -Ne3.15 (Siloah was situated under the eastern wall of Jerusalem, between that city and the brook Kedron, and is described by Chateaubriand as lying at the foot of Mount Zion. Dr. Richardson represents the pool of Siloam as occurring higher up the valley of Jehoshaphat, towards the north, than the well of Nehemiah, a little beyond the village of Siloa, and nearly opposite the tombs of Jehoshaphat and Zechariah.) 20301-900618-1859 -Ne3.16 20302-900618-2105 -Ne3.17 20304-900618-2107 -Ne3.19 20305-900618-2109 -Ne3.20 20306-900618-2110 -Ne3.21 20307-900618-2111 -Ne3.22 20308-900618-2113 -Ne3.23 20309-900618-2118 -Ne3.24 (That which had been left by Azariah, after he had repaired the wall by his own house. It is probable that some of the principal people were either obliged, or voluntarily offered, to repair those parts of the wall which were opposite, or adjacent, to their own houses. The names of those who repaired the walls are commemorated, because it was an undertaking of piety, virtue, and courage, to restore the holy city.) 20310-900618-2121 -Ne3.25 20311-900618-2126 -Ne3.26 the tower (The water gate is supposed to have been that by which the Nethinim brought in water for the use of the temple.) 20312-900618-2129 -Ne3.27 20313-900618-2131 -Ne3.28 20314-900618-2132 -Ne3.29 20315-900618-2133 -Ne3.30 20316-900618-2134 -Ne3.31 20317-900618-2142 -Ne3.32 (Thus the whole city was surrounded with a wall; for Eliashib began at the sheep gate.) (The word tzeraphim may denote smiths, or refiners, or persons that worked in metals of any kind; but it is generally understood of those who worked in gold. From the remotest period of the history of the Jews, they had artists in all the elegant and ornamental trades; and it appears that goldsmiths, apothecaries, and merchants were formed into companies in the time of Nehemiah.) 20318-900618-2148 -Ne4.1 1 While the enemies scoff, Nehemiah prays and continues the work 7 Understanding the wrath and secrets of the enemy, he sets a watch 13 He arms the labourers 19 and gives military precepts 20319-900619-1956 -Ne4.2 20320-900619-1959 -Ne4.3 20321-900619-2002 -Ne4.4 20322-900619-2005 -Ne4.5 20323-900619-2012 -Ne4.6 (That is, the whole circuit of the wall was completed unto half the intended height.) (The original is very emphatic, wyhee laiv leam laasoth, 'for the people had a heart to work.' Their heart was engaged in it, and they went about it cheerfully and vigorously.) 20324-900619-2020 -Ne4.7 20325-900619-2023 -Ne4.8 20326-900619-2049 -Ne4.9 20327-900619-2052 -Ne4.10 20328-900619-2054 -Ne4.11 20329-900620-1159 -Ne4.12 to us. ye shall return (Houbigant, Michaelis, and Dathe contend, that instead of tashoovoo, 'ye shall return,' we should read chalshevoo, 'they designed.' 20330-900620-1203 -Ne4.13 etc. their swords 20331-900620-1212 -Ne4.14 20332-900620-1241 -Ne4.15 20333-900620-1249 -Ne4.16 (This is no unusual thing in Palestine, even at the present day; people sowing their seed are often attended by armed men, to prevent the Arabs from robbing them of it.) (Habergeon, from the Teutonic hals, the neck, and bergen, to cover, defend, may be considered as signifying a breast-plate, though the Franco -Gallic hautbergon signifies a coat of mail; the original shiryon, we have already seen, denotes a corslet.) 20334-900620-1649 -Ne4.17 (That is, he had his arms at hand; and was as fully prepared to fight as to work. The builders could not possibly have made any progress, if they had literally held a weapon in one of their hands; but the expression is evidently figurative, implying that every man was a much a soldier as a builder.) 20335-900620-1654 -Ne4.18 20337-900620-1656 -Ne4.20 20338-900620-2021 -Ne4.21 20339-900620-2022 -Ne4.22 20340-900620-2029 -Ne4.23 (The original of this obscure clause is ish shilcho hammayim, which is rendered by Montanus, vir missile suum aquas, 'a man his dart to the waters,' of which it is difficult to make sense. It is wholly omitted by the LXX.; and one of De Rossi's MSS. reads, meshallachah al hammayim, 'in order to send them to the water.') 20341-900620-2034 -Ne5.1 1 The Jews complain of their debt, mortgage, and bondage 6 Nehemiah rebukes the usurers, and causes them to make a covenant of restitution 14 He forbears his own allowance, and keeps hospitality 20342-900620-2037 -Ne5.2 20343-900620-2038 -Ne5.3 20344-900620-2040 -Ne5.4 20345-900620-2042 -Ne5.5 20346-900620-2047 -Ne5.6 20347-900620-2053 -Ne5.7 20348-900621-1958 -Ne5.8 20349-900621-2001 -Ne5.9 20350-900621-2010 -Ne5.10 20351-900621-2014 -Ne5.11 (This was probably the rate of interest which they obliged their poor debtors to pay each month, which would amount to about 12 per cent. Another author states that this is the lowest rate of interest in Syria: the usual rate is 20; and it is sometimes as high as 30 per cent.) 20352-900621-2017 -Ne5.12 20353-900621-2034 -Ne5.13 (So 'when the Roman ambassadors entered the senate of Carthage, they had their toga gathered up in their bosom, and said, We carry here peace and war; you may have which you will. The senate answered, You may give which you please. They then shook their toga, and said, We bring you war.'- -Livy.) 20354-900621-2037 -Ne5.14 20355-900621-2042 -Ne5.15 20356-900621-2045 -Ne5.16 20357-900621-2049 -Ne5.17 (He kept open house, and entertained all comers; besides having 150 Jews, who had their food constantly at his table, and at his expense.) 20358-900621-2058 -Ne5.18 (This was food sufficient for more than two hundred men. Bp. Pococke says that the bey of Tunis had daily twelve sheep, with fish and fowls, soups, oranges, eggs, onions, boiled rice, etc., etc. His nobles dined with him; after they had done, the servants sat down; and when they had finished, the poor took what was left. Here the bey's twelve sheep are equal to Nehemiah's one ox and six choice sheep; and probably the mode of living between the two was nearly alike. It is still the practice in the East to calculate the expenses of the table, not by the money paid, but by the provisions consumed by the guests.) 20359-900621-2102 -Ne5.19 20360-900621-2107 -Ne6.1 1 Sanballat practises by craft, by rumours, and by hired prophecies, to terrify Nehemiah 15 The work is finished, to the terror of the enemies 17 Secret intelligence passes between the enemies and the nobles of Judah 20361-900622-1306 -Ne6.2 (They wished to get him out of Jerusalem, from his friends, that they might either carry him off or murder him.) 20362-900622-1309 -Ne6.3 20363-900622-1310 -Ne6.4 20364-900622-1314 -Ne6.5 (This was a gross insult to a person of Nehemiah's quality; as the letters sent to chiefs and governors in the East are always carefully folded up, put in silk bags, and then sealed.) 20365-900622-1317 -Ne6.6 20366-900623-1150 -Ne6.7 20367-900623-1153 -Ne6.8 20368-900623-1246 -Ne6.9 20369-900624-1011 -Ne6.10 20370-900624-1015 -Ne6.11 20371-900624-1020 -Ne6.12 20372-900624-1026 -Ne6.13 20373-900624-1032 -Ne6.14 20374-900624-1034 -Ne6.15 20375-900624-1036 -Ne6.16 20376-900624-1038 -Ne6.17 passing to Tobiah 20377-900624-1040 -Ne6.18 20378-900624-1042 -Ne6.19 20379-900624-1336 -Ne7.1 1 Nehemiah commits the charge of Jerusalem to Hanani and Hananiah 5 A register of the genealogy of them which came at the first out of Babylon 9 of the people 39 of the priests 43 of the Levites 46 of the Nethinims 57 of Solomon's servants 63 and of the priests which could not find their pedigree 66 The whole number of them, with their substance 70 Their oblations 20380-900624-1342 -Ne7.2 20381-900624-1350 -Ne7.3 (This is, the gates were not to be opened till sun-rise, and to be shut at sun-set; which is still the custom in many cities of the East. If a traveller arrives after sun-set, he finds the gates shut, and on no consideration will they open them till morning.) 20382-900624-1352 -Ne7.4 20383-900624-1401 -Ne7.5 (Whatever good motion is in our minds, whether prudent or pious, we must acknowledge it to come from God; for every good gift and every good work are from above; he gives knowledge, he gives grace. What is commonly called human prudence, ought to be ascribed to the direction of Divine Providence. He who teaches the husbandman discretion, Is. 28.26, as certainly over-rules the deliberations of senators.) 20384-900624-1407 -Ne7.6 20385-900624-1417 -Ne7.7 (One of Dr. Kennicott's codices has Seraiah, as in the parallel passage.) (Three MSS. in the parallel place have Nehum, and four have here Rehum.) 20386-900624-1419 -Ne7.8 20387-900624-1848 -Ne7.9 20388-900624-1849 -Ne7.10 20389-900624-1850 -Ne7.11 20390-900624-1851 -Ne7.12 20391-900624-1852 -Ne7.13 20392-900624-1853 -Ne7.14 20393-900624-1855 -Ne7.15 20394-900624-1856 -Ne7.16 20395-900624-1857 -Ne7.17 20396-900624-1858 -Ne7.18 20397-900624-1903 -Ne7.19 (One MS. of Dr. Kennicott's reads 'two thousand sixty and six;' but no doubt 'two thousand and fifty-six,' is the true reading, as in the parallel passage.) 20398-900624-1904 -Ne7.20 (One of Dr. Kennicott's codices has 'six hundred fifty and four.') 20399-900624-1905 -Ne7.21 20400-900624-1906 -Ne7.22 20401-900624-1907 -Ne7.23 20402-900624-1909 -Ne7.24 (Hariph and Jorah were probably two distinct names of this person.) 20403-900624-1911 -Ne7.25 (Gibeon is probably a mistake for Gibbar, or the contrary; though this person may have been called by both names.) 20404-900624-1915 -Ne7.26 (The Septuagint reads here the same as in the parallel place, 'The children of Bethlehem, one hundred twenty and three; the children of Netophah, fifty and six.' Though this reading is not found in any Hebrew MS. yet collated, it is doubtless the true one.) 20405-900624-1917 -Ne7.27 20406-900624-1918 -Ne7.28 20407-900624-1920 -Ne7.29 (Instead of Kirjath-arim, in the parallel place of Ezra, many MSS. read Kirjath-jearim, as here.) 20408-900624-1921 -Ne7.30 20409-900624-1926 -Ne7.31 (The variation between Michmash, and Michmas, arises from the mutation of, sheen, and, samech; though several MSS. have the former reading here also.) 20410-900624-1927 -Ne7.32 20411-900624-1930 -Ne7.33 (The Alexandrian MS. of the Septuagint adds, 'The children of Magbish and hundred fifty and six,' as in Ezr. 2.30.) 20412-900624-1931 -Ne7.34 20413-900624-1931 -Ne7.35 20414-900624-1932 -Ne7.36 20415-900624-1934 -Ne7.37 20416-900624-1936 -Ne7.38 20417-900624-1937 -Ne7.39 20418-900624-1938 -Ne7.40 20419-900624-1939 -Ne7.41 20420-900624-1940 -Ne7.42 20421-900624-1941 -Ne7.43 20422-900624-1944 -Ne7.44 (One of Dr. Kennicott's MSS. reads in the parallel place of Ezra, 'an hundred and forty and eight,' as here.) 20423-900624-1947 -Ne7.45 20424-900624-1950 -Ne7.46 20425-900624-1951 -Ne7.47 20426-900624-1958 -Ne7.48 (The Alexandrian MS. of the Septuagint inserts here, 'the children of Akoud, the children of Outa, the children of Ketar, the children of Agab,' or Hagab: see the parallel passages.) (In the parallel passage not only the Keri and Septuagint, but many of Dr. Kennicott's MSS. read Shalmai, as here. A more extensive collation of MSS. would doubtless tend still more to harmonize both the names and numbers.) 20429-900624-2000 -Ne7.51 (This variation only exists in the translation; the original being uniformly Paseah.) 20430-900625-1927 -Ne7.52 (The first of these variations is attributable to the translation, the original being uniformly, Meunim; and the latter arises from the mutation of, wav, and, yood, and insertion of, sheen, though in the parallel passage the Kethiv is, Nephisim; and here the Keri and many MSS. have, Nephishesim.) 20432-900625-1929 -Ne7.54 (Instead of Bazlith, many MSS. and the LXX. have Bazluth, as in the parallel places.) 20433-900625-1931 -Ne7.55 (Here there is no variation in the original; it being uniformly Tamah.) 20435-900625-1945 -Ne7.57 (Three MSS. have Peruda, instead of Perida, as in Ezra.) 20436-900625-1947 -Ne7.58 (The variation of, Jaalah, and, Jaala, merely arises from the mutation of, hay, into, aleph, according to the Chaldee dialect.) 20437-900625-1950 -Ne7.59 (Instead of Amon, two of De Rossi's MSS. have Amin, and the LXX. have, Emin; which nearly approaches the Ami of Ezra.) 20438-900625-1951 -Ne7.60 20439-900625-1954 -Ne7.61 (The first of these variations only exists in the translation; the original being uniformly, Tel-harsha: the latter simply arises from the insertion of a, wav; being written, Addan, in the parallel passage, and, Addon, here.) 20440-900625-1955 -Ne7.62 20441-900625-1957 -Ne7.63 20442-900625-1959 -Ne7.64 20443-900625-2003 -Ne7.65 20444-900625-2004 -Ne7.66 20445-900625-2006 -Ne7.67 20446-900625-2007 -Ne7.68 20447-900625-2018 -Ne7.69 (Here Jerome adds, in the Vulgate, Hucusque refertur quid in commentario scriptum fuerit; exin Nehemiae historia texitur: 'Thus far do the words extend which were written in the register; what follows belongs to the history of Nehemiah.' This addition is not found in the Hebrew, or any ancient version: it is also wanting in the Paris and Complutensian Polyglotts; but is found in the Editio Prima of the Vulgate. What follows, however, seems to relate to a distinct oblation from that recorded in Ezra; and was probably made after the people were registered by Nehemiah, who was the Tirshatha, or governor, at this time, as Zerubbabel had been at the first return of the Jews from captivity. Blessed be God that our faith and hope are not built upon the niceties of names and numbers, genealogy and chronology, but on the great things of the law and gospel. Whatever is given to the work of God and his cause will surely be remembered by him.) 20448-900625-2039 -Ne7.70 1 5s. basons 20449-900625-2038 -Ne7.71 (As a weight, the maneh was equal to 100 shekels; but as a coin, equal to 60 shekels, or about 9.) 20451-900625-2042 -Ne7.73 (It was for the purpose of ascertaining the different families, and consequently the different cities, villages, etc., which belonged to them, according to the ancient division of the land, that the public registers were examined.) 20452-900625-2048 -Ne8.1 1 The religious manner of reading and hearing the law 9 They comfort the people 13 The forwardness of them to hear and be instructed 16 They keep the feast of tabernacles 20453-900626-1655 -Ne8.2 20454-900626-1659 -Ne8.3 20455-900626-1705 -Ne8.4 20456-900626-1706 -Ne8.5 20457-900626-1715 -Ne8.6 20458-900626-1726 -Ne8.7 20459-900627-1554 -Ne8.8 20460-900627-1559 -Ne8.9 20461-900627-1606 -Ne8.10 20462-900627-1608 -Ne8.11 20463-900627-1612 -Ne8.12 20464-900628-1912 -Ne8.13 instruct in the words of the law 20465-900628-1919 -Ne8.14 (That is, the feast of tabernacles, which was held in the month Tisri, the seventh of the ecclesiastical year, in commemoration of the sojourning of the Israelites in the wilderness after they had been delivered from Egyptian bondage. For other particulars see the parallel passages.) 20466-900628-1922 -Ne8.15 20467-900628-1925 -Ne8.16 20468-900628-1929 -Ne8.17 20469-900628-1932 -Ne8.18 20470-900628-1942 -Ne9.1 1 A solemn fast, and repentance of the people 4 The Levites make a religious confession of God's goodness, and their wickedness (On the first of this month was the feast of trumpets; on the tenth, the day of atonement; on the fourteenth began the feast of tabernacles, which lasted seven days, ending on the twenty- second; on the twenty-third, they separated themselves from their illegitimate wives; and on the twenty-fourth, they held a solemn day of fasting and confession of sin, and reading the law; the whole of which they closed by renewing their covenants.) 20471-900628-1947 -Ne9.2 20472-900628-1948 -Ne9.3 20473-900628-1951 -Ne9.4 20474-900628-1959 -Ne9.5 20475-900628-2008 -Ne9.6 20476-900628-2011 -Ne9.7 20477-900628-2020 -Ne9.8 20478-900628-2022 -Ne9.9 20479-900628-2035 -Ne9.10 20480-900628-2040 -Ne9.11 20481-900628-2042 -Ne9.12 20482-900629-1659 -Ne9.13 20483-900629-1704 -Ne9.14 20484-900629-1711 -Ne9.15 20485-900629-1721 -Ne9.16 (There were two things to which the Israelites did not duly give heed, else they had not done as they did. The word of God they heard, but they gave no heed to God's commandments: and the works of God they saw, but were not mindful of his wonders. Had they really considered them as miracles, they would have obeyed from a principle of faith and holy fear: had they duly considered them as mercies, they would have obeyed from a principle of gratitude and holy love.) 20486-900629-1732 -Ne9.17 (Instead of bemiryam, 'in their rebellion,' seven MSS., one edition, and the LXX., have bemitzrayim, 'in Egypt:' 'appointed a captain to return to their bondage in Egypt.') 20487-900701-1634 -Ne9.18 20488-900629-2020 -Ne9.19 20489-900629-2029 -Ne9.20 20490-900629-2032 -Ne9.21 20491-900629-2037 -Ne9.22 20492-900629-2042 -Ne9.23 20493-900629-2046 -Ne9.24 20494-900629-2055 -Ne9.25 (They became effeminate, fell under the power of luxury, got totally corrupted in their manners, sinned against all the mercies of God, and then were destroyed by His judgments.) 20495-900630-1214 -Ne9.26 20496-900630-1219 -Ne9.27 20497-900630-1223 -Ne9.28 20498-900630-1257 -Ne9.29 20499-900630-1303 -Ne9.30 20500-900630-1306 -Ne9.31 20501-900630-1314 -Ne9.32 20502-900630-1319 -Ne9.33 20503-900630-1321 -Ne9.34 20504-900630-1326 -Ne9.35 (Instead of bemalkuthom, 'in their kingdom,' bemalkuthecha, 'in thy kingdom,' is the reading of two of Dr. Kennicott's MSS., LXX., Syriac, and Arabic.) 20505-900630-1327 -Ne9.36 20506-900630-1328 -Ne9.37 20507-900630-1944 -Ne9.38 20508-900630-1948 -Ne10.1 1 The names of them that sealed the covenant 29 The points of the covenant 20509-900630-1950 -Ne10.2 20510-900630-1954 -Ne10.3 (The original is uniformly Malchijah, or rather, Malkeeyah.) 20511-900630-1956 -Ne10.4 20512-900630-1957 -Ne10.5 20513-900630-1959 -Ne10.6 20514-900630-2013 -Ne10.7 (Mijamin and Miamin are the same in the original, which is a defective form of, Miniamin.) 20515-900630-2017 -Ne10.8 20516-900630-2019 -Ne10.9 20517-900630-2020 -Ne10.10 20518-900630-2022 -Ne10.11 20519-900630-2023 -Ne10.12 20521-900630-2026 -Ne10.14 (The original is uniformly Zattu.) 20522-900630-2028 -Ne10.15 20523-900630-2030 -Ne10.16 20525-900630-2044 -Ne10.18 20532-900630-2045 -Ne10.25 20535-900630-2038 -Ne10.28 20536-900630-2053 -Ne10.29 20537-900630-2055 -Ne10.30 20538-900701-1002 -Ne10.31 20539-900701-1007 -Ne10.32 (According to the law, every one above twenty years of age was to give half a shekel to the sanctuary for a ransom for their souls. But, on account of the general poverty of the people, occasioned by their wars, and captivity, and by heavy tributes, etc., in the land of their captivity, this sum was reduced to the third part of a shekel.) 20540-900701-1010 -Ne10.33 20541-900701-1018 -Ne10.34 (It was the business of the Nethinim to procure the wood for the fires of the temple: but it is probable few of them returned to their former masters after the captivity; and therefore they found it necessary to cast lots among the priests, Levites, and people, who should furnish the wood at appointed times. This bringing of the wood to the temple at last became a great day; and was constituted into a feast, called by Josephus, the carrying of the wood.) 20542-900701-1023 -Ne10.35 20543-900701-1026 -Ne10.36 20544-900701-1029 -Ne10.37 20545-900701-1034 -Ne10.38 (The tithes of all the produce of the fields were brought to the Levites; and out of these a tenth part was given to the priests, which is here called the tithe of the tithes: see the parallel passages.) 20546-900701-1036 -Ne10.39 20547-900701-1618 -Ne11.1 1 The rulers, voluntary men, and the tenth man chosen by lot, dwell at Jerusalem 3 A catalogue of their names 20 The residue dwell in other cities (Jerusalem certainly had many inhabitants at this time, but not sufficient to preserve the city, which was now encompassed with a wall, the building of which was going on fast. Nehemiah, therefore, obliged one-tenth of the country people to come and dwell in it, that the population might be sufficient for the defence of the city. Some volunteered their services, which was at that time considered a sacrifice to patriotism; as Jerusalem then afforded very few advantages, and was a place of considerable danger: hence 'the people blessed them that willingly offered themselves.') 20548-900701-1621 -Ne11.2 20549-900701-1633 -Ne11.3 (There is a good deal of difference between this enumeration and that in Chronicles; as this comprehends not only those who came first with Zerubbabel, but also those who came with Ezra and Nehemiah.) See on 20550-900701-1642 -Ne11.4 (The variation of Pharez and Perez is only found in the translation; the original being uniformly.) 20551-900701-1648 -Ne11.5 (Some suppose Shiloni to be the name of a man; others derive it from Shiloh, the city so called; and others derive it from Shelah, son of Judah.) 20553-900701-1653 -Ne11.7 (It is probable that Joed was also called Hodaviah, and that Pedaiah had also the name of Hasenuah.) 20555-900701-1654 -Ne11.9 20556-900702-1040 -Ne11.10 (One of Dr. Kennicott's MSS. omits, ben, 'son of,' and reads 'Jedaiah, Joiarib, Jachin:' which is nearly that of the parallel place. Joiarib, is merely a contracted form of Jehoiarib, by the elision of, hay.) 20557-900702-1044 -Ne11.11 (Seraiah probably had also the name of Azariah.) (He had the command over all secular matters; as the high priest had over all those which were spiritual.) 20558-900702-1046 -Ne11.12 20560-900702-1047 -Ne11.14 20561-900702-1048 -Ne11.15 20562-900702-1053 -Ne11.16 (Calmet supposes they provided the victuals for the priests, the victims for the sacrifices, the sacerdotal vestments, the sacred vessels, and other necessaries for the service of the temple.) 20563-900702-1057 -Ne11.17 (In the parallel passage, instead of Zichri, many manuscripts have Zabdi, as here: he is also called Zaccur.) 20564-900702-1059 -Ne11.18 20565-900702-1101 -Ne11.19 20567-900702-1102 -Ne11.21 20568-900702-1108 -Ne11.22 20569-900703-2110 -Ne11.23 20570-900703-2112 -Ne11.24 20571-900703-2114 -Ne11.25 20572-900703-2115 -Ne11.26 20573-900703-2117 -Ne11.27 20574-900703-2123 -Ne11.28 (Probably the Mechanam which Jerome (in Beth-macha) places eight miles from Eleutheropolis, towards Jerusalem.) 20575-900703-2129 -Ne11.29 (Rimmon is placed by Eusebius in the south of Judah, 16 miles south of Eleutheropolis.) (These variations are only chargeable to the translator; the original being uniformly Zorah.) 20576-900703-2133 -Ne11.30 20577-900703-2137 -Ne11.31 20578-900703-2138 -Ne11.32 20579-900703-2140 -Ne11.33 20580-900703-2141 -Ne11.34 20581-900703-2142 -Ne11.35 20582-900703-2143 -Ne11.36 20583-900705-1937 -Ne12.1 1 The priests and the Levites which came up with Zerubbabel 10 The succession of high priests 22 Certain chief Levites 27 The solemnity of the dedication of the walls 44 The offices of priests and Levites appointed in the temple (We have in this chapter a record of little more than the names of a great many priests and Levites, that were eminent in their day among the returned Jews. It is good to know what our godly ancestors and predecessors were, that we may learn thereby what we should be.) 20584-900705-1939 -Ne12.2 20585-900705-1940 -Ne12.3 20586-900705-1943 -Ne12.4 (Instead of Ginnetho, many MSS. and Vulgate have Ginnethon.) 20587-900705-2004 -Ne12.5 (The variation between Moadiah, and Maadiah, merely arises from the elision of, wav: the LXX., however, in ver 17, have Maakai.) 20588-900705-2005 -Ne12.6 20589-900705-2009 -Ne12.7 (The variation of, Sallu, and, Sallai, is simply caused by the mutation of, wav, and, yood.) ('The chief of the priests' seem to have been the heads of the courses established by David.) 20590-900705-2012 -Ne12.8 20591-900705-2013 -Ne12.9 20592-900705-2014 -Ne12.10 20593-900705-2018 -Ne12.11 (Jaddua is supposed to be Jaddus the high priest, who went in his pontifical robes to meet Alexander the Great, when advancing to destroy Jerusalem; who was so struck with his appearance, that he forbore all hostilities, and granted many privileges to the Jews. According to Eusebius, he was high priest from A.M. 3665 to 3982.) 20594-900705-2019 -Ne12.12 20596-900705-2022 -Ne12.14 (Two MSS. and Vulgate in ver. 3, have Shebaniah; and here many MSS. have Shechaniah.) 20597-900705-2023 -Ne12.15 20598-900705-2024 -Ne12.16 20599-900705-2026 -Ne12.17 (The LXX. and Vulgate have here, Miamin.) 20600-900705-2026 -Ne12.18 20602-900705-2027 -Ne12.20 20604-900705-2028 -Ne12.22 20605-900705-2029 -Ne12.23 20606-900705-2033 -Ne12.24 20607-900705-2037 -Ne12.25 20608-900705-2038 -Ne12.26 20609-900705-2100 -Ne12.27 (Jerusalem was the holy city, and the wall was built under the immediate superintendence and blessing of Jehovah: it was therefore proper that it should be dedicated to that God who was there worshipped by solemn praises, prayers, and sacrifices. The dedication seems to have consisted in processions of the most eminent persons around the walls, with thanksgivings to God, who had enabled them to bring the work to so happy a conclusion; and, no doubt, to all this were added a particular consecration of the city to God, and the most earnest invocation that He would take it under His guardianship and defend it and its inhabitants against their enemies.) 20610-900706-1326 -Ne12.28 20611-900706-1329 -Ne12.29 (Or, Beth -Gilgal, a village erected where the Israelites encamped after they had crossed the Jordan.) 20612-900706-1331 -Ne12.30 20613-900706-1333 -Ne12.31 20615-900706-1334 -Ne12.33 20617-900706-1336 -Ne12.35 20618-900706-1338 -Ne12.36 20619-900706-1342 -Ne12.37 (Jerusalem was built on very uneven ground, some hills being enclosed within the walls, there was a necessity, therefore, for steps, by which to ascend and descend; probably similar to what is seen in the city of Bristol.) 20620-900706-1343 -Ne12.38 20621-900706-1346 -Ne12.39 20622-900706-1349 -Ne12.40 20623-900706-1350 -Ne12.41 20624-900706-1352 -Ne12.42 20625-900706-1357 -Ne12.43 20626-900706-1402 -Ne12.44 the joy of Judah. Levites 20627-900706-1406 -Ne12.45 (That is, they suffered no unclean person to enter the temple.) 20628-900706-1410 -Ne12.46 20629-900706-1414 -Ne12.47 (That is, the people separated, or set apart,the tenth of the produce of their lands for the use of the Levites; and the Levites separated the tenth of their tithes for the priests.) 20630-900706-1633 -Ne13.1 1 Upon the reading of the law, separation is made from the mixed multitude 4 Nehemiah, at his return, causes the chambers to be cleansed 10 He reforms the offices in the house of God 15 the violation of the sabbath 23 and the marriages with the strange wives (Some suppose that the events recorded in these verses took place several years after those related in the preceding chapter, while Nehemiah was absent at the Persian court; but the introductory language, on that day, seems rather to imply that they occurred immediately, or at least about that time.) 20631-900706-1638 -Ne13.2 20632-900706-1640 -Ne13.3 20633-900706-1642 -Ne13.4 20634-900706-1645 -Ne13.5 the 20635-900706-1650 -Ne13.6 (Nehemiah came to Jerusalem in the twentieth year of Artaxerxes, and remained there till the thirty-second, being twelve years; then returned to Babylon; and probably, after about a year, got leave to revisit his brethren, and found matters as here stated.) 20636-900706-1919 -Ne13.7 20637-900706-1920 -Ne13.8 20638-900706-1922 -Ne13.9 20639-900706-1923 -Ne13.10 20640-900706-1926 -Ne13.11 20641-900706-1928 -Ne13.12 20642-900706-1932 -Ne13.13 20643-900706-1943 -Ne13.14 (If thou wert strict to mark what is done amiss, even my good deeds must be wiped out: but, Lord, remember me in thy mercy, and let my upright conduct be acceptable to Thee! By some, Nehemiah has been thought to deal too much with God on the principle of merit. That he wished God to remember him for good is sufficiently evident, and who does not wish the same? but that he expected heaven for his good deeds does not appear; for it is perfectly clear that he expected nothing from God but through the greatness of his mercy.) 20644-900706-1949 -Ne13.15 20645-900706-1954 -Ne13.16 20646-900706-1956 -Ne13.17 20647-900706-1959 -Ne13.18 20648-900706-2001 -Ne13.19 20650-900706-2004 -Ne13.21 20651-900706-2009 -Ne13.22 20652-900706-2014 -Ne13.23 20653-900706-2016 -Ne13.24 Heb. people and people 20654-900706-2020 -Ne13.25 20655-900706-2024 -Ne13.26 20656-900706-2025 -Ne13.27 20657-900706-2031 -Ne13.28 (Josephus relates, that this young man was named Manasseh; and that at his request, Sanballat and the Samaritans built their temple upon mount Gerizim, in opposition to that at Jerusalem, at which he officiated, in some measure, according to the Mosaic ritual.) 20658-900706-2035 -Ne13.29 20659-900706-2038 -Ne13.30 20660-900707-1107 -Ne13.31 (Of Nehemiah, the author and principal actor in the events recorded in this book, the Jews speak as one of the greatest men of their nation. His concern for his country entitles him to the character of the first patriot that ever lived. Descended, according to some, of the family of Aaron, or according to others, of the tribe of Judah and allied to the royal family of David, in the course of Divine Providence, he was a captive in Babylon: but there his excellences were so apparent, that he was chosen by the Persian king to fill an office the most respectable and the most confidential in the whole court. Here he lived in ease and affluence: he lacked no good thing; and here he might have continued to live, in the same affluence, and in the same confidence; but he could enjoy neither, so long as he knew his people distressed, the sepulchres of his fathers trodden under foot, the altars of his God overturned, and his worship either totally neglected or corrupted. He sought the peace of Jerusalem; prayed for it; and was willing to sacrifice wealth, ease, safety, and even life itself, if he might be the instrument of restoring the desolations of Israel. And God, who saw the desire of his heart and knew the excellences with which he had endowed him, granted his request, and gave him the high honour of restoring the desolated city of his ancestors, and the pure worship of their God. The opposition of Sanballat and the Samaritans, and the firmness and zeal with which he repelled their insults and ineffectual efforts cannot be read without the liveliest emotions; and will afford to the latest times, a noble and animating example of distinguished patriotism, united with the sincerest devotion to the interests of religion. The virtue and piety of this great and good man, appear with equal lustre in the numerous and important reformations he effected. He relieved the people from their hardships and oppressions, by abolishing the harsh and usurious practices of the nobles and rulers; gave up his own revenue, as governor of the province, for the benefit of the people; and, as a further means of conciliating their affections, exhibited an example of the most princely hospitality. As the best security for good morals, and the better observance of the laws of God, he re-established the offices of public worship, and prevented the profanation of the sabbath, which had arrived at a shameful excess; he furnished the returned captives with authentic registers, and enabled them, in the best manner possible, after so long and calamitous an interval, to trace the genealogies, and claim the inheritance of their respective families; and further, he accomplished the separation of the Jewish people from the mixed multitude, with which they had been incorporated, and annulled the numerous marriages which they had made with heathens and idolaters of every description. For disinterestedness, philanthropy, patriotism, prudence, courage, zeal, humanity, and every virtue that constitutes a great mind, and proves a soul in deep communion with God, Nehemiah will ever stand conspicuous among the greatest men of the Jewish nation; and an exemplar worthy of being copied by the first patriots in every nation under heaven.) 20661-900707-1117 -Es1.1 1 Ahasuerus makes royal feasts 10 Vashti, sent for, refuses to come 13 Ahasuerus, by the counsel of Memucan, puts away Vashti, and makes the decree of men's sovereignty (Prideaux has shewn satisfactorily that Ahasuerus was the Artaxerxes Longimanus of the Greeks, agreeably to the Septuagint and Josephus.) See note on 20662-900707-1119 -Es1.2 20663-900707-1124 -Es1.3 20664-900707-1129 -Es1.4 20665-900707-1131 -Es1.5 20666-900707-1135 -Es1.6 (These were couches, covered with gold and silver cloth, on which the guests reclined; for the Orientals do not sit, but recline at their meals.) of blue colour 20667-900707-1137 -Es1.7 hand of the king 20668-900707-1142 -Es1.8 (Every person drank what he pleased. Among the Greeks, however, each guest was obliged to keep the round, or leave the company: hence the proverb, Drink, or begone. Mr. Herbert, in his poem entitled The Church Porch, has severely reprobated this vile custom. In Britain, however, this demoralizing custom is now almost destroyed, and a new era of social pleasure is arising, by temperate habits, increased domestic comforts, and the spread of gospel truths.) 20669-900707-1143 -Es1.9 20670-900707-1146 -Es1.10 20671-900707-2027 -Es1.11 20672-900707-2038 -Es1.12 (This refusal of Vashti's to expose herself to the view of such a group of drunken Bacchanalians, was highly praiseworthy, and became the dignity of her rank and the modesty of her sex.) was the king 20673-900707-2040 -Es1.13 20674-900707-2041 -Es1.14 20675-900707-2042 -Es1.15 20676-900707-2049 -Es1.16 (This reasoning was inconsequent and false. Vashti had not generally disobeyed the king, therefore she could be no precedent for the general conduct of the Persian women. She disobeyed only in one particular; and this, to serve a purpose, Memucan draws into a general consequence: and the rest came into the conclusion, being either too intoxicated to be able to discern right from wrong, or too intent on reducing women to a state of vassalage, to neglect the present favourable opportunity.) 20677-900707-2050 -Es1.17 20678-900707-2052 -Es1.18 (Saroth, the princesses: but the meaning is well expressed by our term ladies.) 20679-900707-2106 -Es1.19 not away (Let it be inserted among the permanent laws, and be made a part of the constitution of the empire. The Persians seem to have affected such a degree of wisdom in the construction of their laws, that they never could be amended, and should never be repealed; and this formed the ground of the saying, 'The laws of the Medes and Persians that change not.') 20680-900707-2108 -Es1.20 20681-900707-2110 -Es1.21 20682-900707-2114 -Es1.22 (Both the law of God and common sense taught this from the foundation of the world; and this parade of enactment was only to deprive Vashti of her crown.) language of his country 20683-900707-2119 -Es2.1 1 Out of the choice of virgins a queen is to be chosen 5 Mordecai the nursing father of Esther 8 Esther preferred before the rest 12 The manner of purification, and going in to the king 15 Esther best pleasing the king, is made queen 21 Mordecai discovering a treason, is recorded in the chronicles 20684-900708-0933 -Es2.2 20685-900708-0941 -Es2.3 (This was the usual way in which the harem, or seraglio, was furnished; the finest women in the land, whether of high or low birth, were sought out and brought to the harem. They all became the king's concubines; but one was raised as chief wife, or sultana, to the throne; and her issue was especially entitled to inherit.) (Saris hammelech, 'the king's eunuch:' so the LXX., Vulgate, Targum, and Syriac.) 20686-900708-0943 -Es2.4 20687-900708-0945 -Es2.5 20688-900708-0948 -Es2.6 20689-900708-0951 -Es2.7 20690-900708-0954 -Es2.8 (One of Dr. Kennicott's MSS. instead of Hegai has Heg, as in ver. 3.) 20691-900708-0957 -Es2.9 20692-900708-1000 -Es2.10 20693-900708-1006 -Es2.11 (The apartments of the women are accounted so inviolable, that it is even a crime to enquire what passes within their walls. A man, says Chardin, may walk a hundred days, one after the other, by the house where the women are, and yet know no more what is done there than at the farther end of Tartary. This sufficiently explains the conduct of Mordecai.) 20694-900708-1009 -Es2.12 20696-900708-1011 -Es2.14 20697-900708-1012 -Es2.15 20698-900708-1014 -Es2.16 20699-900708-1025 -Es2.17 set (Bishop Patrick observes, that those who suggest that Esther committed a great sin to come at the dignity of queen of Persia, do not consider the custom of those times and countries. Every one that the king took to his bed was married to him, and was his wife of a lower rank, as Hagar was to Abraham.) 20700-900708-1037 -Es2.18 (We learn from Herodotus and Atheneus, that the Persian monarchs were accustomed to give their wives distinct cities and provinces for the purpose of supplying them with different articles of dress: one was assigned for ornamenting the head and neck; another provided robes, zones, etc.; and the city of Anthilla was given to a Persian queen, we read, to supply her with shoes and sandals. It is probable, therefore, that, at the desire of Esther, Ahasuerus relieved those cities and provinces that had before paid it, from this expense.) 20701-900708-1039 -Es2.19 20702-900708-1041 -Es2.20 20703-900708-1044 -Es2.21 20704-900708-1407 -Es2.22 20705-900708-1409 -Es2.23 20706-900708-1415 -Es3.1 1 Haman, advanced by the king, and despised by Mordecai, seeks revenge upon all the Jews 7 He casts lots 8 He obtains by calumniation a decree of the king to put the Jews to death 20707-900708-2030 -Es3.2 (Dr. Shaw, speaking of the cities in the East, says, 'If we quit the streets, and enter into any of the principal houses, we shall first pass through a porch, or gate-way, with benches on each side, where the master of the family receives visits, and despatches business; few persons, not even the nearest relations, having admission any farther, except upon extraordinary occasions.' These servants were probably officers who here waited the king's call; and it is likely that Mordecai was one of them.) (Yichr welo yishtachaweh, 'bowed not down, nor prostrated himself,' or worshipped him. Had this meant only civil reverence the king would not have needed to command it; nor would Mordecai have refused it; there was, therefore, some kind of divine honour intended, such as was paid to the Persian kings, and which even the Greeks refused, as express adoration.) 20708-900708-2032 -Es3.3 20709-900708-2034 -Es3.4 20710-900709-1657 -Es3.5 20711-900709-1658 -Es3.6 20712-900709-1701 -Es3.7 20713-900709-1705 -Es3.8 etc. 20714-900709-1912 -Es3.9 pay. Heb. and I will weigh (Here Haman is obliged to acknowledge that there would be a loss to the revenue, which he was willing to make up out of his own property. Ten thousand talents of silver, counted by the Babylonish talent, amount to 2,119,000.; but reckoned by the Jewish talent, they amount to double that sum. In those days, silver and gold were more plentiful than at present; and we have many instances of individuals possessing almost incredible riches. Herodotus relates, that when Xerxes went into Greece, Pythius the Lydian had 2000 talents of silver, and 4,000,000 of gold darics, which unitedly amount to nearly 5,500,000. Plutarch tells us, that after Crassus had dedicated the tenth of all he had to Hercules, he entertained the Roman people at 10,000 tables, and distributed to every citizen as much corn as was sufficient for three months; and, after all these expenses, he had 7100 Roman talents left, which amount to more than 1,500,000. Lentulus the augur is said to have possessed no less than 3,333,333. 6s. 8d. Apicius was worth more than 916,671 13s. 4d.; and, after having spent in his kitchen 833,333 6s. 8d. he considered the remainder too little for his support, and poisoned himself!) 20715-900709-1913 -Es3.10 20716-900709-1914 -Es3.11 20717-900709-1917 -Es3.12 20718-900709-1920 -Es3.13 20719-900709-1921 -Es3.14 20720-900709-1922 -Es3.15 20721-900709-2047 -Es4.1 1 The great mourning of Mordecai and the Jews 4 Esther, understanding it, sends to Mordecai, who shews the cause, and advises her to undertake the suit 10 She excusing herself, is threatened by Mordecai 15 She appointing a fast, undertakes the suit (Mordecai gave every demonstration of the most poignant grief. Nor did he hide this from the city; and the Greek says that he uttered these words aloud: 'A people is going to be destroyed who have done no evil.' 20723-900709-2054 -Es4.3 (It cannot reasonably be doubted, that the mournings, fastings, and weepings of the Jews were attended by constant prayers and supplications; though all mention of them, and of the glorious God whom they worshipped, seems to have been studiously avoided.) laid under many 20724-900710-1652 -Es4.4 20725-900710-1656 -Es4.5 20727-900710-1657 -Es4.7 20728-900710-1659 -Es4.8 20731-900710-1707 -Es4.11 (Herodotus informs us, that ever since the reign of Deioces, king of Media, for the security of the king's person, it was enacted that no one should be admitted into his presence; but that if any one had business with him, he should transact it through the medium of his ministers.) (That the kings of Persia carried a golden sceptre, we have the following proof in Xenophon: 'It is not (said Cyrus to his son Cambyses) the golden sceptre that saves the kingdom; but faithful friends are the truest and best sceptre of the kingdom.') 20733-900710-1904 -Es4.13 20734-900710-1954 -Es4.14 (The fact related in this verse was unquestionably the reason why Esther was raised to regal honours, by the overruling providence of God: she was therefore bound in gratitude to do this service for God, else she would not have answered the end of her elevation: and she need not fear the miscarriage of the enterprise, for if God designed her for it, he would surely bear her through and give success. It appeared by the event that Mordecai spoke prophetically, when he modestly conjectured that Esther came to the kingdom that she might be the instrument of the Jews' deliverance. Mordecai thoroughly believed that it was a cause which one way or other would certainly be carried, and which, therefore, she might safely venture upon. Instruments might fail, but God's covenant cannot. There is a wise design in all the providences of God, which is unknown to us till it is accomplished; but it will prove in the issue that all is intended for and centre in the good of those who trust in Him.) 20736-900710-2002 -Es4.16 (If I lose my life in the attempt to save my people, I shall lose it cheerfully. I see it is my duty to make the attempt; and, come what will, I am resolved to do it.) 20737-900710-2003 -Es4.17 20738-900710-2011 -Es5.1 1 Esther, adventuring on the king's favour, obtains the grace of the golden sceptre, and invites the king and Haman to a banquet 6 She, being encouraged by the king in her suit, invites them to another banquet the next day 9 Haman, proud of his advancement, repines at the contempt of Mordecai 14 By the counsel of Zeresh he prepares for him a gallows 20739-900710-2013 -Es5.2 20740-900710-2014 -Es5.3 20741-900710-2024 -Es5.4 (Mishteh, from shathah, 'to drink,' a compotation, feast, or banquet accompanied with drinking; the drinking in the East being at the beginning, and not at the end of the entertainment. Oleharius, describing an entertainment at the Persian court, says, 'The floor of the hall was covered with cotton cloth, which was covered with all sorts of fruits and sweetmeats in basons of gold. With them was served up excellent Shiraz wine. After an hour's time, the sweetmeats were removed, to make way for the more substantial part of the entertainment, such as rice, boiled and roast mutton, etc. When the company had been at table an hour and a half, warm water was brought, in a ewer of gold, for washing; and grace being said, they began to retire without speaking a word, according to the custom of the country.') 20742-900711-1222 -Es5.5 20743-900711-1223 -Es5.6 20745-900711-1226 -Es5.8 (Esther probably wished another interview, that she might ingratiate herself more fully into the king's favour, and thus secure the success of her design. But Providence disposed of things thus, to give time for the important event mentioned in the following chapter.) 20746-900711-1229 -Es5.9 20747-900711-1232 -Es5.10 20748-900711-1235 -Es5.11 20749-900711-1905 -Es5.12 (Plutarch, in his life of Artaxerxes, informs us, that none but the king's mother, and his real wife, were permitted to sit at his table; and therefore he mentions it as a condescension in that prince, that he sometimes invited his brothers. Haman, therefore, had some reason to be proud of this favour.) 20750-900711-1909 -Es5.13 (Pride will ever render its possessor unhappy. Haman, though possessed of immense riches, glory, and honour, and the prime favourite of his king, is wretched, because he could not have the homage of that man whom his heart even despised! Oh, how distressing are the inquietudes of pride and vanity.) 20751-900711-2003 -Es5.14 20752-900711-2012 -Es6.1 1 Ahasuerus, reading in the chronicles of the good service done by Mordecai, takes care for his reward 4 Haman, coming to sue that Mordecai might be hanged, gives counsel that he might do him honour 12 Complaining of this, his friends tell him of his final destiny (As chronicles were composed among the Persians, a more instructive and interesting work could not be brought before the king; because they were all written in verse, and were generally the work of the most eminent poets of the empire.) 20753-900711-2014 -Es6.2 20754-900711-2016 -Es6.3 20755-900711-2018 -Es6.4 20757-900711-2021 -Es6.6 20758-900711-2022 -Es6.7 20759-900711-2027 -Es6.8 wherewith the king clotheth himself (Herodotus relates, that the kings of Persia had horses peculiar to themselves, which were brought from Armenia, and were remarkable for their beauty; and if the same law prevailed in Persia as in Judea, no man, under the penalty of death, might ride on the king's horse, any more than sit on his throne, wear his crown, or hold his sceptre.) 20760-900711-2029 -Es6.9 20761-900711-2031 -Es6.10 20762-900711-2040 -Es6.11 (Pitts gives a similar account of the mode of honouring a person who turns a Mohammedan, at Algiers: 'The apostate is to get on a stately steed, with a rich saddle and fine trappings: he is also richly habited, and has a turban on his head, but nothing of this is to be called his own; only there are given him about two or three yards of broad cloth, which is laid before him on the saddle. The horse, with him on his back, is led all round the city, which he is several hours in doing. The apostate is attended with drums and other music, and twenty or thirty serjeants. They march in order on each side of the horse, with naked swords in their hands. The crier goes before, with a loud voice giving thanks to God for the proselyte that is made.') 20763-900711-2044 -Es6.12 20764-900711-2047 -Es6.13 20765-900711-2048 -Es6.14 20766-900711-2051 -Es7.1 1 Esther, entertaining the king and Haman, makes suit for her own life, and her people's 5 She accuses Haman 7 The king in his anger, understanding of the gallows which Haman had made for Mordecai, causes him to be hanged thereon 20767-900712-0727 -Es7.2 20768-900712-0728 -Es7.3 20769-900712-0732 -Es7.4 and cause to perish 20770-900712-0735 -Es7.5 20771-900712-0740 -Es7.6 20772-900712-0743 -Es7.7 20773-900712-0747 -Es7.8 (When a criminal was condemned by a Roman judge, he was delivered to the serjeant with these words: I, lictor, caput obnubito arbori infelici suspendito, 'Go, serjeant, cover his head, and hang him on the accursed tree.') 20774-900712-0752 -Es7.9 20775-900712-0754 -Es7.10 20776-900712-0758 -Es8.1 1 Mordecai is advanced 3 Esther makes suit to reverse Haman's letters 7 Ahasuerus grants to the Jews to defend themselves 15 Mordecai's honour, and the Jews' joy 20777-900712-1909 -Es8.2 20778-900712-1913 -Es8.3 20779-900712-1915 -Es8.4 20780-900712-2000 -Es8.5 20781-900712-2003 -Es8.6 20782-900712-2004 -Es8.7 20783-900712-2010 -Es8.8 (No, not the king himself; and this was the reason that the king was forced not to reverse, but to give a contradictory decree; that if the Jews, pursuant to the first decree, were assulted, they might legitimately, by virtue of the second, defend themselves, slay their enemies, and even take the spoil.) 20784-900712-2018 -Es8.9 (The Hebrew word Hoddo, in Syriac, Hendoo, and in Arabic, Hind, is rendered India by all the versions. India, or Hindostan, is a large country of the south of Asia, extending from north to south about 2400 miles, and from east to west 1800, between 8 degrees and 35 degrees N. lat. and 68 degrees and 92 degrees E. long.; being bounded on the west by the Indus, east by the Birman empire and Thibet, north by the Indian Caucasus, and south by the Indian Ocean. It is probable, however, that all the country east of the Indus was anciently called India.) 20785-900712-2028 -Es8.10 (Rechesh, in Syriac, rechesha, probably denotes a swift horse.) (Achashteranim, from the Persian akhash, large, and aster, a mule, probably, as Bochart supposes, denotes a large mule.) (Beney harammachim, 'the sons of mares,' as the word ramakat denotes in Arabic; probably an expletive of the preceeding word.) 20786-900713-0906 -Es8.11 20787-900713-0908 -Es8.12 20788-900713-0910 -Es8.13 20789-900713-0911 -Es8.14 20790-900713-0920 -Es8.15 (Mordecai was now made the chief minister, or vizier, instead of Haman; and was accordingly invested with the 'royal apparel,' in conformity to the custom of the East. So we are informed, in the History of the Revolt of Ali Bey, that on the election of a new sheikh bellet, or chief of the country, in Egypt, the pasha who approves of him invests him with a robe of valuable fur. Perhaps the crown was one of the insignia of the office of vizier. Concerning the blue, fine linen, and purple, see the Notes on Ex 25.4; 39.27.) (Haman was too proud to be popular: few lamented his fall.) 20791-900713-0928 -Es8.16 (That is, prosperity and hope. The dark cloud which had so long hung over them was dispelled; and again the sunshine of prosperity beamed upon them.) 20792-900713-0943 -Es8.17 20793-900713-0948 -Es9.1 1 The Jews slay their enemies, with the ten sons of Haman 12 Ahasuerus, at the request of Esther, grants another day of slaughter, and Haman's sons to be hanged 20 The two days of Purim are made festival 20794-900713-1535 -Es9.2 20795-900713-1539 -Es9.3 belonged to the king. the fear 20796-900713-1541 -Es9.4 20797-900713-1600 -Es9.5 (The Chaldee paraphrast says that none appeared against the Jews but Amalekites only, who were infatuated, and had their hearts hardened, as Pharaoh's against Israel, to take up arms to their own destruction. Some had such an inveterate, implacable malice against the Jews, that Haman's fall and Mordecai's advancement, instead of convincing, seemed only to exasperate them the more. How have the most dreadful scourges ravaged a country, and yet the inhabitants are unmindful of the Almighty Disposer of events, and that the cause of his righteous displeasure is their continual provocation! Forty years long was he grieved with one generation, who learned not his ways, although daily fed and clothed by a miracle.) 20798-900713-1601 -Es9.6 20802-900713-1929 -Es9.10 (It does not appear that the Jews slew any person who did not rise up to destroy them: they stood for their lives; and gave full proof that they sought their own personal safety, and not the property of their enemies: though the decree in their favour gave them authority to take the property of all their adversaries.) 20803-900713-1931 -Es9.11 20804-900713-1931 -Es9.12 20805-900713-2020 -Es9.13 (Esther had probably been informed by Mordecai, that there were still many enemies of the Jews who sought their destruction, who had escaped the preceding day; and therefore begged that the second day might be added to the former permission; and that the sons of Haman, who had already been slain, might be suspended on gibbets, as a terror to those who sought the destruction of the Jews.) sons 20807-900713-2023 -Es9.15 20808-900713-2026 -Es9.16 20809-900713-2027 -Es9.17 20810-900713-2028 -Es9.18 20811-900713-2034 -Es9.19 (The eastern princes and people not only invite their friends to feasts, but it is their custom to send a portion of the banquet to those that cannot well attend, especially their relations, and those in a state of mourning. Thus, when the Grand Emir found that it incommoded M. D'Arvieux to eat with him, he desired him to take his own time for eating, and sent him from his kitchen what he liked best.) 20812-900713-2039 -Es9.20 (That is, as the words imply, the history contained in this book; and not merely the letters afterwards mentioned, as some understand it.) 20814-900713-2042 -Es9.22 20816-900713-2048 -Es9.24 (The word pur seems to be derived either from the Persian bahr and bar, a part, portion, lot, or pari, any thing which happens fortuitously or fortunately; whence the annual festival in commemoration of the wonderful deliverance of the Jews from their enemies was called Purim, or in Arabic and Persian, Fuhr, or Lots; which has been observed by them, in all places of their dispersion, from that day to the present time, without any interruption.) 20817-900713-2057 -Es9.25 20818-900714-1026 -Es9.26 20819-900714-1030 -Es9.27 20820-900714-1033 -Es9.28 20821-900714-1053 -Es9.29 20822-900714-1057 -Es9.30 20823-900714-1100 -Es9.31 20825-900714-1114 -Es10.1 1 Ahasuerus' greatness 3 Mordecai's advancement 20826-900714-1138 -Es10.2 (Media, which comprehended the modern Azerbijan and part of Irak, was a celebrated country of Asia, bounded on the north by the Caspian Sea and Armenia, west by Assyria, south by Susiana and Persia, and east by Hyrcania and Parthia, extending from 30 degrees to 37 degrees N. lat. and 45 degrees to 53 degrees E. long.) (Persia Proper, now Fars, was but a small province, being bounded on the north by Media, west by Susiana, south by the Persian Gulf, and east by Caramania, extending from 27 degrees to 33 degrees N. lat. and 50 degrees to 55 degrees E. long. But the Persian empire in its ancient state extended from the Hellespont to the Indus, above 2800 miles, and from Pontus to the shores of Arabia, above 2000 miles; comprehending a multitude of various nations.) 20827-900714-1244 -Es10.3 (This Book, which derives its name from the person whose history it chiefly relates, is termed in Hebrew, megillath Esther, 'the volume of Esther.' Concerning its author there are various opinions: some attribute it to Ezra; some to Joachim, the son of Joshua the high priest; others to the men of the great synagogue; and others to Mordecai, which seems the most probable opinion. The events here related probably refer to the time of Artaxerxes Longimanus, who, according to Prideaux, was the Ahasuerus of Esther, agreeably to Josephus, (Ant. 1 xi. c.6,) the Septuagint version, and the apocryphal additions to this book. The history, therefore, comes in between the sixth and seventh chapters of Ezra, commencing about A.M. 3540, and continuing through a period of twelve years: it relates the royal feast of Ahasuerus; the disgrace of Vashti, (ch. i.;) the elevation of Esther to the Persian throne; the essential service rendered to the king by Mordecai, in detecting a plot against his life, (ch. ii.;) the promotion of Haman, and his purposed destruction of the Jews, (ch. iii.;) the consequent affliction of the Jews, and the measures pursued by them, (ch. iv.;) the defeat of Haman's plot, through the instrumentality of Esther, against Mordecai, (ch. v.-vii.;) and also the defeat of his general plot against the Jews, (ch. viii.; ix.1-15;) the institution of the feast of Purim to commemorate this deliverance, (ch. ix. 16-32;) and the advancement of Mordecai, (ch. x.;) and though some Christians have hesitated to receive this book into the sacred canon, yet it has always been received by the Jews, not only as perfectly authentic, but also as one of the most excellent of their sacred books. That it is a genuine and faithful description of a real fact, the observation of the feast of Purim, to the present day, is a sufficient evidence; since it is impossible, and in fact inconceivable, that a nation should institute, and afterwards continue to celebrate without interruption, through every generation of that people, in a long succession of ages, in whatever places they may have sojourned, this solemn annual festival, merely because one of their nation had written an agreeable fable or romance. It has been remarked, as an objection to this book, that the name of God no where occurs in it: His superintending providence, however, is frequently illustrated. It is shewn, indeed, in every part of the work; disconcerting evil designs, and producing great events, by means seemingly inadequate. It also presents an interesting description of mortified pride, and of malice baffled to the destruction of its possessors; and exhibits a very lively representation of the vexations and troubles, the anxieties, treachery, and dissimulation of a corrupt court.) 20828-900728-1950 -Job1.1 1 The holiness, riches, and religious care of Job for his children 6 Satan, appearing before God, by calumniation obtains leave to afflict Job 13 Understanding of the loss of his children and goods, in his mourning he blesses God 20829-900728-1953 -Job1.2 20830-900728-1957 -Job1.3 20831-900728-2000 -Job1.4 20832-900728-2010 -Job1.5 20833-900728-2013 -Job1.6 20834-900728-2015 -Job1.7 20835-900728-2021 -Job1.8 20836-900728-2024 -Job1.9 20837-900728-2029 -Job1.10 20838-900728-2033 -Job1.11 20839-900728-2037 -Job1.12 20840-900728-2039 -Job1.13 20841-900728-2040 -Job1.14 20842-900728-2042 -Job1.15 20843-900728-2045 -Job1.16 20844-900728-2048 -Job1.17 20845-900728-2050 -Job1.18 20846-900728-2054 -Job1.19 20847-900728-2056 -Job1.20 20848-900728-2103 -Job1.21 20849-900728-2106 -Job1.22 20850-900728-2110 -Job2.1 1 Satan appearing again before God, obtains further leave to tempt Job 7 He smites him with sore boils 9 Job reproves his wife, who moved him to curse God 11 His three friends condole with him in silence 20851-900729-0947 -Job2.2 20852-900729-0952 -Job2.3 20853-900729-0955 -Job2.4 20854-900729-0957 -Job2.5 20855-900729-1003 -Job2.6 (By naphsho, 'his soul,' Maimonides understands 'his mind,' or intellectual powers.) 20856-900729-1011 -Job2.7 (Shechin r, supposed to be the Judham, or black leprosy, of the Arabs, termed Elephantiasis by the Greeks, from its rendering the skin, like that of the elephant, scabrous, dark coloured, and furrowed all over with tubercles. This loathsome and most afflictive disease is accompanied with most intolerable itching.) 20857-900729-1014 -Job2.8 20858-900729-1016 -Job2.9 20859-900729-1021 -Job2.10 20860-900729-1026 -Job2.11 20861-900729-1031 -Job2.12 20862-900729-1033 -Job2.13 20863-900729-1038 -Job3.1 1 Job curses the day and services of his birth 13 The ease of death 20 He complains of life, because of his anguish 20864-900729-1039 -Job3.2 20865-900729-1041 -Job3.3 (That is, as we say, 'Let it be blotted out of the calendar.') 20866-900729-1514 -Job3.4 20867-900729-1519 -Job3.5 bitter day 20868-900729-1522 -Job3.6 among the days 20869-900729-1523 -Job3.7 20870-900729-1525 -Job3.8 20871-900729-1527 -Job3.9 20872-900729-1529 -Job3.10 20873-900729-1532 -Job3.11 20874-900729-1533 -Job3.12 20875-900729-1534 -Job3.13 20876-900729-1538 -Job3.14 (Who erect splendid mausoleums, funeral monuments, etc. to keep their names from perishing, while their bodies are turned to corruption.) 20877-900729-1542 -Job3.15 (That is, 'the covetous, whom nothing can satisfy,' as the poet Saady has observed, 'but the dust that fills his mouth, when laid in the grave.') 20878-900729-1545 -Job3.16 20879-900729-1547 -Job3.17 20880-900729-1549 -Job3.18 20881-900729-1551 -Job3.19 20882-900805-1049 -Job3.20 20883-900729-1556 -Job3.21 20885-900729-1558 -Job3.23 20886-900729-1600 -Job3.24 20887-900729-1602 -Job3.25 which 20888-900729-1603 -Job3.26 20889-900729-1606 -Job4.1 1 Eliphaz reproves Job for want of religion 7 He teaches God's judgments to be not for the righteous, but for the wicked 12 His fearful vision to humble the excellency of creatures before God 20890-900729-1853 -Job4.2 20891-900729-1856 -Job4.3 20892-900729-1858 -Job4.4 20893-900729-1900 -Job4.5 20894-900729-1903 -Job4.6 20895-900729-1905 -Job4.7 20896-900730-1304 -Job4.8 20897-900730-1307 -Job4.9 20898-900730-1308 -Job4.10 20899-900730-1311 -Job4.11 20900-900730-1313 -Job4.12 20901-900730-1316 -Job4.13 20902-900730-1319 -Job4.14 bones 20903-900730-1322 -Job4.15 20904-900730-1409 -Job4.16 20905-900730-1413 -Job4.17 20906-900730-1417 -Job4.18 whom he put light 20907-900730-1427 -Job4.19 20908-900730-1430 -Job4.20 20909-900730-1432 -Job4.21 20910-900730-1436 -Job5.1 1 Eliphaz shews that the end of the wicked is misery 6 that man is born to trouble 8 that God is to be regarded in affliction 17 the happy end of God's correction 20911-900730-1707 -Job5.2 20912-900730-1711 -Job5.3 20913-900730-1714 -Job5.4 20914-900730-1718 -Job5.5 20915-900730-1721 -Job5.6 20916-900730-1724 -Job5.7 20917-900731-0915 -Job5.8 20918-900731-0919 -Job5.9 20919-900731-0922 -Job5.10 20920-900731-0925 -Job5.11 20921-900731-0928 -Job5.12 20922-900731-0932 -Job5.13 20923-900731-0935 -Job5.14 20924-900731-0936 -Job5.15 20925-900731-0941 -Job5.16 20926-900731-0943 -Job5.17 20927-900731-0944 -Job5.18 20928-900731-0946 -Job5.19 20929-900731-0949 -Job5.20 20930-900731-1204 -Job5.21 20931-900731-1205 -Job5.22 20932-900731-1207 -Job5.23 20933-900731-1238 -Job5.24 20934-900731-1242 -Job5.25 20935-900731-1244 -Job5.26 20936-900731-1247 -Job5.27 20937-900731-1250 -Job6.1 1 Job shews that his complaints are not causeless 8 He wishes for death, wherein he is assured of comfort 14 He reproves his friends of unkindness 20938-900731-1251 -Job6.2 20939-900731-1253 -Job6.3 grief 20940-900731-1256 -Job6.4 20941-900731-1259 -Job6.5 20942-900731-1301 -Job6.6 20943-900731-1302 -Job6.7 20944-900731-1304 -Job6.8 20945-900731-1306 -Job6.9 20946-900731-1311 -Job6.10 20947-900731-1314 -Job6.11 20948-900731-1316 -Job6.12 20949-900731-1317 -Job6.13 20950-900731-1320 -Job6.14 20951-900731-1323 -Job6.15 20953-900731-1325 -Job6.17 Heb. in the heat thereof they are extinguished 20955-900731-1328 -Job6.19 20956-900731-1329 -Job6.20 20957-900731-1333 -Job6.21 20958-900731-1334 -Job6.22 20959-900731-1336 -Job6.23 20960-900731-1339 -Job6.24 20961-900731-1342 -Job6.25 20962-900731-1345 -Job6.26 20963-900731-1349 -Job6.27 20964-900731-1351 -Job6.28 20965-900731-1352 -Job6.29 20966-900731-1354 -Job6.30 20967-900731-1357 -Job7.1 1 Job excuses his desire of death 12 He complains of his own restlessness, and expostulates with God 20968-900731-1940 -Job7.2 20969-900731-1941 -Job7.3 20970-900731-1944 -Job7.4 20971-900731-1946 -Job7.5 20972-900731-1951 -Job7.6 20973-900731-1954 -Job7.7 20974-900731-1956 -Job7.8 20975-900731-1958 -Job7.9 20976-900731-2000 -Job7.10 20977-900731-2003 -Job7.11 20978-900731-2005 -Job7.12 20979-900731-2007 -Job7.13 20980-900731-2008 -Job7.14 20981-900731-2012 -Job7.15 20982-900731-2015 -Job7.16 20983-900731-2017 -Job7.17 20984-900731-2020 -Job7.18 20985-900731-2023 -Job7.19 20986-900731-2026 -Job7.20 20987-900731-2031 -Job7.21 20988-900731-2036 -Job8.1 1 Bildad shews God's justice in dealing with men according to their works 8 He alleges antiquity to prove the certain destruction of the hypocrite 20 He applies God's just dealing to Job 20989-900731-2039 -Job8.2 20990-900801-1004 -Job8.3 20991-900801-1007 -Job8.4 transgression 20992-900801-1010 -Job8.5 20993-900801-1030 -Job8.6 20994-900801-1049 -Job8.7 20995-900801-1052 -Job8.8 20996-900801-1054 -Job8.9 20997-900801-1056 -Job8.10 20998-900801-1108 -Job8.11 20999-900801-2031 -Job8.12 21000-900801-2036 -Job8.13 21001-900801-2037 -Job8.14 21002-900801-2039 -Job8.15 21003-900801-2041 -Job8.16 21004-900801-2042 -Job8.17 21005-900801-2044 -Job8.18 21006-900801-2046 -Job8.19 21007-900801-2048 -Job8.20 21008-900801-2050 -Job8.21 21009-900801-2052 -Job8.22 21010-900802-0933 -Job9.1 1 Job acknowledges God's justice 22 Man's innocency is not to be condemned by afflictions 21011-900802-0932 -Job9.2 21012-900802-0937 -Job9.3 21013-900802-0945 -Job9.4 21014-900802-0951 -Job9.5 21015-900802-1703 -Job9.6 21016-900802-1707 -Job9.7 21017-900802-1711 -Job9.8 21018-900802-1715 -Job9.9 the chambers 21019-900802-1719 -Job9.10 21020-900802-1720 -Job9.11 21021-900803-1552 -Job9.12 21022-900803-1554 -Job9.13 21023-900803-1556 -Job9.14 21024-900803-1559 -Job9.15 21025-900803-1614 -Job9.16 21026-900804-1141 -Job9.17 21027-900804-1147 -Job9.18 21028-900804-1153 -Job9.19 21029-900804-1323 -Job9.20 21030-900805-1013 -Job9.21 21031-900805-1011 -Job9.22 21032-900805-1016 -Job9.23 21033-900805-1020 -Job9.24 21034-900805-1024 -Job9.25 (Rotz, a runner, or courier; some of whom are said to go 150 miles in less than 24 hours.) 21035-900805-1027 -Job9.26 eagle 21036-900805-1028 -Job9.27 21037-900805-1030 -Job9.28 21038-900805-1031 -Job9.29 21039-900805-1033 -Job9.30 21040-900805-1035 -Job9.31 21041-900805-1038 -Job9.32 21042-900805-1041 -Job9.33 21043-900805-1043 -Job9.34 21045-900805-1828 -Job10.1 1 Job, taking liberty of complaint, expostulates with God about his afflictions 18 He complains of life, and craves a little ease before death 21046-900805-1834 -Job10.2 21047-900805-1848 -Job10.3 21048-900805-1850 -Job10.4 21049-900805-1852 -Job10.5 21050-900805-1853 -Job10.6 21051-900805-1858 -Job10.7 21052-900805-1900 -Job10.8 21053-900805-1903 -Job10.9 21054-900805-1904 -Job10.10 21055-900805-1906 -Job10.11 21056-900805-1907 -Job10.12 21057-900805-1909 -Job10.13 21058-900805-1911 -Job10.14 21059-900805-1915 -Job10.15 21060-900805-1918 -Job10.16 21061-900805-1922 -Job10.17 (I am as if attacked by successive troops; if one company be wearied, another succeds to the attack.) 21062-900805-1924 -Job10.18 21063-900805-1925 -Job10.19 21064-900805-1927 -Job10.20 21065-900805-1932 -Job10.21 21066-900805-1937 -Job10.22 (Where death projects his shadow, intercepting the light of life: without any order, having no arrangement, no distinction of inhabitants; the poor and the rich are there, the king and the beggar, their bodies in equal corruption and disgrace: where the light is as darkness, a palpable obscure, space and place, with only such a light or capability of distinction, as renders 'darkness visible.') 21067-900805-1940 -Job11.1 1 Zophar reproves Job for justifying himself 5 God's wisdom is unsearchable 13 The assured blessing of repentance 21068-900806-1337 -Job11.2 21069-900806-1339 -Job11.3 21070-900806-1342 -Job11.4 21071-900806-1344 -Job11.5 21072-900806-1347 -Job11.6 21073-900806-1350 -Job11.7 21074-900806-1352 -Job11.8 21075-900806-1354 -Job11.9 21076-900806-1356 -Job11.10 21077-900806-1359 -Job11.11 21078-900806-1405 -Job11.12 21079-900806-1408 -Job11.13 21080-900806-1419 -Job11.14 21081-900806-1423 -Job11.15 21082-900806-1426 -Job11.16 21083-900806-1429 -Job11.17 21084-900806-1431 -Job11.18 21085-900806-1433 -Job11.19 21086-900806-1437 -Job11.20 21087-900806-1439 -Job12.1 1 Job maintains himself against his friends that reprove him 7 He acknowledges the general doctrine of God's omnipotence 21088-900806-1441 -Job12.2 21089-900806-1931 -Job12.3 I fall not lower than you. who knoweth not such things as these. Heb. with whom are not such as these 21090-900806-1936 -Job12.4 21091-900806-1946 -Job12.5 21092-900806-1948 -Job12.6 21093-900806-1949 -Job12.7 21095-900806-1951 -Job12.9 21096-900806-1955 -Job12.10 21097-900806-1957 -Job12.11 21098-900806-2002 -Job12.12 21099-900806-2006 -Job12.13 21100-900806-2016 -Job12.14 21101-900806-2019 -Job12.15 21102-900806-2021 -Job12.16 21103-900806-2022 -Job12.17 21104-900806-2024 -Job12.18 21105-900806-2025 -Job12.19 21106-900806-2027 -Job12.20 21107-900806-2032 -Job12.21 the strong 21108-900807-1048 -Job12.22 21109-900807-1101 -Job12.23 21110-900807-1105 -Job12.24 (Bethohoo, 'in chaos,' i.e. in a state of utter confusion; it is the same word which is employed in Ge 1.2, to describe the chaotic state of the earth at the creation.) 21111-900807-1115 -Job12.25 21112-900807-1119 -Job13.1 1 Job reproves his friends for partiality 14 He professes his confidence in God; and intreats to know his own sins, and God's purpose in afflicting him 21113-900807-1123 -Job13.2 21114-900807-1125 -Job13.3 21115-900807-1129 -Job13.4 21116-900807-1131 -Job13.5 21117-900807-1133 -Job13.6 21118-900807-1134 -Job13.7 21119-900807-1136 -Job13.8 21120-900807-1141 -Job13.9 21121-900807-1142 -Job13.10 21122-900807-1143 -Job13.11 21123-900807-1148 -Job13.12 21124-900807-1150 -Job13.13 21125-900807-1152 -Job13.14 21126-900807-1155 -Job13.15 21127-900807-1159 -Job13.16 21128-900807-1200 -Job13.17 21129-900807-1202 -Job13.18 21130-900807-1204 -Job13.19 21131-900807-1205 -Job13.20 21132-900807-1207 -Job13.21 21133-900807-1913 -Job13.22 21134-900807-1914 -Job13.23 21135-900807-1917 -Job13.24 21136-900807-1919 -Job13.25 21137-900807-1921 -Job13.26 21138-900807-1924 -Job13.27 21139-900807-1926 -Job13.28 21140-900807-1929 -Job14.1 1 Job intreats God for favour, by the shortness of life, and certainty of death 7 He waits for his change 16 By sin the creature is subject to corruption 21141-900807-1933 -Job14.2 21142-900807-1941 -Job14.3 21143-900807-1943 -Job14.4 21144-900807-1947 -Job14.5 21145-900807-2010 -Job14.6 21146-900807-2013 -Job14.7 21147-900807-2014 -Job14.8 21148-900807-2015 -Job14.9 21149-900807-2018 -Job14.10 21150-900807-2019 -Job14.11 21151-900807-2023 -Job14.12 21152-900807-2027 -Job14.13 21153-900807-2034 -Job14.14 21154-900807-2037 -Job14.15 21155-900807-2039 -Job14.16 21156-900807-2040 -Job14.17 21157-900807-2042 -Job14.18 21158-900807-2045 -Job14.19 (Hence the proverb, 'Constant droppings make a hole in a stone.') 21159-900807-2046 -Job14.20 21160-900807-2048 -Job14.21 21161-900807-2051 -Job14.22 21162-900807-2054 -Job15.1 1 Eliphaz reproves Job for impiety in justifying himself 17 He proves by tradition the unquietness of wicked men 21163-900808-1305 -Job15.2 21164-900808-1307 -Job15.3 21165-900808-1310 -Job15.4 21166-900808-1314 -Job15.5 21167-900808-1316 -Job15.6 21168-900808-1632 -Job15.7 21169-900808-1635 -Job15.8 21170-900808-1637 -Job15.9 21171-900808-1641 -Job15.10 21172-900808-1644 -Job15.11 21173-900808-1646 -Job15.12 21174-900808-1649 -Job15.13 21175-900808-1653 -Job15.14 21176-900808-1654 -Job15.15 21177-900808-2021 -Job15.16 (Rather, 'How much less (aph kee,) abominable and filthy man,' who, under the influence of sinful propensities, commits sin as greedily as a thirsty man or camel drinks down water.) 21178-900808-2023 -Job15.17 21179-900808-2024 -Job15.18 21180-900808-2025 -Job15.19 21181-900808-2027 -Job15.20 21182-900808-2031 -Job15.21 21183-900808-2034 -Job15.22 21184-900808-2037 -Job15.23 21185-900808-2038 -Job15.24 21186-900808-2042 -Job15.25 21187-900808-2044 -Job15.26 21188-900808-2048 -Job15.27 21189-900808-2050 -Job15.28 21190-900808-2053 -Job15.29 21191-900808-2058 -Job15.30 21192-900809-1256 -Job15.31 21193-900809-1259 -Job15.32 21194-900809-1300 -Job15.33 21195-900809-1303 -Job15.34 21196-900809-1305 -Job15.35 21197-900809-1307 -Job16.1 1 Job reproves his friends for unmercifulness 17 He maintains his innocency 21198-900809-1308 -Job16.2 21199-900809-1311 -Job16.3 21200-900809-1315 -Job16.4 21201-900809-1317 -Job16.5 21202-900809-1319 -Job16.6 21203-900809-1321 -Job16.7 21204-900809-1326 -Job16.8 (Some render, 'thou has fettered me,' as kamat signifies in Arabic; but as it signifies in Syriac to be wrinkled, the common version seems, from the connexion, to be more correct; and if Job's disease were the elephantiasis, these words would apply most forcibly to the wrinkled state of the skin in that disorder.) 21205-900809-1328 -Job16.9 21206-900809-1332 -Job16.10 21207-900809-1335 -Job16.11 21208-900809-1338 -Job16.12 21209-900809-1341 -Job16.13 21210-900809-1342 -Job16.14 21211-900809-1344 -Job16.15 21212-900809-1411 -Job16.16 21213-900809-1415 -Job16.17 21214-900809-1417 -Job16.18 21215-900809-1419 -Job16.19 21216-900809-1421 -Job16.20 21217-900809-1423 -Job16.21 21218-900809-1425 -Job16.22 21219-900809-1429 -Job17.1 1 Job appeals from men to God 6 The unmerciful dealing of men with the afflicted may astonish, but not discourage the righteous 11 His hope is not in life, but in death 21220-900809-1720 -Job17.2 21221-900809-1722 -Job17.3 21222-900809-1725 -Job17.4 21223-900809-1727 -Job17.5 21224-900809-1729 -Job17.6 21225-900809-1730 -Job17.7 21226-900809-1732 -Job17.8 21227-900809-1736 -Job17.9 21228-900809-1921 -Job17.10 21229-900809-1924 -Job17.11 21230-900809-1926 -Job17.12 21231-900809-1928 -Job17.13 21232-900809-1931 -Job17.14 21233-900809-1932 -Job17.15 21234-900809-1936 -Job17.16 21235-900809-1939 -Job18.1 1 Bildad reproves Job for presumtion and impatience 5 The calamities of the wicked 21236-900809-1941 -Job18.2 21237-900809-1942 -Job18.3 21238-900809-1945 -Job18.4 21239-900809-1946 -Job18.5 21240-900809-1947 -Job18.6 21241-900809-1949 -Job18.7 21242-900809-1952 -Job18.8 21243-900809-1953 -Job18.9 21244-900809-1954 -Job18.10 21245-900809-1957 -Job18.11 21246-900809-2000 -Job18.12 21247-900809-2002 -Job18.13 21248-900809-2004 -Job18.14 21249-900809-2008 -Job18.15 21250-900809-2012 -Job18.16 21251-900809-2013 -Job18.17 21252-900809-2015 -Job18.18 21253-900809-2017 -Job18.19 21254-900809-2020 -Job18.20 horror 21255-900809-2023 -Job18.21 21256-900809-2025 -Job19.1 1 Job, complaining of his friends' cruelty, shews there is misery enough in him to feed their cruelty 21 He craves pity 23 He believes the resurrection 21257-900810-1032 -Job19.2 21258-900810-1037 -Job19.3 21259-900810-1040 -Job19.4 21260-900810-1042 -Job19.5 21261-900810-1046 -Job19.6 21262-900810-1050 -Job19.7 21263-900810-1053 -Job19.8 21264-900810-1056 -Job19.9 21265-900810-1058 -Job19.10 21266-900810-1100 -Job19.11 21267-900810-1102 -Job19.12 21268-900810-1105 -Job19.13 21269-900810-1108 -Job19.14 21270-900810-1109 -Job19.15 21271-900810-1111 -Job19.16 21272-900810-1112 -Job19.17 21273-900810-1115 -Job19.18 21274-900810-1117 -Job19.19 21275-900810-1119 -Job19.20 21276-900810-1122 -Job19.21 21277-900810-1124 -Job19.22 21278-900810-1130 -Job19.23 (Rather, 'Oh that they were described (yuchakoo) in a book, with an iron stile and lead! Were graven on a rock for ever!' Pliny observes, 'At first men wrote on palm leaves, and afterwards on the bark or rind of other trees. In process of time, public monuments were written on rolls of lead (plumbeis voluminibus); and those of a private nature on linen books, or tables covered with wax.') 21279-900810-1131 -Job19.24 21280-900810-1134 -Job19.25 21281-900810-1644 -Job19.26 destroyed, yet out of my flesh shall I see God 21282-900810-1647 -Job19.27 within me are counsumed with earnest desire [for that day.] 21283-900810-1650 -Job19.28 root (Instead of bee, 'in me,' bo, 'in him,' is the reading of more than 100 MSS.) 21284-900810-1652 -Job19.29 21285-900810-1655 -Job20.1 Zophar shews the state and portion of the wicked 21286-900810-1659 -Job20.2 21287-900810-1702 -Job20.3 21288-900810-1704 -Job20.4 21289-900810-1708 -Job20.5 21290-900810-1710 -Job20.6 21291-900810-1712 -Job20.7 21292-900810-1714 -Job20.8 21293-900810-1716 -Job20.9 21294-900810-1718 -Job20.10 21295-900810-1721 -Job20.11 21296-900810-1723 -Job20.12 21297-900810-1725 -Job20.13 21298-900810-1728 -Job20.14 21299-900810-1730 -Job20.15 21300-900810-1856 -Job20.16 21301-900810-1859 -Job20.17 21302-900810-1903 -Job20.18 21303-900810-1909 -Job20.19 21304-900810-1911 -Job20.20 21305-900810-1913 -Job20.21 21306-900810-2024 -Job20.22 21307-900810-2026 -Job20.23 21308-900810-2028 -Job20.24 21309-900810-2030 -Job20.25 21310-900810-2033 -Job20.26 21311-900810-2036 -Job20.27 21312-900810-2041 -Job20.28 21313-900810-2044 -Job20.29 21314-900810-2051 -Job21.1 1 Job shews that even in the judgment of man he has reason to be grieved 7 Sometimes the wicked prosper, though they despise God 16 Sometimes their destruction is manifest 21 The happy and unhappy are alike in death 27 The judgment of the wicked is in another world 21315-900810-2052 -Job21.2 21316-900811-1220 -Job21.3 21317-900811-1225 -Job21.4 21318-900811-1228 -Job21.5 21319-900811-1230 -Job21.6 21320-900811-1235 -Job21.7 21321-900811-1236 -Job21.8 21322-900811-1238 -Job21.9 21323-900811-1240 -Job21.10 21324-900811-1241 -Job21.11 21325-900811-1242 -Job21.12 21326-900811-1244 -Job21.13 21327-900811-1247 -Job21.14 21328-900811-1350 -Job21.15 21329-900811-1353 -Job21.16 21330-900811-1355 -Job21.17 21331-900811-1359 -Job21.18 21332-900811-1403 -Job21.19 21333-900811-1420 -Job21.20 21334-900811-2029 -Job21.21 21335-900812-1020 -Job21.22 21336-900811-2048 -Job21.23 strength of his perfection 21337-900811-2050 -Job21.24 21338-900811-2053 -Job21.25 21339-900811-2056 -Job21.26 21340-900811-2059 -Job21.27 21341-900811-2101 -Job21.28 21342-900811-2102 -Job21.29 21343-900811-2104 -Job21.30 21344-900811-2107 -Job21.31 21345-900811-2109 -Job21.32 21346-900811-2111 -Job21.33 21347-900811-2112 -Job21.34 21348-900811-2114 -Job22.1 1 Eliphaz shews that man's goodness profits not God 5 He accuses Job of divers sins 21 He exhorts him to repentance, with promises of mercy 21349-900812-0942 -Job22.2 success depend thereon? 21350-900812-0944 -Job22.3 21351-900812-0948 -Job22.4 21352-900812-1022 -Job22.5 21353-900812-1045 -Job22.6 21354-900812-1048 -Job22.7 21355-900812-2032 -Job22.8 accepted for countenance 21356-900813-1009 -Job22.9 21357-900812-2038 -Job22.10 21358-900812-2041 -Job22.11 21359-900812-2043 -Job22.12 21360-900812-2044 -Job22.13 21361-900812-2046 -Job22.14 21362-900812-2047 -Job22.15 21363-900813-1012 -Job22.16 poured upon their foundation 21364-900813-1024 -Job22.17 21365-900813-1035 -Job22.18 21366-900813-1042 -Job22.19 21367-900813-1045 -Job22.20 21368-900813-1050 -Job22.21 21369-900813-1053 -Job22.22 21370-900813-1141 -Job22.23 21371-900813-1449 -Job22.24 21372-900813-1452 -Job22.25 21373-900813-1455 -Job22.26 21374-900813-1457 -Job22.27 21375-900813-1500 -Job22.28 21376-900813-1503 -Job22.29 21377-900813-1511 -Job22.30 shall deliver the island 21378-900813-1514 -Job23.1 1 Job longs to appear before God 6 in confidence of his mercy 8 God, who is invisible, observes our ways 11 Job's innocency 13 God's decree is immutable 21379-900813-1516 -Job23.2 21380-900813-1518 -Job23.3 21381-900813-1712 -Job23.4 21382-900813-1714 -Job23.5 21383-900813-1717 -Job23.6 21384-900813-1720 -Job23.7 21385-900813-1721 -Job23.8 21386-900813-1722 -Job23.9 21387-900813-1727 -Job23.10 21388-900813-1731 -Job23.11 21389-900813-1736 -Job23.12 21390-900813-1908 -Job23.13 21391-900813-1911 -Job23.14 21392-900813-1912 -Job23.15 21393-900813-1914 -Job23.16 21394-900813-1948 -Job23.17 21395-900813-1955 -Job24.1 1 Wickedness often goes unpunished 17 There is a secret judgment for the wicked 21396-900813-1958 -Job24.2 21397-900813-2000 -Job24.3 21398-900813-2004 -Job24.4 21399-900813-2007 -Job24.5 21400-900813-2009 -Job24.6 wicked gather the vintage 21401-900813-2011 -Job24.7 21402-900813-2012 -Job24.8 21403-900813-2013 -Job24.9 21404-900813-2014 -Job24.10 21405-900813-2015 -Job24.11 21406-900813-2018 -Job24.12 21407-900813-2022 -Job24.13 21408-900813-2024 -Job24.14 21409-900813-2029 -Job24.15 (Or, 'putteth a covering on his face;' probably the hood of the burnoose, or cloak, which the Arabs sometimes throw over their other garments.) 21410-900813-2032 -Job24.16 21411-900813-2033 -Job24.17 21412-900813-2035 -Job24.18 21413-900813-2038 -Job24.19 21414-900813-2040 -Job24.20 21415-900813-2042 -Job24.21 21416-900813-2043 -Job24.22 21417-900813-2047 -Job24.23 21418-900813-2058 -Job24.24 21419-900813-2055 -Job24.25 21420-900813-2056 -Job25.1 Bildad shews that man cannot be justified before God 21421-900814-0818 -Job25.2 21422-900814-0822 -Job25.3 21423-900814-0829 -Job25.4 21424-900814-1022 -Job25.5 21425-900814-1030 -Job25.6 (The original is degradingly expressive: 'How much less enosh, miserable man, who is a worm; and the son of Adam, who is toleah, a maggot.') 21426-900814-1032 -Job26.1 1 Job, reproving the uncharitable spirit of Bildad 5 acknowledges the power of God to be infinite and unsearchable 21427-900814-1037 -Job26.2 (Bildad had produced no argument to refute Job's doctrine; and therefore Job ironically admires the assistance which Bildad had given to his friends in their extremity, and the instruction he had afforded him in his perplexity.) 21428-900814-1050 -Job26.3 21429-900814-1052 -Job26.4 21430-900814-1056 -Job26.5 (Or, 'The giants (rephaim) are in anguish under the waters and their inhabitants;' probably in allusion to the destruction of the earth by the deluge.) 21431-900814-1059 -Job26.6 21432-900814-1103 -Job26.7 21433-900814-1105 -Job26.8 21434-900814-1108 -Job26.9 21435-900814-1111 -Job26.10 21436-900814-1113 -Job26.11 21437-900814-1116 -Job26.12 21438-900814-1118 -Job26.13 21439-900814-1122 -Job26.14 21440-900814-1125 -Job27.1 1 Job protests his sincerity 8 The hypocrite is without hope 11 The blessings which the wicked have are turned into curses 21441-900814-1626 -Job27.2 21442-900814-1629 -Job27.3 21443-900814-1630 -Job27.4 21444-900814-1632 -Job27.5 21445-900814-1706 -Job27.6 21446-900814-1709 -Job27.7 21447-900814-1920 -Job27.8 21448-900814-1945 -Job27.9 21449-900814-1948 -Job27.10 21450-900814-1950 -Job27.11 21451-900814-1952 -Job27.12 21452-900814-1955 -Job27.13 21453-900814-1959 -Job27.14 21454-900814-2001 -Job27.15 21455-900814-2005 -Job27.16 (D'Herbelot tells us, that Bokhten, an illustrious poet of Cufah, in the 9th century, had so many presents made him, that at his death he was found possessed of 100 suits of clothes, 200 shirts, and 500 turbans.) 21456-900814-2006 -Job27.17 21457-900814-2007 -Job27.18 21458-900814-2011 -Job27.19 21459-900814-2014 -Job27.20 21460-900814-2016 -Job27.21 21461-900814-2019 -Job27.22 21462-900814-2021 -Job27.23 21463-900814-2025 -Job28.1 1 There is a knowledge of natural things 12 But wisdom is an excellent gift of God 21464-900814-2026 -Job28.2 21465-900814-2028 -Job28.3 21467-900814-2030 -Job28.5 21468-900814-2031 -Job28.6 21469-900814-2033 -Job28.7 21471-900814-2035 -Job28.9 21472-900814-2036 -Job28.10 21473-900814-2037 -Job28.11 21474-900815-1319 -Job28.12 21475-900815-1322 -Job28.13 21476-900815-1326 -Job28.14 21477-900815-1329 -Job28.15 given for it 21478-900815-1331 -Job28.16 21479-900815-1333 -Job28.17 21480-900815-1914 -Job28.18 21481-900815-1915 -Job28.19 21482-900815-1917 -Job28.20 21483-900815-1919 -Job28.21 21484-900815-1921 -Job28.22 21485-900815-1923 -Job28.23 21486-900815-1925 -Job28.24 21487-900815-1933 -Job28.25 (God has given an atmosphere to the earth, which, possessing a certain degree of gravity perfectly suited to the necessities of all animals, vegetables, and fluids, should be the cause, in His hands, of preserving animal and vegetable life; for by it the blood circulates in the veins of animals, and the juices in the tubes of vegetables. Without this atmospheric pressure there could be no respiration; and the elasticity of the particles of air in animal and vegetable bodies, would rupture the vessels in which they are contained, and destroy both kinds of life) (He has exactly proportioned the aqueous surface of the earth to the terrene parts, for the purpose of evaporation, etc.) 21488-900815-1935 -Job28.26 21489-900815-1936 -Job28.27 21490-900815-1942 -Job28.28 21491-900815-1945 -Job29.1 Job bemoans his former prosperity 21492-900818-2040 -Job29.2 21493-900816-1348 -Job29.3 21494-900816-1350 -Job29.4 21495-900816-1354 -Job29.5 21496-900816-1356 -Job29.6 21497-900816-1358 -Job29.7 21498-900816-1400 -Job29.8 21499-900816-1402 -Job29.9 21500-900816-1905 -Job29.10 their tongue 21501-900816-1906 -Job29.11 21502-900816-1908 -Job29.12 21503-900816-1912 -Job29.13 21504-900816-1915 -Job29.14 21505-900816-2004 -Job29.15 21506-900816-2006 -Job29.16 21507-900816-2009 -Job29.17 21508-900816-2011 -Job29.18 21509-900816-2013 -Job29.19 21510-900816-2015 -Job29.20 21511-900816-2016 -Job29.21 21512-900816-2018 -Job29.22 21513-900816-2019 -Job29.23 21514-900816-2021 -Job29.24 21515-900816-2023 -Job29.25 21516-900816-2029 -Job30.1 1 Job's honour is turned into extreme contempt 15 and his prosperity into calamity 21518-900816-2032 -Job30.3 21519-900816-2056 -Job30.4 (The Hebrew malluach, in Arabic, malluch and in Syriac mallucho, is probably the halimus of the Romans, which Dioscorides describes as a kind of bramble, without thorns, the leaves of which are boiled and eaten.) (The Hebrew rothem, in Arabic, ratim, and in Spanish, retama, most probably signifies the genista or broom, which is very abundant in the deserts of Arabia.) 21520-900817-1114 -Job30.5 21521-900817-1116 -Job30.6 21522-900817-1122 -Job30.7 (Charul probably denotes some kind of briar or bramble: so Vulgate renders it by spina or sentis, (Pr. 24.31. Zep. 2.9.) Celsius and Scheuchzer are inclined to think it the paliurus, a shrub growing sometimes to a considerable height in desert places. 'One of the inconveniences of the vegetable thickets of Egypt is,' says Denon, 'that it is difficult to remain in them, as nine tenths of the trees and plants are armed with inexorable thorns, which suffer only an unquiet enjoyment of the shadow which is so constantly desirable.') 21523-900817-1125 -Job30.8 21524-900817-1127 -Job30.9 21525-900817-1130 -Job30.10 face 21526-900817-1132 -Job30.11 21527-900817-1134 -Job30.12 21528-900817-1135 -Job30.13 21529-900817-1136 -Job30.14 21530-900817-1138 -Job30.15 21531-900817-1139 -Job30.16 21532-900817-1141 -Job30.17 21533-900817-1143 -Job30.18 21534-900817-1145 -Job30.19 21535-900817-1146 -Job30.20 21536-900817-1150 -Job30.21 21537-900817-1153 -Job30.22 21538-900817-1155 -Job30.23 21539-900817-1157 -Job30.24 21540-900817-1201 -Job30.25 21541-900817-1204 -Job30.26 21542-900817-1205 -Job30.27 21543-900817-1206 -Job30.28 21544-900817-1222 -Job30.29 (Benoth ynah, in Arabic, bintu nmatin, not owls, but ostriches, so called from their doleful and hideous noises. 'I have often,' says Dr. Shaw, 'heard them groan as if they were in the greatest agonies.') 21545-900817-1224 -Job30.30 21546-900817-1225 -Job30.31 21547-900817-1230 -Job31.1 Job makes a solemn protestation of his integrity in several duties 21548-900817-2026 -Job31.2 21549-900817-2029 -Job31.3 21550-900817-2032 -Job31.4 21551-900817-2033 -Job31.5 21552-900817-2037 -Job31.6 balances of justice 21553-900817-2040 -Job31.7 21554-900817-2043 -Job31.8 21555-900817-2046 -Job31.9 21556-900817-2048 -Job31.10 21557-900817-2050 -Job31.11 21558-900817-2051 -Job31.12 21559-900817-2054 -Job31.13 (In ancient times slaves had no action at law against their owners; but Job admitted them to all civil rights, and permitted them to complain even against himself.) 21560-900817-2057 -Job31.14 21561-900818-1334 -Job31.15 in one womb? 21562-900818-1336 -Job31.16 21563-900818-1339 -Job31.17 21564-900818-1340 -Job31.18 21565-900818-1347 -Job31.19 21566-900818-1348 -Job31.20 21567-900818-1350 -Job31.21 21568-900818-1352 -Job31.22 21569-900818-1354 -Job31.23 21570-900818-1359 -Job31.24 21571-900818-1937 -Job31.25 21572-900818-1951 -Job31.26 21573-900818-1954 -Job31.27 21574-900818-1958 -Job31.28 21575-900818-2000 -Job31.29 21576-900818-2003 -Job31.30 21577-900818-2006 -Job31.31 21578-900818-2010 -Job31.32 21579-900818-2012 -Job31.33 21580-900818-2016 -Job31.34 21581-900818-2021 -Job31.35 that the Almighty will answer me 21582-900818-2023 -Job31.36 21583-900818-2024 -Job31.37 21584-900818-2026 -Job31.38 21585-900818-2028 -Job31.39 soul of the owners thereof to expire, or breathe out 21586-900818-2031 -Job31.40 (Choach, probably the black thorn.) See on 21587-900818-2035 -Job32.1 1 Elihu is angry with Job and his three friends 6 Because wisdom comes not from age, he excuses the boldness of his youth 11 He reproves them for not satisfying Job 16 His zeal to speak 21588-900819-1004 -Job32.2 21589-900819-1006 -Job32.3 21590-900819-1008 -Job32.4 21591-900819-1008 -Job32.5 21592-900819-1010 -Job32.6 21593-900819-1012 -Job32.7 21594-900819-1016 -Job32.8 21595-900819-1018 -Job32.9 21596-900819-1019 -Job32.10 21597-900819-1025 -Job32.11 (Instead of tevoonotheychem, nine MSS. read techoonotheychem, 'your arguments;' but the sense is nearly the same.) (Ad tachkeroon millin, 'whilst ye were searching for words;' a fine irony, which they must have felt.) 21598-900819-1029 -Job32.12 (Wedeychem is rendered 'and your testimonies,' by the Syriac, Arabic, and LXX., and one of De Rossi's Mss. (874) is so pointed as to require this reading.) 21599-900819-1033 -Job32.13 21600-900819-1034 -Job32.14 21601-900820-1116 -Job32.15 21602-900820-1117 -Job32.16 21603-900820-1118 -Job32.17 21604-900820-1120 -Job32.18 21605-900820-1123 -Job32.19 21606-900820-1124 -Job32.20 21607-900820-1126 -Job32.21 21608-900820-1128 -Job32.22 21609-900820-1132 -Job33.1 1 Elihu offers himself instead of God to reason with Job 8 He excuses God from giving man an account of his ways, by his greatness 14 God calls man to repentance by visions, by afflictions, and by his ministry 31 He incites Job to attention 21610-900820-1133 -Job33.2 21611-900820-1135 -Job33.3 21612-900820-1137 -Job33.4 21613-900820-1138 -Job33.5 21614-900820-1141 -Job33.6 21615-900820-1143 -Job33.7 21616-900820-1144 -Job33.8 21617-900820-1145 -Job33.9 21618-900820-1148 -Job33.10 21619-900820-1150 -Job33.11 21620-900820-1153 -Job33.12 21621-900820-1158 -Job33.13 21622-900820-1201 -Job33.14 21623-900820-1203 -Job33.15 21624-900820-1205 -Job33.16 21625-900820-1208 -Job33.17 21626-900820-1210 -Job33.18 21627-900820-1335 -Job33.19 21628-900820-1337 -Job33.20 21629-900820-1339 -Job33.21 21630-900820-1342 -Job33.22 21631-900820-1556 -Job33.23 21632-900820-1612 -Job33.24 21633-900820-1617 -Job33.25 21634-900820-1625 -Job33.26 21635-900820-1917 -Job33.27 etc. 21636-900820-1920 -Job33.28 21637-900820-2006 -Job33.29 21638-900820-2008 -Job33.30 21639-900820-2009 -Job33.31 21640-900820-2010 -Job33.32 21641-900820-2012 -Job33.33 21642-900820-2014 -Job34.1 1 Elihu accuses Job for charging God with injustice 10 God omnipotent cannot be unjust 31 Man must humble himself unto God 34 Elihu reproves Job 21643-900820-2014 -Job34.2 21644-900820-2016 -Job34.3 21645-900820-2018 -Job34.4 21646-900820-2021 -Job34.5 21647-900820-2022 -Job34.6 21648-900820-2023 -Job34.7 21649-900820-2025 -Job34.8 21650-900820-2027 -Job34.9 21651-900820-2031 -Job34.10 21652-900821-1006 -Job34.11 21653-900821-1008 -Job34.12 21654-900821-1010 -Job34.13 21655-900821-1012 -Job34.14 21656-900821-1013 -Job34.15 21657-900821-1014 -Job34.16 21658-900821-1016 -Job34.17 21659-900821-1018 -Job34.18 21660-900821-1023 -Job34.19 21661-900821-1032 -Job34.20 mighty. without 21662-900821-1036 -Job34.21 21663-900821-1041 -Job34.22 21664-900821-1956 -Job34.23 21665-900821-2000 -Job34.24 21666-900821-2002 -Job34.25 21667-900821-2005 -Job34.26 21668-900821-2009 -Job34.27 21669-900821-2012 -Job34.28 21670-900821-2020 -Job34.29 21671-900821-2025 -Job34.30 21672-900821-2027 -Job34.31 21673-900821-2030 -Job34.32 21674-900821-2036 -Job34.33 21675-900821-2039 -Job34.34 21676-900821-2040 -Job34.35 21677-900821-2042 -Job34.36 tried 21678-900821-2044 -Job34.37 21679-900821-2047 -Job35.1 1 Comparison is not to be made with God, because our good or evil cannot extend unto him 9 Many cry in their afflictions, but are not heard for want of faith 21680-900821-2048 -Job35.2 21681-900821-2051 -Job35.3 21682-900821-2052 -Job35.4 21683-900822-1301 -Job35.5 21684-900822-1303 -Job35.6 21685-900822-1303 -Job35.7 21686-900822-1306 -Job35.8 21687-900822-1308 -Job35.9 21688-900822-1314 -Job35.10 21689-900822-2012 -Job35.11 21690-900822-2014 -Job35.12 21691-900822-2019 -Job35.13 21692-900822-2023 -Job35.14 21693-900822-2027 -Job35.15 21694-900822-2028 -Job35.16 21695-900822-2030 -Job36.1 1 Elihu shews how God is just in his ways 16 How Job's sins hinder God's blessings 24 God's works are to be magnified 21696-900822-2033 -Job36.2 21697-900822-2037 -Job36.3 21698-900822-2045 -Job36.4 21699-900823-1017 -Job36.5 21700-900823-1029 -Job36.6 21701-900823-1033 -Job36.7 21702-900823-1035 -Job36.8 21703-900823-1039 -Job36.9 21704-900823-1043 -Job36.10 21705-900823-1328 -Job36.11 21706-900823-1330 -Job36.12 21707-900823-1332 -Job36.13 21708-900823-1335 -Job36.14 21709-900823-1336 -Job36.15 21710-900823-1339 -Job36.16 table. full 21711-900823-1341 -Job36.17 21712-900823-1343 -Job36.18 21713-900823-1346 -Job36.19 21714-900823-1348 -Job36.20 21715-900823-1352 -Job36.21 21716-900823-1358 -Job36.22 21717-900824-0949 -Job36.23 21718-900824-0953 -Job36.24 21720-900824-0956 -Job36.26 21721-900824-1159 -Job36.27 21722-900824-1207 -Job36.28 21723-900824-1209 -Job36.29 21724-900824-1213 -Job36.30 21725-900824-1219 -Job36.31 21726-900824-1223 -Job36.32 (Perhaps these difficult verses should be rendered, 'He covereth the concave with lightning, and chargeth it what it shall strike. Its noise declareth concerning him; a magazine of wrath against iniquity.') 21727-900824-1226 -Job36.33 21728-900824-1233 -Job37.1 1 God is to be feared because of his great works 15 His wisdom is unsearchable in them 21729-900824-1241 -Job37.2 21730-900824-1244 -Job37.3 21731-900824-1246 -Job37.4 21732-900824-1249 -Job37.5 21733-900824-1253 -Job37.6 to the showers of rain of his strength 21734-900824-1302 -Job37.7 21735-900824-1303 -Job37.8 21736-900824-1309 -Job37.9 21737-900824-1310 -Job37.10 21738-900824-1313 -Job37.11 21739-900824-1315 -Job37.12 21740-900824-1318 -Job37.13 21741-900824-1325 -Job37.14 21742-900824-1328 -Job37.15 21743-900824-1331 -Job37.16 21744-900824-1332 -Job37.17 21745-900824-1338 -Job37.18 21746-900824-1342 -Job37.19 21747-900824-1344 -Job37.20 21748-900824-1346 -Job37.21 21749-900824-1350 -Job37.22 21750-900824-1356 -Job37.23 21751-900824-1400 -Job37.24 21752-900824-1403 -Job38.1 1 God challenges Job to answer 4 God, by his mighty works, convinces Job of ignorance 31 and imbecility 21753-900824-1541 -Job38.2 21754-900824-1552 -Job38.3 21755-900825-1203 -Job38.4 21756-900825-1206 -Job38.5 21757-900825-1211 -Job38.6 21758-900825-1213 -Job38.7 21759-900825-1218 -Job38.8 21760-900825-1219 -Job38.9 21761-900825-1221 -Job38.10 upon it 21762-900825-1232 -Job38.11 (Thus far shall thy flux and reflux extend. The tides are marvellously limited and regulated, not only by the lunar and solar attraction, but by the quantum of time required to remove any part of the earth's surface, by its rotation round its axis, from under the immediate attractive influence of the sun and moon. Hence the attraction of the sun and moon, and the gravitation of the sea to its own centre, which prevent too great a flux on the one hand, and too great reflux on the other, are some of those bars and doors by which its proud waves are stayed, and prevented from coming farther.) 21763-900825-1234 -Job38.12 21764-900825-1237 -Job38.13 21765-900825-1238 -Job38.14 21766-900825-1240 -Job38.15 21767-900826-1848 -Job38.16 21768-900826-1900 -Job38.17 21769-900826-1903 -Job38.18 21770-900826-1906 -Job38.19 21771-900826-1907 -Job38.20 21772-900826-1908 -Job38.21 21773-900826-1913 -Job38.22 21774-900826-1923 -Job38.23 21775-900826-1924 -Job38.24 21776-900826-1925 -Job38.25 21777-900826-1939 -Job38.26 (It is well known that rain falls copiously in thunder storms. The flash is first seen, the clap is next heard, and last the rain descends; though in fact they all take place at the same time. The lightning traverses all space in no perceivable succession of time. Sound is propagated at the rate of 1142 feet in a second. Rain travels still more slowly, and will be seen sooner or later according to the weight of the drops, and the distance of the cloud. Now as water is composed of two elastic airs or gases, called oxygen and hydrogen, in the proportion of 88 1/4 of the former and 11 3/4 of the latter in 100 parts, the electric spark, or matter of lightning, passing through the atmosphere, ignites and decomposes those gases, which explode; and the water falls down in the form of rain. This explosion, as well as the rushing in of the circumambient air to restore the equilibrium, will account for the clap and peal; and thus by the lightning of thunder God causes it to rain on the earth.) 21779-900826-1944 -Job38.28 21780-900826-1945 -Job38.29 21781-900826-1946 -Job38.30 21782-900826-1949 -Job38.31 21783-900826-1951 -Job38.32 21784-900826-1953 -Job38.33 21785-900826-1954 -Job38.34 21786-900826-1956 -Job38.35 21787-900826-1959 -Job38.36 21788-900826-2004 -Job38.37 21789-900826-2005 -Job38.38 21790-900826-2007 -Job38.39 21791-900826-2007 -Job38.40 21792-900826-2008 -Job38.41 21793-900826-2013 -Job39.1 1 Of the wild goats and hinds 5 Of the wild ass 9 The unicorn 13 The peacock, stork, and ostrich 19 The horse 26 The hawk 27 The eagle 21794-900826-2015 -Job39.2 21797-900826-2017 -Job39.5 21798-900827-0957 -Job39.6 21799-900827-0959 -Job39.7 21800-900827-1001 -Job39.8 21801-900827-1002 -Job39.9 21802-900827-1003 -Job39.10 21803-900827-1006 -Job39.11 21804-900827-1008 -Job39.12 21805-900827-1024 -Job39.13 21808-900827-1026 -Job39.16 21809-900827-1028 -Job39.17 21810-900827-1029 -Job39.18 21811-900827-1031 -Job39.19 21812-900827-1032 -Job39.20 21813-900827-1034 -Job39.21 21814-900827-1035 -Job39.22 21815-900827-1036 -Job39.23 21816-900827-1037 -Job39.24 21817-900827-1038 -Job39.25 21818-900827-1556 -Job39.26 (Netz, Arabic naz, Latin nisus, the hawk, so called from natzah, to shoot away, fly, because of the rapidity of its flight. It probably comprehends various species of the falcon family, as the ger-falcon, goshawk, and sparrowhawk.) (Is it through thy teaching that the falcon, or any other bird of passage, knows the precise time for taking flight, and the direction in which she is to go to arrive at a warmer climate?) 21819-900827-1559 -Job39.27 21820-900827-1601 -Job39.28 21821-900827-1602 -Job39.29 (The eagle is proverbial for her strong and clear sight.) 21822-900827-1603 -Job39.30 21823-900827-1605 -Job40.1 1 Job humbles himself to God 6 God stirs him up to shew his righteousness, power, and wisdom 16 Of the behemoth 21824-900827-1610 -Job40.2 21826-900827-1617 -Job40.4 21827-900827-2005 -Job40.5 21828-900827-2006 -Job40.6 21829-900827-2008 -Job40.7 21830-900827-2010 -Job40.8 21831-900827-2013 -Job40.9 21832-900827-2016 -Job40.10 21833-900827-2021 -Job40.11 21834-900827-2024 -Job40.12 21835-900827-2025 -Job40.13 21836-900827-2026 -Job40.14 21837-900827-2040 -Job40.15 (The Hebrew word is probably the same as the Egyptian Pehemou, Pehemout, (from P, the article, ehe, a bull and mout, water:) the hippopotamus, or river horse. It is nearly as large as the elephant; its head is enormously large, its mouth very wide, the jaws extending upwards of two feet, armed with four cutting teeth, each twelve inches long; its hide is so tough and so thick as to resist the strokes of a sabre, and it thinly covered with hair of lightish colour; its legs are three feet long; though amphibious, its hoofs, which are quadrified, are unconnected; and its tail is naked, about a foot in length, but exceedingly thick and strong. It inhabits the rivers of Africa; feeds on grass and other vegetables; moves slowly and heavily; swims dexterously; sleeps in reedy places; has a tremendous voice between the lowing of the ox and the roar of the elephant; and when irritated, will attack boats and men with fury.) 21839-900827-2042 -Job40.17 21840-900827-2042 -Job40.18 21841-900827-2043 -Job40.19 21842-900827-2044 -Job40.20 21843-900827-2045 -Job40.21 21844-900827-2046 -Job40.22 21845-900827-2048 -Job40.23 21846-900827-2049 -Job40.24 gin? 21847-900827-2053 -Job41.1 Of God's great power in the leviathan 21848-900828-0925 -Job41.2 21849-900828-0926 -Job41.3 21850-900828-0927 -Job41.4 21851-900828-0928 -Job41.5 21852-900828-0929 -Job41.6 21853-900828-1639 -Job41.7 (The Leviathan, described here, has been solidly proved by Bochart to denote the crocodile; and the description suits no other species of amphibious animals. It is a species of lizard, with a two-edged tail, large oblong head, small but vivacious eyes, short legs, and triangular feet, the fore ones having four, and the hinder ones five toes, armed with strong, sharp claws. Its length is usually about twenty feet, and its circumference about five feet; it has, in proportion to its size, the largest mouth of all monsters; moves both its jaws equally, the upper of which is armed with not less than forty, and the under with thirty-eight sharp, strong, and massy teeth; its voice is a loud, hollow growling, of the most terrific description; and is furnished with a coat of mail, so scaly and callous as to resist the force of a musket-ball in every part, except under the belly. It is a natural inhabitant of the Nile, and other African and Asiatic rivers; is of enormous voracity and strength, as well as fleetness in swimming; attacks mankind and the largest animals with the most daring impetuosity; and when taken by means of a powerful net, will often overturn the boats that surround it. Nothing that it once seizes can escape; and, shaking its prey to pieces, it is swallowed without mastication.) 21854-900828-1641 -Job41.8 21855-900828-1642 -Job41.9 21856-900828-1645 -Job41.10 21857-900828-1647 -Job41.11 21858-900828-1648 -Job41.12 21859-900828-1649 -Job41.13 21860-900828-1650 -Job41.14 21861-900828-1651 -Job41.15 21864-900828-1652 -Job41.18 21865-900828-1653 -Job41.19 21866-900828-1654 -Job41.20 21867-900828-1654 -Job41.21 21868-900828-2036 -Job41.22 21869-900828-2037 -Job41.23 21870-900828-2038 -Job41.24 21871-900828-2039 -Job41.25 21872-900828-2040 -Job41.26 21874-900828-2041 -Job41.28 21875-900828-2041 -Job41.29 21876-900828-2043 -Job41.30 (So hard and impenetrable are his scales, that splinters of flint are the same to him as the softest reeds.) 21877-900828-2046 -Job41.31 (When a large crocodile dives to the bottom, the violent agitation of the water may justly be compared to liquor boiling in a caldron; and his body being strongly impregnated with the scent of musk, the water is affected by it to a considerable distance. In the oriental style, great rivers and lakes are called seas.) 21878-900828-2048 -Job41.32 (By his rapid passage through the water he makes it white with foam; and by his tail he causes the waves behind him to sparkle like a trail of light.) 21879-900828-2050 -Job41.33 (There is no creature among terrestrial animals so thoroughly dangerous, so exceedingly strong, and so difficult to be wounded or slain; and perhaps there is no creature so totally destitute of fear as the crocodile.) 21880-900828-2051 -Job41.34 21881-900828-2054 -Job42.1 1 Job submits himself unto God 7 God, preferring Job's cause, makes his friends submit themselves, and accepts him 10 He magnifies and blesses Job 16 Job's age and death 21882-900829-1002 -Job42.2 21883-900829-1004 -Job42.3 21884-900829-1005 -Job42.4 21885-900829-1007 -Job42.5 21886-900829-1015 -Job42.6 21887-900829-1018 -Job42.7 21888-900829-1026 -Job42.8 (From this it appears that Job was considered as a priest, not only to his own family, but also to others. For his children he offered burnt offerings, (ch. 1.5,) and now he is to make the same kind of offerings, accompanied with intercession, in behalf of his three friends. This is a full proof of the innocence and integrity of Job.) 21889-900829-1145 -Job42.9 21890-900829-1152 -Job42.10 had been to Job unto the double 21891-900829-1156 -Job42.11 21892-900829-1200 -Job42.12 21893-900829-1202 -Job42.13 21895-900829-1248 -Job42.15 21896-900829-1252 -Job42.16 (How long he had lived before his afflictions we cannot tell: if we could rely upon the LXX. all would be plain, which adds here, 'And all the years he lived were two hundred and forty.') 21897-900829-1257 -Job42.17 21898-900114-1626 -Ps1.1 Psalms 1:1 CONCLUDING REMARKS ON THE BOOK OF PSALMS The Psalms have been the general song of the universal Church; and in their praise, all the Fathers have been unanimously eloquent. Men of all nations find in these compositions a language at once suitable to their feelings, and expressive of their highest joys and deepest sorrows, as well as of all the endlessly varied wishes and desires of their hearts. Whether the pious believer is disposed to indulge the exalted sentiments of praise and thanksgiving towards the ALMIGHTY FATHER of his being; to pour out his soul in penitence or prayer; to bewail, with tears of contrition, past offences; to magnify the goodness and mercy of GOD; to dwell with ecstacy on the divine attributes of wisdom and omnipotence; or to rejoice in the coming of the MESSIAH, the Psalms afford him the most perfect models for expressing all his feelings. 4-6 The unhappiness of the ungodly 21899-900114-1657 -Ps1.2 Psalm 1:2 21900-900114-1700 -Ps1.3 21901-900114-1701 -Ps1.4 21902-900114-1702 -Ps1.5 21903-900114-1703 -Ps1.6 21904-900114-1708 -Ps2.1 10-12 Kings are exhorted to accept it 21905-900114-1711 -Ps2.2 21906-900114-1712 -Ps2.3 21907-900114-1713 -Ps2.4 21908-900114-1715 -Ps2.5 21909-900114-1718 -Ps2.6 21910-900114-1720 -Ps2.7 21911-900114-1721 -Ps2.8 Psalms 2:8 21912-900114-1722 -Ps2.9 21913-900114-1724 -Ps2.10 21914-900114-1725 -Ps2.11 21915-900114-1732 -Ps2.12 The LXX and Vulgate have, and ye perish from the righteous way: and the Syriac `and ye perish from his way.' 21916-900114-1737 -Ps3.1 A.M. 2083 B.C. 1021 (Title) Psalm Mizmor, for the verb to [cut, prune, sing], a poem [cut] into short sentences, divided into syllables, [pruned] from every redundancy, and thus adapted for [singing] 21917-900114-1738 -Ps3.2 21918-900114-1740 -Ps3.3 21919-900114-1742 -Ps3.4 21920-900114-1744 -Ps3.5 21921-900114-1745 -Ps3.6 21922-900114-1747 -Ps3.7 21923-900114-1749 -Ps3.8 21924-900114-1758 -Ps4.1 2-5 He reproves and exhorts his enemies 6-8 Man's happiness is in God's favour 21925-900114-1800 -Ps4.2 21926-900114-1802 -Ps4.3 21927-900114-1804 -Ps4.4 21928-900114-1807 -Ps4.5 21929-900114-1809 -Ps4.6 21930-900114-1810 -Ps4.7 21931-900114-1812 -Ps4.8 21932-900114-2205 -Ps5.1 Psalms 5:1 4-6 God favours not the wicked 7-9 David, professing his faith, prays to God to guide him 10 to destroy his enemies 11,12 and to preserve the godly 21933-900114-1818 -Ps5.2 21934-900114-1819 -Ps5.3 21935-900114-1820 -Ps5.4 21936-900114-1822 -Ps5.5 21937-900114-1824 -Ps5.6 21938-900114-1828 -Ps5.7 21939-900114-1830 -Ps5.8 21940-900114-1834 -Ps5.9 21941-900114-1840 -Ps5.10 21942-900114-1843 -Ps5.11 21943-900114-1845 -Ps5.12 21944-900114-2208 -Ps6.1 8-10 He triumphs over his enemies 21945-900114-2210 -Ps6.2 21946-900114-2212 -Ps6.3 21947-900114-2215 -Ps6.4 21948-900114-2216 -Ps6.5 21949-900114-2219 -Ps6.6 21950-900114-2220 -Ps6.7 21951-900114-2222 -Ps6.8 21952-900114-2224 -Ps6.9 21953-900114-2229 -Ps6.10 21954-900114-2240 -Ps7.1 innocency 1-17 By faith he sees his defence, and the destruction of his enemies a [mournful song] or [elegy] from the Arabic [shaga] to be [anxious, sorrowful] Cush signifies [black], an epithet, in all languages, when applied to he mind, expressive of moral turpitude; and therefore probably here applied to [Shimei], denoting that he was a calumniator and villain 21955-900114-2242 -Ps7.2 21956-900114-2244 -Ps7.3 21957-900114-2245 -Ps7.4 21958-900114-2247 -Ps7.5 21959-900114-2249 -Ps7.6 21960-900114-2251 -Ps7.7 21961-900114-2253 -Ps7.8 21962-900114-2256 -Ps7.9 21963-900114-2257 -Ps7.10 21964-900114-2258 -Ps7.11 21965-900114-2259 -Ps7.12 21966-900114-2301 -Ps7.13 21967-900114-2302 -Ps7.14 21968-900114-2304 -Ps7.15 21969-900114-2306 -Ps7.16 21970-900114-2307 -Ps7.17 21971-900115-1932 -Ps8.1 21972-900115-1935 -Ps8.2 21973-900115-1937 -Ps8.3 21974-900115-1939 -Ps8.4 21975-900115-1941 -Ps8.5 21976-900115-1943 -Ps8.6 21977-900115-1943 -Ps8.7 21978-900115-1945 -Ps8.8 21979-900115-1945 -Ps8.9 21980-900115-1953 -Ps9.1 11,12 He incites others to praise him 13-20 He prays that he may have cause to praise him of the champion:' so the Chaldee has, `A Psalm of David, to be sung concerning the death of the man who went out between ([mibbeyney]) the camps;' evidently considering [labben], of the same import as [bainayim], a middle-man or champion,' as Goliath is termed 1sa 17.4, concerning whose defeat this psalm is generally supposed to have been composed. 21981-900115-1955 -Ps9.2 21982-900115-1956 -Ps9.3 21983-900115-1958 -Ps9.4 21984-900115-2000 -Ps9.5 21985-900115-2004 -Ps9.6 end, and [their] critics hast thou destroyed 21986-900115-2005 -Ps9.7 21987-900115-2006 -Ps9.8 21988-900115-2008 -Ps9.9 21989-900115-2011 -Ps9.10 21990-900115-2013 -Ps9.11 21991-900115-2021 -Ps9.12 21992-900115-2023 -Ps9.13 21993-900115-2026 -Ps9.14 21994-900115-2027 -Ps9.15 21995-900115-2030 -Ps9.16 21996-900115-2033 -Ps9.17 21997-900115-2036 -Ps9.18 21998-900115-2041 -Ps9.19 21999-900115-2043 -Ps9.20 22000-900115-2045 -Ps10.1 12-15 He prays for remedy 16-18 He professes his confidence 22001-900115-2048 -Ps10.2 22002-900115-2053 -Ps10.3 Lord 22003-900115-2056 -Ps10.4 22004-900115-2058 -Ps10.5 22005-900115-2100 -Ps10.6 22006-900115-2103 -Ps10.7 22007-900115-2104 -Ps10.8 22008-900115-2107 -Ps10.9 22009-900115-2109 -Ps10.10 22010-900115-2110 -Ps10.11 22011-900115-2112 -Ps10.12 22012-900115-2113 -Ps10.13 22013-900115-2117 -Ps10.14 22014-900115-2118 -Ps10.15 22015-900115-2120 -Ps10.16 22016-900115-2124 -Ps10.17 22017-900115-2125 -Ps10.18 22018-900115-2128 -Ps11.1 4-7 The providence and justice of God 22019-900115-2130 -Ps11.2 22020-900115-2132 -Ps11.3 22021-900115-2135 -Ps11.4 22022-900115-2137 -Ps11.5 22023-900115-2139 -Ps11.6 22024-900115-2141 -Ps11.7 22025-900115-2144 -Ps12.1 3-8 He comforts himself with God's promises, and his judgments on the wicked 22026-900115-2147 -Ps12.2 22027-900115-2149 -Ps12.3 22028-900115-2150 -Ps12.4 22029-900115-2153 -Ps12.5 22030-900115-2154 -Ps12.6 22031-900115-2156 -Ps12.7 22032-900115-2158 -Ps12.8 22033-900115-2201 -Ps13.1 3,4 He prays for preventing grace 5,6 He boasts of divine mercy 22034-900116-1749 -Ps13.2 22035-900116-1752 -Ps13.3 22036-900116-1753 -Ps13.4 22037-900116-1755 -Ps13.5 22038-900116-1756 -Ps13.6 22039-900116-1800 -Ps14.1 4-6 He convinces the wicked by the light of their conscience 7 He glories in the salvation of God 22040-900116-1802 -Ps14.2 22041-900116-1805 -Ps14.3 22042-900116-1807 -Ps14.4 22043-900116-1809 -Ps14.5 22044-900116-1811 -Ps14.6 22045-900116-1812 -Ps14.7 22046-900116-1815 -Ps15.1 22047-900212-2223 -Ps15.2 22048-900116-1820 -Ps15.3 22049-900116-1822 -Ps15.4 22050-900116-1825 -Ps15.5 22051-900116-1829 -Ps16.1 5-11 He shews the hope of his calling, of the resurrection, and life everlasting David 22052-900211-1617 -Ps16.2 22053-900211-1621 -Ps16.3 22054-900211-1624 -Ps16.4 22055-900211-1627 -Ps16.5 22056-900211-1629 -Ps16.6 22057-900211-1631 -Ps16.7 22058-900211-1633 -Ps16.8 22059-900211-1635 -Ps16.9 22060-900211-1640 -Ps16.10 or from [holl], a cavern, though now used only for the place of torment, anciently denoted the [concealed] or [unseen place] of the dead in general; corresponding to the Greek [] the [invisible place] and the Hebrew [sheol], to ask, seek, the place and state of those who are out of the way, and to be sought for. 22061-900211-1643 -Ps16.11 22062-900211-1649 -Ps17.1 against his enemies 10-12 He shews their pride, craft, and eagerness 13-15 He prays against them in confidence of his hope 22063-900211-1725 -Ps17.2 22064-900211-1728 -Ps17.3 22065-900211-1730 -Ps17.4 22066-900211-1731 -Ps17.5 22067-900211-1733 -Ps17.6 22068-900211-1735 -Ps17.7 up against thy right hand. 22069-900211-1737 -Ps17.8 22070-900211-1738 -Ps17.9 22071-900211-1740 -Ps17.10 22072-900211-1740 -Ps17.11 22073-900211-1743 -Ps17.12 them) is as a lion that desireth to ravin. 22074-900211-1745 -Ps17.13 22075-900211-1748 -Ps17.14 22076-900211-1751 -Ps17.15 22077-900211-1757 -Ps18.1 22078-900211-1800 -Ps18.2 22079-900211-1802 -Ps18.3 22080-900211-1804 -Ps18.4 22081-900211-1805 -Ps18.5 22082-900211-1806 -Ps18.6 22083-900211-1808 -Ps18.7 22084-900211-1810 -Ps18.8 22085-900221-1537 -Ps18.9 forth to fight the battles of David, When He descended to the engagement, the very heavens bowed to render his descent more awful: His military tent was substantial darkness; the voice of His thunder was the warlike alarm which sounded to battle; the chariot in which He rode was the thick clouds of heaven, conducted by cherubs, and carried on by the irresistable force and rapid wings of an impetuous tempest; and the darts and weapons He employed were thunder-bolts, lightnings, fiery hail, deluging rains, and stormy winds! No wonder that when God arose all His enemies were scattered, and those that hated Him fled before Him. 22086-900221-1539 -Ps18.10 22087-900221-1540 -Ps18.11 22088-900221-1541 -Ps18.12 22089-900221-1543 -Ps18.13 22090-900221-1544 -Ps18.14 22091-900221-1546 -Ps18.15 22092-900221-1547 -Ps18.16 22093-900221-1550 -Ps18.17 22094-900221-1551 -Ps18.18 22095-900221-1552 -Ps18.19 22096-900221-1554 -Ps18.20 22097-900221-1555 -Ps18.21 22098-900221-1555 -Ps18.22 22099-900221-1558 -Ps18.23 22100-900221-1600 -Ps18.24 22101-900221-1601 -Ps18.25 22102-900221-1603 -Ps18.26 22103-900221-1605 -Ps18.27 22104-900221-1607 -Ps18.28 22105-900221-1609 -Ps18.29 22106-900221-1610 -Ps18.30 22107-900221-1611 -Ps18.31 22108-900221-1614 -Ps18.32 The girdle was a necessary part of the eastern dress: It strengthened and supported the the loins; served to confine the garments close to the body; and to tuck them in when journeying. The strength of God was to his soul what the girdle was to his body. 22109-900221-1615 -Ps18.33 22110-900221-1616 -Ps18.34 22111-900221-1631 -Ps18.35 22112-900221-1632 -Ps18.36 22113-900221-1633 -Ps18.37 22114-900221-1636 -Ps18.38 22115-900221-1639 -Ps18.39 22116-900221-1639 -Ps18.40 22117-900221-1640 -Ps18.41 22118-900221-1641 -Ps18.42 22119-900221-1644 -Ps18.43 22120-900221-1647 -Ps18.44 22121-900221-1648 -Ps18.45 22122-900221-1650 -Ps18.46 22123-900221-1651 -Ps18.47 22124-900221-1652 -Ps18.48 22125-900221-1653 -Ps18.49 22126-900221-1656 -Ps18.50 22127-900221-1907 -Ps19.1 7-12 The excellency of the divine law 12-14 David prays for grace (Title.) A pslam. It is uncertain when this highly finished and beautiful ode was composed; though some think it was written by David in the wilderness when persecuted by Saul. only containing the celestial bodies, but also the the air, light, rain, dews, etc. all of which display the infinite power and wisdom of their Almighty Creator 22128-900221-1909 -Ps19.2 22129-900221-1913 -Ps19.3 heard; yet into all the earth hath gone out their sound, and to the extremity of the world their words.' The Hebrew, kav, rendered, line, like the Greek [ ] by which the LXX (who are followed by St. Paul), render it, no doubt signifies the sound as well as the cord which emits it. The Vulgate, Jerome, and Symmachus, render it to the same purpose. their voice heard. 22130-900221-1917 -Ps19.4 22131-900221-1919 -Ps19.5 22132-900221-1921 -Ps19.6 22133-900221-1927 -Ps19.7 22134-900221-1930 -Ps19.8 22135-900221-1934 -Ps19.9 22136-900221-1936 -Ps19.10 22137-900221-2001 -Ps19.11 22138-900221-2002 -Ps19.12 22139-900221-2005 -Ps19.13 22140-900221-2008 -Ps19.14 22141-900221-2012 -Ps20.1 7-9 and expresses her confidence in God's succour 22142-900221-2014 -Ps20.2 22143-900221-2017 -Ps20.3 22144-900221-2018 -Ps20.4 22145-900221-2020 -Ps20.5 22146-900221-2023 -Ps20.6 22147-900221-2025 -Ps20.7 22148-900221-2026 -Ps20.8 22149-900221-2027 -Ps20.9 22150-900221-2031 -Ps21.1 7-13 with confidence of further success (Title.) A psalm. This is the people's [ ] or song of triumph, aftehr the victory for which they prayed in the former psalm. 22151-900221-2031 -Ps21.2 22152-900221-2033 -Ps21.3 22153-900221-2034 -Ps21.4 22154-900221-2036 -Ps21.5 22155-900221-2039 -Ps21.6 22156-900221-2041 -Ps21.7 22157-900221-2045 -Ps21.8 22158-900221-2047 -Ps21.9 22159-900221-2048 -Ps21.10 22160-900221-2051 -Ps21.11 22161-900221-2053 -Ps21.12 22162-900221-2055 -Ps21.13 22163-900221-2104 -Ps22.1 9-22 He prays in great distress 23-31 He praises God 22164-900221-2107 -Ps22.2 22165-900221-2109 -Ps22.3 22166-900221-2110 -Ps22.4 22167-900221-2111 -Ps22.5 22168-900221-2113 -Ps22.6 22169-900221-2117 -Ps22.7 22170-900221-2119 -Ps22.8 22171-900221-2121 -Ps22.9 22172-900221-2122 -Ps22.10 22173-900221-2124 -Ps22.11 22174-900221-2125 -Ps22.12 22175-900221-2128 -Ps22.13 22176-900221-2129 -Ps22.14 22177-900221-2131 -Ps22.15 22178-900221-2141 -Ps22.16 The textual reading is kaari, `as a lion my hands and feet;' but several MSS read karoo, and others karoo in the margin, which affords the reading adopted by our translators. So the LXX [], so also the Vulgate, Syriac, Arabic, and Ethiopic; and as all the Evangelists so quote the passage, and apply it to the cucifixion of Christ, there seems little doubt that this is the genuine reading; especially when it is considered that the other contains no sense at all. The whole difference lies between wav and yood, which might be easily taken for one another. 22179-900221-2142 -Ps22.17 22180-900221-2142 -Ps22.18 22181-900221-2145 -Ps22.19 22182-900221-2146 -Ps22.20 22183-900221-2148 -Ps22.21 22184-900221-2149 -Ps22.22 22185-900221-2152 -Ps22.23 22186-900221-2153 -Ps22.24 22187-900221-2154 -Ps22.25 22188-900221-2155 -Ps22.26 22189-900221-2157 -Ps22.27 22190-900221-2158 -Ps22.28 22191-900221-2200 -Ps22.29 22192-900221-2201 -Ps22.30 22193-900221-2203 -Ps22.31 22194-900221-2205 -Ps23.1 22195-900221-2208 -Ps23.2 22196-900221-2210 -Ps23.3 22197-900221-2213 -Ps23.4 22198-900221-2216 -Ps23.5 22199-900221-2218 -Ps23.6 22200-900221-2221 -Ps24.1 3-6 The citizens of his spiritual kingdom 7-10 An exhortation to receive him 22201-900221-2223 -Ps24.2 22202-900225-1845 -Ps24.3 22203-900221-2228 -Ps24.4 22204-900221-2231 -Ps24.5 22205-900221-2232 -Ps24.6 22206-900221-2234 -Ps24.7 22207-900221-2237 -Ps24.8 22208-900221-2237 -Ps24.9 22209-900221-2238 -Ps24.10 22210-900221-2241 -Ps25.1 7-15 He prays for remission of sins 16-22 and for help in affliction 22211-900221-2244 -Ps25.2 22212-900221-2247 -Ps25.3 22213-900221-2248 -Ps25.4 22214-900221-2252 -Ps25.5 22215-900221-2255 -Ps25.6 22216-900221-2257 -Ps25.7 22217-900221-2259 -Ps25.8 22218-900221-2301 -Ps25.9 22219-900221-2305 -Ps25.10 22220-900222-1038 -Ps25.11 22221-900222-1039 -Ps25.12 22222-900222-1043 -Ps25.13 22223-900222-1047 -Ps25.14 22224-900222-1048 -Ps25.15 22225-900222-1049 -Ps25.16 22226-900222-1050 -Ps25.17 22227-900222-1051 -Ps25.18 22228-900222-1054 -Ps25.19 22229-900222-1056 -Ps25.20 22230-900222-1057 -Ps25.21 22231-900222-1057 -Ps25.22 22232-900222-1100 -Ps26.1 22233-900222-1101 -Ps26.2 22234-900222-1104 -Ps26.3 22235-900222-1105 -Ps26.4 22236-900222-1107 -Ps26.5 22237-900222-1108 -Ps26.6 22238-900222-1110 -Ps26.7 22239-900222-1113 -Ps26.8 22240-900222-1116 -Ps26.9 22241-900222-1118 -Ps26.10 22242-900222-1121 -Ps26.11 22243-900222-1122 -Ps26.12 22244-900222-1132 -Ps27.1 22245-900222-1133 -Ps27.2 22246-900222-1135 -Ps27.3 22247-900222-1138 -Ps27.4 22248-900222-1142 -Ps27.5 22249-900222-1148 -Ps27.6 22250-900222-1149 -Ps27.7 22251-900222-1150 -Ps27.8 22252-900222-1153 -Ps27.9 22253-900222-1154 -Ps27.10 22254-900222-1157 -Ps27.11 22255-900222-1158 -Ps27.12 22256-900222-1200 -Ps27.13 22257-900222-1203 -Ps27.14 22258-900222-1206 -Ps28.1 6-9 and for the people 22259-900222-1207 -Ps28.2 22260-900222-1209 -Ps28.3 22261-900222-1211 -Ps28.4 22262-900222-1214 -Ps28.5 22263-900222-1214 -Ps28.6 22264-900222-1218 -Ps28.7 22265-900222-1220 -Ps28.8 22266-900222-1222 -Ps28.9 22267-900222-1440 -Ps29.1 3-10 by reason of is power 11 and protection of his people 22268-900222-1443 -Ps29.2 22269-900222-1446 -Ps29.3 22270-900222-1448 -Ps29.4 22271-900222-1448 -Ps29.5 22272-900222-1449 -Ps29.6 22273-900222-1451 -Ps29.7 22274-900222-1452 -Ps29.8 22275-900222-1456 -Ps29.9 and maketh bare the forrests;' understanding ayyaloth, as denoting here, not hinds, but oaks, as it signifies in Syriac 22276-900222-1457 -Ps29.10 22277-900222-1459 -Ps29.11 22278-900222-1505 -Ps30.1 4-12 He exhorts others to praise him by example of God's dealings with him at the dedication of the house;' by which is supposed to be meant the place he built on the threshing floor of Araunab, after the grievous plague which had nearly desolated the kingdom 22279-900222-1507 -Ps30.2 22280-900222-1509 -Ps30.3 22281-900222-1511 -Ps30.4 22282-900222-1515 -Ps30.5 22283-900222-1516 -Ps30.6 22284-900222-1518 -Ps30.7 22285-900222-1519 -Ps30.8 22286-900222-1519 -Ps30.9 22287-900222-1520 -Ps30.10 22288-900222-1523 -Ps30.11 22289-900222-1524 -Ps30.12 22290-900222-1527 -Ps31.1 7,8 He rejoices in his mercy 9-18 He prays in his calamity 19-24 He praises God for his goodness 22291-900222-1529 -Ps31.2 22292-900222-1534 -Ps31.3 22293-900222-1542 -Ps31.4 22294-900222-1544 -Ps31.5 22295-900222-1546 -Ps31.6 22296-900222-1548 -Ps31.7 22297-900222-1549 -Ps31.8 22298-900222-1550 -Ps31.9 22299-900222-1551 -Ps31.10 22300-900222-1554 -Ps31.11 22301-900222-1555 -Ps31.12 22302-900222-1557 -Ps31.13 22303-900222-1558 -Ps31.14 22304-900222-1600 -Ps31.15 22305-900222-1603 -Ps31.16 22306-900222-1610 -Ps31.17 22307-900222-1610 -Ps31.18 22308-900222-1612 -Ps31.19 22309-900222-1614 -Ps31.20 22310-900222-1615 -Ps31.21 22311-900222-1617 -Ps31.22 22312-900222-1619 -Ps31.23 22313-900222-1620 -Ps31.24 22314-900222-1646 -Ps32.1 3-7 Confession of sins gives ease to the conscience 8-11 God's promises bring joy instruction 22315-900222-1647 -Ps32.2 22316-900222-1650 -Ps32.3 22317-900222-1651 -Ps32.4 22318-900222-1654 -Ps32.5 22319-900222-1658 -Ps32.6 22320-900222-1700 -Ps32.7 22321-900222-1702 -Ps32.8 thee 22322-900222-1703 -Ps32.9 22323-900222-1704 -Ps32.10 22324-900222-1708 -Ps32.11 22325-900222-1711 -Ps33.1 6-11 for his power 12-19 and for his providence 20-22 Confidence is to be placed in God 22326-900222-2002 -Ps33.2 nabla;' 22327-900222-2003 -Ps33.3 22328-900222-2006 -Ps33.4 22329-900222-2007 -Ps33.5 22330-900222-2009 -Ps33.6 22331-900222-2010 -Ps33.7 22332-900222-2011 -Ps33.8 22333-900222-2012 -Ps33.9 22334-900222-2015 -Ps33.10 22335-900222-2017 -Ps33.11 22336-900222-2018 -Ps33.12 22337-900222-2020 -Ps33.13 22338-900222-2021 -Ps33.14 22339-900222-2022 -Ps33.15 22340-900222-2024 -Ps33.16 22341-900222-2025 -Ps33.17 22342-900222-2026 -Ps33.18 22343-900222-2029 -Ps33.19 22344-900222-2030 -Ps33.20 22345-900222-2032 -Ps33.21 22346-900222-2032 -Ps33.22 22347-900222-2051 -Ps34.1 experience 8-10 They are blessed that trust in God 11-14 He exhorts to the fear of God 15-22 The privileges of the righteous second of the alphabetical Psalms (the first being Ps. 25); each verse beginning consecutively with a letter of the Hebrew alphabet. The verse, however, which begins with [] and which should should come in between the fifth and sixth, is totally wanting; but as the 22nd, which now begins with [] 'redeemeth,` is entirely out of the series, it is not improbable that it was originally written oophodeh, `and redeemeth' and occupied that situation, in which connection it reads admirably 22348-900222-2053 -Ps34.2 22349-900222-2054 -Ps34.3 22350-900222-2056 -Ps34.4 22351-900222-2118 -Ps34.5 22352-900222-2119 -Ps34.6 22353-900222-2121 -Ps34.7 22354-900222-2122 -Ps34.8 22355-900222-2124 -Ps34.9 22356-900222-2125 -Ps34.10 22357-900222-2127 -Ps34.11 22358-900222-2127 -Ps34.12 22359-900222-2129 -Ps34.13 22360-900222-2132 -Ps34.14 22361-900222-2133 -Ps34.15 22362-900222-2134 -Ps34.16 22363-900222-2139 -Ps34.17 Hebrew text; but it is preserved in all the versions; and it was probably lost from its similtude to [tzaakoo], `they cry:' -- tzaakoo tazddeekim, `the righteous cry.' 22364-900222-2141 -Ps34.18 22365-900222-2144 -Ps34.19 22366-900222-2144 -Ps34.20 22367-900222-2146 -Ps34.21 22368-900222-2148 -Ps34.22 22369-900222-2151 -Ps35.1 11-21 He complains of their wrongful dealing 22-28 Thereby he incites God against them 22370-900222-2152 -Ps35.2 22371-900222-2153 -Ps35.3 22372-900222-2155 -Ps35.4 22373-900222-2156 -Ps35.5 22374-900222-2157 -Ps35.6 22375-900222-2158 -Ps35.7 22376-900222-2202 -Ps35.8 original, are in the future tense, as a prediction, and should probably be so rendered, though as that tense is frequently used in Hebrew for the imperative, most translators, both ancient and modern, have considered them as an imprecation 22377-900222-2203 -Ps35.9 22378-900222-2206 -Ps35.10 22379-900222-2207 -Ps35.11 22380-900222-2210 -Ps35.12 22381-900222-2212 -Ps35.13 22382-900222-2213 -Ps35.14 22383-900222-2217 -Ps35.15 22384-900222-2218 -Ps35.16 22385-900222-2221 -Ps35.17 22386-900222-2223 -Ps35.18 22387-900222-2225 -Ps35.19 22388-900222-2227 -Ps35.20 22389-900222-2228 -Ps35.21 22390-900222-2229 -Ps35.22 22391-900222-2230 -Ps35.23 22392-900222-2231 -Ps35.24 22393-900222-2233 -Ps35.25 22394-900222-2236 -Ps35.26 22395-900222-2238 -Ps35.27 22396-900222-2239 -Ps35.28 22397-900222-2248 -Ps36.1 8,9 The excellency of God's mercy 10-12 David prays for favour to God's children supposed to hve been composed by David at the beginning of Saul's persecutions; but Calmet and others, on good grounds, are of opinion that it was written during the Babylonian captivity wicked is within [his heart]; there is no fear of God before his eyes;' for instead of [libbi] `my heart' four MSS have [libbo] `his heart' which is also the reading of the LXX, Vulgate, Syriac, Arabic, Ethipic, and Anglo -Saxon. 22398-900223-1022 -Ps36.2 22399-900223-1026 -Ps36.3 22400-900223-1029 -Ps36.4 22401-900223-1030 -Ps36.5 22402-900223-1034 -Ps36.6 22403-900223-1036 -Ps36.7 22404-900223-1042 -Ps36.8 a thirsty field by showers from heaven in which there is probably a reference to the garden of Eden, and the river that ran through and watered it. 22405-900223-1044 -Ps36.9 22406-900223-1046 -Ps36.10 22407-900223-1047 -Ps36.11 22408-900223-1049 -Ps36.12 22409-900223-1052 -Ps37.1 different estate of the godly and the wicked (Title.) This is the third alphabetical Psalm. It seems to have been intended as an instructive and consoling ode for the captives in Babylon, who might feel themselves severely tempted when they saw those idolaters in prosperity, and themselves in adversity. 22410-900223-1053 -Ps37.2 22411-900223-1056 -Ps37.3 22412-900223-1057 -Ps37.4 22413-900223-1059 -Ps37.5 22414-900223-1100 -Ps37.6 22415-900223-1102 -Ps37.7 22416-900223-1104 -Ps37.8 22417-900223-1109 -Ps37.9 given by God himself as an inheritance to their fathers, and their posterity forever: and this verse seems to contain a promise of their return thither 22418-900223-1112 -Ps37.10 22419-900223-1113 -Ps37.11 22420-900223-1114 -Ps37.12 22421-900223-1115 -Ps37.13 22422-900223-1116 -Ps37.14 22423-900223-1119 -Ps37.15 22424-900223-1120 -Ps37.16 22425-900223-1122 -Ps37.17 22426-900223-1130 -Ps37.18 22427-900223-1131 -Ps37.19 22428-900223-1133 -Ps37.20 wholly consumed in sacrifices, by the fire on the altar, so the wicked shall consume away in the fire of God's anger 22429-900223-1136 -Ps37.21 22430-900223-1137 -Ps37.22 22431-900223-1139 -Ps37.23 22432-900223-1141 -Ps37.24 22433-900223-1143 -Ps37.25 22434-900223-1428 -Ps37.26 22435-900223-2230 -Ps37.27 22436-900223-2233 -Ps37.28 22437-900223-2233 -Ps37.29 22438-900223-2234 -Ps37.30 22439-900223-2236 -Ps37.31 22440-900223-2237 -Ps37.32 22441-900223-2238 -Ps37.33 22442-900223-2242 -Ps37.34 one point to another. The first point is the human heart; the line is its intense desire; and the last point is God, to whom the heart extends this straight line of earnest desire. He who, while he waits on God, keeps his way, is sure to have the further blessings of which he is in pursuit. 22443-900223-2243 -Ps37.35 22444-900223-2244 -Ps37.36 22445-900223-2245 -Ps37.37 22446-900223-2246 -Ps37.38 22447-900223-2247 -Ps37.39 22448-900223-2248 -Ps37.40 22449-900223-2251 -Ps38.1 (Title.) This deeply penitential Psalm is supposed to have been composed by David under some grievous affliction, either bodily or mental, or both, after his illicit intercourse with Bathsheba 22450-900223-2252 -Ps38.2 22451-900223-2254 -Ps38.3 22452-900223-2255 -Ps38.4 22453-900223-2300 -Ps38.5 therefore the sacred writers describe them by the distempers of the body. (See the Parallel Texts on these verses.) On reading these and similar passages, say Bp. Lowth, some, who were but little acquainted with the genius of Hebrew poetry, have pretended to enquire into the nature of the disease with which the poet was afflicted; not less absurdly in my opinion, that if they had perplexed themselves to discover in what river he was plunged, when he complains that `the deep waters had gove over his soul.' 22454-900223-2301 -Ps38.6 22455-900223-2302 -Ps38.7 22456-900223-2306 -Ps38.8 22457-900223-2308 -Ps38.9 Jehovah 22458-900223-2310 -Ps38.10 22459-900223-2311 -Ps38.11 22460-900223-2313 -Ps38.12 22461-900223-2313 -Ps38.13 22462-900223-2314 -Ps38.14 22463-900223-2316 -Ps38.15 [yehowah,] Jehovah 22464-900223-2317 -Ps38.16 22465-900223-2318 -Ps38.17 22466-900223-2320 -Ps38.18 22467-900223-2323 -Ps38.19 `lively' Bp Lowth would read chinmon `without cause'--`but mine enemies without cause have strengthened themselves.' As this emendation renders this member of the sentence parallel to the other, it is by no means improbable 22468-900223-2325 -Ps38.20 22469-900223-2325 -Ps38.21 22470-900223-2326 -Ps38.22 22471-900223-2333 -Ps39.1 4-6 The consideration of the brevity and vanity of life 7-9 the revrence of God's judgments 10-13 and prayer, are his bridles of impatience same as Ethan, 1Ch 6.44, was one of the sons of Merari, and is supposed to have been one the four masters of music, or leaders of bands, belonging to the temple servoce. It is therefore probable thqt David, having composed this Psalm, gave it to Jeduthan and his company to sing; and it is very likely, that it was written on the same occasion as the preceding. 22472-900223-2334 -Ps39.2 22473-900223-2334 -Ps39.3 22474-900223-2335 -Ps39.4 22475-900223-2337 -Ps39.5 22476-900223-2341 -Ps39.6 he appeareth for a little, and then vanisheth 22477-900224-1013 -Ps39.7 22478-900223-2343 -Ps39.8 22479-900223-2344 -Ps39.9 22480-900223-2345 -Ps39.10 22481-900223-2347 -Ps39.11 away 22482-900223-2348 -Ps39.12 22483-900223-2349 -Ps39.13 22484-900223-2353 -Ps40.1 6-10 Obedience is the best sacrifice 11-17 The sense of David's evils inflames his prayer composed by David about the same time, and on the same occasion, as the two preceeding; with this difference, that here he magnifies God for have obtained the mercy which he sought there. it also contains a remarkable prophecy of the incarnation and sacrifice of Jesus Christ. 22485-900223-2356 -Ps40.2 22486-900223-2357 -Ps40.3 22487-900223-2359 -Ps40.4 22488-900224-0002 -Ps40.5 22489-900224-0003 -Ps40.6 22490-900224-1016 -Ps40.7 22491-900224-1018 -Ps40.8 22492-900224-1019 -Ps40.9 22493-900224-1021 -Ps40.10 22494-900224-1024 -Ps40.11 From this verse to the end, we have quite a new subject; for the former contains a thanksgiving, and this contains a supplication. It is nearly the same as the seventieth, and probably formed a distinct Psalm. 22495-900224-1026 -Ps40.12 22496-900224-1026 -Ps40.13 22497-900224-1029 -Ps40.14 the psalmist simply prays for deliverance, are in the imperative; but here, and in the following verses, they are in the future tense, and naturally express the language of lively faith and hope, rather than that of wishing the destruction foreseen and predicted. 22498-900224-1031 -Ps40.15 22499-900224-1033 -Ps40.16 22500-900224-1035 -Ps40.17 22501-900224-1041 -Ps41.1 4-9 David complains of his enemies' treachery 10-13 He flees to God for succour (Title.) This Psalm is supposed to have been written on the same occasion as the three former; and to relate to David's affliction and the evil treatment received from his enemies during its continuance. 22502-900224-1042 -Ps41.2 22503-900224-1043 -Ps41.3 22504-900224-1045 -Ps41.4 22505-900224-1045 -Ps41.5 22506-900224-1050 -Ps41.6 22507-900224-1051 -Ps41.7 22508-900224-1052 -Ps41.8 22509-900224-1054 -Ps41.9 22510-900224-1055 -Ps41.10 22511-900224-1055 -Ps41.11 22512-900224-1056 -Ps41.12 22513-900224-1059 -Ps41.13 psalm ends the forst of the five books into which the Hebrews have divided the Psalms 22514-900224-1104 -Ps42.1 5-11 He encourages his soul to trust in God A.M. 2983 B.C. 1021 (Title.) Maschil, or a Psalm giving instruc- tion, of the sons, etc. Or, `An instructive Psalm,' or didactic ode,`for the sons of Korah.' It is generally supposed to have been written by David when driven from Jerusalem and beyond Jordan, by Absalom's rebellion. 22515-900224-1105 -Ps42.2 22516-900224-1156 -Ps42.3 22517-900224-1159 -Ps42.4 22518-900224-1203 -Ps42.5 22519-900224-1205 -Ps42.6 22520-900224-1209 -Ps42.7 means of the electric fluid, the base being uppermost, and the point let dowm perpendicularly form the clouds. It has a particular kind of circular motion at the point; and, being hollow within, attracts vast quantities of water, which it frequently pours down in torrents upon the earth. These spouts are frequent on the coast of Syria; and no doubt the Psalmist had often seen them, and the ravages which they made. 22521-900224-1210 -Ps42.8 22522-900224-1212 -Ps42.9 22523-900224-1212 -Ps42.10 22524-900224-1213 -Ps42.11 22525-900224-1218 -Ps43.1 serve God joyfully 5 He encourages his soul to trust in God of the preceeding, and had the same author; and they are written as one in forty-six MSS. The sameness of subject, similarity of composition, and return of the same burden in both, are sufficient evidence of this opinion 22526-900224-1219 -Ps43.2 22527-900224-1221 -Ps43.3 22528-900224-1233 -Ps43.4 22529-900224-1233 -Ps43.5 22530-900224-1237 -Ps44.1 7-16 complains of her present evils 17-23 professing her integrity, 24-26 she fervently prays for succour 22531-900224-1241 -Ps44.2 peoples (of Canaan,) and madest then (the Hebrews) to shoot forth; `for halach is to send forth in any manner, and is applied to a vine spreading its roots 22532-900224-1242 -Ps44.3 22533-900224-1244 -Ps44.4 22534-900224-1245 -Ps44.5 22535-900224-1246 -Ps44.6 22536-900224-1248 -Ps44.7 22537-900224-1248 -Ps44.8 22538-900224-1249 -Ps44.9 22539-900224-1250 -Ps44.10 22540-900224-1252 -Ps44.11 22541-900224-1253 -Ps44.12 22542-900224-1254 -Ps44.13 22543-900224-1255 -Ps44.14 22544-900224-1255 -Ps44.15 22545-900224-1256 -Ps44.16 22546-900224-1257 -Ps44.17 22547-900224-1258 -Ps44.18 22548-900224-1300 -Ps44.19 22549-900224-1300 -Ps44.20 22550-900224-1301 -Ps44.21 22551-900224-1303 -Ps44.22 22552-900224-1304 -Ps44.23 22553-900224-1305 -Ps44.24 22554-900224-1305 -Ps44.25 22555-900224-1306 -Ps44.26 22556-900224-1320 -Ps45.1 10-17 The duty of the church, and the benefits thereof (Title.) To the chief. Or, rather, `To the chief musician upon the hexachords, a didactic ode for the sons of Korah, and a song of loves.' Shoshannim most probably denotes hexachords, or six stringed instruments, from shesh, `six:' hence the Persian shasta, a six stringed lute. This Psalm is supposed to be an epithalamium, or nuptial song, on the marriage of Solomon with Pharoh's daughter; but with what propriety could Solomon be described as fairer than the children of men, a mighty warrior, a victorius conqueror, and a prince whose throne is for ever and ever! A greater than Solomn is here; and the person described is no other than the Messiah, as is acknowledged by many Jewish writers. The Targum on ver 3. says, `Thy beauty, malka meshecha, O King Messiah, is greater than the children of men:' and the Apostle expressly quotes it as such He. 1.8,9. It was probably written by David after Nathan's prophetic address 22557-900224-1434 -Ps45.2 22558-900224-1434 -Ps45.3 22559-900224-1434 -Ps45.4 22560-900224-1434 -Ps45.5 22561-900224-1434 -Ps45.6 22562-900224-1434 -Ps45.7 22563-900224-1436 -Ps45.8 22564-900224-1438 -Ps45.9 22565-900224-1439 -Ps45.10 22566-900224-1441 -Ps45.11 22567-900224-1443 -Ps45.12 22568-900224-1444 -Ps45.13 22569-900224-1445 -Ps45.14 22570-900224-1447 -Ps45.15 22571-900224-1448 -Ps45.16 22572-900224-1449 -Ps45.17 22573-900224-1453 -Ps46.1 8-11 An exhortation to behold it 22574-900224-1454 -Ps46.2 22575-900224-1456 -Ps46.3 22576-900224-1458 -Ps46.4 22577-900224-1502 -Ps46.5 22578-900224-1504 -Ps46.6 22579-900224-1505 -Ps46.7 22580-900224-1506 -Ps46.8 22581-900224-1507 -Ps46.9 22582-900224-1508 -Ps46.10 22583-900224-1509 -Ps46.11 22584-900224-1513 -Ps47.1 Christ. Solomon on the removal of the ark into the temple. 2CH ch.7 22585-900224-1515 -Ps47.2 22586-900224-1516 -Ps47.3 22587-900224-1518 -Ps47.4 22588-900224-1521 -Ps47.5 22589-900224-1523 -Ps47.6 22590-900224-1525 -Ps47.7 22591-900224-1526 -Ps47.8 22592-900224-1529 -Ps47.9 people of 22593-900224-1533 -Ps48.1 been sung at the dedication of the second temple; though some think it was composed on the victory obtained by Jehosaphat 22594-900224-1537 -Ps48.2 22595-900224-1538 -Ps48.3 22596-900224-1613 -Ps48.4 22597-900224-1614 -Ps48.5 22598-900224-1615 -Ps48.6 22599-900224-1616 -Ps48.7 22600-900224-1617 -Ps48.8 22601-900224-1618 -Ps48.9 22602-900224-1620 -Ps48.10 22603-900224-1621 -Ps48.11 22604-900224-1622 -Ps48.12 22605-900224-1624 -Ps48.13 22606-900224-1625 -Ps48.14 22607-900224-1629 -Ps49.1 on worldly power, but on God 16-20 Worldly prosperity is not to be admired probably written by one of the descendents of the sons of Korah, during the Babylonian captivity 22608-900224-1630 -Ps49.2 22609-900224-1631 -Ps49.3 22610-900224-1632 -Ps49.4 22611-900224-1635 -Ps49.5 22612-900224-1636 -Ps49.6 22613-900224-1636 -Ps49.7 22614-900224-1637 -Ps49.8 22615-900224-1638 -Ps49.9 22616-900224-1640 -Ps49.10 22617-900224-1643 -Ps49.11 dwelling place through all generations, though their names are celebrated over countries.' 22618-900224-1646 -Ps49.12 a night. Man's continuance in the world, or in honour or distinction, resembles a traveller's lodging at an inn, whence he removes in the morning; and is frequently far more transient and evanescent. 22619-900224-1647 -Ps49.13 22620-900224-1651 -Ps49.14 them 22621-900224-1652 -Ps49.15 22622-900224-1653 -Ps49.16 22623-900224-1654 -Ps49.17 22624-900224-1655 -Ps49.18 22625-900224-1657 -Ps49.19 22626-900224-1658 -Ps49.20 22627-900224-1706 -Ps50.1 5,6 His order to gather his saints 7-13 The pleasure of God is not in ceremonies 14-23 but in sincerity of obedience 22628-900224-1708 -Ps50.2 22629-900224-1710 -Ps50.3 22630-900224-1711 -Ps50.4 22631-900224-1713 -Ps50.5 22632-900224-1720 -Ps50.6 22633-900224-1723 -Ps50.7 22634-900224-1723 -Ps50.8 22635-900224-1724 -Ps50.9 22636-900224-1725 -Ps50.10 22637-900224-1728 -Ps50.11 22638-900224-1729 -Ps50.12 22639-900224-1730 -Ps50.13 22640-900224-1732 -Ps50.14 22641-900224-2127 -Ps50.15 22642-900224-1736 -Ps50.16 22643-900224-1737 -Ps50.17 22644-900224-1739 -Ps50.18 22645-900224-1741 -Ps50.19 22646-900224-1742 -Ps50.20 22647-900224-1746 -Ps50.21 Horsley renders, `that I AM [Eheyeh] is such an one as thyself.' 22648-900224-1748 -Ps50.22 22649-900224-1752 -Ps50.23 22650-900224-1758 -Ps51.1 confession 6-15 He prays for sanctification 16,17 God delights not in sacrifice, but in sincerity 18,19 He prays for the church 22651-900224-1759 -Ps51.2 22652-900224-1801 -Ps51.3 22653-900224-1803 -Ps51.4 22654-900224-1804 -Ps51.5 22655-900224-1806 -Ps51.6 22656-900224-1808 -Ps51.7 22657-900224-1809 -Ps51.8 22658-900224-1810 -Ps51.9 22659-900224-1945 -Ps51.10 22660-900224-1947 -Ps51.11 22661-900224-1950 -Ps51.12 22662-900224-1952 -Ps51.13 22663-900224-1955 -Ps51.14 22664-900224-1956 -Ps51.15 22665-900224-1959 -Ps51.16 22666-900224-2001 -Ps51.17 22667-900224-2003 -Ps51.18 22668-900224-2004 -Ps51.19 22669-900224-2012 -Ps52.1 destruction 6,7 The righteous shall rejoice at it 8,9 David, upon his confidence in God's mercy, gives thanks 22670-900224-2016 -Ps52.2 22671-900224-2017 -Ps52.3 22672-900224-2018 -Ps52.4 22673-900224-2020 -Ps52.5 22674-900224-2021 -Ps52.6 22675-900224-2024 -Ps52.7 22676-900224-2024 -Ps52.8 22677-900224-2026 -Ps52.9 22678-900224-2039 -Ps53.1 4,5 He convinces the wicked by the light of their own conscience 6 He glories in the salvation of God 22679-900224-2041 -Ps53.2 22680-900224-2042 -Ps53.3 22681-900224-2044 -Ps53.4 'kol' `all' as in ps 14 22682-900224-2048 -Ps53.5 22683-900224-2052 -Ps53.6 and Chaldee, read yehowah, Jehovah as in Ps. 14.7 22684-900224-2055 -Ps54.1 4-7 Upon his confidence in God's help he promises sacrifice 22685-900224-2056 -Ps54.2 22686-900224-2057 -Ps54.3 22687-900224-2058 -Ps54.4 22688-900224-2059 -Ps54.5 22689-900224-2100 -Ps54.6 22690-900224-2101 -Ps54.7 22691-900224-2105 -Ps55.1 9-15 He prays against his enemies, of whose wickedness and treachery he complains 16-23 He comforts himslef in God's preservation oh him, and confusion of his enemies 22692-900224-2106 -Ps55.2 22693-900224-2110 -Ps55.3 22694-900224-2109 -Ps55.4 22695-900224-2111 -Ps55.5 22696-900224-2112 -Ps55.6 22697-900224-2113 -Ps55.7 22698-900224-2114 -Ps55.8 his rebellious party 22699-900224-2117 -Ps55.9 be confounded;'--and the prayer was heard 22700-900224-2118 -Ps55.10 22701-900224-2119 -Ps55.11 22702-900224-2120 -Ps55.12 22703-900224-2122 -Ps55.13 22704-900224-2123 -Ps55.14 22705-900224-2126 -Ps55.15 descend quickly into the grave;' which is a prediction of the sudden destruction which befel the ringleaders of this unnatural rebellion. 22706-900224-2129 -Ps55.16 22707-900224-2131 -Ps55.17 22708-900224-2132 -Ps55.18 22709-900224-2134 -Ps55.19 not God. 22710-900224-2136 -Ps55.20 22711-900224-2137 -Ps55.21 22712-900224-2139 -Ps55.22 22713-900224-2142 -Ps55.23 [heb.] men of bloods and deciet shall not halve thier days 22714-900224-2150 -Ps56.1 of his enemies, 9-13 He professes his confidence in God's word, and promises to praise him may be rendered, `concerning the dumb dove, (or opressed band) in distant places, `i.e, David, or his companions: though some consider it as the name of a tune, and others a musical instrument. Michtam, or, a golden Psalm 22715-900224-2151 -Ps56.2 22716-900224-2152 -Ps56.3 22717-900224-2154 -Ps56.4 22718-900224-2155 -Ps56.5 22719-900224-2157 -Ps56.6 22720-900224-2158 -Ps56.7 22721-900224-2200 -Ps56.8 22722-900224-2201 -Ps56.9 22723-900224-2201 -Ps56.10 22724-900224-2202 -Ps56.11 22725-900224-2203 -Ps56.12 22726-900224-2205 -Ps56.13 22727-900224-2212 -Ps57.1 case 7-12 He encourages himself to praise God golden Psalm. This Psalm is supposed to have been called al tashcheth, or `destroy not,' because David thus addressed one his followers when about to kill Saul in the cave; and michtam, or 'golden' because written, or worthy to be written, in gold. 22728-900224-2213 -Ps57.2 22729-900224-2215 -Ps57.3 22730-900224-2217 -Ps57.4 22731-900224-2218 -Ps57.5 22732-900224-2220 -Ps57.6 22733-900224-2221 -Ps57.7 22734-900224-2223 -Ps57.8 or dawn: a highly poetical expression, which Milton and and others have borrowed:- -Cheerly rouse the slumbering morn 22735-900224-2224 -Ps57.9 22736-900224-2225 -Ps57.10 22737-900224-2225 -Ps57.11 22738-900224-2229 -Ps58.1 3-5 describes the nature of the wicked 6-9 devotes them to God's judgments 10-11 whereat the righteous shall rejoice 22739-900224-2231 -Ps58.2 22740-900224-2232 -Ps58.3 22741-910119-2102 -Ps58.4 which M. Forskal describes as spotted with black and white, about one foot in length, nearly half an inch thick, oviparous, and its bite almost instant death. It is the aspic of the ancients, and is so called the the literati of Cyprus, though the common people call it [], deaf. 22742-910119-2103 -Ps58.5 well known to the ancients. Virgil, and many others state the fact:- -Frigidus in pratis cantando, rumpitur anguis `In the meadows the cold snake is burst by incantation.' 22743-900224-2240 -Ps58.6 22744-900224-2240 -Ps58.7 22745-910119-2104 -Ps58.8 so called from the Arabic balla, to wet, moisten, because of the glutinous slime emitted from its body, by which it appears to waste itself away in its own motion: and in the same manner the wicked prove their own destruction 22746-900224-2249 -Ps58.9 22747-900224-2251 -Ps58.10 22748-900224-2253 -Ps58.11 22749-900225-1228 -Ps59.1 6,7 He complains of their cruelty 8-10 He trusts in god 11-15 He prays against them 16,17 He praises God Psalm. flourished before the time of Mohammed, called Moallakat, from being suspended on the walls of the temple of Mecca, were also called Modhabat, `golden' because they were written in [letters of gold] on the papyrus; and probably this is another reason why the six poems of David were called [golden] 22750-900225-1229 -Ps59.2 22751-900225-1231 -Ps59.3 22752-900225-1232 -Ps59.4 22753-900225-1233 -Ps59.5 22754-900225-1234 -Ps59.6 22755-900225-1235 -Ps59.7 22756-900225-1236 -Ps59.8 22757-900225-1239 -Ps59.9 [uzzee, `my strength'] `O my strength, I will wait upon thee.' 22758-900225-1242 -Ps59.10 22759-900225-1245 -Ps59.11 22760-900225-1247 -Ps59.12 22761-900225-1249 -Ps59.13 22762-900225-1249 -Ps59.14 22763-900225-1252 -Ps59.15 22764-900225-1254 -Ps59.16 22765-900225-1259 -Ps59.17 22766-900225-1311 -Ps60.1 4,5 now upon better hope, prays for deliverance 6-12 Comforting himself in God's promises, he craves that help whereon he trusts harp, or [lute]; for aiduth appears to be the same as the Arabic [] a harp or lute; concerning shushan, 22767-900225-1340 -Ps60.2 22768-900225-1345 -Ps60.3 22769-900225-1346 -Ps60.4 22770-900225-1347 -Ps60.5 22771-900225-1349 -Ps60.6 22772-900225-1350 -Ps60.7 22773-900225-1352 -Ps60.8 22774-900225-1353 -Ps60.9 22775-900225-1355 -Ps60.10 22776-900225-1356 -Ps60.11 22777-900225-1357 -Ps60.12 22778-900225-1401 -Ps61.1 4-8 He vows perpetual service unto him, because of his promises and two MSS supply {mizmor}, `a psalm.' Some suppose this Psalm was composed when David was driven by Absalom's rebellion beyond Jordan, and from the sanctuary of God. 22779-900225-1403 -Ps61.2 22780-900225-1404 -Ps61.3 22781-900225-1405 -Ps61.4 22782-900225-1406 -Ps61.5 22783-900225-1408 -Ps61.6 the king. 22784-900225-1409 -Ps61.7 22785-900225-1410 -Ps61.8 22786-900225-1417 -Ps62.1 enemies 5-8 In the same confidence he encourages the godly 9,10 No trust is to be put in worldly things 11,12 Power and mercy belong to God 22787-900225-1549 -Ps62.2 22788-900225-1551 -Ps62.3 22789-900225-1554 -Ps62.4 22790-900225-1556 -Ps62.5 22791-900225-1557 -Ps62.6 22792-900225-1558 -Ps62.7 22793-900225-1559 -Ps62.8 22794-900225-1602 -Ps62.9 22795-900225-1604 -Ps62.10 22796-900225-1605 -Ps62.11 22797-900225-1607 -Ps62.12 22798-900225-1614 -Ps63.1 4-8 His manner of blessing God 9-11 His confidence of his enemies' destruction, and his own safety water 22799-900225-1616 -Ps63.2 22800-900225-1617 -Ps63.3 22801-900225-1618 -Ps63.4 22802-900225-1620 -Ps63.5 22803-900225-1621 -Ps63.6 22804-900225-1621 -Ps63.7 22805-900225-1625 -Ps63.8 the diligence of the pursuit, and the nearness of the attainment, but the fast hold he had of the mercy of God. 22806-900225-1627 -Ps63.9 22807-900225-1629 -Ps63.10 the hands of the sword 22808-900225-1630 -Ps63.11 God 22809-900225-1634 -Ps64.1 7-10 He promises himself to see such an evident destruction of his enemies, as the righteous shall rejoice at it. 22810-900225-1635 -Ps64.2 22811-900225-1636 -Ps64.3 22812-900225-1638 -Ps64.4 22813-900225-1640 -Ps64.5 22814-900225-1642 -Ps64.6 thoroughly searched 22815-900225-1644 -Ps64.7 22816-900225-1645 -Ps64.8 22817-900225-1646 -Ps64.9 22818-900225-1647 -Ps64.10 22819-900225-1650 -Ps65.1 4-13 The blessedness of God's chosen by reason of benefits 22820-900225-1652 -Ps65.2 22821-900225-1654 -Ps65.3 22822-900225-1656 -Ps65.4 22823-900225-1707 -Ps65.5 22824-900225-1708 -Ps65.6 22825-900225-1709 -Ps65.7 22826-900225-1715 -Ps65.8 tonadoes and earthquakes, are proofs to all that there is a Supreme Being, who is wonderful and terrible in His acts. twilight, the invariable succession of day and night, are all ordained by Thee, and contribute to the happiness and continuance of man and beast. 22827-900225-1718 -Ps65.9 22828-900225-1720 -Ps65.10 furrows thereof. makest it soft. [heb.] dissolvest it. 22829-900225-1722 -Ps65.11 22830-900225-1724 -Ps65.12 22831-900225-1725 -Ps65.13 22832-900225-1729 -Ps66.1 5-7 observe his great works 8-11 to bless him for his gracious benefits 12-15 He vows for himself religious service to God 16-20 He declares God's special goodness to himself 22833-900225-1730 -Ps66.2 22834-900225-1732 -Ps66.3 22835-900225-1733 -Ps66.4 22836-900225-1734 -Ps66.5 22837-900225-1736 -Ps66.6 22838-900225-1737 -Ps66.7 22839-900225-1738 -Ps66.8 22840-900225-1740 -Ps66.9 22841-900225-1741 -Ps66.10 22842-900225-1742 -Ps66.11 22843-900225-1743 -Ps66.12 22844-900225-1745 -Ps66.13 22845-900225-1746 -Ps66.14 22846-900225-1747 -Ps66.15 22847-900225-1748 -Ps66.16 22848-900225-1749 -Ps66.17 22849-900225-1750 -Ps66.18 22850-900225-1750 -Ps66.19 22851-900225-1751 -Ps66.20 22852-900225-1758 -Ps67.1 3-5 to the joy of the people 6,7 and the increase of God's blessings 22853-900225-1800 -Ps67.2 22854-900225-1801 -Ps67.3 22855-900225-1803 -Ps67.4 22856-900225-1803 -Ps67.5 22857-900225-1805 -Ps67.6 22858-900225-1806 -Ps67.7 22859-900225-1812 -Ps68.1 4-6 An exhortation to praise God for his mercies 7-18 for his care of the church 19-35 for his great works ode is supposed, with much probability, to have been composed by David, and sung at the removal of the ark from Kirjath-jearim 22860-900225-1813 -Ps68.2 22861-900225-1815 -Ps68.3 22862-900225-1818 -Ps68.4 being from none, but gives giving to all 22863-900225-1821 -Ps68.5 22864-900225-1822 -Ps68.6 22865-900225-1823 -Ps68.7 22866-900225-1824 -Ps68.8 22867-900225-1826 -Ps68.9 22868-900225-1827 -Ps68.10 22869-900225-1828 -Ps68.11 22870-900225-1830 -Ps68.12 22871-900225-1835 -Ps68.13 between the brick-kilns in Egypt-a poor, enslaved, and oppressed people, yet ye shall gradually rise to dignity, prosperity, and splendour; as a dove, which has been defiled with dirt, disordered, and dejected, by washing herself in a running stream, and trimming her plummage, gradually recovers the serenity of her disposition, the purity of colour, and the richness and varied elegance of her appearance.' 22872-900225-1837 -Ps68.14 22873-900225-1838 -Ps68.15 22874-900225-1839 -Ps68.16 22875-900225-1840 -Ps68.17 22876-900225-1846 -Ps68.18 22877-900225-2201 -Ps68.19 22878-900225-2202 -Ps68.20 22879-900225-2204 -Ps68.21 22880-900225-2205 -Ps68.22 22881-900225-2207 -Ps68.23 22882-900225-2207 -Ps68.24 22883-900225-2208 -Ps68.25 22884-900225-2209 -Ps68.26 22885-900225-2211 -Ps68.27 22886-900225-2212 -Ps68.28 22887-900225-2214 -Ps68.29 22888-900225-2219 -Ps68.30 22889-900225-2220 -Ps68.31 22890-900225-2221 -Ps68.32 22891-900225-2223 -Ps68.33 22892-900225-2227 -Ps68.34 lightning; for all nations have observed the the electric fluid is an irresistible agent,-destroying life, tearing towers and castles to pieces, rending the strongest oaks, and cleaving the most solid rocks; and the most enlightened nations have justly considered it as an especial manifestation of the power and sovereignty of God. 22893-900225-2230 -Ps68.35 22894-900225-2235 -Ps69.1 13-21 He prays for deliverance 22-29 He devotes his enemies to destruction 30-36 He praises God with thanksgiving is probable that it was written by David during the rebellion of Absalom. It is an exceedingly fine composition; it evidently refers to the advent, passion, and resurrection of our Lord to the vocation of the Gentiles. and the rebrobation of Jews 22895-900225-2237 -Ps69.2 22896-900225-2239 -Ps69.3 22897-900225-2240 -Ps69.4 22898-900225-2241 -Ps69.5 22899-900225-2242 -Ps69.6 22900-900225-2244 -Ps69.7 22901-900225-2245 -Ps69.8 22902-900225-2247 -Ps69.9 22903-900225-2247 -Ps69.10 22904-900225-2249 -Ps69.11 22905-900225-2251 -Ps69.12 22906-900225-2257 -Ps69.13 22907-900226-1711 -Ps69.14 22908-900226-1712 -Ps69.15 22909-900226-1713 -Ps69.16 22910-900226-1715 -Ps69.17 22911-900226-1716 -Ps69.18 22912-900226-1717 -Ps69.19 22913-900226-1720 -Ps69.20 22914-900226-1726 -Ps69.21 jno 19.29, thinks that [rosh] is the same herb as the evangelist calls hyssop; a species of which, growing in Judea, he proves from Isaac ben Orman, an Arabian writer, to be so bitter as not to be eatable. Theophylact expressly tells us, that the hyssop was added [] [as being deleterious] or poisonous: and Nonnus, in his paraphrase, says [], `One gave the deadly acid mixed with hyssop.' 22915-900226-1728 -Ps69.22 their eyes shall be darkened,' in the future tense. 22916-900226-1729 -Ps69.23 22917-900226-1731 -Ps69.24 22918-900226-1732 -Ps69.25 22919-900226-1734 -Ps69.26 22920-900226-1736 -Ps69.27 22921-900226-1739 -Ps69.28 22922-900226-1740 -Ps69.29 22923-900226-1741 -Ps69.30 22924-900226-1742 -Ps69.31 22925-900226-1743 -Ps69.32 22926-900226-1745 -Ps69.33 22927-900226-1746 -Ps69.34 22928-900226-1747 -Ps69.35 22929-900226-1749 -Ps69.36 22930-900226-1754 -Ps70.1 preservation of the godly for word the same as the five last verses of Psalm 40; and it is written as a part of the succeeding Psalm in about 27 MSS. Both Psalms evidently appear to have been written by David during the rebellion of Absalom, and probably at the crisis when he heard of the sanguinary counsel which Ahithophel had given respecting him; or, as some suppose, when beyond Jordan. 22931-900226-1757 -Ps70.2 this meaning. 22932-900226-1759 -Ps70.3 triumph at the same time. 22933-900226-1800 -Ps70.4 22934-900226-1800 -Ps70.5 22935-900226-1806 -Ps71.1 favour, prays both for himself, and against the enemies of his soul 14-16 He promises constancy 17,18 He prays for perseverance 19-24 He praises God, and promises to do it cheerfully 22936-900226-1807 -Ps71.2 22937-900226-1813 -Ps71.3 22938-900226-1815 -Ps71.4 22939-900226-1816 -Ps71.5 22940-900226-1819 -Ps71.6 22941-900226-2005 -Ps71.7 the lion and bear, -conquering the Philistine,-escaping the fury of Saul,-being raised to the throne of Israel,- enduring such uncommon trials and afflictions,--and experiencing such wonderful deliverances, all mark me out as the subject of `[wonder] unto many; but Thou art my strong Refuge.' 22942-900226-2005 -Ps71.8 22943-900226-2008 -Ps71.9 for it was in David's [old age] the the rebellion of Absalom took place. 22944-900226-2009 -Ps71.10 22945-900226-2010 -Ps71.11 22946-900226-2011 -Ps71.12 22947-900226-2013 -Ps71.13 denunciations 22948-900226-2014 -Ps71.14 22949-900226-2015 -Ps71.15 22950-900226-2018 -Ps71.16 22951-900226-2019 -Ps71.17 22952-900226-2021 -Ps71.18 22953-900226-2025 -Ps71.19 eternal, illimitable, unimpartible, unchangeable, incomprehensible, uncompounded, ineffable Being, whose [essence] is hidden from all created intelligences, and whose [counsels] cannot be fathomed by any creature. 22954-900226-2027 -Ps71.20 22955-900226-2029 -Ps71.21 22956-900226-2036 -Ps71.22 22957-900226-2037 -Ps71.23 22958-900226-2038 -Ps71.24 22959-900117-0820 -Ps72.1 01 David, praying for Solomon, shews the goodness and glory of his kingdom, and in type of Christ's kingdom 18 He blessed God A.M. 2989. B.C. 1015. (Title.) A Psalm. This Psalm seems to have been composed by David in his last days, when he had set his beloved son on the throne. Then, says Calmet, transported with joy and gratitude, he addressed this Psalm to God, in which he prays Him to pour out His blessings on the young king and upon the people. He then, wrapped up in a divine enthusiasm, ascends to a higher subject; and sings the glory of the Messiah, and the magnificence of his reign. for. or, of. 22960-900116-0850 -Ps72.2 22961-900116-0851 -Ps72.3 22962-900116-0852 -Ps72.4 22963-900116-0853 -Ps72.5 22964-900116-0854 -Ps72.6 22965-900116-0855 -Ps72.7 22966-900116-0856 -Ps72.8 22967-900116-0857 -Ps72.9 22968-900116-0857 -Ps72.10 22969-900116-0858 -Ps72.11 22970-900116-0859 -Ps72.12 22971-900116-0859 -Ps72.13 22972-900116-0900 -Ps72.14 22973-900116-0902 -Ps72.15 22974-900116-0903 -Ps72.16 22975-900116-0905 -Ps72.17 son to continue his father's name forever 22976-900116-0905 -Ps72.18 22977-900116-0906 -Ps72.19 22978-900116-0907 -Ps72.20 and with it ends the second book of the Psalter. 22979-900117-0821 -Ps73.1 01 The prophet, prevailing in a temptation 02 Shews the occasion thereof, the prosperity of the wicked 13 The wound given thereby, diffidence 15 The victory over it, knowledge of God's purpose, in destroying the wicked, and sustaining the righteous. 22980-900116-0911 -Ps73.2 22981-900116-0915 -Ps73.3 22982-900116-0915 -Ps73.4 22983-900116-0916 -Ps73.5 with. 22984-900116-0918 -Ps73.6 22985-900116-0919 -Ps73.7 22986-900116-0920 -Ps73.8 22987-900116-0920 -Ps73.9 22988-900116-0921 -Ps73.10 22989-900116-0922 -Ps73.11 22990-900116-0923 -Ps73.12 22991-900116-0923 -Ps73.13 22992-900116-0924 -Ps73.14 22993-900116-0925 -Ps73.15 22994-900116-0926 -Ps73.16 22995-900116-0926 -Ps73.17 22996-900116-0927 -Ps73.18 22997-900116-0928 -Ps73.19 22998-900116-0929 -Ps73.20 22999-900116-0930 -Ps73.21 23000-900116-0930 -Ps73.22 23001-900116-0931 -Ps73.23 23002-900116-0932 -Ps73.24 23003-900116-0933 -Ps73.25 23004-900116-0934 -Ps73.26 23005-900116-0935 -Ps73.27 23006-900116-0936 -Ps73.28 The LXX, Vulgate, Arabic, and Ethiopic, add in the gates of the daughter of Zion; which makes a better conclusion; but it is not acknowledged by any MS yet collated. 23007-900117-0822 -Ps74.1 01 The prophet complains of the desolation of the sanctuary 10 He moves God to help in consideration of his power 18 Of his reproachful enemies, or his children and of his covenant. A.M. 3416. B.C. 588 Maschil of Asaph. or, A Psalm for Asaph to give instruction. 23008-900116-0940 -Ps74.2 23009-900116-0942 -Ps74.3 23010-900116-0942 -Ps74.4 23011-900116-0943 -Ps74.5 23012-900116-0943 -Ps74.6 23013-900116-0944 -Ps74.7 fire 23014-900116-0945 -Ps74.8 23015-900116-0945 -Ps74.9 23016-900116-0946 -Ps74.10 23017-900116-0947 -Ps74.11 sleeves, the hands and arms are frequently covered with the folds of the robe; and, in order to do anything, the hand must be disentangled, and drawn out. 23018-900117-0823 -Ps74.12 23019-900117-0824 -Ps74.13 23020-900117-0825 -Ps74.14 23021-900117-0826 -Ps74.15 23022-900117-0827 -Ps74.16 23023-900117-0828 -Ps74.17 23024-900117-0829 -Ps74.18 23025-900117-0830 -Ps74.19 23026-900117-0831 -Ps74.20 23027-900117-0832 -Ps74.21 23028-900117-0832 -Ps74.22 23029-900117-0833 -Ps74.23 23030-900117-0838 -Ps75.1 01 The prophet praises God 02 He promises to judge uprightly 04 He rebukes the proud by consideration of God's providence 09 He praises God, and promises to execute justice. A.M. 3294 B.B. 710 David on his accession to the throne over all Israel; others refer it to the time of the captivity, considering it as a continuation of the subject in the preceding; but B. Patrick and others are of opinion that it was composed by Asaph to commemorate the overthrow of Sennacherib's army. 23031-900117-0838 -Ps75.2 23032-900117-0839 -Ps75.3 23033-900117-0840 -Ps75.4 23034-900117-0840 -Ps75.5 23035-900117-0841 -Ps75.6 23036-900117-0842 -Ps75.7 23037-900117-0844 -Ps75.8 stupifying drugs given to criminals to drink previous to their execution. 23038-900117-0844 -Ps75.9 23039-900117-0845 -Ps75.10 23040-900117-0847 -Ps76.1 01 A declaration of God's majesty in the church 11 An exhortation to serve him reverently. followed by the Vulgate and Appollinarius. An ode against the Assyrian; and it is considered by many of the best commentators to have been composed by Asaph after the defeat of Sennacherib. 23041-900117-0848 -Ps76.2 23042-900117-0849 -Ps76.3 23043-900117-0849 -Ps76.4 23044-900117-0850 -Ps76.5 23045-900117-0851 -Ps76.6 23046-900117-0852 -Ps76.7 23047-900117-0853 -Ps76.8 23048-900117-0853 -Ps76.9 23049-900117-0854 -Ps76.10 23050-900117-0855 -Ps76.11 23051-900117-0856 -Ps76.12 23052-900117-0859 -Ps77.1 01 The psalmist shews what fierce combat he had with diffidence 10 The victory which he had by consideration of God's great and gracious works. A.M. cir 3463. B.C. cir 541 written during the Babylonian captivity. 23053-900117-0901 -Ps77.2 23054-900117-0902 -Ps77.3 23055-900117-0905 -Ps77.4 23056-900117-0905 -Ps77.5 23057-900117-0906 -Ps77.6 23058-900117-0907 -Ps77.7 23059-900117-0908 -Ps77.8 23060-900117-0908 -Ps77.9 23061-900117-0911 -Ps77.10 change of the right hand of the Most High, i.e. it proceeds from a change of God's conduct towards me. De Dieu renders, Precari, hoc meum est; mutare dextram Altissimi: To pray, this is my business: to change the right hand of the Most High. I can do nothing else than pray: God is the Ruler of events. Mr. N.M. Berlin translates, Dolere meum hoc est: mutare est dextrae Altissimi: To grieve is my portion: to change (my condition) belongs to the right hand of the Most High. 23062-900117-0912 -Ps77.11 23063-900117-0913 -Ps77.12 23064-900117-0913 -Ps77.13 23065-900117-0914 -Ps77.14 23066-900117-0915 -Ps77.15 23067-900117-0915 -Ps77.16 23068-900117-0916 -Ps77.17 23069-900117-0917 -Ps77.18 23070-900117-0917 -Ps77.19 23071-900215-1015 -Ps77.20 23072-900117-0921 -Ps78.1 01 An exhortation both to learn and to preach, the law of God 09 The story of God's wrath against the incredulous and disobedient 67 The Israelites being rejected, God chose Judah, Zion, and David. instruction. by Asaph in the days of Asa, who had gained, by the aid of the Syrians, a great victory over the Israelites, and brought back to the pure worship of God many out of the tribes of Ephraim, Manasseh, and Simeon. 23073-900117-0922 -Ps78.2 23074-900117-0922 -Ps78.3 23075-900117-0924 -Ps78.4 23076-900117-0926 -Ps78.5 law, written on tables of stone, put within the ark, and covered with the mercy seat. This testified the Lord's gracious presence with his people, and seemed to point out to them both the way of access and acceptance, and the standard or rule of their duty. 23077-900117-0928 -Ps78.6 23078-900117-0931 -Ps78.7 23079-900117-0932 -Ps78.8 23080-900117-0935 -Ps78.9 Ephraimites mentioned in 1ch 7.20-22; but it probably refers to the conduct and defeat of the ten tribes of which Ephraim was the head. Nothing is recorded in the history of Israel concerning the cowardice of the Ephraimites, as distinct from that of the other tribes: some therefore think, that the children of Ephraim is put by a figure of speech for the nation in general. 23081-900117-0935 -Ps78.10 23082-900117-0936 -Ps78.11 23083-900117-0941 -Ps78.12 wrought so many miracles, is rendered by the Chaldee, Tanium, LXX. Tavie Vulgate, Tanis, and Coptic, Tane from the Coptic, ten, plain, flat, level; being situated in the low ground of the Delta, on one of the eastern branches of the Nile, bearing its own name, near a large lake, now called the lake of Menzala, 44 miles west of Pelusium, and 169 miles east of Alexandria, according to the Antonine Itinerary, and three miles from the Mediterranean, according to the Geograph. Nubiens. Clim.3, par.3 There are ruins still remaining to mark the site of Zoan, or Tanis, called San by the Arabs; comprising broken obelisks, capitals of the Corinthian order, a granite monument, etc. 23084-900117-0941 -Ps78.13 23085-900117-0942 -Ps78.14 23086-900117-0943 -Ps78.15 23087-900117-0943 -Ps78.16 23088-900117-0944 -Ps78.17 23089-900117-0944 -Ps78.18 23090-900117-0946 -Ps78.19 23091-900117-0946 -Ps78.20 23092-900119-0809 -Ps78.21 23093-900119-0810 -Ps78.22 23094-900119-0811 -Ps78.23 23095-900119-0813 -Ps78.24 form of seeds; and as it appeared to come down from the clouds, it was not improperly termed degan shamayim, the corn of heaven or heavenly grain. 23096-900119-0815 -Ps78.25 Lechem abbeerim, bread of the mighty: - they ate such food as could only be expected at the tables of the rich and great; - the best, the most delicate food. Or, it might be so called because it rendered the people healthy and vigorous, and fit for their marches. 23097-900119-0823 -Ps78.26 23098-900119-0824 -Ps78.27 23099-900119-0824 -Ps78.28 23100-900119-0824 -Ps78.29 23101-900119-0825 -Ps78.30 23102-900119-0826 -Ps78.31 23103-900119-0826 -Ps78.32 23104-900119-0828 -Ps78.33 23105-900119-0829 -Ps78.34 23106-900119-0831 -Ps78.35 their redeemer, or kinsman: that one who possessed the right of redemption; the nearest akin to him who had forfeited his inheritance, as the word originally means; and hence is used for a redeemer; and here denotes Him who redeemed them from Egyptian bondage. 23107-900119-0832 -Ps78.36 23108-900119-0832 -Ps78.37 23109-900119-0834 -Ps78.38 23110-900119-0836 -Ps78.39 rendered, the spirit goeth away and returneth not again. To this purpose the Arabic, He remembered that they were flesh; and a spirit which when it departs returneth not again. The human being is composed of flesh and spirit, or body and soul: these are easily separated, and when separated, the body turns to dust, and the spirit returns no more to animate the body in a state of probation. 23111-900119-0843 -Ps78.40 23112-900119-0844 -Ps78.41 23113-900119-0845 -Ps78.42 23114-900119-0846 -Ps78.43 23115-900119-0847 -Ps78.44 evidently shew the power of God over the elements of nature, which at that time were the objects of Egyptian worship. 23116-900119-0848 -Ps78.45 23117-900119-0851 -Ps78.46 in 2ch 6.28 and Aquila here, and also the Vulgate in Chron, and is 33.4 and Jerome here, bruchus, the chaffer, which every one knows to be a great devourer of the leaves of trees. The syriac in Joel 1.4 2.25 renders it tzartzooro, which Michaelis, from the Arabic Tzartzar, a cricket, interprets the mole-cricket, which in its grub state is also very destructive to corn, grass, and other vegetables, by cankering the roots on which it feeds. 23118-900119-0853 -Ps78.47 for various uses, from the grateful shade which its wide spreading branches afforded, and on account of the fruit, which Mr. Maillet says the Egyptians hold in the highest estimation, we may conceive somewhat of the loss they sustained when their vines were destroyed with hail; and their sycamore trees with frost. 23119-900119-0854 -Ps78.48 23120-900119-0854 -Ps78.49 23121-900119-0855 -Ps78.50 23122-900119-0856 -Ps78.51 23123-900119-0857 -Ps78.52 23124-900119-0858 -Ps78.53 23125-900119-0858 -Ps78.54 23126-900119-0900 -Ps78.55 23127-900119-0900 -Ps78.56 23128-900119-0901 -Ps78.57 23129-900119-0902 -Ps78.58 23130-900119-0903 -Ps78.59 23131-900119-0904 -Ps78.60 23132-900119-0905 -Ps78.61 displayed. 23133-900119-0905 -Ps78.62 23134-900119-0906 -Ps78.63 23135-900119-0907 -Ps78.64 23136-900119-0907 -Ps78.65 23137-900119-0908 -Ps78.66 23138-900119-0908 -Ps78.67 23139-900119-0909 -Ps78.68 23140-900119-0910 -Ps78.69 23141-900119-0911 -Ps78.70 23142-900119-0912 -Ps78.71 23143-900119-0913 -Ps78.72 23144-900122-0917 -Ps79.1 01 The psalmist complains of the desolation of Jerusalem 08 He prays for deliverance 13 and promises thankfulness much probability, to have been written on the destruction of the city and temple of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar. 23145-900122-0917 -Ps79.2 23146-900122-0920 -Ps79.3 bury them, or none was allowed to perform this last sad office. The despotism of eastern princes often proceeds to such a degree of extravagrance as to fill the mind with astonishment and horror. In Morocco, no person dares to bury the body of a malefactor without an order from the emperor; and Windus, speaking of a man who was to have been sawn in two, informs us, that his body must have remained to be eaten by the dogs; if the emperor had not pardoned him. 23147-900122-0921 -Ps79.4 23148-900122-0922 -Ps79.5 23149-900122-0924 -Ps79.6 23150-900122-0924 -Ps79.7 23151-900122-0926 -Ps79.8 us. 23152-900122-0927 -Ps79.9 23153-900122-0930 -Ps79.10 23154-900122-0932 -Ps79.11 the children of death 23155-900122-0933 -Ps79.12 23156-900122-0934 -Ps79.13 23157-900122-0938 -Ps80.1 01 The psalmist in his prayer complains of the miseries of the church 08 God's former favours are turned into judgments 14 He prays for deliverance during the Babylonian captivity; but some think it refers to the desolations made by Sennacherib. 23158-900122-0940 -Ps80.2 immediately after the ark and cherubim, by Divine appointment, to which this appears to be an allusion. 23159-900122-0940 -Ps80.3 23160-900122-0941 -Ps80.4 23161-900122-0942 -Ps80.5 23162-900122-0942 -Ps80.6 23163-900122-0943 -Ps80.7 23164-900122-0944 -Ps80.8 supported, is frequently employed by sacred writers: see the Parallel Passages. 23165-900122-0945 -Ps80.9 23166-900122-0946 -Ps80.10 23167-900122-0946 -Ps80.11 23168-900122-0947 -Ps80.12 23169-900122-0949 -Ps80.13 domestic hog. He is much smaller, but stronger, and more undaunted, colour, an iron grey inclining to black; snout, longer than that of the common breed: ears comparatively short; tusks, very formidable; and habits, fierce and savage. He is particularly destructive to corn-fields and vineyards. 23170-900122-0950 -Ps80.14 23171-900122-0951 -Ps80.15 Syriac, Arabic, and Ethiopic read, ben adam, Son of man; which the Targumist renders makla mesheecha, the King Messiah. 23172-900122-0952 -Ps80.16 23173-900122-0952 -Ps80.17 23174-900122-0953 -Ps80.18 23175-900122-0954 -Ps80.19 23176-900122-0957 -Ps81.1 01 An exhortation to a solemn praising of God 04 God challenges that duty by reason of his benefits 08 God, exhorting to obedience, complsins of their disobedience, which proves their own hurt. sung at the feast of Trumpets, before the time of David; and others think it was written at the removal of the ark to Mount Zion; but the most probable opinion is, that it was sung at the dedication of the second temple. 23177-900122-0958 -Ps81.2 23178-900122-0959 -Ps81.3 23179-900122-0959 -Ps81.4 23180-900122-1000 -Ps81.5 23181-900122-1002 -Ps81.6 dood also signifies cophino; and Diodati, his hands were removed from the baskets. I.E. says he in a note, from carrying earth to make bricks. 23182-900122-1003 -Ps81.7 23183-900122-1004 -Ps81.8 23184-900122-1004 -Ps81.9 23185-900122-1005 -Ps81.10 23186-900122-1006 -Ps81.11 23187-900122-1007 -Ps81.12 imaginations. 23188-900122-1007 -Ps81.13 23189-900122-1008 -Ps81.14 23190-900122-1010 -Ps81.15 23191-900122-1011 -Ps81.16 23192-900125-0914 -Ps82.1 01 The psalmist, having exhorted the judges 05 And reproved their negligence 08 Prays God to judge time of David, and others to that of Hezekiah; but it is more probable that it was composed when Jehoshaphat reformed the courts throughout his kingdom. judgeth among the judges. (elohim) God is among His own people; and presides especially in those courts of justice which Himself has established. 23193-900125-0915 -Ps82.2 23194-900125-0916 -Ps82.3 23195-900125-0917 -Ps82.4 23196-900125-0918 -Ps82.5 23197-900125-0918 -Ps82.6 23198-900125-0919 -Ps82.7 23199-900125-0920 -Ps82.8 23200-900125-0921 -Ps83.1 01 A complaint to God of the enemies conspiracies 09 A prayer against them that oppress the Church confederacy against Jehoshaphat, and others to the destruction of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar. 23201-900125-0923 -Ps83.2 23202-900125-0923 -Ps83.3 23203-900125-0924 -Ps83.4 23204-900125-0925 -Ps83.5 23205-900125-0927 -Ps83.6 of these people, particularly the Ishmaelities, to live a migratory or wandering life; encamping sometimes in one place, and sometimes in another, as they found convenience for themselves and cattle; a custom retained by their descendants to the present day. 23206-900125-0927 -Ps83.7 23207-900125-0928 -Ps83.8 Assyria. 23208-900125-0929 -Ps83.9 the translation; the original being uniformly Kishon. 23209-900125-0930 -Ps83.10 23210-900125-0930 -Ps83.11 23211-900125-0930 -Ps83.12 23212-900125-0931 -Ps83.13 23213-900125-0932 -Ps83.14 23214-900125-0933 -Ps83.15 23215-900125-0933 -Ps83.16 23216-900125-0933 -Ps83.17 23217-900125-0935 -Ps83.18 23218-900126-0213 -Ps84.1 01 The prophet, longing for the communion of the sanctuary 04 Shews how blessed they are that dwell therein 08 He prays to be restored unto it. driven from Jerusalem by Absalom's rebellion: but it is more probable that it was written at the foundation of the second temple. 23219-900126-0214 -Ps84.2 23220-900126-0217 -Ps84.3 the swallow (or the ring-dove, according to some, but probably the bird which Forskal mentions among the migratory birds of Alexandria, by the name of Dururi) a nest for herself where she may lay her young, so I seek thine altars, O Jehovah God of hosts, my King and my God. That is, as nature inclines birds to seek and prepare their nests, so grace has taught me to desire thy altars, and to worship there. 23221-900126-0220 -Ps84.4 23222-900126-0221 -Ps84.5 23223-900126-0223 -Ps84.6 probably a large shrub, which the Arabs still call baca and this valley as Celsius observes, seems to be on embarrassed with such bushes and thorns, which could not be passed without labour and tears. 23224-900126-0224 -Ps84.7 23225-900126-0226 -Ps84.8 23226-900126-0226 -Ps84.9 23227-900126-0227 -Ps84.10 threshold. 23228-900126-0230 -Ps84.11 23229-900126-0230 -Ps84.12 23230-900126-0311 -Ps85.1 01 The Psalmist, out of the experience of former mercies, prays for the continuance thereof. 08 He promises to wait thereon, out of confidence of God's goodness 23231-900126-0311 -Ps85.2 23232-900126-0312 -Ps85.3 23233-900126-0314 -Ps85.4 all at once; a few returned with Zerubbabel, some more with Ezra and Nehemiah; but a great number still remained in Babylonia, Media, Assyria, etc; and therefore the Psalmist prays for a complete restoration. 23234-900126-0315 -Ps85.5 23235-900126-0315 -Ps85.6 23236-900126-0316 -Ps85.7 23237-900126-0318 -Ps85.8 23238-900126-0319 -Ps85.9 23239-900126-0320 -Ps85.10 23240-900126-0321 -Ps85.11 23241-900126-0322 -Ps85.12 23242-900126-0323 -Ps85.13 23243-900126-0357 -Ps86.1 01 David strengthens his prayer by the consciousness of his religion 05 By the goodness and power of God 11 He desires the continuance of former grace 14 Complaining of the proud, he craves some token of God's goodness Psalm is supposed to have been composed by David either when persecuted by Saul, or driven from Jerusalem by Absalom. 23244-900126-0358 -Ps86.2 23245-900126-0359 -Ps86.3 23246-900126-0400 -Ps86.4 23247-900126-0401 -Ps86.5 23248-900126-0402 -Ps86.6 23249-900126-0403 -Ps86.7 23250-900126-0404 -Ps86.8 23251-900126-0405 -Ps86.9 23252-900126-0405 -Ps86.10 23253-900126-0409 -Ps86.11 23254-900126-0410 -Ps86.12 23255-900126-0411 -Ps86.13 23256-900126-0414 -Ps86.14 23257-900126-0415 -Ps86.15 23258-900126-0416 -Ps86.16 23259-900126-0416 -Ps86.17 23260-900126-0426 -Ps87.1 01 The nature and glory of the church 04 The increase, honour, and comfort of the members thereof. written by one of the descendants of Korah on the return from the Bablonian captivity. It seems to have been written in praise of Jerusalem; and, typically, of the Christian church. 23261-900126-0426 -Ps87.2 23262-900126-0427 -Ps87.3 23263-900126-0430 -Ps87.4 23264-900126-0432 -Ps87.5 23265-900126-0433 -Ps87.6 23266-900126-0434 -Ps87.7 23267-900126-0458 -Ps88.1 01 A prayer containing a grevious complaint. have been written by Heman, son of Zerah, and grandson of Judah, on the oppression of the Hebrews in Egypt. 23268-900126-0458 -Ps88.2 23269-900126-0459 -Ps88.3 23270-900126-0500 -Ps88.4 23271-900126-0501 -Ps88.5 23272-900126-0502 -Ps88.6 23273-900126-0506 -Ps88.7 23274-900126-0508 -Ps88.8 23275-900126-0508 -Ps88.9 23276-900126-0510 -Ps88.10 strongest negations. 23277-900126-0511 -Ps88.11 23278-900126-0511 -Ps88.12 23279-900126-0512 -Ps88.13 23280-900126-0513 -Ps88.14 23281-900126-0513 -Ps88.15 23282-900126-0514 -Ps88.16 23283-900126-0515 -Ps88.17 23284-900126-0515 -Ps88.18 now never saw them. 23285-900129-0838 -Ps89.1 01 The psalmist praises God for his covenant 05 For his wonderful power 15 For the care of his church 19 For his favour to the kingdom of David 38 Then complaining of contrary events 46 He expostulates, prays, and blesses God. the Ezrahite, to give instructions. This Psalm is generally supposed to have been written during the Babylonian captivity, when, the family of David being dethroned, and the royal family ruined, the Divine promises had apparently failed. 23286-900129-0839 -Ps89.2 23287-900129-0840 -Ps89.3 23288-900129-0841 -Ps89.4 23289-900129-0843 -Ps89.5 23290-900129-0844 -Ps89.6 23291-900129-0845 -Ps89.7 23292-900129-0847 -Ps89.8 23293-900129-0848 -Ps89.9 23294-900129-0849 -Ps89.10 23295-900129-0851 -Ps89.11 23296-900129-0852 -Ps89.12 23297-900129-0852 -Ps89.13 23298-900129-0853 -Ps89.14 23299-900129-0854 -Ps89.15 23300-900129-0855 -Ps89.16 23301-900129-0856 -Ps89.17 23302-900129-0857 -Ps89.18 is of the Holy One of Israel. 23303-900129-0858 -Ps89.19 23304-900129-0859 -Ps89.20 23305-900129-0859 -Ps89.21 23306-900129-0902 -Ps89.22 23307-900129-0903 -Ps89.23 23308-900129-0904 -Ps89.24 23309-900129-0905 -Ps89.25 signifies: for the accomplishment of these promises, see the parallel texts. 23310-900129-0906 -Ps89.26 23311-900129-0906 -Ps89.27 23312-900129-0907 -Ps89.28 23313-900129-0908 -Ps89.29 23314-900129-0909 -Ps89.30 23315-900129-0909 -Ps89.31 23316-900129-0911 -Ps89.32 23317-900129-0912 -Ps89.33 23318-900129-0913 -Ps89.34 23319-900129-0913 -Ps89.35 23320-900129-0914 -Ps89.36 23321-900129-0921 -Ps89.37 as long as time shall last, his kingdom shall continue among men. The moon is probably termed a faithful witness, because by her, particularly, time is measured. Her decrease and increase are especially observed by every nation; and by these time is generally estimated, especially among eastern nations:- -So many moons is a man old--so many moons since such an event happened; and even their years are reckoned by lunations. Or, the rainbow may be intended; that faithful sign which God has established in the clouds, that the earth shall no more be destroyed by water. 23322-900129-0922 -Ps89.38 23323-900129-0922 -Ps89.39 23324-900129-0923 -Ps89.40 23325-900129-0924 -Ps89.41 23326-900129-0924 -Ps89.42 23327-900129-0925 -Ps89.43 23328-900129-0926 -Ps89.44 23329-900129-0927 -Ps89.45 23330-900129-0928 -Ps89.46 23331-900129-0928 -Ps89.47 23332-900129-0929 -Ps89.48 23333-900129-0930 -Ps89.49 23334-900129-0930 -Ps89.50 23335-900129-0931 -Ps89.51 23336-900129-0933 -Ps89.52 thought to have been added by a later hand, as it is wanting in two MSS., in another written without points, and in three others written separately from the text; though it is found in all the versions. 23337-900129-0952 -Ps90.1 01 Moses, setting forth God's providence 03 Complains of human fragility 07 Divine chastisement 10 and brevity of life 12 He prays for the knowledge and sensible experience of God's good providence. a Psalm of Moses. This Psalm is supposed to have been composed by Moses, when all the generation of the Israelites who had offended God, were sentenced to fail in the wilderness, at the age of seventy or eighty years, except Moses, Caleb, and Joshua. 23338-900130-0856 -Ps90.2 23339-900130-0857 -Ps90.3 to that dust out of which ye were originally formed 23340-900130-0858 -Ps90.4 23341-900130-0859 -Ps90.5 23342-900130-0859 -Ps90.6 23343-900130-0900 -Ps90.7 23344-900130-0901 -Ps90.8 23345-900130-0905 -Ps90.9 plans and operations are like the spider's web. Life is as frail, and the thread of it as brittle, as one of those which constitute the well-wrought and curious, but fragile habitation of that insect. All the Versions have the word spider, but it is not found in any Hebrew MSS, or edition yet collated. The Hebrew might be rendered, We consume our lives with a groan. 23346-900130-0906 -Ps90.10 seventy years. 23347-900130-0907 -Ps90.11 23348-900130-0909 -Ps90.12 23349-900130-0910 -Ps90.13 23350-900130-0911 -Ps90.14 23351-900130-0911 -Ps90.15 23352-900130-0912 -Ps90.16 23353-900130-0913 -Ps90.17 23354-900130-0916 -Ps91.1 01 The state of the godly 03 Their safety 09 Their habitation 11 Their servants 14 Their friend; with the effects of them all. on the same occasion as the preceeding; but others think it was written by David, after his advice to his son Solomon. 23355-900130-0917 -Ps91.2 23356-900130-0918 -Ps91.3 23357-900130-0919 -Ps91.4 23358-900130-0920 -Ps91.5 23359-900130-0921 -Ps91.6 23360-900130-0922 -Ps91.7 23361-900130-0922 -Ps91.8 23362-900130-0923 -Ps91.9 23363-900130-0924 -Ps91.10 23364-900130-0926 -Ps91.11 23365-900130-0926 -Ps91.12 23366-900130-0927 -Ps91.13 23367-900130-0928 -Ps91.14 23368-900130-0929 -Ps91.15 23369-900130-0930 -Ps91.16 23370-900131-0824 -Ps92.1 01 The prophet exhorts to praise God 04 For his great works 06 For his judgments on the wicked 10 And for his goodness to the godly. Psalm to have been composed by some of the Levites during or near the close of the Babylonian captivity, acknowledging the mercy of God, and foreseeing the destruction of their enemies, and their own return to Jerusalmen and the temple service. 23371-900131-0827 -Ps92.2 23372-900131-0828 -Ps92.3 23373-900131-0829 -Ps92.4 23374-900131-0830 -Ps92.5 23375-900131-0831 -Ps92.6 23376-900131-0832 -Ps92.7 23377-900131-0833 -Ps92.8 23378-900131-0834 -Ps92.9 23379-900131-0836 -Ps92.10 23380-900131-0836 -Ps92.11 23381-900131-0837 -Ps92.12 23382-900131-0839 -Ps92.13 23383-900131-0841 -Ps92.14 23384-900131-0841 -Ps92.15 23385-900131-0845 -Ps93.1 01 The majesty, stability, power, and holiness of Christ's kingdom. occasion as the preceding, as a part of which it is written in twelve MSS. 23386-900131-0846 -Ps93.2 23387-900131-0847 -Ps93.3 23388-900131-0848 -Ps93.4 23389-900131-0849 -Ps93.5 23390-900131-0852 -Ps94.1 01 The prophet, calling for justice, complains of tyranny and impiety. 08 He teaches God's providence 12 He shews the blessedness of affliction 16 God is the defender of the afflicted. written by David on occasion of his war with the Armmonites, in consequence of the indignities shewn to his messengers; but it is more probable that it was written to bewail the destruction of Jerusalem and the temple. 23391-900131-0854 -Ps94.2 23392-900131-0855 -Ps94.3 23393-900131-0856 -Ps94.4 23394-900131-0857 -Ps94.5 23395-900131-0857 -Ps94.6 23396-900131-0858 -Ps94.7 23397-900131-0859 -Ps94.8 23398-900131-0859 -Ps94.9 23399-900131-0901 -Ps94.10 23400-900131-0901 -Ps94.11 23401-900131-0902 -Ps94.12 23402-900131-0903 -Ps94.13 23403-900131-0904 -Ps94.14 23404-900131-0905 -Ps94.15 23405-900131-0908 -Ps94.16 23406-900131-0909 -Ps94.17 23407-900131-0910 -Ps94.18 23408-900131-0910 -Ps94.19 23409-900131-0912 -Ps94.20 23410-900131-0913 -Ps94.21 23411-900131-0914 -Ps94.22 23412-900131-0915 -Ps94.23 23413-900131-0918 -Ps95.1 01 An exhortation to praise God 03 For his greatness 06 And for his goodness 08 And not to tempt him 23414-900131-0919 -Ps95.2 23415-900131-0922 -Ps95.3 23416-900131-0925 -Ps95.4 hills are his 23417-900131-0926 -Ps95.5 23418-900131-0927 -Ps95.6 23419-900131-0929 -Ps95.7 23420-900131-0930 -Ps95.8 23421-900131-0932 -Ps95.9 23422-900131-0932 -Ps95.10 23423-900131-0933 -Ps95.11 23424-900207-0527 -Ps96.1 01 An exhortation to praise God 04 for his greatness 08 for his kingdom 11 for his general judgment 23425-900207-0528 -Ps96.2 23426-900207-0529 -Ps96.3 23427-900207-0530 -Ps96.4 23428-900207-0531 -Ps96.5 23429-900207-0532 -Ps96.6 23430-900207-0533 -Ps96.7 23431-900207-0538 -Ps96.8 23432-900207-0541 -Ps96.9 23433-900207-0543 -Ps96.10 23434-900207-0545 -Ps96.11 23435-900207-0545 -Ps96.12 23436-900207-0546 -Ps96.13 23437-900207-0555 -Ps97.1 01 The majesty of God's kingdom 07 The church rejoices at God's judgments upon idolaters 10 An exhortation to godliness and gladness 23438-900207-0557 -Ps97.2 23439-900207-0559 -Ps97.3 23440-900207-0600 -Ps97.4 23441-900207-0602 -Ps97.5 23442-900207-0603 -Ps97.6 23443-900207-0608 -Ps97.7 23444-900207-0609 -Ps97.8 23445-900207-0609 -Ps97.9 23446-900207-0611 -Ps97.10 23447-900207-0612 -Ps97.11 23448-900207-0613 -Ps97.12 23449-900207-0625 -Ps98.1 01 The psalmist exhorts the Jews 04 The Gentiles 07 And all the creatures, to praise God 23450-900207-0626 -Ps98.2 23451-900207-0627 -Ps98.3 23452-900207-0628 -Ps98.4 23453-900207-0628 -Ps98.5 23454-900207-0629 -Ps98.6 23455-900207-0629 -Ps98.7 23456-900207-0630 -Ps98.8 23457-900207-0631 -Ps98.9 23458-900207-0639 -Ps99.1 01 The prophet, setting forth the kingdom of God in Zion 05 Exhorts all, by the example of their forefathers, to worship God at his holy hill 23459-900207-0640 -Ps99.2 23460-900207-0641 -Ps99.3 23461-900207-0642 -Ps99.4 23462-900207-0643 -Ps99.5 23463-900207-0644 -Ps99.6 23464-900207-0646 -Ps99.7 23465-900207-0647 -Ps99.8 23466-900207-0648 -Ps99.9 23467-900207-0700 -Ps100.1 01 An exhortation to praise God, cheerfully 03 For his greatness 04 And for his power 23468-900207-0701 -Ps100.2 23469-900207-0703 -Ps100.3 23470-900207-0704 -Ps100.4 23471-900207-0705 -Ps100.5 23472-900207-0712 -Ps101.1 01 David makes a vow and profession of godliness. 23473-900207-0714 -Ps101.2 23474-900207-0718 -Ps101.3 23475-900207-0720 -Ps101.4 23476-900207-0721 -Ps101.5 23477-900207-0722 -Ps101.6 23478-900207-0723 -Ps101.7 23479-900207-0724 -Ps101.8 23480-900207-0755 -Ps102.1 01 The prophet in his prayer makes a grievous complaint. 12 He takes comfort in the eternity, and mercy of God 18 The mercies of God are to be recorded 23 He sustains his weakness by the unchangeableness of God. composed towards the close of the Babylonian captivity; and probably by the prophet Daniel. 23481-900207-0757 -Ps102.2 23482-900207-0757 -Ps102.3 23483-900207-0758 -Ps102.4 23484-900207-0759 -Ps102.5 23485-900207-0800 -Ps102.6 23486-900207-0800 -Ps102.7 23487-900207-0801 -Ps102.8 23488-900207-0802 -Ps102.9 23489-900207-0802 -Ps102.10 23490-900207-0803 -Ps102.11 23491-900207-0804 -Ps102.12 23492-900207-0805 -Ps102.13 23493-900207-0806 -Ps102.14 23494-900207-0816 -Ps102.15 23495-900207-0817 -Ps102.16 23496-900207-0818 -Ps102.17 23497-900207-0819 -Ps102.18 23498-900207-0820 -Ps102.19 23499-900207-0821 -Ps102.20 23500-900207-0821 -Ps102.21 23501-900207-0822 -Ps102.22 23502-900207-0823 -Ps102.23 23503-900207-0824 -Ps102.24 23504-900207-0824 -Ps102.25 23505-900207-0825 -Ps102.26 23506-900207-0825 -Ps102.27 23507-900207-0826 -Ps102.28 23508-900207-0844 -Ps103.1 01 An exhortation to bless God for his mercy 05 And for the constancy thereof 23509-900207-0844 -Ps103.2 23510-900207-0846 -Ps103.3 23511-900207-0846 -Ps103.4 23512-900207-0847 -Ps103.5 23513-900207-0848 -Ps103.6 23514-900207-0849 -Ps103.7 23515-900207-0850 -Ps103.8 23516-900207-0850 -Ps103.9 23517-900207-0851 -Ps103.10 23518-900207-0852 -Ps103.11 23519-900207-0852 -Ps103.12 23520-900207-0853 -Ps103.13 23521-900207-0854 -Ps103.14 23522-900207-0854 -Ps103.15 23523-900207-0855 -Ps103.16 23524-900207-0857 -Ps103.17 23525-900207-0858 -Ps103.18 23526-900207-0859 -Ps103.19 23527-900207-0859 -Ps103.20 23528-900207-0901 -Ps103.21 23529-900207-0901 -Ps103.22 23530-900208-0913 -Ps104.1 01 A meditation upon the mighty power 07 And wonderful providence of God 31 God's glory is eternal 33 The prophet vows perpetually to praise God providence, is ascribed to David in the LXX, Vulgate, Ethiopic, Syriac, and Arabic; and as it opens and closes with the same words as the preceding psalm, it is probable that it was composed on the same occasion; and it is written as part of it in nine MSS. ver. 35 23531-900208-0914 -Ps104.2 23532-900208-0914 -Ps104.3 23533-900208-0915 -Ps104.4 23534-900208-0916 -Ps104.5 the earth upon her bases. 23535-900208-0917 -Ps104.6 23536-900208-0917 -Ps104.7 23537-900208-0918 -Ps104.8 descend. 23538-900208-0919 -Ps104.9 23539-900208-0921 -Ps104.10 the earth, but, by the providence of God, are rendered the means of preserving every living thing; partly ascending from the great deep through the strata of the earth, partly exhaled in vapour from the surface of the ocean, and thence falling in rain, especially on the tops and sides of mountains, they break forth into fresh springs, and form streams and rivers. 23540-900208-0921 -Ps104.11 23541-900208-0922 -Ps104.12 23542-900208-0924 -Ps104.13 23543-900208-0925 -Ps104.14 23544-900208-0929 -Ps104.15 or, more than oil. 23545-900208-0932 -Ps104.16 23546-900208-0936 -Ps104.17 but when erect, about three or four feet high; its general colour is white; extremity of the wings, and small part of the head, black; legs, very long, red, and naked a great way up; the toes four, long and connected, with flat nails like those of a man; beak long, jagged, red, and somewhat compressed; the upper and under chaps both of a length, with a furrow from the nostrils; it feeds on serpents, frogs, and insects, on which account it might be deemed unclean; lays four eggs, and sits thirty days; migrates about August, and returns in spring; and is remarkable for its love to its parents, whom it never forsakes, but feeds and cherishes when old; whence it had the name chaseedah, which denotes kindness or piety, and stork, from the Greek, natural affection. 23547-900208-0938 -Ps104.18 is famous for mounting to the tops of the highest rocks. Its general appearance is that of the tame goat, of a dusky brown colour; but the male is larger, with long horns, bending backwards. 23548-900208-0938 -Ps104.19 23549-900208-0939 -Ps104.20 forest. 23550-900208-0940 -Ps104.21 23551-900208-0940 -Ps104.22 23552-900208-0941 -Ps104.23 23553-900208-0942 -Ps104.24 23554-900208-0943 -Ps104.25 23555-900208-0944 -Ps104.26 23556-900208-0944 -Ps104.27 23557-900208-0944 -Ps104.28 23558-900208-0945 -Ps104.29 23559-900208-0946 -Ps104.30 23560-900208-0947 -Ps104.31 23561-900208-0948 -Ps104.32 23562-900208-0949 -Ps104.33 23563-900208-0949 -Ps104.34 23564-900208-0950 -Ps104.35 23565-900208-0959 -Ps105.1 01 An exhortation to praise God, and to seek out his works 07 The story of God's providence over Abraham 16 Over Joseph 23 Over Jacob in Egypt 26 Over Moses delivering the Israelites 37 Over the Israelites brought out of Egypt, fed in the wilderness, and planted in Canaan. part of this Psalm, as far as the 16th verse is found with little variation, that David composed it at the removal of the ark to Mount Zion, and he himself probably enlarged it afterwards with the glorious detail of God's merciful dealings with Abraham and his posterity till their settlement in the land of Promise. The Hallelujah, which terminates the preceding Psalm, is made the title of this by the Septuagint, Vulgate, Arabic, and Ethiopic; and the Syriac considers it a paraphrase on the words, Fear not, Jacob, to go down into Egypt; and teaches us spiritaully not to fear when we are obliged to contend with devils; for God is our shield, and will fight for us. 23566-900208-1000 -Ps105.2 23567-900208-1001 -Ps105.3 23568-900208-1001 -Ps105.4 23569-900208-1002 -Ps105.5 23570-900208-1002 -Ps105.6 23571-900208-1004 -Ps105.7 23572-900208-1004 -Ps105.8 23573-900208-1005 -Ps105.9 23574-900208-1005 -Ps105.10 23575-900208-1006 -Ps105.11 23576-900208-1006 -Ps105.12 23577-900208-1007 -Ps105.13 23578-900208-1007 -Ps105.14 23579-900208-1008 -Ps105.15 23580-900208-1009 -Ps105.16 23581-900208-1010 -Ps105.17 23582-900208-1011 -Ps105.18 23583-900208-1011 -Ps105.19 23584-900208-1015 -Ps105.20 23585-900208-1016 -Ps105.21 23586-900208-1016 -Ps105.22 23587-900208-1017 -Ps105.23 23588-900208-1018 -Ps105.24 23589-900208-1018 -Ps105.25 23590-900208-1020 -Ps105.26 23591-900208-1021 -Ps105.27 23592-900208-1022 -Ps105.28 23593-900208-1023 -Ps105.29 23594-900208-1023 -Ps105.30 23595-900208-1024 -Ps105.31 23596-900208-1024 -Ps105.32 23597-900208-1025 -Ps105.33 23598-900208-1026 -Ps105.34 23599-900208-1026 -Ps105.35 23600-900208-1027 -Ps105.36 23601-900208-1029 -Ps105.37 children, and cattle, it must certainly have appeared extraordinary, that there was none amoung them weak or feeble, none unable to perform the journey. The order was that not a hoof should be left behind; and He who commanded gave strength to obey. 23602-900208-1029 -Ps105.38 23603-900208-1030 -Ps105.39 23604-900208-1031 -Ps105.40 23605-900208-1031 -Ps105.41 23606-900208-1032 -Ps105.42 23607-900208-1034 -Ps105.43 23608-900208-1035 -Ps105.44 and houses they had built, the vineyards they had planted, etc. 23609-900208-1035 -Ps105.45 23610-900208-1445 -Ps106.1 01 The psalmist exhorts to praise God 04 He prays for pardon of sin, as God pardoned the fathers 07 The story of the people's rebellion, and God's mercy 47 He concludes with prayer and praise first and two last verses of this are found in the same place; and it is highly probable this was composed upon the same occasion as the former, to which it seems to be a continuation; for as that celebrates the mercies of God to Israel, so this confesses and deplores the rebellions of Israel against Jehovah. 23611-900208-1446 -Ps106.2 23612-900208-1451 -Ps106.3 23613-900208-1452 -Ps106.4 23614-900208-1454 -Ps106.5 23615-900208-1454 -Ps106.6 23616-900208-1455 -Ps106.7 23617-900208-1456 -Ps106.8 23618-900208-1458 -Ps106.9 has life. The sea is an animated being, behaves itself proudly, is rebuked, and retires in confussion. 23619-900208-1459 -Ps106.10 23620-900208-1459 -Ps106.11 23621-900208-1500 -Ps106.12 23622-900208-1501 -Ps106.13 days afterwards, at the waters of Marah. 23623-900208-1502 -Ps106.14 23624-900208-1504 -Ps106.15 innutritive food. God gave them flesh as they desired, but no blessing accompanied it; and, in consequence, they did not fatten, but grew lean upon it; and many surfeited by excess, died of disease. Instead of razon, leanness, however, Bp. Lowth supposes we should read zeraon, nausea or loathing, which appears to be supported by several ancient versions, and by Nu. 11.20, where this portion of the history of the Israelites is recorded, and where the word zara is used, and rendered, it be loathsome. 23625-900208-1505 -Ps106.16 23626-900208-1505 -Ps106.17 23627-900208-1506 -Ps106.18 23628-900208-1506 -Ps106.19 23629-900208-1507 -Ps106.20 peculair object of their glory. 23630-900208-1508 -Ps106.21 23631-900208-1510 -Ps106.22 called the land of Ham, or rather, Cham, because it was peopled by Mizraim the son of Ham, and grandson of Noah. Plutarch informs us, that the Egyptians called their country Chemia; and the Copts give it the name of Chemi, to the present day. 23632-900208-1511 -Ps106.23 23633-900208-1512 -Ps106.24 23634-900208-1513 -Ps106.25 23635-900208-1514 -Ps106.26 23636-900208-1515 -Ps106.27 23637-900208-1516 -Ps106.28 idols of the heathen were generally men, warriors, kings, or lawgivers, who had been deified after their death; though many of them had been execrated during their life. 23638-900208-1517 -Ps106.29 23639-900208-1518 -Ps106.30 23640-900208-1518 -Ps106.31 23641-900208-1519 -Ps106.32 23642-900208-1520 -Ps106.33 23643-900208-1521 -Ps106.34 23644-900208-1521 -Ps106.35 23645-900208-1523 -Ps106.36 23646-900208-1525 -Ps106.37 may appear, it is certain, that they did not only exist, but almost universally prevailed in the heathen world, especially among the Canaanites and Phoenicians. 23647-900208-1526 -Ps106.38 23648-900208-1528 -Ps106.39 23649-900208-1528 -Ps106.40 23650-900208-1529 -Ps106.41 23651-900208-1529 -Ps106.42 23652-900208-1531 -Ps106.43 23653-900208-1531 -Ps106.44 23654-900208-1532 -Ps106.45 23655-900208-1533 -Ps106.46 23656-900208-1534 -Ps106.47 23657-900208-1535 -Ps106.48 23658-900215-1009 -Ps107.1 01 The psalmist exhorts the redeemed in praising God to observe his manifold providence 04 Over travellers 10 Over captives 17 Over sick men 23 Over seamen 33 And in divers varieties of life. it was evidently written to commemorate the return of the Jews from the Babylonian captivity; and it may easily be perceived that it must have been sung in alternate parts, having a double burden, or two intercalary verses often recurring. Bp. Lowth considers it as written after the method of the ancient pastorals, where, be the subject of their verse what it will, each swain endeavours to excel the other; and one may perceive their thoughts and expressions gradually to rise upon each other. No doubt, he adds, the composition of this Psalm is admirable throughout; and the descriptive part of it adds at least its share of beauty to the whole; but what is most to be admired is its conciseness, and withal the expressiveness of the diction, which strikes the imagination with illimitable elegance. The weary and bewildered traveller--the miserable captive in the dungeon--the sick and dying man--the seaman foundering in a storm--are described in so affecting a manner, that they far exceed any thing of the kind, though never so much laboured. 23659-900215-1009 -Ps107.2 23660-900215-1010 -Ps107.3 23661-900215-1010 -Ps107.4 Israelites in captivity are compared to travellers in a dreary, uninhabited, and barren desert, spent with hunger and thirst, as well as by the fatigues of the journey. 23662-900215-1010 -Ps107.5 23663-900215-1012 -Ps107.6 23664-900215-1017 -Ps107.7 23665-900215-1018 -Ps107.8 23666-900215-1020 -Ps107.9 23667-900215-1021 -Ps107.10 the captives in Babylon is illustrated by that of prisoners in a dreary dungeon. 23668-900215-1024 -Ps107.11 23669-900215-1025 -Ps107.12 23670-900215-1025 -Ps107.13 23671-900215-1027 -Ps107.14 23672-900215-1027 -Ps107.15 23673-900215-1027 -Ps107.16 23674-900215-1029 -Ps107.17 compared to persons in a dangerous malady, as the consequences of their own sins. 23675-900215-1029 -Ps107.18 23676-900215-1030 -Ps107.19 23677-900215-1031 -Ps107.20 23678-900215-1031 -Ps107.21 23679-900215-1032 -Ps107.22 23680-900215-1033 -Ps107.23 dangerous and alarming as a dreadful tempest at sea; with a most natural and striking description of which we are here presented. 23681-900215-1033 -Ps107.24 23682-900215-1034 -Ps107.25 23683-900215-1035 -Ps107.26 23684-900215-1035 -Ps107.27 23685-900215-1036 -Ps107.28 23686-900215-1036 -Ps107.29 23687-900215-1037 -Ps107.30 23688-900215-1038 -Ps107.31 23689-900215-1039 -Ps107.32 23690-900215-1040 -Ps107.33 23691-900215-1041 -Ps107.34 23692-900215-1042 -Ps107.35 23693-900215-1042 -Ps107.36 23694-900215-1043 -Ps107.37 23695-900215-1044 -Ps107.38 23696-900215-1048 -Ps107.39 frequently occur, and mark the superintendence of a benign Providence, and the hand of a just God, appear to be brought forward to illustrate the return of the Israelites from captivity, and the punishment of their oppressors the Babylonians. Wherefore, at last, as in a common chorus, they conclude with exhorting each other to a serious consideration of these things, and to make a proper return to the Almighty. 23697-900215-1050 -Ps107.40 23698-900215-1051 -Ps107.41 23699-900215-1052 -Ps107.42 23700-900215-1053 -Ps107.43 23701-900215-1055 -Ps108.1 01 David encourages himself to praise God 05 He prays for God's assistance according to his promise 11 His confidence in God's help ver. 1-5 being the same as ps 57.7-11 and ver. 6-13 the same as ps 60.5-12 and it is probably to be referred to the same period as the latter. ps 68. 23702-900215-1056 -Ps108.2 23703-900215-1056 -Ps108.3 23704-900215-1057 -Ps108.4 23705-900215-1058 -Ps108.5 23706-900215-1100 -Ps108.6 23707-900215-1101 -Ps108.7 23708-900215-1102 -Ps108.8 23709-900215-1103 -Ps108.9 23710-900215-1103 -Ps108.10 23711-900215-1104 -Ps108.11 23712-900215-1104 -Ps108.12 23713-900215-1105 -Ps108.13 23714-900216-0925 -Ps109.1 01 David complaining of his slanderous enemies, under the person of Judas devotes them 16 He shews their sin 21 Complaining of his own misery, he prays for help 29 He promises thankfulness was composed by David, when persecuted by Saul, who was rendered more implacable by the base and malicious calumnies of Doeg and others; though some are of opinion, that it was written when David fled from Absalom, and that Ahithophel, rather than Doeg, is the typical person against whom it is principally directed. 23715-900216-0936 -Ps109.2 23716-900216-0937 -Ps109.3 23717-900216-0938 -Ps109.4 23718-900216-0939 -Ps109.5 23719-900216-0942 -Ps109.6 imprecations are those of David's enemies against himself; and they would render, Set say they, a wicked, etc; but this is rendered highly improbable by the 8th verse being applied by St. Peter to the traitor Judas, of whom David was certainly not a type. Bp. Horsley and others, however, render the verbs in the future tense, the first verb alone being in the imperative; justly considering the Psalmist as merely uttering prophetic denunciations of God's displeasure against sinners. 23720-900216-0943 -Ps109.7 23721-900216-0943 -Ps109.8 23722-900216-0944 -Ps109.9 23723-900216-0944 -Ps109.10 23724-900216-0945 -Ps109.11 23725-900216-0945 -Ps109.12 23726-900216-0946 -Ps109.13 23727-900216-0947 -Ps109.14 23728-900216-0948 -Ps109.15 23729-900216-0949 -Ps109.16 23730-900216-0950 -Ps109.17 23731-900216-0951 -Ps109.18 23732-900216-0952 -Ps109.19 23733-900216-0953 -Ps109.20 23734-900216-0953 -Ps109.21 23735-900216-0955 -Ps109.22 23736-900216-0955 -Ps109.23 23737-900216-0957 -Ps109.24 23738-900216-0957 -Ps109.25 23739-900216-0959 -Ps109.26 23740-900216-0959 -Ps109.27 23741-900216-1000 -Ps109.28 23742-900216-1001 -Ps109.29 23743-900216-1002 -Ps109.30 23744-900216-1003 -Ps109.31 23745-900216-1005 -Ps110.1 01 The kingdom 04 The priesthood 05 The conquest 07 And the passion of Christ David after Nathan's prophetic address; and from the grandeur of the subject and the sublimity of the expressions, it is evident that it can only refer, as the ancient Jews fully acknowledged, to the royal dignity, priesthood, victories, and triumphs of the MESSIAH. 23746-900216-1007 -Ps110.2 23747-900216-1008 -Ps110.3 thou shalt have, etc. 23748-900216-1010 -Ps110.4 23749-900216-1011 -Ps110.5 23750-900216-1012 -Ps110.6 23751-900216-1013 -Ps110.7 23752-900216-1017 -Ps111.1 01 The psalmist by his example incites others to praise God for his glorious 05 And gracious works 10 The fear of God breeds true wisdom beginning consecutively with a letter of the Hebrew alphabet, Hallelujah, which begins with the fifth, must be considered as the title. 23753-900216-1019 -Ps111.2 23754-900216-1020 -Ps111.3 23755-900216-1021 -Ps111.4 23756-900216-1022 -Ps111.5 23757-900216-1022 -Ps111.6 23758-900216-1024 -Ps111.7 23759-900216-1024 -Ps111.8 23760-900216-1026 -Ps111.9 23761-900216-1028 -Ps111.10 23762-900219-0918 -Ps112.1 01 Godliness has the promises of this life 04 And of the life to come 10 The prosperity of the godly shall be an eyesore to the wicked exactly as the preceding in the division of its verses; and like it, was probably composed for the use of the Jews, after their return from captivity. 23763-900219-0918 -Ps112.2 23764-900219-0920 -Ps112.3 23765-900219-0921 -Ps112.4 23766-900219-0923 -Ps112.5 23767-900219-0923 -Ps112.6 23768-900219-0924 -Ps112.7 23769-900219-0925 -Ps112.8 23770-900219-0927 -Ps112.9 23771-900219-0928 -Ps112.10 23772-900219-0932 -Ps113.1 01 An exhortation to praise God for his excellency 06 For his mercy Hebrews the great Hallel, or praise; which was sung on their most solemn festivals, and particularly after the celebration of the Passover. from the captivity. 23773-900219-0933 -Ps113.2 23774-900219-0934 -Ps113.3 23775-900219-0935 -Ps113.4 23776-900219-0936 -Ps113.5 23777-900219-0938 -Ps113.6 line are to be referred severally to the two preceding lines; as if it were, Who is exalted to dwell in the heavens; and who humbleth himself to inspect the things on earth. 23778-900219-0940 -Ps113.7 23779-900219-0940 -Ps113.8 23780-900219-0941 -Ps113.9 23781-900219-0943 -Ps114.1 01 The miracles wrought by God, when he brought his people out of Egypt, are a just ground of fearing him. sublimity, yields to few in the whole book. The composition of it is inexpressibly beautiful, and in the highest style of poetry. 23782-900219-0944 -Ps114.2 23783-900219-0944 -Ps114.3 23784-900219-0945 -Ps114.4 23785-900219-0945 -Ps114.5 23786-900219-0946 -Ps114.6 23787-900219-0946 -Ps114.7 23788-900219-0947 -Ps114.8 23789-900219-0950 -Ps115.1 01 Because God is truly glorious 04 And idols are vanity 09 He exhorts to confidence in God 12 God is to be blessed for his blessing which the victory is wholly ascribed to Jehovah; and to none can it be referred with more propriety than to that of Jehoshaphat over the confederated forces of his enemies. 23790-900219-0950 -Ps115.2 23791-900219-0951 -Ps115.3 23792-900219-0953 -Ps115.4 generally made in the form of man, they can neither see, hear, smell, feel, walk, nor speak! Even the wiser heathen made them the objects of their jests. 23793-900219-0953 -Ps115.5 23794-900219-0953 -Ps115.6 23795-900219-0954 -Ps115.7 23796-900219-0954 -Ps115.8 23797-900219-0955 -Ps115.9 23798-900219-0956 -Ps115.10 23799-900219-0956 -Ps115.11 23800-900219-0957 -Ps115.12 23801-900219-0958 -Ps115.13 23802-900219-0959 -Ps115.14 23803-900219-0959 -Ps115.15 23804-900219-1000 -Ps115.16 23805-900219-1000 -Ps115.17 23806-900219-1001 -Ps115.18 23807-900219-1003 -Ps116.1 01 The psalmist professes his love and duty to God for his deliverance 12 He studies to be thankful dialect being used in this Psalm, it appears to have been written after the Babylonian captivity. 23808-900219-1004 -Ps116.2 23809-900219-1005 -Ps116.3 23810-900219-1006 -Ps116.4 23811-900219-1007 -Ps116.5 23812-900219-1008 -Ps116.6 23813-900219-1008 -Ps116.7 23814-900219-1009 -Ps116.8 23815-900219-1010 -Ps116.9 23816-900219-1010 -Ps116.10 23817-900219-1011 -Ps116.11 23818-900219-1011 -Ps116.12 23819-900219-1012 -Ps116.13 23820-900219-1013 -Ps116.14 23821-900219-1013 -Ps116.15 23822-900219-1014 -Ps116.16 23823-900219-1015 -Ps116.17 23824-900219-1015 -Ps116.18 23825-900219-1016 -Ps116.19 23826-900219-1018 -Ps117.1 01 An exhortation to praise God for his mercy and truth as a part of the preceding in thirty-two MSS.: it celebrates the deliverance from the Babylonian captivity, the grand type of the redemption of the world by the Messiah. 23827-900219-1019 -Ps117.2 23828-900220-0858 -Ps118.1 01 An exhortation to praise God for his mercy 05 The psalmist by his experience shews how good it is to trust in God 19 Under the type of the psalmist the coming of Christ in his kingdom is expressed David after Nathan's prophetic address; and sung by alternate choirs at some public festival. It largely partakes of David's spirit, and everywhere shews the hand of a master; the style is grand and sublime; the subject noble and majestic. 23829-900220-0859 -Ps118.2 23830-900220-0900 -Ps118.3 23831-900220-0900 -Ps118.4 23832-900220-0901 -Ps118.5 23833-900220-0903 -Ps118.6 23834-900220-0904 -Ps118.7 23835-900220-0904 -Ps118.8 23836-900220-0905 -Ps118.9 23837-900220-0906 -Ps118.10 23838-900220-0907 -Ps118.11 23839-900220-0908 -Ps118.12 23840-900220-0908 -Ps118.13 23841-900220-0909 -Ps118.14 23842-900220-0910 -Ps118.15 23843-900220-0910 -Ps118.16 23844-900220-0911 -Ps118.17 23845-900220-0912 -Ps118.18 23846-900220-0913 -Ps118.19 23847-900220-0918 -Ps118.20 the priest, the next by the king, the three next by a chorus of people, the 25th by the king, the two next by the priest, the 28th by the king, and the last the grand chorus of the whole assembly. 23848-900220-0918 -Ps118.21 23849-900220-0919 -Ps118.22 23850-900220-0920 -Ps118.23 23851-900220-0920 -Ps118.24 23852-900220-0921 -Ps118.25 23853-900220-0921 -Ps118.26 23854-900220-0922 -Ps118.27 23855-900220-0923 -Ps118.28 23856-900220-0923 -Ps118.29 23857-900220-0927 -Ps119.1 01 This psalm contains sundry prayers, praises, and professions of obedience. by Ezra, is another of the alphabetical Psalms: it consists of twenty-two parts, answering to the number of the Hebrew letters; every part being divided into eight verses, and each verse beginning with that letter which forms the title of the part; that is, the first part of eight verses. It is an elegant important, and useful composition; the chief subjects of which are the excellence of God's laws, and the happiness of those who observe them. 23858-900220-0928 -Ps119.2 23859-900220-0928 -Ps119.3 23860-900220-0929 -Ps119.4 23861-900220-0929 -Ps119.5 23862-900220-0930 -Ps119.6 23863-900220-0931 -Ps119.7 23864-900220-0932 -Ps119.8 23865-900220-0934 -Ps119.9 23866-900220-0935 -Ps119.10 23867-900220-0936 -Ps119.11 23868-900220-0937 -Ps119.12 23869-900220-0937 -Ps119.13 23870-900220-0938 -Ps119.14 23871-900220-0939 -Ps119.15 23872-900220-0939 -Ps119.16 23873-900220-0942 -Ps119.17 his faith and prayers. From this word is derived the name of gimmel, the third letter of the alphabet, which is prefixed to every verse in this part; this is a stroke of the Psalmist's art and ingenuity. 23874-900220-0943 -Ps119.18 23875-900220-0944 -Ps119.19 23876-900220-0944 -Ps119.20 23877-900220-0947 -Ps119.21 23878-900220-0948 -Ps119.22 23879-900220-0948 -Ps119.23 23880-900220-0949 -Ps119.24 23881-900220-0951 -Ps119.25 23882-900220-0951 -Ps119.26 23883-900220-0952 -Ps119.27 23884-900220-0953 -Ps119.28 23885-900220-0954 -Ps119.29 23886-900220-0955 -Ps119.30 23887-900220-0956 -Ps119.31 23888-900220-0959 -Ps119.32 23889-900220-1000 -Ps119.33 23890-900220-1002 -Ps119.34 23891-900220-1005 -Ps119.35 23892-900220-1006 -Ps119.36 23893-900220-1007 -Ps119.37 23894-900220-1007 -Ps119.38 23895-900220-1008 -Ps119.39 23896-900220-1009 -Ps119.40 23897-900220-1010 -Ps119.41 23898-900220-1011 -Ps119.42 thing 23899-900220-1012 -Ps119.43 23900-900220-1013 -Ps119.44 obedience will constitute a large proportion of heavenly happiness to all eternity; and the nearer we approach to it on earth, the more we anticipate the felicity of heaven. 23901-900220-1014 -Ps119.45 23902-900220-1015 -Ps119.46 23903-900220-1016 -Ps119.47 23904-900220-1017 -Ps119.48 23905-900220-1017 -Ps119.49 23906-900220-1018 -Ps119.50 23907-900220-1019 -Ps119.51 23908-900220-1021 -Ps119.52 23909-900220-1023 -Ps119.53 wind called by the Arabs Simoom. mental distress; and strongly marks the idea the Psalmist had of the corrupting, pestilential, and destructive nature of sin. 23910-900220-1024 -Ps119.54 23911-900227-1040 -Ps119.55 23912-900227-1419 -Ps119.56 23913-900227-1420 -Ps119.57 23914-900227-1421 -Ps119.58 23915-900227-1422 -Ps119.59 23916-900227-1422 -Ps119.60 23917-900227-1423 -Ps119.61 23918-900227-1425 -Ps119.62 23919-900227-1426 -Ps119.63 23920-900227-1426 -Ps119.64 23921-900227-1427 -Ps119.65 23922-900227-1428 -Ps119.66 23923-900227-1428 -Ps119.67 23924-900227-1429 -Ps119.68 23925-900227-1430 -Ps119.69 23926-900227-1431 -Ps119.70 23927-900227-1431 -Ps119.71 23928-900227-1432 -Ps119.72 23929-900227-1434 -Ps119.73 23930-900227-1434 -Ps119.74 23931-900227-1435 -Ps119.75 23932-900227-1436 -Ps119.76 23933-900227-1436 -Ps119.77 23934-900227-1438 -Ps119.78 23935-900227-1438 -Ps119.79 23936-900227-1439 -Ps119.80 23937-900227-1440 -Ps119.81 23938-900227-1440 -Ps119.82 23939-900227-1442 -Ps119.83 made of skin, it is evident that one of these hung up in the smoke must soon be parched, shrivelled up, lose all its strength, and become unsightly and useless. Thus the Psalmist appeared to himself to have become useless and despicable, through and exhausted state of his body and mind, by long bodily afflictions and mental distress. 23940-900227-1444 -Ps119.84 23941-900227-1454 -Ps119.85 beasts are caught in the East; deep pits are dug in the earth, and slightly covered over with reeds, turf, etc., so as not to be discerned from the solid ground; and the animals attempting to walk over them, the surface breaks, they fall in, and are taken alive. Thus the Psalmist's enemies employed craft as well as power in order to effect his ruin. 23942-900227-1454 -Ps119.86 23943-900227-1454 -Ps119.87 23944-900227-1455 -Ps119.88 23945-900227-1455 -Ps119.89 23946-900227-1450 -Ps119.90 23947-900227-1455 -Ps119.91 23948-900227-1455 -Ps119.92 23949-900227-1452 -Ps119.93 23950-900227-1456 -Ps119.94 23951-900227-1458 -Ps119.95 23952-900227-1500 -Ps119.96 knowledge, however extensive, noble, and excellent, has it sounds, and limits, and end; but Thy law, a transcript of Thine own mind, is infinite, and extends to eternity. 23953-900227-1501 -Ps119.97 23954-900227-1502 -Ps119.98 23955-900227-1505 -Ps119.99 23956-900227-1506 -Ps119.100 23957-900227-1507 -Ps119.101 23958-900227-1507 -Ps119.102 23959-900227-1508 -Ps119.103 23960-900227-1509 -Ps119.104 23961-900227-1509 -Ps119.105 23962-900227-1510 -Ps119.106 23963-900227-1510 -Ps119.107 23964-900227-1511 -Ps119.108 23965-900227-1516 -Ps119.109 constant danger; every hour I am on the confines of death. The LXX, Syriac, and Ethiopic read, in thy hand; but this is a conjectural and useless alteration. 23966-900227-1517 -Ps119.110 23967-900227-1522 -Ps119.111 23968-900227-1519 -Ps119.112 23969-900227-1520 -Ps119.113 23970-900227-1521 -Ps119.114 23971-900227-1523 -Ps119.115 23972-900227-1523 -Ps119.116 23973-900227-1524 -Ps119.117 23974-900227-1525 -Ps119.118 23975-900227-1527 -Ps119.119 burnt up, fly off in fumes, or in scorice, which Thou sweepest away. 23976-900227-1528 -Ps119.120 23977-900227-1529 -Ps119.121 23978-900227-1530 -Ps119.122 23979-900227-1530 -Ps119.123 23980-900227-1531 -Ps119.124 23981-900227-1532 -Ps119.125 23982-900227-1534 -Ps119.126 Pharisees, make void the law of God, generally then it is time for God to arise to vindicate His own honour and maintain His cause among men. 23983-900227-1534 -Ps119.127 23984-900227-1536 -Ps119.128 versions, except the Chaldee; which reads simply, all thy precepts; and this renders the text more perspicuous and unembarrassed. 23985-900227-1537 -Ps119.129 23986-900227-1539 -Ps119.130 to the mind upon every subject of which they treat; and speedily communicate more useful knowledge to the simplest believer, upon the most important topics, than the acutest philosophers have been able to develope through successive ages. 23987-900227-1540 -Ps119.131 23988-900227-1540 -Ps119.132 toward those 23989-900227-1541 -Ps119.133 23990-900227-1542 -Ps119.134 23991-900227-1543 -Ps119.135 23992-900227-1544 -Ps119.136 23993-900227-1544 -Ps119.137 23994-900227-1545 -Ps119.138 23995-900227-1546 -Ps119.139 23996-900227-1547 -Ps119.140 itself, reflecting the holiness of Jehovah's character and government, and requiring and leading to purity of heart and life. 23997-900227-1548 -Ps119.141 23998-900227-1550 -Ps119.142 wickedness by a law; or they may change their decrees, and with them what is right today may be wrong tomorrow; but the law of God is righteousness, and it is truth, today and for ever. 23999-900227-1551 -Ps119.143 24000-900227-1552 -Ps119.144 24001-900227-1552 -Ps119.145 24002-900227-1553 -Ps119.146 24003-900227-1554 -Ps119.147 morning dawn; and was before hand with the light itself. 24004-900227-1555 -Ps119.148 three watches of four hours each, beginning at six o'clock in the evening; before the last of which, the day break, or morning watch, as the LXX and Vulgate read, the Psalmist was awake. 24005-900227-1556 -Ps119.149 24006-900227-1557 -Ps119.150 24007-900227-1558 -Ps119.151 24008-900227-1558 -Ps119.152 24009-900227-1559 -Ps119.153 24010-900227-1600 -Ps119.154 24011-900227-1601 -Ps119.155 24012-900227-1602 -Ps119.156 24013-900227-1603 -Ps119.157 24014-900227-1603 -Ps119.158 24015-900227-1604 -Ps119.159 24016-900227-1605 -Ps119.160 word is true. 24017-900227-1606 -Ps119.161 24018-900227-1607 -Ps119.162 24019-900227-1608 -Ps119.163 24020-900227-1609 -Ps119.164 the term seven frequently denotes; but Rabbi Solomon says that this is to be understood literally; for they praised God twice in the morning before reading the decalogue, and once after; twice in the evening before the same reading, and twice after; making in the whole seven times. 24021-900227-1611 -Ps119.165 block 24022-900227-1611 -Ps119.166 24023-900227-1612 -Ps119.167 24024-900227-1612 -Ps119.168 24025-900227-1613 -Ps119.169 24026-900227-1614 -Ps119.170 24027-900227-1615 -Ps119.171 context. My lips shall pour forth praise; for thou hast taught me thy statues. 24028-900227-1615 -Ps119.172 24029-900227-1616 -Ps119.173 24030-900227-1617 -Ps119.174 24031-900227-1618 -Ps119.175 24032-900227-1619 -Ps119.176 24033-900228-1254 -Ps120.1 01 David prays against Doeg 03 Reproves his tongue 05 Complains of his necessary conversation with the wicked Psalm to have been composed by David, when the calumnies of Doeg and others forced him to flee his country. 24034-900228-1254 -Ps120.2 24035-900228-1255 -Ps120.3 thee? or, what shall it profit thee? 24036-900228-1256 -Ps120.4 with coals of juniper. 24037-900228-1258 -Ps120.5 24038-900228-1258 -Ps120.6 24039-900228-1259 -Ps120.7 24040-900228-1301 -Ps121.1 01 The great safety of the godly, who put their trust in God's protection should my help come? 24041-900228-1301 -Ps121.2 24042-900228-1302 -Ps121.3 24043-900228-1303 -Ps121.4 24044-900228-1303 -Ps121.5 24045-900228-1304 -Ps121.6 24046-900228-1304 -Ps121.7 24047-900228-1305 -Ps121.8 24048-900228-1307 -Ps122.1 01 David professes his joy for the church 06 And prays for the peace thereof 24049-900228-1307 -Ps122.2 24050-900228-1308 -Ps122.3 24051-900228-1308 -Ps122.4 24052-900228-1309 -Ps122.5 24053-900228-1310 -Ps122.6 24054-900228-1311 -Ps122.7 24055-900228-1311 -Ps122.8 24056-900228-1312 -Ps122.9 24057-900228-1315 -Ps123.1 01 The godly profess their confidence in God 03 And pray to be delivered from contempt probably a complaint of the captives in Babylon, relative to the contempt and cruel usage they received. 24058-900228-1315 -Ps123.2 24059-900228-1316 -Ps123.3 24060-900228-1317 -Ps123.4 24061-900228-1322 -Ps124.1 01 The church blesses God for a miraculous deliverance which is celebrated in this Psalm. Some refer it to the deliverance of the Hezekiah from Sennacherib; and others to the return from the Babylonian captivity; while Dr. A. Clarke refers it to that of the Jews from the massacre intended by Haman. 24062-900228-1322 -Ps124.2 24063-900228-1323 -Ps124.3 24064-900228-1323 -Ps124.4 24065-900228-1323 -Ps124.5 24066-900228-1324 -Ps124.6 24067-900228-1325 -Ps124.7 24068-900228-1325 -Ps124.8 24069-900228-1328 -Ps125.1 01 The safety of such as trust in God 04 A prayer for the godly, and against the wicked 24070-900228-1329 -Ps125.2 24071-900228-1330 -Ps125.3 24072-900228-1330 -Ps125.4 24073-900228-1331 -Ps125.5 24074-900228-1334 -Ps126.1 01 The church celebrating her incredible return out of captivity 04 Prays for and prophesies the good success thereof composed in consequence of the proclamation of Cyrus in favour of the Jews, giving them leave to return to their own land, and rebuild their city and temple. 24075-900228-1335 -Ps126.2 24076-900228-1336 -Ps126.3 24077-900228-1337 -Ps126.4 24078-900228-1338 -Ps126.5 24079-900228-1339 -Ps126.6 24080-900228-1341 -Ps127.1 01 The virtue of God's blessing 03 Good children are his gift 24081-900228-1342 -Ps127.2 24082-900228-1344 -Ps127.3 24083-900228-1344 -Ps127.4 24084-900228-1345 -Ps127.5 24085-900228-1346 -Ps128.1 01 The sundry blessings which follow them that fear God 24086-900228-1347 -Ps128.2 24087-900228-1348 -Ps128.3 24088-900228-1348 -Ps128.4 24089-900228-1349 -Ps128.5 24090-900228-1350 -Ps128.6 24091-900228-1352 -Ps129.1 01 An exhortation to praise God for saving Israel in their great afflictions 05 The haters of the church are cursed probably composed in consequence of the opposition of the Samaritans. 24092-900228-1353 -Ps129.2 24093-900228-1353 -Ps129.3 24094-900228-1354 -Ps129.4 24095-900228-1355 -Ps129.5 24096-900228-1355 -Ps129.6 24097-900228-1356 -Ps129.7 24098-900228-1356 -Ps129.8 24099-900301-0911 -Ps130.1 01 The psalmist professes his hope in prayer 05 And his patience in hope 07 He exhorts Israel to trust in God 24100-900301-0913 -Ps130.2 24101-900301-0913 -Ps130.3 24102-900301-0915 -Ps130.4 24103-900301-0916 -Ps130.5 24104-900301-0916 -Ps130.6 watch unto the morning 24105-900301-0926 -Ps130.7 24106-900301-0929 -Ps130.8 24107-900301-0936 -Ps131.1 01 David professing his humility 03 Exhorts Israel to trust in God David when accused by Saul and his courtiers that he affected the crown; though others refer it to the time of the captivity; and consider it as containing a fair account of the manner in which the captives behaved themselves. 24108-900515-0627 -Ps131.2 24109-900301-0938 -Ps131.3 24110-900301-0942 -Ps132.1 01 David in his prayer commends unto God the religious care he had for the ark 08 His prayer at the removing of the ark 11 With a repetition of God's promises Psalm to Solomon; and others refer it to the building of the second temple; but it seems more probable that it was sung at the solemn induction of the ark into the tabernacle of Mount Zion, expressing the holy joy and triumph of that event. 24111-900301-0943 -Ps132.2 24112-900301-0943 -Ps132.3 24113-900301-0943 -Ps132.4 24114-900301-0944 -Ps132.5 24115-900301-0945 -Ps132.6 24116-900301-0946 -Ps132.7 24117-900301-0946 -Ps132.8 24118-900301-0947 -Ps132.9 24119-900301-0948 -Ps132.10 24120-900301-0949 -Ps132.11 24121-900301-0949 -Ps132.12 24122-900301-0950 -Ps132.13 24123-900301-0952 -Ps132.14 24124-900301-0953 -Ps132.15 24125-900301-0954 -Ps132.16 24126-900301-0954 -Ps132.17 24127-900301-0955 -Ps132.18 24128-900301-0957 -Ps133.1 01 The blessedness of unity among brethren David was made king over all Israel 24129-900301-0958 -Ps133.2 24130-900301-1000 -Ps133.3 instructed by experience what the holy Psalmist means by The dew of Hermon, our tents being as wet with it as if it had rained all night. Some suppose that Zion here means a part of Mount Hermon; but it is not written Sion here, but Zion, which is at Jerusalem. 24131-900301-1001 -Ps134.1 01 An exhortation to bless God 24132-900301-1002 -Ps134.2 24133-900301-1003 -Ps134.3 24134-900301-1005 -Ps135.1 01 An exhortation to praise God for his mercy 05 For his power 08 For his judgements 15 The vanity of idols 19 An exhortation to bless God morning hymn which the precentor called upon the Levites to sing at the opening of the gates of the temple, as the foregoing was sung at the shutting in the evening; but it is more probable that it was composed by Solomon, to be sung at the dedication of the temple. 24135-900301-1006 -Ps135.2 24136-900301-1007 -Ps135.3 24137-900301-1007 -Ps135.4 24138-900301-1008 -Ps135.5 24139-900301-1010 -Ps135.6 24140-900301-1013 -Ps135.7 night passes at Aleppo without much lightning in the north-west, but not attended with thunder; and when it appears in the west or south-western points, it is a sure sign of the approaching rain, which is often followed with thunder. 24141-900301-1014 -Ps135.8 24142-900301-1015 -Ps135.9 24143-900301-1015 -Ps135.10 24144-900301-1016 -Ps135.11 24145-900301-1017 -Ps135.12 24146-900301-1017 -Ps135.13 generations 24147-900301-1018 -Ps135.14 24148-900301-1019 -Ps135.15 24149-900301-1019 -Ps135.16 24150-900301-1019 -Ps135.17 24151-900301-1020 -Ps135.18 24152-900301-1020 -Ps135.19 24153-900301-1021 -Ps135.20 24154-900301-1021 -Ps135.21 24155-900301-1023 -Ps136.1 01 An exhortation to give thanks to God for particular mercies. with the addition of the burden, for his mercy endureth for ever, at the end of each verse; and it was doubtless composed on the same occasion. It seems evidently to have been a responsive song; the first part of the verse being probably sung by the Levites, and the burden by the people. 24156-900301-1024 -Ps136.2 24157-900301-1024 -Ps136.3 24158-900301-1024 -Ps136.4 24159-900301-1026 -Ps136.5 gravities, relations, connections, influences on each other, revolutions, etc.; and in the wonderful adaptation of the atmosphere for the purposes of refracting the light, forming rain, dew, snow, etc., are exhibited the most astonishing displays of the Divine wisdom. 24160-900301-1027 -Ps136.6 24161-900301-1027 -Ps136.7 24162-900301-1028 -Ps136.8 24163-900301-1032 -Ps136.9 of light; the moon of the night, the state of darkness. The rays of the sun falling on the atmosphere, are refracted and diffused over the whole of the hemisphere of the earth immediately under his orb; while those rays of that vast luminary which, because of the earth's smallness in comparison with the sun, are diffused on all sides beyond the earth, falling on the opaque disc of the moon, are reflected back on the lower hemisphere, or the part of the earth opposite the sun. But the reflected light being 50,000 times less in intensity than that of the sun, there is a sufficient distinction between day and night, though each is ruled and determined by one of these two great lights. 24164-900301-1032 -Ps136.10 24165-900301-1033 -Ps136.11 24166-900301-1033 -Ps136.12 24167-900301-1034 -Ps136.13 24168-900301-1034 -Ps136.14 24169-900301-1035 -Ps136.15 24170-900301-1036 -Ps136.16 24171-900301-1036 -Ps136.17 24172-900301-1036 -Ps136.18 24173-900301-1037 -Ps136.19 24174-900301-1037 -Ps136.20 24175-900301-1038 -Ps136.21 24176-900301-1039 -Ps136.22 24177-900301-1040 -Ps136.23 24178-900301-1040 -Ps136.24 24179-900301-1041 -Ps136.25 24180-900301-1041 -Ps136.26 24181-900301-1044 -Ps137.1 01 The constancy of the Jews in captivity 07 The prophet curses Edom and Babel affecting elegy is unknown, but the occasion is evident; and it was most probably composed during or near the close of the captivity. 24182-900301-1045 -Ps137.2 of the Euphrates, that Isaiah calls it the brook or river of willows. 24183-900301-1046 -Ps137.3 24184-900301-1047 -Ps137.4 24185-900301-1047 -Ps137.5 24186-900301-1048 -Ps137.6 24187-900301-1050 -Ps137.7 24188-900301-1051 -Ps137.8 thou didst unto us 24189-900301-1052 -Ps137.9 24190-900301-1055 -Ps138.1 01 David praises God for the truth of his word 04 He prophesies that the kings of the earth shall praise God 07 He professes his confidence in God ledawid; and the Lxx, and Arabic prefix also the names of Haggai and Zechariah; and it is probable that it was composed to be sung at the dedication of the second temple. 24191-900301-1056 -Ps138.2 24192-900301-1057 -Ps138.3 24193-900301-1057 -Ps138.4 24194-900301-1059 -Ps138.5 24195-900301-1100 -Ps138.6 24196-900301-1102 -Ps138.7 24197-900301-1103 -Ps138.8 24198-900301-1107 -Ps139.1 01 David praises God for his all-seeing providence 17 And for this infinite mercies 19 He defies the wicked 23 He prays for sincerity been composed by David when made king of Israel; though some think it was written by him when accused of traitorous designs against Saul. It is a most sublime ode on the wisdom, knowledge, presence, and justice of God; the sentiments are grand, the style highly elevated, and the images various, beautiful, and impressive. 24199-900301-1108 -Ps139.2 24200-900301-1109 -Ps139.3 24201-900301-1110 -Ps139.4 24202-900301-1111 -Ps139.5 24203-900301-1111 -Ps139.6 24204-900301-1111 -Ps139.7 24205-900301-1113 -Ps139.8 24206-900301-1117 -Ps139.9 travel at the astonishing rate of 194,188 miles in one second of time; and comes from the sun to the earth, a distance of 95,513,794 miles in 8 minutes and nearly 12 seconds! But, could I even fly upon the wings or rays of the morning light, which diffuses itself with such velocity over the globe from east to west, instead of being beyond Thy reach, or by this sudden transition be able to escape thy notice. Thy arm could still at pleasure prevent or arrest my progress, and I should still be encircled with the immenity of Thy essence. The sentiment in this noble passage is remarkably striking and the description truly sublime. 24207-900301-1117 -Ps139.10 24208-900301-1118 -Ps139.11 24209-900301-1119 -Ps139.12 24210-900301-1120 -Ps139.13 24211-900301-1121 -Ps139.14 24212-900301-1122 -Ps139.15 24213-900301-1123 -Ps139.16 be fashioned 24214-900301-1123 -Ps139.17 24215-900301-1124 -Ps139.18 24216-900301-1125 -Ps139.19 24217-900301-1126 -Ps139.20 24218-900301-1126 -Ps139.21 24219-900301-1127 -Ps139.22 24220-900301-1127 -Ps139.23 24221-900301-1128 -Ps139.24 24222-900301-1129 -Ps140.1 01 David prays to be delivered from Saul and Doeg 08 He prays against them 12 He comforts himself by confidence in God 24223-900301-1130 -Ps140.2 24224-900301-1135 -Ps140.3 24225-900301-1136 -Ps140.4 24226-900301-1137 -Ps140.5 24227-900301-1138 -Ps140.6 24228-900301-1139 -Ps140.7 24229-900301-1139 -Ps140.8 24230-900301-1140 -Ps140.9 24231-900301-1141 -Ps140.10 24232-900301-1143 -Ps140.11 violence be established in the earth; let him be hunted to his overthrow. 24233-900301-1144 -Ps140.12 24234-900301-1145 -Ps140.13 24235-900301-1146 -Ps141.1 01 David prays that his suit may be acceptable 03 His conscience sinccere 07 And his life free from snares 24236-900301-1148 -Ps141.2 from the sanctuary, here prays that the devotion of his heart, and the elevation of his hands, might be accepted; that the one might ascend to heaven fragrant and well pleasing as the cloud of incense, and the other in conjunction with it, be prevalent as the minchah, or evening oblation. 24237-900301-1149 -Ps141.3 24238-900301-1150 -Ps141.4 24239-900301-1152 -Ps141.5 precious oil break my head, etc. 24240-900301-1153 -Ps141.6 24241-900301-1154 -Ps141.7 24242-900301-1155 -Ps141.8 24243-900301-1155 -Ps141.9 24244-900301-1156 -Ps141.10 24245-900301-1200 -Ps142.1 01 David shews that in his trouble all his comfort was in prayer unto God giving instruction. occasion, in the cave of Adullam, when he fled from Achish king of Gath; and on another, in the cave of Engedi, where he had taken refuge from the pursuit of Saul. It is not certain to which of these events this Psalm refers; though probably to the former. 24246-900301-1201 -Ps142.2 24247-900301-1202 -Ps142.3 24248-900301-1204 -Ps142.4 was after my soul 24249-900301-1205 -Ps142.5 24250-900301-1206 -Ps142.6 24251-900301-1207 -Ps142.7 24252-900301-1311 -Ps143.1 01 David prays for favour in judgment 03 He complains of his griefs 05 He strengthens his faith by meditation and prayer 07 He prays for grace 09 For delivereance 10 For sanctification 12 For destruction of his enemies this Psalm was composed by David on the rebellion of his son Absalom; and there are several passages in it which agree remarkably well with that period; for then he had most reason to fear lest God should deal with him according to his sins; which he deprecates with such a deep sense of his unworthiness, that it has hence been numbered among the penitential Psalms, of which it is the last. In it he prays to God for pardon, ver. 1; acknowledges the impossibility of being saved but by grace, ver. 2; deplores the lamentable effects of sin, ver. 3,4; comforts himself with a retrospect of God's mercies of old, ver. 5; and prays, in a variety of expressions, for remission of sin, sanctification, and redemption. ver. 6-12. 24253-900301-1312 -Ps143.2 24254-900301-1313 -Ps143.3 24255-900301-1315 -Ps143.4 24256-900301-1316 -Ps143.5 24257-900301-1316 -Ps143.6 24258-900301-1317 -Ps143.7 24259-900301-1319 -Ps143.8 24260-900301-1320 -Ps143.9 24261-900301-1321 -Ps143.10 24262-900301-1322 -Ps143.11 24263-900301-1323 -Ps143.12 24264-900301-1330 -Ps144.1 01 David blesses God for his mercy both to him and to man 05 He prays that God would powerfully deliver him from his enemies 09 He promises to praise God 11 He prays for the happy state of the kingdom composed by David after the death of Absalom; and from a collation of it with ps 18. in which the same ideas and forms of expression occur, there can be no doubt of both having proceeded from the same pen, and that David was the author. 24265-900301-1331 -Ps144.2 24266-900301-1332 -Ps144.3 24267-900301-1332 -Ps144.4 24268-900301-1333 -Ps144.5 24269-900301-1334 -Ps144.6 24270-900301-1335 -Ps144.7 24271-900301-1335 -Ps144.8 24272-900301-1336 -Ps144.9 24273-900301-1337 -Ps144.10 24274-900301-1337 -Ps144.11 24275-900301-1339 -Ps144.12 24276-900301-1340 -Ps144.13 24277-900301-1341 -Ps144.14 flesh. 24278-900301-1342 -Ps144.15 24279-900301-1345 -Ps145.1 01 David praises God for his fame 08 For his goodness 11 For his kingdom 14 For his providence 17 For his justice, holiness, and savings mercy which is the last of the acrostic or alphabetical Psalms, each verse beginning with a consecutive letter of the Hebrew alphabet, is supposed to have been composed by David towards the close of his life. Psalm of praise. 24280-900301-1348 -Ps145.2 24281-900301-1349 -Ps145.3 there is no search 24282-900301-1350 -Ps145.4 24283-900301-1351 -Ps145.5 24284-900301-1352 -Ps145.6 declare it 24285-900301-1353 -Ps145.7 24286-900301-1354 -Ps145.8 24287-900301-1354 -Ps145.9 24288-900301-1356 -Ps145.10 24289-900301-1358 -Ps145.11 24290-900301-1358 -Ps145.12 24291-900301-1359 -Ps145.13 24292-900301-1400 -Ps145.14 24293-900301-1401 -Ps145.15 24294-900301-1402 -Ps145.16 24295-900301-1403 -Ps145.17 24296-900301-1404 -Ps145.18 24297-900301-1405 -Ps145.19 24298-900301-1405 -Ps145.20 24299-900301-1406 -Ps145.21 24300-900301-1408 -Ps146.1 01 The Psalmist vows perpetual praises to God 03 He exhorts not to trust in man 05 God, for his power, justice, mercy, and kingdom, is only worthy to be trusted 24301-900301-1408 -Ps146.2 24302-900301-1409 -Ps146.3 24303-900301-1410 -Ps146.4 24304-900301-1411 -Ps146.5 24305-900301-1412 -Ps146.6 24306-900301-1413 -Ps146.7 24307-900301-1414 -Ps146.8 24308-900301-1415 -Ps146.9 24309-900301-1416 -Ps146.10 24310-900301-1417 -Ps147.1 01 The prophet exhorts to praise God for his care of the church 04 His power and wisdom 06 His mercy 07 His providence 12 To praise him for his blessings upon the kingdom 15 For his power over the elements 19 And for his ordinances in the church 24311-900301-1419 -Ps147.2 24312-900301-1420 -Ps147.3 24313-900301-1421 -Ps147.4 24314-900301-1422 -Ps147.5 is no number 24315-900301-1423 -Ps147.6 24316-900301-1423 -Ps147.7 24317-900301-1424 -Ps147.8 24318-900301-1425 -Ps147.9 24319-900301-1426 -Ps147.10 24320-900301-1427 -Ps147.11 24321-900301-1427 -Ps147.12 24322-900301-1428 -Ps147.13 24323-900301-1430 -Ps147.14 24324-900301-1430 -Ps147.15 24325-900301-1431 -Ps147.16 24326-900301-1432 -Ps147.17 24327-900301-1432 -Ps147.18 24328-900301-1433 -Ps147.19 24329-900301-1434 -Ps147.20 24330-900301-1435 -Ps148.1 01 The psalmist exhorts the celestial 07 The terrestrial 11 And the rational creatures to praise God 24331-900301-1435 -Ps148.2 24332-900301-1436 -Ps148.3 24333-900301-1437 -Ps148.4 24334-900301-1437 -Ps148.5 24335-900301-1438 -Ps148.6 24336-900301-1438 -Ps148.7 24337-900301-1440 -Ps148.8 24338-900301-1440 -Ps148.9 24339-900301-1441 -Ps148.10 24340-900301-1443 -Ps148.11 24341-900301-1443 -Ps148.12 24342-900301-1444 -Ps148.13 24343-900301-1445 -Ps148.14 24344-900301-1447 -Ps149.1 01 The prophet exhorts to praise God for his love to the church 05 And for that power which he has given to the church 24345-900301-1448 -Ps149.2 24346-900301-1449 -Ps149.3 24347-900301-1450 -Ps149.4 24348-900301-1451 -Ps149.5 24349-900301-1451 -Ps149.6 24350-900301-1452 -Ps149.7 24351-900301-1452 -Ps149.8 24352-900301-1453 -Ps149.9 24353-900301-1454 -Ps150.1 01 An exhortation to praise God 03 With all kinds of instruments 24354-900301-1455 -Ps150.2 24355-900301-1456 -Ps150.3 24356-900301-1457 -Ps150.4 24357-900301-1457 -Ps150.5 24358-900301-1458 -Ps150.6 24359-900130-2213 -Pr1.1 believe his word, 7-9; to avoid the enticings of sinners, 10-19. Wisdom complains of her contempt, 20-23; She threatens her contemners, 24-33. 24360-900113-2241 -Pr1.2 24361-900113-2243 -Pr1.3 24362-900113-2249 -Pr1.4 24363-900113-2254 -Pr1.5 24364-900113-2257 -Pr1.6 24365-900113-2302 -Pr1.7 24366-900114-1731 -Pr1.8 24367-900114-1738 -Pr1.9 24368-900114-1745 -Pr1.10 24369-900114-1749 -Pr1.11 24370-900114-1752 -Pr1.12 24371-900114-1756 -Pr1.13 24372-900114-1759 -Pr1.14 24373-900114-1801 -Pr1.15 24374-900114-1803 -Pr1.16 24375-900114-1813 -Pr1.17 24376-900114-1815 -Pr1.18 24377-900114-1819 -Pr1.19 24378-900114-1820 -Pr1.20 24379-900114-1822 -Pr1.21 24380-900114-1826 -Pr1.22 24381-900114-1830 -Pr1.23 24382-900114-1832 -Pr1.24 24383-900114-1834 -Pr1.25 24384-900114-1834 -Pr1.26 24385-900114-1836 -Pr1.27 24386-900114-1838 -Pr1.28 24387-900114-1840 -Pr1.29 24388-900114-1847 -Pr1.30 24389-900114-1848 -Pr1.31 24390-900315-1845 -Pr1.32 24391-900114-1852 -Pr1.33 24392-900114-2244 -Pr2.1 24393-900114-2252 -Pr2.2 24394-900114-2254 -Pr2.3 24395-900114-2257 -Pr2.4 24396-900114-2300 -Pr2.5 24397-900114-2304 -Pr2.6 24398-900114-2307 -Pr2.7 24399-900114-2312 -Pr2.8 24400-900114-2317 -Pr2.9 24401-900114-2319 -Pr2.10 18.1,2; 24.13,14; job 23.12; ps 19.10; 104.34; 24402-900114-2322 -Pr2.11 24403-900114-2328 -Pr2.12 24404-900114-2332 -Pr2.13 24405-900114-2335 -Pr2.14 24406-900114-2337 -Pr2.15 24407-900114-2340 -Pr2.16 24408-900114-2345 -Pr2.17 24409-900114-2347 -Pr2.18 24410-900114-2350 -Pr2.19 24411-900114-2354 -Pr2.20 24412-900114-2355 -Pr2.21 24413-900114-2358 -Pr2.22 24414-900115-0005 -Pr3.1 Exhortation to benificence 27-32; the different state of the wicked and upright,33-45; 24415-900115-0008 -Pr3.2 24416-900115-0014 -Pr3.3 24417-900115-0018 -Pr3.4 24418-900115-0023 -Pr3.5 24419-900115-0026 -Pr3.6 24420-900115-0029 -Pr3.7 24421-900115-0032 -Pr3.8 24422-900115-0035 -Pr3.9 24423-900115-0042 -Pr3.10 24424-900115-0045 -Pr3.11 24425-900115-0045 -Pr3.12 24426-900115-0047 -Pr3.13 24427-900115-0050 -Pr3.14 24428-900115-0051 -Pr3.15 24429-900115-0054 -Pr3.16 24430-900315-1644 -Pr3.17 24431-900315-1645 -Pr3.18 24432-900315-1650 -Pr3.19 24433-900115-2210 -Pr3.20 24434-900115-2212 -Pr3.21 24435-900115-2213 -Pr3.22 24436-900115-2215 -Pr3.23 24437-900115-2217 -Pr3.24 24438-900115-2220 -Pr3.25 24439-900115-2221 -Pr3.26 24440-900115-2222 -Pr3.27 24441-900115-2224 -Pr3.28 24442-900115-2226 -Pr3.29 24443-900115-2227 -Pr3.30 24444-900115-2230 -Pr3.31 24445-900115-2231 -Pr3.32 24446-900115-2235 -Pr3.33 24447-900115-2236 -Pr3.34 24448-900115-2237 -Pr3.35 24449-900201-2043 -Pr4.1 24450-900201-2047 -Pr4.2 24451-900201-2052 -Pr4.3 24452-900201-2211 -Pr4.4 24453-900201-2059 -Pr4.5 24454-900201-2104 -Pr4.6 24455-900201-2108 -Pr4.7 24456-900201-2109 -Pr4.8 24457-900201-2112 -Pr4.9 24458-900201-2114 -Pr4.10 24459-900201-2116 -Pr4.11 24460-900201-2137 -Pr4.12 24461-900201-2141 -Pr4.13 24462-900201-2142 -Pr4.14 24463-900201-2144 -Pr4.15 24464-900201-2145 -Pr4.16 24465-900201-2147 -Pr4.17 24466-900201-2150 -Pr4.18 24467-900201-2153 -Pr4.19 24468-900201-2154 -Pr4.20 24469-900201-2155 -Pr4.21 24470-900201-2156 -Pr4.22 24471-900201-2202 -Pr4.23 24472-900201-2219 -Pr4.24 24473-900201-2205 -Pr4.25 24474-900201-2220 -Pr4.26 24475-900201-2208 -Pr4.27 24476-900204-2222 -Pr5.1 24477-900204-2224 -Pr5.2 24478-900204-2324 -Pr5.3 24479-900204-2236 -Pr5.4 24480-900204-2237 -Pr5.5 24481-900204-2325 -Pr5.6 24482-900204-2326 -Pr5.7 24483-900204-2240 -Pr5.8 24484-900204-2327 -Pr5.9 24485-900204-2242 -Pr5.10 24486-900204-2245 -Pr5.11 24487-900204-2331 -Pr5.12 24488-900204-2250 -Pr5.13 24489-900204-2251 -Pr5.14 24490-900204-2252 -Pr5.15 24491-900204-2333 -Pr5.16 24492-900204-2258 -Pr5.17 24493-900204-2259 -Pr5.18 24494-900204-2301 -Pr5.19 24495-900204-2302 -Pr5.20 24496-900204-2304 -Pr5.21 24497-900204-2307 -Pr5.22 24498-900204-2308 -Pr5.23 24499-900205-2310 -Pr6.1 24500-900210-1850 -Pr6.2 24501-900210-1851 -Pr6.3 24502-900210-1853 -Pr6.4 24503-900205-2315 -Pr6.5 24504-900210-1856 -Pr6.6 proper seasons, they bite off the end of the grain to prevent it from germinating and lay it up in cells till needed. 24505-900205-2309 -Pr6.7 24506-900210-2238 -Pr6.8 24507-900210-2243 -Pr6.9 24508-900210-2244 -Pr6.10 24509-900210-2303 -Pr6.11 24510-900210-2304 -Pr6.12 24511-900210-2305 -Pr6.13 24512-900210-2309 -Pr6.14 24513-900210-2310 -Pr6.15 24514-900210-2315 -Pr6.16 24515-900210-2320 -Pr6.17 24516-900210-2324 -Pr6.18 24517-900210-2343 -Pr6.19 24518-900211-2144 -Pr6.20 24519-900211-2145 -Pr6.21 24520-900211-2147 -Pr6.22 24521-900211-2149 -Pr6.23 24522-900211-2151 -Pr6.24 24523-900211-2153 -Pr6.25 24524-900211-2155 -Pr6.26 24525-900211-2156 -Pr6.27 24527-900211-2330 -Pr6.29 24529-900211-2203 -Pr6.31 24530-900211-2222 -Pr6.32 24531-900211-2224 -Pr6.33 24532-900211-2225 -Pr6.34 24533-900211-2225 -Pr6.35 24534-900211-2230 -Pr7.1 wisdom, 1-5; In an example of his own experience he shews, 6-9, the cunning of a harlot, 10-21; and the desperate simplicity of a young wonton, 22,23; He dehorteth from such wickedness, 24-27; 24535-900211-2237 -Pr7.2 coat, or iris, through which the rays of light pass, and falling upon the retina, there depict every object in its natural colour, as upon a piece of white paper. Now the pupil of the eye is essentially necessary to sight, and easily injured, it is not only, in common with other parts, deeply entrenched in the skull, ramparted with the forehead and cheek bones, defended by the eyebrows, eyelids and eyelashes and placed so as to be bestprotected by the hands, but, by a wonderful mechanism, is contracted or dilated by the muscular power of the iris, without which an excess of light would cause instant blindness. 24536-900211-2238 -Pr7.3 24537-900211-2239 -Pr7.4 24538-900211-2240 -Pr7.5 24539-900211-2242 -Pr7.6 24541-900211-2245 -Pr7.8 24542-900211-2246 -Pr7.9 24543-900211-2248 -Pr7.10 24544-900211-2249 -Pr7.11 24545-900211-2251 -Pr7.12 24546-900211-2253 -Pr7.13 said; 24547-900211-2255 -Pr7.14 24549-900211-2256 -Pr7.16 24550-900211-2257 -Pr7.17 24552-900211-2258 -Pr7.19 24553-900211-2259 -Pr7.20 24554-900211-2302 -Pr7.21 24555-900211-2313 -Pr7.22 'as a dog to the chain, and as a deer, till a dart strike through his liver" and Dr. Hunt 'Or as a hart boundeth into the toils, till a dart strike through his liver' The LXX Chaldee, Syriac and Arabic, concur in this interpretation. The circumstance of the dart, as applied to the deer, is beautiful and proper, which otherwise we are at a loss to dispose of; and this creture, of all others, was the most proper to be noticed on this occasion; for the usual representation which the Egyptians made of a man overthrown by flattery and fair speeches was the picture of a heart captivated and ensnared by the sound of music 24556-900211-2314 -Pr7.23 24557-900211-2316 -Pr7.24 24558-900211-2317 -Pr7.25 24559-900211-2318 -Pr7.26 24560-900211-2335 -Pr7.27 24561-900211-2323 -Pr8.1 10-11; the nature,12-14, the power, 15-17; the riches, 18-21; and the eternity of wisdom, 22-31. Wisdom is to be desired for the blessedness it brings,32-36. 24562-900211-2323 -Pr8.2 24563-900211-2324 -Pr8.3 24564-900211-2326 -Pr8.4 24565-900212-2219 -Pr8.5 24566-900212-2222 -Pr8.6 24567-900212-2224 -Pr8.7 24568-900212-2225 -Pr8.8 24569-900212-2228 -Pr8.9 24570-900212-2229 -Pr8.10 24571-900212-2231 -Pr8.11 24572-900212-2234 -Pr8.12 24573-900212-2237 -Pr8.13 24574-900212-2240 -Pr8.14 24575-900212-2246 -Pr8.15 24576-900212-2248 -Pr8.16 24578-900212-2252 -Pr8.18 24579-900212-2252 -Pr8.19 24580-900212-2254 -Pr8.20 24581-900212-2257 -Pr8.21 24582-900212-2258 -Pr8.22 24583-900212-2259 -Pr8.23 24584-900212-2300 -Pr8.24 24585-900213-2242 -Pr8.25 24586-900212-2302 -Pr8.26 24587-900212-2303 -Pr8.27 24588-900212-2303 -Pr8.28 24589-900212-2305 -Pr8.29 24590-900212-2307 -Pr8.30 24591-900212-2307 -Pr8.31 24592-900212-2308 -Pr8.32 24593-900212-2310 -Pr8.33 24594-900212-2312 -Pr8.34 24595-900212-2313 -Pr8.35 24596-900212-2315 -Pr8.36 24597-900212-2319 -Pr9.1 custom, 13-15; and error of folly, 16-18; framed the universe as to exhibit a scene of grandeur and stability, and made ample provision for the inumerable beings by whichh it is inhabited. builded 24598-900212-2320 -Pr9.2 24599-900212-2322 -Pr9.3 24600-900212-2327 -Pr9.4 24601-900212-2329 -Pr9.5 24602-900212-2330 -Pr9.6 24603-900212-2332 -Pr9.7 24604-900212-2334 -Pr9.8 24605-900212-2335 -Pr9.9 24606-900212-2336 -Pr9.10 24607-900212-2337 -Pr9.11 24608-900212-2338 -Pr9.12 24609-900213-2245 -Pr9.13 24610-900212-2340 -Pr9.14 24611-900212-2340 -Pr9.15 7.13-15;,25-27; 23.27,28; 24612-900212-2341 -Pr9.16 24613-900212-2342 -Pr9.17 24614-900212-2343 -Pr9.18 24615-900212-2345 -Pr10.1 of moral virtues, and their contrary vices. 24616-900212-2347 -Pr10.2 24617-900213-2123 -Pr10.3 24618-900213-2126 -Pr10.4 24619-900213-2127 -Pr10.5 24620-900213-2128 -Pr10.6 24621-900213-2132 -Pr10.7 24622-900213-2251 -Pr10.8 24623-900213-2252 -Pr10.9 17.20; lu 12.1,2; 1co 4.5; 24624-900213-2139 -Pr10.10 24625-900213-2141 -Pr10.11 24626-900213-2142 -Pr10.12 24627-900213-2144 -Pr10.13 24628-900213-2146 -Pr10.14 24629-900213-2147 -Pr10.15 24630-900213-2149 -Pr10.16 24631-900213-2151 -Pr10.17 24632-900213-2154 -Pr10.18 24633-900213-2155 -Pr10.19 24634-900213-2157 -Pr10.20 24635-900213-2159 -Pr10.21 24636-900213-2203 -Pr10.22 24637-900213-2204 -Pr10.23 24638-900213-2254 -Pr10.24 24639-900213-2208 -Pr10.25 24640-900213-2213 -Pr10.26 and pain to the teeth, and by softening and dissolving alkali of the bone, impairs their texture, and renders them incapable of mastication; and as smoke, by irritating the tender vessels, causes the eyes to smart, and prevents distinct vision; so a sluggish messenger is a continual vexation and loss to those by whom he is employed. 24641-900213-2215 -Pr10.27 24642-900213-2217 -Pr10.28 24643-900213-2219 -Pr10.29 24644-900213-2225 -Pr10.30 24645-900213-2226 -Pr10.31 24646-900213-2228 -Pr10.32 24647-900214-2210 -Pr11.1 24648-900214-2211 -Pr11.2 24649-900214-2213 -Pr11.3 24650-900214-2216 -Pr11.4 24651-900214-2217 -Pr11.5 24652-900214-2219 -Pr11.6 24653-900214-2220 -Pr11.7 24654-900214-2222 -Pr11.8 24655-900214-2226 -Pr11.9 24656-900214-2317 -Pr11.10 24657-900214-2317 -Pr11.11 24658-900214-2233 -Pr11.12 24659-900214-2235 -Pr11.13 24660-900214-2236 -Pr11.14 24661-900214-2238 -Pr11.15 24662-900214-2240 -Pr11.16 24663-900214-2243 -Pr11.17 24664-900214-2245 -Pr11.18 24665-900214-2248 -Pr11.19 24666-900214-2249 -Pr11.20 24667-900214-2251 -Pr11.21 24668-900214-2254 -Pr11.22 24669-900214-2257 -Pr11.23 24670-900214-2259 -Pr11.24 24671-900214-2300 -Pr11.25 25.34,35; 24672-900214-2301 -Pr11.26 24673-900214-2303 -Pr11.27 24674-900214-2310 -Pr11.28 24675-900214-2311 -Pr11.29 24676-900214-2312 -Pr11.30 24677-900214-2314 -Pr11.31 24678-900215-2010 -Pr12.1 24679-900215-2012 -Pr12.2 24680-900215-2013 -Pr12.3 24681-900215-2231 -Pr12.4 24682-900215-2234 -Pr12.5 24683-900215-2020 -Pr12.6 24684-900215-2022 -Pr12.7 27.18-23; ps 37.10,35-37; 73.18,19; 24685-900215-2025 -Pr12.8 24686-900215-2029 -Pr12.9 despised, and is his own servant, is better than he that boasteth himself and wanteth bread;' with which the versions generally agree. That is, it is better to be in lowness and obscurity, and to support oneself by manual labour, than to want the necessaries of life, through a foolish vanity, or with the pride of birth, which refuses to labour. 24687-900215-2031 -Pr12.10 24688-900215-2236 -Pr12.11 24689-900215-2050 -Pr12.12 24690-900215-2238 -Pr12.13 the wicked is in the transgression of the lips; 24691-900215-2056 -Pr12.14 24692-900215-2058 -Pr12.15 24693-900215-2059 -Pr12.16 24694-900215-2104 -Pr12.17 24695-900215-2107 -Pr12.18 24696-900215-2110 -Pr12.19 24697-900215-2113 -Pr12.20 24698-900215-2121 -Pr12.21 24699-900215-2123 -Pr12.22 24700-900215-2124 -Pr12.23 24701-900215-2126 -Pr12.24 24702-900215-2128 -Pr12.25 24703-900215-2241 -Pr12.26 24704-900215-2132 -Pr12.27 24705-900215-2133 -Pr12.28 24706-900215-2134 -Pr13.1 24707-900215-2136 -Pr13.2 24708-900215-2137 -Pr13.3 24709-900215-2141 -Pr13.4 24710-900215-2144 -Pr13.5 24711-900215-2146 -Pr13.6 24712-900215-2148 -Pr13.7 24713-900215-2150 -Pr13.8 24714-900215-2151 -Pr13.9 24715-900215-2243 -Pr13.10 24716-900215-2157 -Pr13.11 13.22,23; 20.21; 27.23-27; ps 128.2; 24717-900215-2200 -Pr13.12 24718-900215-2203 -Pr13.13 24719-900215-2204 -Pr13.14 24720-900215-2206 -Pr13.15 24721-900215-2208 -Pr13.16 24722-900215-2211 -Pr13.17 24723-900215-2214 -Pr13.18 24724-900215-2216 -Pr13.19 24725-900215-2220 -Pr13.20 24726-900215-2222 -Pr13.21 is 3.10,11; ro 2.7-10; 24727-900215-2223 -Pr13.22 24728-900215-2225 -Pr13.23 24729-900215-2226 -Pr13.24 24730-900215-2228 -Pr13.25 24731-900215-2229 -Pr14.1 24732-900315-1651 -Pr14.2 24733-900226-2118 -Pr14.3 24734-900226-2119 -Pr14.4 24735-900226-2121 -Pr14.5 24736-900226-2125 -Pr14.6 24737-900226-2127 -Pr14.7 24738-900226-2130 -Pr14.8 24739-900226-2132 -Pr14.9 24740-900226-2134 -Pr14.10 24741-900226-2137 -Pr14.11 24742-900226-2138 -Pr14.12 24743-900226-2139 -Pr14.13 24744-900226-2142 -Pr14.14 24745-900226-2144 -Pr14.15 24746-900226-2146 -Pr14.16 24747-900226-2148 -Pr14.17 24748-900226-2159 -Pr14.18 24749-900226-2158 -Pr14.19 24750-900226-2159 -Pr14.20 24751-900226-2204 -Pr14.21 24752-900226-2206 -Pr14.22 24753-900226-2207 -Pr14.23 24754-900226-2209 -Pr14.24 24755-900226-2210 -Pr14.25 24756-900226-2213 -Pr14.26 24757-900226-2214 -Pr14.27 24758-900226-2215 -Pr14.28 24759-900226-2218 -Pr14.29 24760-900226-2220 -Pr14.30 24761-900226-2222 -Pr14.31 24762-900226-2225 -Pr14.32 24763-900226-2226 -Pr14.33 24764-900226-2228 -Pr14.34 24765-900226-2230 -Pr14.35 24766-900228-2201 -Pr15.1 24767-900228-2203 -Pr15.2 is 50.4; 24768-900228-2204 -Pr15.3 24769-900228-2206 -Pr15.4 24770-900228-2214 -Pr15.5 24771-900228-2215 -Pr15.6 24772-900228-2219 -Pr15.7 24773-900228-2221 -Pr15.8 24774-900228-2223 -Pr15.9 24775-900228-2225 -Pr15.10 24776-900228-2226 -Pr15.11 24777-900228-2227 -Pr15.12 24778-900228-2229 -Pr15.13 24779-900228-2230 -Pr15.14 24780-900228-2232 -Pr15.15 24781-900228-2234 -Pr15.16 24782-900228-2235 -Pr15.17 24783-900228-2238 -Pr15.18 24784-900228-2240 -Pr15.19 24785-900228-2241 -Pr15.20 24786-900228-2243 -Pr15.21 24787-900228-2244 -Pr15.22 24788-900301-2205 -Pr15.23 24789-900228-2247 -Pr15.24 24790-900228-2249 -Pr15.25 24791-900228-2250 -Pr15.26 24792-900228-2253 -Pr15.27 24793-900228-2254 -Pr15.28 24794-900228-2257 -Pr15.29 24795-900228-2258 -Pr15.30 24796-900228-2300 -Pr15.31 24797-900228-2302 -Pr15.32 24798-900228-2303 -Pr15.33 24799-900301-2052 -Pr16.1 24800-900301-2055 -Pr16.2 24801-900301-2056 -Pr16.3 24802-900301-2057 -Pr16.4 24803-900301-2059 -Pr16.5 24804-900301-2101 -Pr16.6 24805-900301-2103 -Pr16.7 24806-900301-2105 -Pr16.8 24807-900301-2112 -Pr16.9 24808-900301-2116 -Pr16.10 24809-900301-2117 -Pr16.11 24810-900301-2119 -Pr16.12 24811-900301-2119 -Pr16.13 24812-900301-2121 -Pr16.14 24813-900301-2123 -Pr16.15 24814-900301-2124 -Pr16.16 24815-900301-2126 -Pr16.17 24816-900301-2132 -Pr16.18 24817-900301-2134 -Pr16.19 24818-900301-2137 -Pr16.20 24819-900301-2139 -Pr16.21 24820-900301-2140 -Pr16.22 24821-900301-2142 -Pr16.23 24822-900301-2145 -Pr16.24 24823-900301-2147 -Pr16.25 24824-900301-2149 -Pr16.26 24825-900301-2151 -Pr16.27 24826-900301-2153 -Pr16.28 24827-900301-2154 -Pr16.29 24828-900301-2155 -Pr16.30 24829-900301-2157 -Pr16.31 24830-900301-2159 -Pr16.32 24831-900301-2200 -Pr16.33 24832-900302-1829 -Pr17.1 24833-900302-1830 -Pr17.2 24834-900302-1831 -Pr17.3 24835-900302-1833 -Pr17.4 24836-900302-1834 -Pr17.5 24837-900302-1836 -Pr17.6 24838-900302-1837 -Pr17.7 24839-900305-2201 -Pr17.8 24840-900302-1840 -Pr17.9 24841-900305-2222 -Pr17.10 hundred times. 24842-900302-1843 -Pr17.11 24843-900302-1844 -Pr17.12 24844-900302-1847 -Pr17.13 24845-900305-2231 -Pr17.14 24846-900302-1853 -Pr17.15 24847-900302-1856 -Pr17.16 24848-900302-1857 -Pr17.17 24849-900302-1858 -Pr17.18 24850-900302-1903 -Pr17.19 24851-900302-1905 -Pr17.20 24852-900302-1906 -Pr17.21 24853-900302-1908 -Pr17.22 24854-900302-1911 -Pr17.23 24855-900302-1913 -Pr17.24 24856-900302-1914 -Pr17.25 24857-900305-2235 -Pr17.26 24858-900302-1916 -Pr17.27 24859-900302-1917 -Pr17.28 24860-900305-2243 -Pr18.1 through or He that separateth himself seeketh, according to his desire and intermeddleth in every business 24861-900302-1922 -Pr18.2 24862-900302-1923 -Pr18.3 24863-900302-1925 -Pr18.4 24864-900302-1927 -Pr18.5 24865-900302-1929 -Pr18.6 24866-900302-1931 -Pr18.7 24867-900302-1933 -Pr18.8 wounded. innermost parts or chambers. 24868-900304-2225 -Pr18.9 24869-900305-2253 -Pr18.10 24870-900304-2220 -Pr18.11 24871-900304-2218 -Pr18.12 24872-900315-1652 -Pr18.13 24873-900304-2232 -Pr18.14 24874-900304-2235 -Pr18.15 24875-900304-2237 -Pr18.16 24876-900304-2238 -Pr18.17 24877-900304-2240 -Pr18.18 24878-900304-2243 -Pr18.19 24879-900304-2245 -Pr18.20 24880-900304-2247 -Pr18.21 24881-900304-2248 -Pr18.22 24882-900304-2250 -Pr18.23 24883-900304-2252 -Pr18.24 24884-900305-2041 -Pr19.1 24885-900305-2043 -Pr19.2 24886-900305-2046 -Pr19.3 24887-900305-2048 -Pr19.4 24888-900305-2049 -Pr19.5 24889-900305-2300 -Pr19.6 24890-900305-2054 -Pr19.7 24891-900305-2300 -Pr19.8 24892-900305-2057 -Pr19.9 24893-900305-2102 -Pr19.10 24894-900305-2104 -Pr19.11 24895-900305-2105 -Pr19.12 24896-900305-2110 -Pr19.13 24897-900305-2114 -Pr19.14 24898-900305-2116 -Pr19.15 24899-900305-2120 -Pr19.16 24900-900305-2122 -Pr19.17 24901-900305-2124 -Pr19.18 24902-900305-2310 -Pr19.19 24903-900305-2127 -Pr19.20 24904-900315-1652 -Pr19.21 24905-900305-2311 -Pr19.22 24906-900305-2136 -Pr19.23 24907-900305-2137 -Pr19.24 24908-900305-2313 -Pr19.25 24909-900305-2143 -Pr19.26 24910-900305-2148 -Pr19.27 24911-900305-2155 -Pr19.28 24912-900305-2153 -Pr19.29 24913-900305-2336 -Pr20.1 24914-900305-2337 -Pr20.2 24915-900305-2339 -Pr20.3 24916-900305-2343 -Pr20.4 24917-900305-2344 -Pr20.5 24918-900305-2348 -Pr20.6 24919-900305-2351 -Pr20.7 24920-900305-2352 -Pr20.8 24921-900305-2353 -Pr20.9 24922-900306-0030 -Pr20.10 and an ephah 24923-900306-0034 -Pr20.11 24924-900306-0000 -Pr20.12 24925-900306-0002 -Pr20.13 24926-900306-0003 -Pr20.14 24927-900306-0005 -Pr20.15 24928-900306-0006 -Pr20.16 24930-900306-0008 -Pr20.18 24931-900306-0009 -Pr20.19 24932-900306-0010 -Pr20.20 24933-900306-0011 -Pr20.21 gotten 24934-900306-0014 -Pr20.22 24935-900306-0015 -Pr20.23 24936-900306-0018 -Pr20.24 24937-900306-0020 -Pr20.25 24938-900306-0021 -Pr20.26 24939-900306-0023 -Pr20.27 24940-900306-0025 -Pr20.28 24941-900306-0026 -Pr20.29 24942-900306-0027 -Pr20.30 24943-900306-2146 -Pr21.1 24944-900306-2148 -Pr21.2 24945-900306-2150 -Pr21.3 24946-900306-2152 -Pr21.4 24947-900306-2153 -Pr21.5 24948-900306-2156 -Pr21.6 24949-900306-2158 -Pr21.7 24950-900306-2201 -Pr21.8 24951-900306-2203 -Pr21.9 21.19; 12.4; 19.13; 25.24; 27.15,16; house of society 24952-900306-2206 -Pr21.10 24953-900306-2214 -Pr21.11 24955-900306-2220 -Pr21.13 24956-900306-2222 -Pr21.14 24957-900306-2224 -Pr21.15 24958-900306-2227 -Pr21.16 24959-900306-2228 -Pr21.17 24960-900306-2229 -Pr21.18 24961-900306-2230 -Pr21.19 24962-900306-2237 -Pr21.20 24963-900306-2238 -Pr21.21 24964-900306-2241 -Pr21.22 24965-900306-2241 -Pr21.23 24966-900306-2243 -Pr21.24 24967-900306-2246 -Pr21.25 24968-900306-2248 -Pr21.26 24969-900306-2250 -Pr21.27 24970-900306-2251 -Pr21.28 24971-900306-2253 -Pr21.29 24972-900306-2256 -Pr21.30 24973-900306-2257 -Pr21.31 24974-900306-2259 -Pr22.1 24975-900306-2301 -Pr22.2 24976-900306-2304 -Pr22.3 24977-900306-2306 -Pr22.4 24978-900306-2307 -Pr22.5 24979-900306-2309 -Pr22.6 24980-900306-2311 -Pr22.7 24981-900306-2313 -Pr22.8 24982-900306-2317 -Pr22.9 24983-900306-2318 -Pr22.10 24984-900306-2321 -Pr22.11 24985-900306-2324 -Pr22.12 24986-900306-2326 -Pr22.13 however improbable to indulge his love of ease and indolence 24987-900306-2328 -Pr22.14 animals are often taken alive. 24988-900306-2332 -Pr22.15 24989-900306-2334 -Pr22.16 24990-900306-2336 -Pr22.17 24991-900306-2339 -Pr22.18 24992-900306-2344 -Pr22.19 24993-900306-2343 -Pr22.20 24994-900306-2342 -Pr22.21 24995-900306-2346 -Pr22.22 already seen was held at the gates of cities in the east. 24996-900306-2348 -Pr22.23 24997-900306-2349 -Pr22.24 24998-900306-2350 -Pr22.25 24999-900306-2350 -Pr22.26 25000-900306-2351 -Pr22.27 25001-900306-2352 -Pr22.28 25002-900306-2354 -Pr22.29 kings; as the phrase denotes mean men. 25003-900306-2354 -Pr23.1 25004-900306-2355 -Pr23.2 25005-900306-2355 -Pr23.3 25006-900307-1835 -Pr23.4 25007-900307-1839 -Pr23.5 Tillotson, 'as if a rich man sat brooding over an estate till it was fledged, and gotten itself wings to fly away.' 25008-900307-1841 -Pr23.6 25009-900307-1842 -Pr23.7 25010-900307-1842 -Pr23.8 25011-900307-1845 -Pr23.9 25012-900307-1846 -Pr23.10 25013-900307-1847 -Pr23.11 25014-900307-1848 -Pr23.12 25015-900307-1849 -Pr23.13 25016-900307-1849 -Pr23.14 25017-900307-1852 -Pr23.15 25018-900307-1853 -Pr23.16 25019-900307-1855 -Pr23.17 25020-900307-1928 -Pr23.18 25021-900307-1858 -Pr23.19 25022-900307-1900 -Pr23.20 25023-900307-1903 -Pr23.21 25024-900307-1905 -Pr23.22 25025-900307-1929 -Pr23.23 25026-900307-1909 -Pr23.24 25027-900307-1910 -Pr23.25 25028-900307-1912 -Pr23.26 25029-900307-1913 -Pr23.27 25030-900307-1914 -Pr23.28 25031-900307-1916 -Pr23.29 25032-900307-1931 -Pr23.30 25033-900307-1932 -Pr23.31 25034-900307-1921 -Pr23.32 25035-900307-1922 -Pr23.33 25036-900307-1924 -Pr23.34 25037-900307-1925 -Pr23.35 25038-900307-2207 -Pr24.1 25039-900307-2209 -Pr24.2 25040-900307-2210 -Pr24.3 25041-900307-2212 -Pr24.4 25042-900307-2213 -Pr24.5 25043-900307-2214 -Pr24.6 25044-900307-2216 -Pr24.7 25045-900307-2217 -Pr24.8 25046-900307-2308 -Pr24.9 25047-900307-2220 -Pr24.10 25048-900307-2222 -Pr24.11 25049-900307-2225 -Pr24.12 25050-900307-2227 -Pr24.13 25051-900307-2228 -Pr24.14 25052-900307-2230 -Pr24.15 25053-900307-2232 -Pr24.16 25054-900307-2234 -Pr24.17 25055-900307-2235 -Pr24.18 25056-900307-2238 -Pr24.19 25057-900307-2239 -Pr24.20 25058-900307-2242 -Pr24.21 25059-900307-2243 -Pr24.22 25060-900307-2246 -Pr24.23 25061-900307-2250 -Pr24.24 25062-900307-2253 -Pr24.25 25063-900307-2310 -Pr24.26 25064-900307-2255 -Pr24.27 25065-900315-1653 -Pr24.28 25066-900307-2259 -Pr24.29 25067-900307-2300 -Pr24.30 25068-900307-2303 -Pr24.31 25069-900307-2304 -Pr24.32 25070-900307-2305 -Pr24.33 25071-900307-2306 -Pr24.34 25072-900308-2038 -Pr25.1 quarrels, and sundry causes thereof, 8-28; 25073-900308-2117 -Pr25.2 25074-900308-2041 -Pr25.3 25075-900308-2042 -Pr25.4 25076-900308-2043 -Pr25.5 25077-900308-2045 -Pr25.6 25078-900308-2047 -Pr25.7 and thou shalt live at ease in safety and in peace. 25079-900308-2049 -Pr25.8 25080-900308-2050 -Pr25.9 25081-900308-2050 -Pr25.10 25082-900308-2053 -Pr25.11 spoken with propriety, opportunely and suitably to the occasion, is as much in its place and as conspicuously beautiful as the golden fruit which appears through the apertures of an exquisitely wrought silver basket. 25083-900308-2055 -Pr25.12 25084-900308-2056 -Pr25.13 25085-900308-2058 -Pr25.14 25086-900308-2120 -Pr25.15 often accomplish the most difficult things 25087-900308-2101 -Pr25.16 25088-900308-2103 -Pr25.17 seldom in thy neighbour's 25089-900308-2104 -Pr25.18 25090-900308-2105 -Pr25.19 25091-900308-2106 -Pr25.20 25092-900308-2107 -Pr25.21 25093-900308-2108 -Pr25.22 taken from smelting ores 25094-900308-2110 -Pr25.23 angry countenance. 25095-900308-2111 -Pr25.24 25096-900308-2128 -Pr25.25 15.30; is 52.7; na 1.15 lu 2.10,11 ro 10.15 1ti 1.15 25097-900308-2128 -Pr25.26 25098-900308-2115 -Pr25.27 25099-900308-2116 -Pr25.28 25100-900308-2131 -Pr26.1 about contentious busy-bodies, 17-28; 1sa 12.17,18; 25101-900308-2133 -Pr26.2 25102-900308-2134 -Pr26.3 25103-900308-2151 -Pr26.4 25104-900308-2155 -Pr26.5 25105-900308-2156 -Pr26.6 25106-900308-2157 -Pr26.7 25107-900308-2200 -Pr26.8 heap of stones. this probably refers to the custom of throwing a stone to the heap under which a criminal was buried. 25108-900308-2200 -Pr26.9 25109-900308-2201 -Pr26.10 he hireth also the transgressors. 25110-900308-2202 -Pr26.11 25111-900308-2228 -Pr26.12 25112-900308-2204 -Pr26.13 25113-900308-2205 -Pr26.14 25114-900308-2206 -Pr26.15 25115-900308-2206 -Pr26.16 25116-900308-2207 -Pr26.17 25117-900308-2208 -Pr26.18 25118-900308-2208 -Pr26.19 25119-900308-2210 -Pr26.20 25120-900308-2211 -Pr26.21 25121-900308-2212 -Pr26.22 25122-900308-2215 -Pr26.23 however smooth shining and splendid they may appear, are like a vile vessel covered over with base metal 25123-900308-2215 -Pr26.24 25124-900308-2217 -Pr26.25 25125-900308-2218 -Pr26.26 secret 25126-900308-2223 -Pr26.27 25127-900308-2225 -Pr26.28 injury and in proportion to the innonence of the injured. 25128-900311-2307 -Pr27.1 avoid offenses, 11-22; and of the houselhold care, 23-27. 25129-900311-2226 -Pr27.2 25130-900311-2227 -Pr27.3 25131-900311-2230 -Pr27.4 overflowing 25132-900311-2231 -Pr27.5 25133-900311-2233 -Pr27.6 25134-900311-2235 -Pr27.7 25135-900311-2237 -Pr27.8 25136-900311-2240 -Pr27.9 25137-900311-2242 -Pr27.10 25138-900311-2244 -Pr27.11 25139-900311-2245 -Pr27.12 25140-900311-2246 -Pr27.13 25141-900311-2248 -Pr27.14 25142-900311-2248 -Pr27.15 25143-900311-2249 -Pr27.16 25144-900311-2251 -Pr27.17 25145-900311-2310 -Pr27.18 25146-900311-2255 -Pr27.19 25147-900311-2257 -Pr27.20 25148-900311-2258 -Pr27.21 25149-900311-2259 -Pr27.22 25150-900311-2311 -Pr27.23 25151-900311-2302 -Pr27.24 25152-900311-2303 -Pr27.25 25153-900311-2304 -Pr27.26 25154-900311-2304 -Pr27.27 25155-900312-2205 -Pr28.1 25156-900312-2208 -Pr28.2 25157-900313-0001 -Pr28.3 25158-900313-0002 -Pr28.4 25159-900312-2214 -Pr28.5 25160-900312-2215 -Pr28.6 25161-900312-2216 -Pr28.7 keepeth 25162-900312-2220 -Pr28.8 25163-900313-0003 -Pr28.9 25164-900312-2224 -Pr28.10 25165-900313-0004 -Pr28.11 25166-900312-2229 -Pr28.12 25167-900313-0006 -Pr28.13 25168-900312-2234 -Pr28.14 25169-900312-2237 -Pr28.15 25170-900313-0007 -Pr28.16 25171-900312-2240 -Pr28.17 25172-900312-2242 -Pr28.18 25173-900312-2243 -Pr28.19 25174-900312-2246 -Pr28.20 25175-900312-2257 -Pr28.21 from the circumstance of holding out a piece of bread to a dog in order to soothe him. 25176-900312-2259 -Pr28.22 25177-900312-2300 -Pr28.23 25178-900312-2301 -Pr28.24 25179-900312-2303 -Pr28.25 25180-900312-2304 -Pr28.26 25181-900312-2308 -Pr28.27 25182-900312-2309 -Pr28.28 the wicked 25183-900313-0010 -Pr29.1 Of anger, pride, theivery, cowardice and corruption,22-27 25184-900312-2317 -Pr29.2 25185-900312-2318 -Pr29.3 25186-900312-2320 -Pr29.4 25187-900312-2321 -Pr29.5 25188-900312-2323 -Pr29.6 25189-900312-2326 -Pr29.7 25190-900313-0013 -Pr29.8 25191-900312-2330 -Pr29.9 25192-900312-2333 -Pr29.10 25193-900312-2334 -Pr29.11 25194-900312-2335 -Pr29.12 25195-900312-2337 -Pr29.13 25196-900312-2340 -Pr29.14 25197-900312-2341 -Pr29.15 25198-900312-2343 -Pr29.16 25199-900312-2343 -Pr29.17 25200-900312-2345 -Pr29.18 25201-900312-2346 -Pr29.19 25202-900312-2347 -Pr29.20 25203-900312-2347 -Pr29.21 25204-900312-2348 -Pr29.22 25205-900312-2351 -Pr29.23 25206-900312-2356 -Pr29.24 25207-900313-0015 -Pr29.25 25208-900312-2359 -Pr29.26 25209-900313-0000 -Pr29.27 25210-900312-2145 -Pr30.1 prayer,7-9. The meanest are not to be wronged,10; Four wicked generations, 11-14. Four things insatiable,15,16. four things exceeding wise, 24-28. Four things statley,29-31. Wrath is to be prevented,32,33. pupils; and this was the massa, or oracle, which he delivered, not by his own wisdom, but by the Holy Spirit, for the benifit of man; and which, it is probable, was added by the 'men of Hezckiah' 25211-900312-1952 -Pr30.2 25212-900312-1953 -Pr30.3 25213-900312-1956 -Pr30.4 25214-900312-1957 -Pr30.5 25215-900312-1958 -Pr30.6 25216-900312-1959 -Pr30.7 25217-900312-2147 -Pr30.8 25218-900315-1654 -Pr30.9 25219-900312-2009 -Pr30.10 25220-900312-2011 -Pr30.11 25221-900312-2015 -Pr30.12 25222-900312-2016 -Pr30.13 25223-900312-2019 -Pr30.14 25224-900312-2021 -Pr30.15 25225-900312-2022 -Pr30.16 25226-900312-2149 -Pr30.17 25227-900312-2024 -Pr30.18 25228-900312-2025 -Pr30.19 25229-900312-2025 -Pr30.20 25230-900312-2026 -Pr30.21 25231-900312-2029 -Pr30.22 25232-900312-2027 -Pr30.23 25233-900312-2029 -Pr30.24 25234-900312-2031 -Pr30.25 towns, public roads and shew their wisdom and prudence by preparing their meat in due season 25235-900312-2031 -Pr30.26 25236-900312-2032 -Pr30.27 25237-900312-2033 -Pr30.28 25238-900312-2033 -Pr30.29 25239-900312-2034 -Pr30.30 25240-900312-2035 -Pr30.31 25241-900312-2036 -Pr30.32 25242-900312-2037 -Pr30.33 25243-900312-2039 -Pr31.1 are to be comforted and defended,6-9 The praise and properties of a good wife, 10-31 25244-900312-2152 -Pr31.2 25245-900312-2041 -Pr31.3 25246-900312-2042 -Pr31.4 25247-900312-2043 -Pr31.5 25248-900312-2044 -Pr31.6 25249-900312-2045 -Pr31.7 25250-900312-2047 -Pr31.8 25251-900312-2050 -Pr31.9 25252-900312-2052 -Pr31.10 verse beginning consecutively with a letter of the Hebrew alphabet; in which we are presented with an admirable picture of a good wife, according to the primitve manners of the East 25253-900312-2053 -Pr31.11 25254-900312-2054 -Pr31.12 25255-900312-2156 -Pr31.13 25256-900312-2056 -Pr31.14 25257-900312-2058 -Pr31.15 25258-900312-2059 -Pr31.16 25259-900312-2101 -Pr31.17 25260-900312-2102 -Pr31.18 25261-900312-2104 -Pr31.19 twists the thread; while she holds the distaff, on which the wool or flais rolled, in the guard of the left arm and draws down the thread with the fingers of the left hand 25262-900312-2106 -Pr31.20 25263-900312-2107 -Pr31.21 25264-900312-2108 -Pr31.22 25265-900312-2109 -Pr31.23 25266-900312-2110 -Pr31.24 25267-900312-2112 -Pr31.25 25268-900312-2115 -Pr31.26 25269-900312-2115 -Pr31.27 25270-900312-2117 -Pr31.28 25271-900312-2118 -Pr31.29 25272-900312-2142 -Pr31.30 25273-900312-2144 -Pr31.31 25274-900403-2213 -Ec1.1 the creatures are restless in their courses, 4-8 they bring forth nothing new, and all old things are forgotten, 9-11; and because he has found it so in the studies of wisdom,12-18 1.12 1ki 11.42,43 2ch 9.30 10.17-19 25275-900403-2216 -Ec1.2 25276-900403-2218 -Ec1.3 25277-900403-2221 -Ec1.4 25278-900403-2222 -Ec1.5 25279-900403-2226 -Ec1.6 and rendered, 'the sun also riseth, and the sun goeth down, and hasteth to his place where he arose; going toward the south, and turning about unto the north. The wind whirleth about continually,' It alludes, in the front part to the apparent daly motion of the sun from east to west, and his annual course through the signs of the zodiac 25280-900403-2227 -Ec1.7 25281-900403-2229 -Ec1.8 25282-900403-2230 -Ec1.9 25283-900403-2231 -Ec1.10 25284-900403-2232 -Ec1.11 25285-900403-2232 -Ec1.12 25286-900403-2234 -Ec1.13 25287-900403-2235 -Ec1.14 25288-900403-2236 -Ec1.15 25289-900403-2238 -Ec1.16 25290-900403-2239 -Ec1.17 25291-900403-2240 -Ec1.18 25292-900403-2244 -Ec2.1 Though the wise be better than the fool, yet both have one event,12-17. The vanity of human labour, in leaving it they know not to whom, 18-23. Nothing better than joy in our labour; but that is God's gift 24-26 25293-900403-2247 -Ec2.2 things of the world, but of an intemperate pleasure whose two attendants, laughter and mirth are introduced by a beautiful prosopopaeia, as in two persons, whom he treats with the utmost contempt. 25294-900403-2250 -Ec2.3 25295-900403-2334 -Ec2.4 25296-900403-2253 -Ec2.5 25297-900403-2254 -Ec2.6 25298-900403-2336 -Ec2.7 25299-900403-2259 -Ec2.8 25300-900403-2301 -Ec2.9 25301-900403-2337 -Ec2.10 25302-900403-2340 -Ec2.11 25303-900403-2306 -Ec2.12 25304-900403-2308 -Ec2.13 wisdom more than in folly 25305-900403-2309 -Ec2.14 25306-900403-2310 -Ec2.15 25307-900403-2311 -Ec2.16 25308-900403-2314 -Ec2.17 25309-900403-2315 -Ec2.18 25310-900403-2317 -Ec2.19 25311-900403-2319 -Ec2.20 25312-900403-2320 -Ec2.21 25313-900403-2322 -Ec2.22 25314-900403-2323 -Ec2.23 25315-900403-2325 -Ec2.24 25316-900403-2326 -Ec2.25 25317-900403-2328 -Ec2.26 25318-900404-2226 -Ec3.1 travail,1-10. There is an excellency in God's works,11-15. But as for man, God shall judge his works hereafter, though here he be like a beast,16-22 25319-900404-2229 -Ec3.2 25320-900404-2232 -Ec3.3 25321-900404-2234 -Ec3.4 25322-900404-2236 -Ec3.5 25323-900404-2239 -Ec3.6 25324-900404-2242 -Ec3.7 25325-900404-2246 -Ec3.8 25326-900404-2247 -Ec3.9 25327-900404-2248 -Ec3.10 25328-900804-0713 -Ec3.11 25329-900404-2253 -Ec3.12 25330-900404-2254 -Ec3.13 25331-900404-2256 -Ec3.14 25332-900404-2257 -Ec3.15 25333-900404-2259 -Ec3.16 25334-900404-2302 -Ec3.17 25335-900404-2304 -Ec3.18 25336-900404-2306 -Ec3.19 25337-900404-2308 -Ec3.20 25338-900404-2309 -Ec3.21 25339-900404-2311 -Ec3.22 25340-900404-2318 -Ec4.1 by idleness, 5,6 by covetuousness,7,8 by solitariness 9-12 by wilfulness,13-16 25341-900404-2319 -Ec4.2 25342-900404-2321 -Ec4.3 25343-900404-2324 -Ec4.4 man from his neighbour 25344-900404-2326 -Ec4.5 25345-900404-2327 -Ec4.6 25346-900404-2328 -Ec4.7 $.1 ps 78.33 zec 1.6 25347-900404-2331 -Ec4.8 25348-900404-2333 -Ec4.9 25349-900404-2335 -Ec4.10 25350-900404-2335 -Ec4.11 25351-900404-2336 -Ec4.12 25352-900404-2338 -Ec4.13 25353-900404-2340 -Ec4.14 25354-900404-2341 -Ec4.15 25355-900404-2343 -Ec4.16 25356-900405-2102 -Ec5.1 oppression,8; and in riches,9-17. Joy in irches is the gift of God. 25357-900405-2104 -Ec5.2 25358-900405-2105 -Ec5.3 25359-900405-2107 -Ec5.4 25360-900405-2107 -Ec5.5 25361-900405-2110 -Ec5.6 25362-900405-2111 -Ec5.7 5.3 mat 12.36 25363-900405-2210 -Ec5.8 3.1-4,9-12 6.10-13 zec 7.9-13 mal 3.5 ja 2.13 5.2-7 25364-900405-2119 -Ec5.9 je 40.10-12 25365-900405-2211 -Ec5.10 money increases. 25366-900405-2124 -Ec5.11 25367-900405-2124 -Ec5.12 25368-900405-2132 -Ec5.13 25369-900405-2134 -Ec5.14 25370-900405-2135 -Ec5.15 25371-900407-2334 -Ec5.16 25372-900405-2138 -Ec5.17 25373-900405-2143 -Ec5.18 25374-900405-2145 -Ec5.19 25375-900405-2213 -Ec5.20 25376-900405-2148 -Ec6.1 children and a long life,3-6 the vanity of sight and wandering desires,7-9 The conclusion of vanities,10-12 25377-900405-2214 -Ec6.2 25378-900405-2153 -Ec6.3 25379-900405-2153 -Ec6.4 25380-900405-2154 -Ec6.5 25381-900405-2155 -Ec6.6 though 25382-900405-2157 -Ec6.7 25383-900405-2158 -Ec6.8 25384-900405-2159 -Ec6.9 25385-900405-2201 -Ec6.10 25386-900405-2206 -Ec6.11 25387-900405-2205 -Ec6.12 25388-900407-1546 -Ec7.1 patience,7-10 wisdom,11-22 The difficulty of wisdom 23-29 25389-900407-1550 -Ec7.2 25390-900407-1555 -Ec7.3 25391-900407-1559 -Ec7.4 25392-900407-1601 -Ec7.5 25393-900407-1615 -Ec7.6 25394-900407-1616 -Ec7.7 25395-900407-1619 -Ec7.8 25396-900407-1622 -Ec7.9 25397-900407-1623 -Ec7.10 25398-900407-1624 -Ec7.11 25399-900407-1626 -Ec7.12 25400-900407-1628 -Ec7.13 25401-900407-1637 -Ec7.14 25402-900407-1640 -Ec7.15 25403-900407-1643 -Ec7.16 25404-900407-1645 -Ec7.17 12.23 25405-900407-1646 -Ec7.18 25406-900407-1647 -Ec7.19 25407-900407-1649 -Ec7.20 25408-900407-1650 -Ec7.21 25409-900407-1651 -Ec7.22 25410-900407-1652 -Ec7.23 25411-900407-1653 -Ec7.24 25412-900407-1656 -Ec7.25 25413-900407-1658 -Ec7.26 25414-900407-1659 -Ec7.27 25415-900407-1700 -Ec7.28 25416-900407-2150 -Ec7.29 25417-900407-2154 -Ec8.1 providence is to be observed,6-11 It is better with the godly in adversity, than with the wicked in prosperity,12-15 The work of God is unsearchable,16-17 25418-900407-2155 -Ec8.2 i counsel 25419-900407-2157 -Ec8.3 25420-900407-2158 -Ec8.4 25421-900407-2201 -Ec8.5 25422-900407-2205 -Ec8.6 25423-900407-2206 -Ec8.7 25424-900407-2208 -Ec8.8 25425-900407-2209 -Ec8.9 25426-900407-2211 -Ec8.10 25427-900407-2214 -Ec8.11 25428-900407-2336 -Ec8.12 25429-900407-2221 -Ec8.13 25430-900407-2222 -Ec8.14 25431-900407-2223 -Ec8.15 25432-900407-2226 -Ec8.16 25433-900407-2229 -Ec8.17 25434-900407-2240 -Ec9.1 death unto men,4-6 Comfort is all their portion in this life,7-10 God's providence rules over all,11,12 wisdom is better than strength,13-18 25435-900407-2244 -Ec9.2 25436-900407-2249 -Ec9.3 25437-900407-2250 -Ec9.4 25438-900407-2253 -Ec9.5 25439-900407-2254 -Ec9.6 25440-900407-2300 -Ec9.7 25441-900407-2338 -Ec9.8 25442-900407-2307 -Ec9.9 25443-900407-2315 -Ec9.10 25444-900407-2319 -Ec9.11 25445-900407-2321 -Ec9.12 25446-900407-2324 -Ec9.13 25447-900407-2324 -Ec9.14 25448-900407-2325 -Ec9.15 25449-900407-2329 -Ec9.16 25450-900407-2327 -Ec9.17 25451-900407-2330 -Ec9.18 25452-900408-2141 -Ec10.1 day of judgement in the days of youth, are to be thought on,9,10 25453-900408-2142 -Ec10.2 25454-900408-2143 -Ec10.3 25455-900408-2144 -Ec10.4 25456-900408-2147 -Ec10.5 25457-900408-2148 -Ec10.6 25458-900408-2149 -Ec10.7 25459-900408-2150 -Ec10.8 25460-900408-2151 -Ec10.9 25461-900408-2153 -Ec10.10 25462-900408-2154 -Ec10.11 25463-900408-2158 -Ec10.12 25464-900408-2201 -Ec10.13 25465-900408-2203 -Ec10.14 25466-900408-2204 -Ec10.15 25467-900408-2206 -Ec10.16 25468-900408-2206 -Ec10.17 25469-900408-2208 -Ec10.18 25470-900408-2214 -Ec10.19 purpose, and served for every emergency, is too often spent in feastings and revellings 25471-900408-2215 -Ec10.20 25472-900408-2219 -Ec11.1 25473-900408-2222 -Ec11.2 25474-900408-2223 -Ec11.3 25475-900408-2223 -Ec11.4 25476-900408-2225 -Ec11.5 25477-900408-2227 -Ec11.6 25478-900408-2229 -Ec11.7 25479-900408-2231 -Ec11.8 25480-900408-2237 -Ec11.9 25481-900408-2238 -Ec11.10 25482-900408-2244 -Ec12.1 care to edify,8-12 the fear of God is the cheif antidote for vanity,13,14 25483-900408-2246 -Ec12.2 25484-900408-2247 -Ec12.3 25485-900408-2247 -Ec12.4 25486-900408-2252 -Ec12.5 25487-900408-2252 -Ec12.6 25488-900408-2254 -Ec12.7 25489-900408-2255 -Ec12.8 25490-900408-2257 -Ec12.9 25491-900408-2258 -Ec12.10 25492-900408-2300 -Ec12.11 25493-900408-2302 -Ec12.12 1.18 25494-900408-2303 -Ec12.13 25495-900408-2305 -Ec12.14 25496-900409-2208 -So1.1 deformity,5,6 and prays to be directed, to his flock,7 Christ directs her to the shepherd's tents,8; and shewing his love to her,9,10 gives her gracious promises,11. the church and Christ congrajulate one another,12-17 25497-900410-2227 -So1.2 25498-900410-2228 -So1.3 25499-900410-2229 -So1.4 25500-900409-2221 -So1.5 25501-900409-2223 -So1.6 25502-900409-2226 -So1.7 25503-900410-2230 -So1.8 25504-900409-2230 -So1.9 25505-900409-2232 -So1.10 25506-900409-2232 -So1.11 25507-900409-2234 -So1.12 25508-900409-2236 -So1.13 25509-900410-2232 -So1.14 25510-900410-2233 -So1.15 25511-900409-2239 -So1.16 25512-900409-2241 -So1.17 25513-900410-2234 -So2.1 calling of the church,10-13 Christ's care of the church,14,15 The profession of the church, her faith,and hope 16,17 25514-900409-2244 -So2.2 25515-900410-2235 -So2.3 7.23-26 12.2 25516-900409-2249 -So2.4 25517-900409-2251 -So2.5 25518-900409-2252 -So2.6 25519-900409-2254 -So2.7 25520-900409-2256 -So2.8 25521-900410-2236 -So2.9 25522-900410-2237 -So2.10 25523-900410-2117 -So2.11 25524-900410-2116 -So2.12 25525-900410-2238 -So2.13 25526-900410-2121 -So2.14 25527-900410-2239 -So2.15 25528-900410-2239 -So2.16 25529-900410-2240 -So2.17 25530-900410-2129 -So3.1 glories in christ,6-11 25531-900410-2131 -So3.2 25532-900410-2132 -So3.3 25533-900410-2134 -So3.4 25534-900410-2135 -So3.5 25535-900410-2137 -So3.6 25536-900410-2241 -So3.7 25537-900410-2139 -So3.8 25538-900410-2242 -So3.9 25539-900410-2141 -So3.10 25540-900410-2146 -So3.11 25541-900410-2243 -So4.1 his love to her,8-15 The church prays to bemade fit for his presence, 16 25542-900410-2156 -So4.2 25543-900410-2244 -So4.3 25544-900410-2202 -So4.4 25545-900410-2204 -So4.5 25546-900410-2205 -So4.6 25547-900410-2245 -So4.7 25548-900410-2208 -So4.8 25549-900410-2246 -So4.9 25550-900410-2212 -So4.10 love 25551-900410-2247 -So4.11 25552-900410-2215 -So4.12 25553-900410-2247 -So4.13 25554-900410-2248 -So4.14 25555-900410-2248 -So4.15 25556-900410-2249 -So4.16 25557-900411-2134 -So5.1 taste of Christ's love is sick of love,2-8 A description of Christ by his graces 25558-900411-2207 -So5.2 25559-900411-2141 -So5.3 25560-900411-2143 -So5.4 25561-900411-2145 -So5.5 25562-900411-2209 -So5.6 25563-900411-2153 -So5.7 25564-900411-2155 -So5.8 25565-900411-2210 -So5.9 25566-900411-2211 -So5.10 25567-900411-2158 -So5.11 25568-900411-2159 -So5.12 25569-900411-2201 -So5.13 25570-900411-2202 -So5.14 25571-900411-2204 -So5.15 25572-900411-2206 -So5.16 25573-900412-2144 -So6.1 graces of the church,4-9 and his love towards her,10-13 25574-900412-2151 -So6.2 25575-900412-2151 -So6.3 25576-900412-2154 -So6.4 25577-900412-2156 -So6.5 25578-900412-2156 -So6.6 25579-900412-2158 -So6.7 25580-900412-2200 -So6.8 25581-900412-2204 -So6.9 25582-900412-2204 -So6.10 25583-900412-2206 -So6.11 25584-900412-2207 -So6.12 25585-900412-2209 -So6.13 25586-900412-2212 -So7.1 professes her faith and desire,10-13 25587-900412-2213 -So7.2 25588-900412-2214 -So7.3 25589-900412-2217 -So7.4 25590-900412-2219 -So7.5 25591-900412-2221 -So7.6 25592-900412-2222 -So7.7 25593-900412-2224 -So7.8 25594-900412-2226 -So7.9 25595-900412-2227 -So7.10 25596-900412-2228 -So7.11 25597-900412-2230 -So7.12 25598-900412-2233 -So7.13 25599-900417-2149 -So8.1 The love of the church to Christ,1-5 The vehemency of love,6,7 The calling of the Gentiles,8-13 the church prays for Christ's coming,14 10.23,24 1ti 3.16 he 2.11,12 25600-900417-2153 -So8.2 25601-900417-2154 -So8.3 25602-900417-2156 -So8.4 25603-900417-2200 -So8.5 25604-900417-2205 -So8.6 25605-900417-2207 -So8.7 25606-900417-2212 -So8.8 25607-900417-2214 -So8.9 ep 2.20-22 25608-900417-2216 -So8.10 25609-900417-2218 -So8.11 25610-900417-2220 -So8.12 25611-900417-2222 -So8.13 25612-900417-2223 -So8.14 25613-900416-1552 -Isa1.1 Isaiah has, with singular propriety, been denominated the Evangelical Prophet, on account of the number and variety of his prophecies concerning the advent and character, the ministry and preaching, the sufferings and death, and the extensive and permanent kingdom of the Messiah. So explicit and determinate are his predictions, as well as so numerous, that he seems to speak rather of things past than of events yet future; and he may be rather called an evangelist than a prophet. Though later critics, especially those on the continent have expended much labour and learning in order to rob the prophet of his title; yet no one, whose mind is unprejudiced, can be at a loss in applying select portions of these prophecies to the mission and character of Jesus Christ, and to the events in his history which they are cited to illustrate by the sacred writers of the New Testament. In fact, his prophecies concerning the Messiah seem almost to anticipate the Gospel history; so clearly do they predict his Divine character. (Compare ch. 7.14 with Mat 1.18-23 and Luke 1.27-35 6.1 4.6 34.4 60.5,9,19 62.6-8 61.1 with lu 4.18 62.11 63.1-4) his miracles (35.5,6) his peculiar character and virtues (11.2,3 50.11 63.1-3) his rejection (6.9-12 with Mar. 8.14 6.14,15 53.3) his sufferings for our sins (1.6 53.4-11) his death and burial (53.8,9) his victory over death (25.8 53.10,12) his final glory (49.7,22,33 52,13-15 53 4.5) and the establishment, increase, and perfection of his kingdom (2.2-4 9.2,7 11.4-10 16.5 29 18-24 32.1 40.4,5 42.4 46.13 49.9-13 51.3-6 53.6-10 555.1-3 59.16-21 60.1 61.1-5 65.25) each specifically pointed out, and pourtrayed with the most striking and discriminating characters. It is impossible, indeed, to reflect on these, and on the whole chain of his illustrious prophecies, and not be sensible that they furnish the most incontestable evidence in support of Christianity. The style of Isaiah has been universally admired as the most perfect model of elegance and sublimity; and as distinguished for all the magnificence, and for all the sweetness of the Hebrew language. 01 Isaiah complains of Judah for her rebellion 05 He laments her judgments 10 He upraids their whole service 16 He exhorts to repentance, with promises and threatenings 21 Bewailing their wickedness, he denounces God's judgments 25 He promises grace 28 And threatens destruction to the wicked 25614-900303-0904 -Isa1.2 25615-900303-0904 -Isa1.3 25616-900303-0912 -Isa1.4 25617-900303-0913 -Isa1.5 25618-900303-0916 -Isa1.6 25619-900303-0917 -Isa1.7 25620-900303-0918 -Isa1.8 25621-900303-0920 -Isa1.9 25622-900303-0922 -Isa1.10 25623-900303-0923 -Isa1.11 25624-900303-0923 -Isa1.12 25625-900303-0924 -Isa1.13 25626-900303-0925 -Isa1.14 25627-900303-0928 -Isa1.15 25628-900303-0929 -Isa1.16 25629-900303-0930 -Isa1.17 25630-900303-0930 -Isa1.18 25631-900303-0931 -Isa1.19 25632-900303-0932 -Isa1.20 25633-900303-0933 -Isa1.21 25634-900303-0933 -Isa1.22 25635-900303-0935 -Isa1.23 25636-900303-0936 -Isa1.24 25637-900303-0937 -Isa1.25 25638-910917-2001 -Isa1.26 25639-900303-0939 -Isa1.27 25640-900303-0940 -Isa1.28 25641-900303-0941 -Isa1.29 25642-900303-0942 -Isa1.30 25643-900303-0943 -Isa1.31 25644-900303-0944 -Isa2.1 01 Isaiah prophesies the coming of Christ's kingdom 06 Wickedness is the cause of God's forsaking 10 He exhorts to fear, because of the powerful effects of God's majesty 25645-900303-0946 -Isa2.2 25646-900303-0947 -Isa2.3 25647-900303-0948 -Isa2.4 25648-900303-0949 -Isa2.5 25649-900303-0950 -Isa2.6 25650-900303-0951 -Isa2.7 25651-900303-0952 -Isa2.8 25652-900303-0953 -Isa2.9 25653-900303-0954 -Isa2.10 25654-900303-0956 -Isa2.11 25655-900303-0957 -Isa2.12 25656-900303-0957 -Isa2.13 25657-900303-0958 -Isa2.14 25658-900303-0958 -Isa2.15 25659-900303-0959 -Isa2.16 25660-900303-0959 -Isa2.17 25661-900303-1000 -Isa2.18 25662-900303-1002 -Isa2.19 25663-900303-1003 -Isa2.20 25664-900303-1004 -Isa2.21 25665-900303-1005 -Isa2.22 25666-900303-1047 -Isa3.1 01 The great calamities which come by sin 10 The different reward of the righteous and wicked 12 The oppression and covetousness of the rulers 16 The judgments which shall be for the pride of the women 25 The general desolation 25667-900303-1047 -Isa3.2 25668-900303-1048 -Isa3.3 25669-900303-1049 -Isa3.4 25670-900303-1050 -Isa3.5 25671-900303-1050 -Isa3.6 25672-900903-0635 -Isa3.7 Chardin testifies, are obliged to have a great stock of clothes in readiness for presents on all occasions; and a great quantity of provisions for the table is equally necessary. Hence the person desired to undertake the government, alleges as an excuse that he is not able to support the dignity of his station. 25673-900303-1054 -Isa3.8 25674-900303-1055 -Isa3.9 25675-900303-1056 -Isa3.10 25676-900303-1057 -Isa3.11 25677-900303-1058 -Isa3.12 25678-900303-1059 -Isa3.13 25679-900303-1100 -Isa3.14 25680-900303-1106 -Isa3.15 25681-900303-1109 -Isa3.16 messakkaroth ainayim is rendered in the Targum, painting their eyes with stibium: for sakar is probably the same as the Chaldee sekar, or that import. rings to which smaller ones are attached, which make a tinkling sound as they move nimlby. 25682-900303-1110 -Isa3.17 25683-900303-1111 -Isa3.18 on their caps on the head, described by Lady M. W. Montague, Let. 32. 25684-900303-1112 -Isa3.19 25685-900303-1114 -Isa3.20 rendered by Bp. Lowth 25686-900303-1114 -Isa3.21 25687-900303-1115 -Isa3.22 according to the weather. 25688-900303-1116 -Isa3.23 25689-900303-1117 -Isa3.24 25690-900303-1118 -Isa3.25 25691-900303-1118 -Isa3.26 25692-900303-1120 -Isa4.1 01 In the extremity of evils, Christ's kingdom shall be a sanctuary. us 25693-900303-1122 -Isa4.2 25694-900303-1123 -Isa4.3 25695-900303-1124 -Isa4.4 25696-900303-1126 -Isa4.5 25697-900303-1126 -Isa4.6 25698-900303-1129 -Isa5.1 01 Under the parable of a vineyard, God excuses his severe judgment 08 His judgments upon covetousness 11 Upon lasciviousness 13 Upon impiety 20 And upon injustice 26 The executioners of God's judgments 25699-900303-1133 -Isa5.2 an excellent vine; but some with Bp. Lowth, retain it as a proper name. Sorek was a valley lying between Askalon and Gaza, so called from the excellence of its vines. 25700-900303-1133 -Isa5.3 25701-900303-1134 -Isa5.4 25702-900303-1135 -Isa5.5 25703-900303-1136 -Isa5.6 25704-900303-1139 -Isa5.7 here: he looked for mishpat, judgment, but behold mispach, oppression; for tzedakah, justice, but behold tzedkah, a cry. 25705-900303-1140 -Isa5.8 25706-900303-1141 -Isa5.9 25707-900303-1141 -Isa5.10 25708-900303-1142 -Isa5.11 25709-900303-1143 -Isa5.12 25710-900303-1144 -Isa5.13 25711-900303-1146 -Isa5.14 25712-900303-1147 -Isa5.15 25713-900303-1149 -Isa5.16 25714-900303-1149 -Isa5.17 25715-900303-1151 -Isa5.18 25716-900303-1153 -Isa5.19 25717-900303-1154 -Isa5.20 25718-900303-1154 -Isa5.21 25719-900303-1155 -Isa5.22 25720-900303-1156 -Isa5.23 25721-900303-1157 -Isa5.24 25722-900303-1159 -Isa5.25 25723-900303-1200 -Isa5.26 25724-900303-1201 -Isa5.27 25725-900303-1201 -Isa5.28 25726-900303-1202 -Isa5.29 25727-900303-1205 -Isa5.30 the destructions thereof 25728-900305-0853 -Isa6.1 01 Isaiah, in a vision of the Lord in his glory 05 Being terrified, has has apprehensions removed 08 He offers himself, and is sent to shew the obstinancy of the people unto their desolation 13 A remnant shall be saved 25729-900305-0855 -Isa6.2 25730-900305-0857 -Isa6.3 whole earth 25731-900305-0857 -Isa6.4 25732-900305-0859 -Isa6.5 25733-900305-0900 -Isa6.6 25734-900305-0901 -Isa6.7 25735-900305-0902 -Isa6.8 25736-900305-0903 -Isa6.9 25737-900305-0904 -Isa6.10 25738-900305-0905 -Isa6.11 25739-900305-0906 -Isa6.12 25740-900305-0913 -Isa6.13 been broused very common in Palestine; the leaf of which resembles that of the laurel, and its flower that of the olive. But the original ailah, which our translators render the oak, (but here distinguished from allon, the oak,) and Bp. Lowth the ilex, in ch. 1.29,30, probably denotes, as Celsius contends, the terebinth. It is an evergreen of moderate size, but having the top and branches large in proportion to the trunk; leaves, like those of the olive, but green intermixed with red and purple; flowers, like those of the vine, growing in bunches, and purple; fruit, of a ruddy purple, the size of a juniper berry, hanging in clusters, very juicy, and containing a single seed of the size of a grape stone; wood, hard and fibrous, from which a resin distils; with an excresence scattered among the leaves, of the size of a chestnut, or a purple colour, variegated with green and while. 25741-900305-0915 -Isa7.1 01 Ahaz, being troubled with fear of Rezin and Pekah, is comforted by Isaiah 10 Ahaz, having liberty to choose a sign, and refusing it, hath for a sign, Christ promised 17 His judgment is prophesied to come by Assyria 25742-900305-0916 -Isa7.2 25743-900305-0920 -Isa7.3 25744-900305-0921 -Isa7.4 25745-900305-0921 -Isa7.5 25746-900305-0922 -Isa7.6 25747-900305-0922 -Isa7.7 25748-900305-0926 -Isa7.8 and renders, "Though the head of Syria be Damascus; and the head of Damascus Retzin; and the head of Ephraim be Samaria; and the head of Samaria Remaliah's son; yet within threescore and five years Ephraim shall be broken, that he be no more a people" This renders the passage perfectly clear; and the prophecy received its full accomplishment when Esarhaddon carried away the remains of the ten tribes. 25749-900305-0927 -Isa7.9 stable 25750-900305-0927 -Isa7.10 25751-900305-0928 -Isa7.11 25752-900305-0929 -Isa7.12 25753-900305-0932 -Isa7.13 25754-900305-0933 -Isa7.14 25755-900305-0934 -Isa7.15 following, we may render with Dr. Jubb and Lowth, "Behold the virgin shall conceive and bear a son, and thou shalt call his name Immanuel; butter and honey shall he eat when he shall know to refuse the evil and choose the good. for," etc. 25756-900305-0935 -Isa7.16 25757-900305-0937 -Isa7.17 25758-900305-0938 -Isa7.18 25759-900305-0938 -Isa7.19 25760-900305-0939 -Isa7.20 25761-900305-0939 -Isa7.21 25762-900305-0940 -Isa7.22 25763-900305-0940 -Isa7.23 25764-900305-0941 -Isa7.24 25765-900305-0941 -Isa7.25 25766-900305-0943 -Isa8.1 01 In Maher-shalal-hash-baz, he prophesies that Syria and Israel shall be subdued by Assyria 05 Judah likewise for their indifelity 09 God's judgments shall be irresistible 11 Comfort shall be to them that fear God 19 Great affictions to idolaters hasteneth the prey. Or, make speed, etc. hasten, etc. 25767-900305-0944 -Isa8.2 25768-900305-0945 -Isa8.3 25769-900305-0946 -Isa8.4 Assyria shall take away the riches, etc 25770-900305-0947 -Isa8.5 25771-900305-0947 -Isa8.6 25772-900305-0949 -Isa8.7 25773-900305-0950 -Isa8.8 land shall be the stretchings out of his wings 25774-900305-0952 -Isa8.9 25775-900305-0953 -Isa8.10 25776-900305-0954 -Isa8.11 25777-900305-0955 -Isa8.12 25778-900305-0957 -Isa8.13 25779-900305-0958 -Isa8.14 25780-900305-0958 -Isa8.15 25781-900305-0959 -Isa8.16 25782-900305-1001 -Isa8.17 25783-900305-1002 -Isa8.18 25784-900305-1003 -Isa8.19 25785-900305-1004 -Isa8.20 25786-900305-1005 -Isa8.21 25787-900305-1006 -Isa8.22 25788-900305-1008 -Isa9.1 01 What joy shall be in the midst of affictions, by the birth and kingdom of Christ 08 The judgments upon Israel for their pride 13 For their hypocrisy 18 And for their impenitency 25789-900305-1029 -Isa9.2 25790-900305-1031 -Isa9.3 25791-900305-1033 -Isa9.4 25792-900305-1034 -Isa9.5 warrior was, etc. 25793-900305-1037 -Isa9.6 25794-900305-1038 -Isa9.7 25795-900305-1038 -Isa9.8 25796-900305-1039 -Isa9.9 25797-900305-1040 -Isa9.10 25798-900305-1040 -Isa9.11 25799-900305-1043 -Isa9.12 25800-900305-1043 -Isa9.13 25801-900305-1044 -Isa9.14 25802-900305-1046 -Isa9.15 25803-900305-1047 -Isa9.16 25804-900305-1048 -Isa9.17 25805-900305-1049 -Isa9.18 25806-900305-1050 -Isa9.19 25807-900305-1051 -Isa9.20 25808-900305-1051 -Isa9.21 25809-900306-1034 -Isa10.1 01 The woe of tyrants 05 Assyria, the rod of hyprocrites, for his pride shall be broken 20 A remnant of Israel shall be saved 23 Judah is comforted with promise of deliverance from Assyria grievousness 25810-900306-1034 -Isa10.2 25811-900306-1036 -Isa10.3 25812-900306-1037 -Isa10.4 25813-900306-1038 -Isa10.5 25814-900306-1039 -Isa10.6 25815-900306-1041 -Isa10.7 25816-900306-1041 -Isa10.8 25817-900306-1042 -Isa10.9 25818-900306-1043 -Isa10.10 25819-900306-1043 -Isa10.11 25820-900306-1045 -Isa10.12 fruit of the greatness of the heart 25821-900307-0625 -Isa10.13 25822-900307-0626 -Isa10.14 the term pipe to express the note of the bullfinch 25823-900307-0644 -Isa10.15 shake them 25824-900307-0645 -Isa10.16 25825-900307-0647 -Isa10.17 25826-900307-0648 -Isa10.18 25827-900307-0648 -Isa10.19 25828-900307-0649 -Isa10.20 25829-900307-0650 -Isa10.21 25830-900307-0651 -Isa10.22 25831-900307-0651 -Isa10.23 25832-900307-0653 -Isa10.24 lift up his staff for thee 25833-900307-0653 -Isa10.25 25834-900307-0654 -Isa10.26 25835-900307-0655 -Isa10.27 25836-900307-0659 -Isa10.28 Sennacherib's army approaching Jerusalem in order to invest it, and of the terror and confusion spreading and increasing through the several places as he advanced; expressed with great brevity, but finely diversified. Aiath, or Ai, was situated a little east of Bethel about twelve miles north of Jerusalem; Michmash about three miles nearer, where there was a narrow pass between two sharp hills; Geba and Ramah about three miles more to the south; Gibeah a mile and a half more southward; Anathoth within three miles of Jerusalem; to the westward of which, towards Lydda, was Nob, from which place Sennacherib might have a prospect of Zion, and near which, it would appear, his army was destroyed. 25837-900307-0700 -Isa10.29 25838-900307-0700 -Isa10.30 25839-900307-0701 -Isa10.31 25840-900307-0702 -Isa10.32 25841-900307-0703 -Isa10.33 25842-900307-0703 -Isa10.34 25843-900307-0713 -Isa11.1 01 The peaceable kingdom of the Branch out of the root of Jesse 10 The victorious restoration of Israel, and vocation of the Gentiles. of the Assyrian army under that of a mighty forest, here takes occasion to represent the Great Person, who makes the subject of this chapter, as a slender twig, shooting out of the trunk of an old tree; which tender twig, though weak in appearance, should become fruitful and prosper. 25844-900307-0730 -Isa11.2 25845-900307-0745 -Isa11.3 25846-900307-0748 -Isa11.4 25847-900307-0749 -Isa11.5 25848-900307-0841 -Isa11.6 25849-900307-0842 -Isa11.7 25850-900307-0842 -Isa11.8 25851-900307-0844 -Isa11.9 25852-900307-0845 -Isa11.10 25853-900307-0849 -Isa11.11 25854-900307-0850 -Isa11.12 25855-900307-0851 -Isa11.13 25856-900307-0852 -Isa11.14 of their hand; the children of Ammon their obedience. 25857-900307-0853 -Isa11.15 25858-900307-0854 -Isa11.16 25859-900307-0856 -Isa12.1 01 A joyful thanksgiving of the faithful for the mercies of God 25860-900307-0857 -Isa12.2 25861-900307-0858 -Isa12.3 25862-900307-0904 -Isa12.4 25863-900307-0905 -Isa12.5 25864-900307-0906 -Isa12.6 25865-900307-0915 -Isa13.1 01 God musters the armies of his wrath 06 He threatens to destroy Babylon by the Medes 19 The desolation of Bayblon 25866-900307-0916 -Isa13.2 25867-900307-0917 -Isa13.3 25868-900307-0918 -Isa13.4 25869-900307-0919 -Isa13.5 25870-900307-0921 -Isa13.6 25871-900307-0922 -Isa13.7 25872-900307-0923 -Isa13.8 neighbor. 25873-900307-0923 -Isa13.9 25874-900307-0924 -Isa13.10 25875-900307-0926 -Isa13.11 25876-900307-0927 -Isa13.12 25877-900307-0928 -Isa13.13 25878-900307-0929 -Isa13.14 25879-900307-0929 -Isa13.15 25880-900307-0930 -Isa13.16 25881-900307-0931 -Isa13.17 25882-900307-0938 -Isa13.18 25883-900307-0950 -Isa13.19 predicted, was situated in the midst of a large plain, having a very deep and fruitful soil, on the Euphrates, about 252 miles south-east of Palmyra, and the same distance north-west of Susa and the Persian gulf, in lat. 32 degrees 30' N. and long. 44 degrees 20 E. According to Herodotus, it formed a perfect square, each side of which was 120 stadia, and consequently its circumference 480 stadia, or sixty miles; inclosed by a wall 200 cubits high and fifty wide, on the top of which were small watch towers of one story high, leaving a space between them, through which a chariot and four might pass and turn. On each side were twenty-five gates of solid brass; from each of which proceeded a street, 150 feet broad, making in all fifty streets; which, crossing each other at right angles, intersected the city into 676 squares, extending four stadia and a half on each side, along which stood the houses, all built three or four stories high, and highly decorated towards the street; the interior of these squares being employed as gardens, pleasure grounds, etc. Its principal ornaments were the temple of Belus, having a tower of eight stories, upon a base of a quarter of a mile square; a most magnificent palace; and the famous hanging gardens, or artifical mountains raised upon arches, and planted with large and beautiful trees. Cyrus took it by diverting the waters of the Euphrates, which ran through the midst, and entering by the channel; and the river being never restored to its proper course, overflowed the whole country, and made it a morass. Darius Hystasnes afterwards depopulated the place, lowered the walls, and demolished the gates; Xerxes destroyed the temples; the building of Seleucia nearly exhausted it of its inhabitants; a king of the Parthians carried a number of them into slavery, and destroyed the most beautiful parts; so that modern travellers describe it as a mass of shapeless ruins, the habitation of wild beasts. 25884-900307-0951 -Isa13.20 25885-900307-0951 -Isa13.21 25886-900307-0953 -Isa13.22 25887-900307-0956 -Isa14.1 01 God's merciful restoration of Israel 03 Their triumphant exultation over Babel 24 God's purpose against Assyria 29 Palestina is threatened 25888-900307-0958 -Isa14.2 25889-900307-0959 -Isa14.3 25890-900307-1001 -Isa14.4 25891-900307-1001 -Isa14.5 25892-900307-1002 -Isa14.6 25893-900307-1003 -Isa14.7 25894-900307-1003 -Isa14.8 25895-900307-1004 -Isa14.9 25896-900307-1005 -Isa14.10 25897-900307-1006 -Isa14.11 25898-900307-1007 -Isa14.12 25899-900307-1008 -Isa14.13 25900-900307-1009 -Isa14.14 25901-900307-1009 -Isa14.15 25902-900307-1010 -Isa14.16 25903-900307-1011 -Isa14.17 prisoners loose homewards 25904-900307-1011 -Isa14.18 25905-900307-1013 -Isa14.19 of this chapter, the deliverance of Judah from captivity, in consequence of the destruction of Babylon, then introduces this triumphant song, the beauties of which are excellently illustrated by Bp. Lowth. 25906-900307-1013 -Isa14.20 25907-900307-1014 -Isa14.21 25908-900307-1014 -Isa14.22 25909-900307-1015 -Isa14.23 25910-900307-1016 -Isa14.24 25911-900307-1017 -Isa14.25 25912-900307-1017 -Isa14.26 25913-900307-1018 -Isa14.27 25914-900307-1019 -Isa14.28 25915-900307-1020 -Isa14.29 25916-900307-1021 -Isa14.30 25917-900307-1022 -Isa14.31 25918-900307-1023 -Isa14.32 25919-900307-1526 -Isa15.1 01 The lamentable state of Moab prophecy; which was most probably delivered, as Bp. Lowth supposes, soon after the foregoing, (ch. 14.28-32,) in the first year of Hezekiah, and accomplished in his fourth year when Shalmaneser invaded Israel. 25920-900307-1527 -Isa15.2 25921-900307-1528 -Isa15.3 down with weeping 25922-900307-1530 -Isa15.4 25923-900307-1532 -Isa15.5 heifer 25924-900307-1533 -Isa15.6 25925-900307-1536 -Isa15.7 25926-900307-1537 -Isa15.8 miles south from Ar or Areopolis 25927-900307-1539 -Isa15.9 called both Dibon and Dimon. the escaped of Moab, and Ariel, and the remnant of Admah'. 25928-900307-1541 -Isa16.1 01 Moab is exhorted to yield obedience to the throne of David 06 Moab is threatened for her pride 09 The prophet bewails her 12 The judgment of Moab 25929-900307-1542 -Isa16.2 25930-900307-1543 -Isa16.3 25931-900307-1544 -Isa16.4 25932-900307-1545 -Isa16.5 25933-900307-1546 -Isa16.6 25934-900307-1547 -Isa16.7 25935-900307-1548 -Isa16.8 25936-900307-1549 -Isa16.9 25937-900307-1549 -Isa16.10 25938-900307-1550 -Isa16.11 25939-900307-1551 -Isa16.12 25940-900307-1551 -Isa16.13 25941-900307-1552 -Isa16.14 25942-900308-0955 -Isa17.1 01 Syria and Israel are threatened 06 A remnant shall forsake idolatry 09 The rest shall be plagued for their impiety 12 The woe of Israel's enemies 25943-900308-0956 -Isa17.2 25944-900308-0957 -Isa17.3 25945-900308-0958 -Isa17.4 25946-900308-0959 -Isa17.5 25947-900308-1000 -Isa17.6 25948-900308-1001 -Isa17.7 25949-900308-1002 -Isa17.8 25950-900308-1003 -Isa17.9 25951-900308-1004 -Isa17.10 25952-900308-1005 -Isa17.11 removed in the day of inheritance, and there shall be deadly sorrow. 25953-900308-1007 -Isa17.12 25954-900308-1009 -Isa17.13 25955-900308-1010 -Isa17.14 25956-900308-1013 -Isa18.1 01 God, in care of his people, will destroy the Ethiopians 07 An accession thereby shall be made to the church winged cymbal;' which he thinks is a periphrasis for the Egyptian sistrum; and consequently, that Egypt, 'which borders on the rivers of Cush,' is the country to which the prophecy is addressed. If we translate 'shadowing with wings,' it may allude to the multitude of its vessels, whose sails may be represented under the notion of wings. 25957-900308-1020 -Isa18.2 the Nile a light sort of ships or boats made of the papyrus. See note on Ex. 2.3 Lowth renders, 'stretched out in length and smoothed.' Egypt, which is situated between 24 degrees and 32 degrees north lat. and 30 degrees and 33 degrees E. long., being bounded on the south by Ethiopia, on the north by the Mediterranean, on the east by the mountains of Arabia, and on the west by those of Lybia, is one long vale, 750 miles in length, (through the middle of which runs the Nile,) in breadth from one to two or three day's journey, and even at the widest part of the Delta, from Pelusium to Alexandria, not above 250 miles broad. treadeth down. Heb. of line, line, and treading under foot. This is an allusion to the frequent necessity of having recourse to mensuration in Egypt, in order to determine their boundaries, after the inundation of the Nile had smoothed their land and effaced their landmarks; and to their method of throwing seed upon the mud, when the waters had subsided, and treading it in by turning their cattle into the fields. 25958-900308-1021 -Isa18.3 25959-900308-1022 -Isa18.4 25960-900308-1022 -Isa18.5 25961-900308-1023 -Isa18.6 25962-900308-1024 -Isa18.7 25963-900308-1027 -Isa19.1 01 The confusion of Egypt 11 The foolishness of their princes 18 The calling of Egypt into the church 23 The covenant of Egypt, Assyria, and Israel 25964-900308-1029 -Isa19.2 25965-900308-1032 -Isa19.3 about twenty-two years after the destruction of Sennacherib's army; when, upon the death of Tirhakah, (B.C. 688,) not being able to settle about the succession, they continued for two years in a state of anarchy, confusion, and civil wars; which was followed by the tyranny of twelve princes, who, dividing the country among them, governed it for fifteen years; and at last, by the sole dominion of Psammiticus, which he held for fifty-four years. 25966-900308-1035 -Isa19.4 Syriac, Vulgate, and the original adonim kasheh. Nebuchadnezzar, who first conquered and ravaged Egypt, B.C. 573, and the following year; and then, not only his successors, but Cambyses, (who invaded Egypt, B.C. 526,) the son of Cyrus, and the whole succession of Persian kings till the time of Alexander, who were in general hard masters, and grievously oppressed the country. 25967-900308-1036 -Isa19.5 25968-900308-1036 -Isa19.6 25969-900308-1037 -Isa19.7 25970-900308-1037 -Isa19.8 25971-900308-1038 -Isa19.9 25972-900308-1038 -Isa19.10 25973-900308-1040 -Isa19.11 25974-900308-1040 -Isa19.12 25975-900308-1041 -Isa19.13 25976-900308-1043 -Isa19.14 25977-900308-1043 -Isa19.15 25978-900308-1044 -Isa19.16 25979-900308-1045 -Isa19.17 25980-900308-1050 -Isa19.18 'destruction,' which is also the reading of Aquila, Theodotion, and the Syriac, fifteen MSS. and seven editions have cheres, 'the sun;' agreeable to Symmachus, the Arabic, and Vulagte; while the Chaldee takes in both readings; and the LXX. reads 'the city of righteousness,' a name apparently contrived by the party of Onias, to give credit to his temple. As, however, heres in Arabic signifies a lion, Conrad Ikenius is of opinion that the place here mentioned is not Heliopolis, as is commonly supposed, but Leontopolis in the Heliopolitan name, as it is termed in the letter of Onias to Ptolemy. The whole passage from this verse to the end, contains a general intimation of the propagation of the knowledge of the true God in Egypt and Syria, under the successors of Alexander, and the early reception of the gospel in the same countries. 25981-900308-1050 -Isa19.19 25982-900308-1051 -Isa19.20 25983-900308-1054 -Isa19.21 25984-900308-1055 -Isa19.22 25985-900308-1055 -Isa19.23 25986-900308-1057 -Isa19.24 25987-900308-1058 -Isa19.25 25988-900308-1259 -Isa20.1 01 A type prefiguring the shameful captivity of Egypt and Ethiopia. is probable, is here called Sargon, and in the book of Tobit, Sacherdonus and Sacherdan, against whom Tirhakah, king of Cush or Ethiopia, was in league with the king of Egypt. 25989-900308-1300 -Isa20.2 25990-900308-1301 -Isa20.3 25991-900308-1302 -Isa20.4 25992-900308-1302 -Isa20.5 25993-900308-1304 -Isa20.6 25994-900308-1307 -Isa21.1 01 The prophet, bewailing the captivity of his people, sees in a vision the fall of Babylon by the Medes and Persians. 11 Edom, scorning the prophet, is moved to repentance. 13 The set time of Arabia's calamity. prediction of the taking of Babylon by the Medes and Persians; which is here denominated 'the desert of the sea,' because the country around it, and especially towards the sea, was a great morass, often overflowed by the Tigris and Euphrates, and only rendered habitable by being drained by a number of canals. 25995-900308-1308 -Isa21.2 25996-900308-1309 -Isa21.3 25997-900308-1310 -Isa21.4 25998-900308-1311 -Isa21.5 25999-900308-1312 -Isa21.6 26000-900308-1312 -Isa21.7 26001-900308-1313 -Isa21.8 26002-900308-1314 -Isa21.9 26003-900308-1315 -Isa21.10 26004-900308-1318 -Isa21.11 Arabia, mentioned by Stephanus, and the modern Dumah and Dumathalgandel, on the borders of Arabia and Syria, in a rocky valley. The Edomites, says Bp. Lowth, as well as Jews, were subdued by the Babylonians. They enquire of the prophet how long their subjection is to last; he intimates that the Jews should be delivered from their captivity; not so the Edomites. 'The morning cometh, and also the night'. 26005-900308-1321 -Isa21.12 26006-900308-1322 -Isa21.13 26007-900308-1322 -Isa21.14 26008-900308-1323 -Isa21.15 face of 26009-900308-1324 -Isa21.16 26010-900308-1324 -Isa21.17 26011-900308-1330 -Isa22.1 01 The prophet laments the invasion of Jewry 08 He reproves their human wisdom and wordly joy 15 He prophesies Shebna's deprivation 20 And the substitution of Eliakim, prefiguring the kingdom of Christ. surrounding hills, and the seat of Divine revelation, is here termed 'the valley of vision'. This prophecy foretells the invasion of Jerusalem by the Assyrians under Sennacherib; and probably also, by the Chaldeans under Nebuchadnezzar. into which chiefly the windows open; those that open to the street being so obstructed with lattice work, that no one can see through them. Whenever, therefore, anything is to be seen or heard in the streets, any public spectacle, or any alarm, everyone immediately goes up to the house-top to satisfy his curiosity. Hence all the people running to the top of their houses, gives a lively image of a sudden general alarm. 26012-900308-1331 -Isa22.2 26013-900308-1332 -Isa22.3 26014-900308-1332 -Isa22.4 26015-900308-1333 -Isa22.5 26016-900308-1334 -Isa22.6 26017-900308-1334 -Isa22.7 26018-900308-1335 -Isa22.8 26019-900308-1335 -Isa22.9 26020-900308-1336 -Isa22.10 26021-900308-1336 -Isa22.11 26022-900308-1337 -Isa22.12 26023-900308-1338 -Isa22.13 26024-900308-1338 -Isa22.14 26025-900308-1339 -Isa22.15 26026-900308-1342 -Isa22.16 great antiquity, says Bp. Lowth, called Naksi Rustam, which give a clear idea of Shebna's pompous design for his sepulchre. They consist of several sepulchres, each of them hewn in a high rock near the top. The front of the rock to the valley below is adorned with carved work in relieve, being the outside of the sepulchre. Some of these sepulchres are about thirty feet in the perpendicular from the valley, which is itself raised perhaps about half as much by the accumulation of the earth since they were made. 26027-900308-1343 -Isa22.17 covering, and clothed thee gorgeously, shall surely violently turn, etc. 26028-900308-1343 -Isa22.18 26029-900308-1344 -Isa22.19 26030-900308-1344 -Isa22.20 26031-900308-1345 -Isa22.21 26032-900308-1346 -Isa22.22 preceding verse, were the ensigns of power and authority; so likewise was the key the mark of office, either sacred or civil. To comprehend how the key could be borne on the shoulder, it will be sufficient to observe, that the ancient keys were of considerable magnitude, and much bent. 26033-900308-1347 -Isa22.23 26034-900308-1349 -Isa22.24 26035-900308-1349 -Isa22.25 26036-900308-1356 -Isa23.1 01 The miserable overthrow of Tyre 15 Her restoration and whoredoms foretold, was a city of Phoenicia, on the shore of the Mediterranean, twenty-four miles south of Sidon, and thirty-two north of Accho or Ptolemais, according to the Antonine and Jerusalem Itineraries, about lat. 33 degrees 18'N. long. 35 degrees 10'E. There were two cities of this name; one on the continent called Palae Tyrus, or Old Tyre, according to Strabo, thirty stadia south of the other, which was situated on an island, not above 700 paces from the main land, says Pliny. Old Tyre was taken by Nebuchadnezzar, after a siege of thirteen years, B.C.573, which he so utterly destroyed, that it never afterwards rose higher than a village. But previous to this, the inhabitants had removed their effects to the island which afterwards became so famous by the name of Tyre, though now consisting only of about 800 dwellings. 26037-900308-1356 -Isa23.2 26038-900308-1357 -Isa23.3 26039-900308-1358 -Isa23.4 26040-900308-1358 -Isa23.5 26041-900308-1359 -Isa23.6 26042-900308-1359 -Isa23.7 26043-900308-1401 -Isa23.8 26044-900308-1402 -Isa23.9 26045-900308-1402 -Isa23.10 26046-900308-1404 -Isa23.11 26047-900308-1406 -Isa23.12 taken by the king of Ascalon, betook themselves to their ships; and landed and built Tyre'; Sidon was therefore the mother city. 26048-900308-1407 -Isa23.13 26049-900308-1408 -Isa23.14 26050-900308-1409 -Isa23.15 the song of an harlot 26051-900308-1410 -Isa23.16 26052-900308-1411 -Isa23.17 26053-900308-1412 -Isa23.18 26054-900312-0924 -Isa24.1 01 The doleful judgments of God upon the land 13 A remnant shall joyfully praise him 16 God in his judgments shall advance his kingdom 26055-900312-0926 -Isa24.2 26056-900312-0927 -Isa24.3 26057-900312-0928 -Isa24.4 26058-900312-0929 -Isa24.5 26059-900312-0931 -Isa24.6 26060-900312-0932 -Isa24.7 26061-900312-0932 -Isa24.8 26062-900312-0933 -Isa24.9 26063-900312-0934 -Isa24.10 26064-900312-0934 -Isa24.11 26065-900312-0936 -Isa24.12 26066-900312-0936 -Isa24.13 26067-900312-0938 -Isa24.14 26068-900312-0940 -Isa24.15 26069-900312-0942 -Isa24.16 26070-900312-0943 -Isa24.17 26071-900312-0945 -Isa24.18 26072-900312-0945 -Isa24.19 26073-900312-0946 -Isa24.20 26074-900312-0947 -Isa24.21 26075-900312-0948 -Isa24.22 prisoners 26076-900312-0949 -Isa24.23 before his ancients 26077-900312-0951 -Isa25.1 26078-900312-0952 -Isa25.2 26079-900312-0953 -Isa25.3 26080-900312-0954 -Isa25.4 26081-900312-0955 -Isa25.5 26082-900312-0957 -Isa25.6 26083-900312-0958 -Isa25.7 26084-900312-0959 -Isa25.8 26085-900312-1000 -Isa25.9 26086-900312-1002 -Isa25.10 26087-900312-1004 -Isa25.11 26088-900312-1004 -Isa25.12 26089-900312-1006 -Isa26.1 26090-900312-1007 -Isa26.2 26091-900312-1008 -Isa26.3 26092-900312-1010 -Isa26.4 26093-900312-1015 -Isa26.5 26094-900312-1016 -Isa26.6 26095-900312-1017 -Isa26.7 26096-900312-1019 -Isa26.8 26097-900312-1019 -Isa26.9 26098-900312-1021 -Isa26.10 26099-900312-1022 -Isa26.11 26100-900312-1023 -Isa26.12 26101-900312-1023 -Isa26.13 26102-900312-1024 -Isa26.14 26103-900312-1025 -Isa26.15 26104-900312-1026 -Isa26.16 26105-900312-1027 -Isa26.17 26106-900312-1027 -Isa26.18 26107-900312-1029 -Isa26.19 26108-900312-1030 -Isa26.20 26109-900312-1031 -Isa26.21 26110-900312-1034 -Isa27.1 26111-900312-1035 -Isa27.2 26112-900312-1036 -Isa27.3 26113-900312-1038 -Isa27.4 26114-900312-1039 -Isa27.5 26115-900312-1040 -Isa27.6 26116-900312-1041 -Isa27.7 26117-900312-1042 -Isa27.8 26118-900312-1047 -Isa27.9 26119-900312-1048 -Isa27.10 26120-900312-1049 -Isa27.11 26121-900312-1050 -Isa27.12 26122-900312-1052 -Isa27.13 26123-900313-1157 -Isa28.1 01 The prophet threatens Ephraim for their pride and drunkenness 05 The residue shall be advanced in the kingdom of Christ 07 He rebukes their error 09 Their untowardness to learn 14 And their security 16 Christ the sure foundation is promised 17 Their security shall be tried 23 They are incited to the consideration of God's discreet providence to the devastations of Israel and Judah by the Assyrian kings. The ancient Samaria being beautifully situated on the top of a round hill, and surrounded immediately with a rich valley, and then a circle of other hills around it, suggested the idea of a chaplet, or wreath of flowers. 26124-900313-1158 -Isa28.2 26125-900313-1159 -Isa28.3 26126-900313-1202 -Isa28.4 early fig) draw near to perfection in the middle or latter end of June, than the kermez, or summer fig, begins to be formed, though it rarely ripens before August; about which time the same tree frequently throws out a third crop, or winter fig, as we may call it. This is usually of a much longer shape and darker complexion than the kermez, hanging and ripening upon the tree, even after the leaves are shed; and provided the winter proves mild and temperate, is gathered as a delicious morsel in the spring.' 26127-900313-1203 -Isa28.5 26128-900313-1204 -Isa28.6 26129-900313-1205 -Isa28.7 26130-900313-1206 -Isa28.8 26131-900313-1207 -Isa28.9 26132-900313-1222 -Isa28.10 26133-900313-1223 -Isa28.11 26134-900313-1223 -Isa28.12 26135-900313-1225 -Isa28.13 26136-900313-1226 -Isa28.14 26137-900313-1228 -Isa28.15 proverbial expression to denote perfect security from mischief or evil of which it is the cause. 26138-900313-1229 -Isa28.16 26139-900313-1230 -Isa28.17 26140-900313-1232 -Isa28.18 and Bp. Lowth, would read tuppar; but the former may well have the sense ascribed to it here, as it signifies in Chaldee and Syriac. 26141-900313-1233 -Isa28.19 understand doctrine 26142-900313-1234 -Isa28.20 26143-900313-1235 -Isa28.21 26144-900313-1237 -Isa28.22 26145-900313-1237 -Isa28.23 26146-900313-1238 -Isa28.24 26147-900313-1238 -Isa28.25 and the barley in the appointed place. 26148-900313-1239 -Isa28.26 God doth teach him 26149-900313-1240 -Isa28.27 26150-900313-1241 -Isa28.28 26151-900313-1241 -Isa28.29 26152-900313-1324 -Isa29.1 01 God's heavy judgment upon Jerusalem 07 The unsatiableness of her enemies 09 The senselessness 13 And deep hypocrisy of the jews 17 A promise of sanctification to the godly 26153-900313-1335 -Isa29.2 me as the hearth of the great altar;' that is, it shall be the seat of the fire of God, which shall issue from thence to consume his enemies. The hearth of the altar is expressly called ariel by Ezekiel, ch 43.15; which is put, in the former part of the verse, for Jerusalem, the city in which the altar was. The subject of this and the four following chapters, says Bp. Lowth, is the invasion of Sennacherib; the great distress of the Jews while it continued; their sudden and unexpected deliverance by God's immediate and miraculous interposition on their behalf; the subsequent prosperous state of the kingdom under Hezekiah; interspersed with severe reproofs and threats of punishment for their hypocrisy, stupidity, infidelity, their want of trust in God, and their vain reliance on the assistance of Egypt; and with promises of better times, both immediately to succeed, and to be expected in the future age. 26154-900313-1335 -Isa29.3 26155-900313-1336 -Isa29.4 26156-900313-1337 -Isa29.5 26157-900313-1337 -Isa29.6 26158-900313-1338 -Isa29.7 26159-900313-1339 -Isa29.8 26160-900313-1340 -Isa29.9 26161-900313-1341 -Isa29.10 26162-900313-1342 -Isa29.11 26163-900313-1342 -Isa29.12 26164-900313-1343 -Isa29.13 26165-900313-1344 -Isa29.14 26166-900313-1345 -Isa29.15 26167-900313-1346 -Isa29.16 26168-900313-1347 -Isa29.17 26169-900313-1348 -Isa29.18 26170-900313-1350 -Isa29.19 26171-900313-1351 -Isa29.20 26172-900313-1352 -Isa29.21 26173-900313-1354 -Isa29.22 26174-900313-1355 -Isa29.23 26175-900313-1355 -Isa29.24 26176-900313-1358 -Isa30.1 01 The prophet threatens the people for their confidence in Egypt 08 And contempt of God's word 18 God's mercies towards his church 27 God's wrath and the people's joy, in the destruction of Assyria 26177-900313-1359 -Isa30.2 26178-900313-1359 -Isa30.3 26179-900313-1400 -Isa30.4 26180-900313-1400 -Isa30.5 26181-900313-1402 -Isa30.6 distress and difficulty:' the same deserts are here spoken of which the Israelites passed through. 26182-900313-1403 -Isa30.7 26183-900313-1404 -Isa30.8 26184-900313-1406 -Isa30.9 26185-900313-1408 -Isa30.10 26186-900313-1408 -Isa30.11 26187-900313-1409 -Isa30.12 26188-900313-1410 -Isa30.13 26189-900313-1411 -Isa30.14 26190-900313-1412 -Isa30.15 26191-900313-1413 -Isa30.16 26192-900313-1415 -Isa30.17 26193-900313-1419 -Isa30.18 26194-900313-1421 -Isa30.19 26195-900313-1422 -Isa30.20 26196-900313-1423 -Isa30.21 26197-900313-1424 -Isa30.22 silver 26198-900313-1426 -Isa30.23 26199-900313-1427 -Isa30.24 26200-900313-1428 -Isa30.25 26201-900313-1429 -Isa30.26 26202-900313-1430 -Isa30.27 26203-900313-1433 -Isa30.28 of perdition;' that is, says Kimchi, nothing useful shall remain behind, but all shall come to nothing and perish. The van of the ancients was a large instrument, somewhat like a shovel, with a long handle, with which they tossed the corn mixed with the chaff and chopped straw into the air, that the wind might separate them. 26204-900313-1434 -Isa30.29 26205-900313-1436 -Isa30.30 26206-900313-1437 -Isa30.31 26207-900313-1438 -Isa30.32 26208-900313-1439 -Isa30.33 26209-900313-1441 -Isa31.1 01 The prophet shews the folly and danger of trusting to Egypt, and forsaking God 06 He exhorts to conversion 08 He shews the fall of Assyria 26210-900313-1442 -Isa31.2 26211-900313-1443 -Isa31.3 26212-900313-1444 -Isa31.4 26213-900313-1446 -Isa31.5 as the mother bird spreads her wings to cover her young, throws herself before them, and opposes the rapacious bird that assaults them; so shall Jehovah protect, as with a shield, Jerusalem from the enemy, protecting and delivering, springing forward and rescuing her. 26214-900313-1447 -Isa31.6 26215-900313-1448 -Isa31.7 26216-900313-1449 -Isa31.8 26217-900313-1450 -Isa31.9 shall pass away for fear. or, his strength 26218-900314-1521 -Isa32.1 01 The blessings of Christ's kingdom 09 Desolation is foreshewn 14 Restoration is promised to succeed 26219-900314-1522 -Isa32.2 26220-900314-1523 -Isa32.3 26221-900314-1524 -Isa32.4 26222-900314-1525 -Isa32.5 26223-900314-1526 -Isa32.6 26224-900314-1527 -Isa32.7 judgment 26225-900314-1528 -Isa32.8 26226-900314-1529 -Isa32.9 26227-900314-1530 -Isa32.10 26228-900314-1531 -Isa32.11 26229-900314-1531 -Isa32.12 26230-900314-1532 -Isa32.13 26231-900314-1533 -Isa32.14 26232-900314-1535 -Isa32.15 26233-900314-1536 -Isa32.16 26234-900314-1538 -Isa32.17 26235-900314-1539 -Isa32.18 26236-900314-1541 -Isa32.19 26237-900314-1542 -Isa32.20 26238-900321-0931 -Isa33.1 01 God's judgments against the enemies of the church 13 The consternation of sinners, and privileges of the godly 26239-900321-0932 -Isa33.2 26240-900321-0933 -Isa33.3 26241-900321-0934 -Isa33.4 26242-900321-0936 -Isa33.5 26243-900321-0938 -Isa33.6 26244-900321-0939 -Isa33.7 26245-900321-0941 -Isa33.8 26246-900321-0942 -Isa33.9 26247-900321-0942 -Isa33.10 26248-900321-0943 -Isa33.11 26249-900321-0944 -Isa33.12 26250-900321-0945 -Isa33.13 26251-900321-0946 -Isa33.14 26252-900321-0950 -Isa33.15 26253-900321-0951 -Isa33.16 26254-900321-0951 -Isa33.17 26255-900321-0954 -Isa33.18 26256-900321-0954 -Isa33.19 26257-900321-0955 -Isa33.20 26258-900321-0956 -Isa33.21 26259-900321-0957 -Isa33.22 26260-900321-0959 -Isa33.23 26261-900321-1000 -Isa33.24 26262-900321-1004 -Isa34.1 01 The judgments wherewith God revenges his church 11 The desolation of her enemies 16 The certainty of the prophecy form one distinct prophecy; an entire, regular, and beautiful poem, consisting of two parts; the first containing a denunciation of Divine vengeance against the enemies of the people or church of God' the second describing the flourishing state of that church consequent upon those judgments. The event foretold is represented as of the highest importance, and of universal concern; all nations are called upon to attend to the declaration of it; and the wrath of God is denounced against all the nations who had provoked to anger the Defender of the cause of Zion. By a figure frequently occurring in the prophetical writings, the cities and people mentioned here, who were remarkably distinguished as the enemies of the people of God are put for those enemies in general. 26263-900321-1006 -Isa34.2 26264-900321-1007 -Isa34.3 26265-900321-1008 -Isa34.4 26266-900321-1009 -Isa34.5 26267-900321-1012 -Isa34.6 26268-900321-1013 -Isa34.7 26269-900321-1015 -Isa34.8 26270-900321-1016 -Isa34.9 26271-900321-1017 -Isa34.10 26272-900321-1018 -Isa34.11 26273-900321-1018 -Isa34.12 26274-900321-1019 -Isa34.13 26275-900321-1020 -Isa34.14 the island. Heb. Ijim. screech owl. or, night-monster 26276-900321-1020 -Isa34.15 26277-900321-1021 -Isa34.16 26278-900321-1021 -Isa34.17 26279-900321-1023 -Isa35.1 01 The joyful flourishing of Christ's kingdom 03 The weak are encouraged by the virtues and privileges of the Gospel 26280-900321-1025 -Isa35.2 26281-900321-1025 -Isa35.3 26282-900321-1029 -Isa35.4 26283-900321-1030 -Isa35.5 26284-900321-1032 -Isa35.6 26285-900321-1033 -Isa35.7 26286-900321-1035 -Isa35.8 26287-900321-1036 -Isa35.9 26288-900321-1037 -Isa35.10 26289-900326-1027 -Isa36.1 01 Sennacherib invades Judah 02 Rebshakeh, sent by Sennacherib, by blasphemous persuasions solicits the people to revolt 22 His words are told to Hezekiah 26290-900326-1027 -Isa36.2 26291-900326-1028 -Isa36.3 26292-900326-1032 -Isa36.4 Armenia on the north, Media and Persia on the east, Babylonia on the south, and the Tigris, which divides it from Mesopotamia, on the west, between 33 and 38 degrees north lat. and 42 and 46 degrees east long. But the Assyrian empire, the bounds of which were different at different times, in its most flourishing state, according to the descriptions of the Greek and Roman writers, comprehended all the countries and nations between the Mediterranean on the west, and the Indus on the east, and between the deserts of Scythia on the north, and the Indian ocean on the south 26293-900326-1033 -Isa36.5 for war. or, but counsel and strength are for the war 26294-900326-1033 -Isa36.6 26295-900326-1034 -Isa36.7 26296-900326-1036 -Isa36.8 26297-900326-1037 -Isa36.9 26298-900326-1037 -Isa36.10 26299-900326-1038 -Isa36.11 26300-900326-1039 -Isa36.12 26301-900326-1041 -Isa36.13 26302-900326-1042 -Isa36.14 26303-900326-1042 -Isa36.15 26304-900326-1043 -Isa36.16 a present. Heb. make with me a blessing 26305-900326-1044 -Isa36.17 26306-900326-1045 -Isa36.18 26307-900326-1049 -Isa36.19 translation. capital of the Saspires, who, according to Herodotus, were the only people that inhabited between the Colchians and Medes; and probably the Sarapases, whom Strabo places in Armenia. Hiller considers the name as denoting Sephar of the Parvaim, i.e. Mount Sephar adjacent to the regions of Arabia called Parvaim. But it is more probable, as Wells and others suppose, that Sepharvaim if the Sipphara, of Ptolemy, the city of the Sippareni, mentioned by Abydenus, and probably the Hipparenum of Pliny, a city of Mesopotamia, situated upon the Euphrates, near where it is divided into two arms, by one of which, it is probable, it was divided into two parts. 26308-900326-1050 -Isa36.20 26309-900326-1052 -Isa36.21 26310-900326-1057 -Isa36.22 Lowth, and the miraculous destruction of his army, which makes the subject of so many of Isaiah's prophecies, is very properly inserted here, as affording the best light to many parts of these prophecies; and as almost necessary to introduce the prophecy in the 37th chapter, being the answer of God to Hezekiah's prayer, which could not be properly understood without it. Sennacherib succeeded his father Shalmaneser on the throne of Assyria, A.M. 3290, B.C. 714, and reigned only about eight years. 26311-900326-1100 -Isa37.1 01 Hezekiah mourning, sends to Isaiah to pray for them 06 Isiah comforts them 08 Sennacherib, going to encounter Tirhakah, sends a blasphemous letter to Hezekiah 14 Hezekiah's prayer 21 Isaiah's prophecy of the pride and destruction of Sennacherib, and the good of Zion 36 An angel slays the Assyrians 37 Sennacherib is slain at Niveveh by his own sons. 26312-900326-1100 -Isa37.2 26313-900326-1101 -Isa37.3 26314-900326-1103 -Isa37.4 26315-900326-1103 -Isa37.5 26316-900326-1104 -Isa37.6 26317-900326-1108 -Isa37.7 26318-900326-1108 -Isa37.8 26319-900402-0845 -Isa37.9 applied in Scripture to at least three distinct and different countries. 1. The country watered by the Gihon or Araxes, Ge 2.13, also called Cuth, 2Ki 17.30. 2.A country of Arabia Petraea, bordering upon Egypt, which extended from the northern extremity of the Red sea along its eastern shore. 3. Ethiopia Proper, an extensive country of Africa, comprehending Nubia and Abyssinia; being bounded on the north by Egypt, on the east by the Red Sea and Indian Ocean, and on the south and west by various nations of Africa, and extending from about 6 degrees to 24 degrees n. lat. and 25 to 45 east long. It is probable that it was this latter Cush, or Ethiopia, of which Tirhakah was king; he being in league with his kinsman Sevechus, son of So, or Sabacon, king of Egypt, against Sennacherib, the king of Assyria. 26320-900402-0846 -Isa37.10 26321-900402-0846 -Isa37.11 26322-900402-0850 -Isa37.12 situated in the north-west part of Mesopotamia, between the Euphrates and the river Chebar; about 110 miles west of Nisibis, 90 east of Bir, 100 south of Diarbekir, and 170 north of Palmyra. Diarbekir, on the Tigris, called Madon, according to Asseman. Jerusalem Targum reads; for both of which the Syriac has Dolassar; and perhaps, as Doederlein supposes, the same as Sharra, a city of Mesopotamia, half a mile from the Euphrates. 26323-900402-0853 -Isa37.13 Mesopotamia, situated on an island in the Euphrates. Ivah. 26324-900402-0854 -Isa37.14 26325-900402-0854 -Isa37.15 26326-900402-0856 -Isa37.16 26327-900402-0856 -Isa37.17 26328-900402-0857 -Isa37.18 26329-900402-0858 -Isa37.19 26330-900402-0859 -Isa37.20 26331-900402-0859 -Isa37.21 26332-900402-0901 -Isa37.22 26333-900402-0902 -Isa37.23 26334-900402-0904 -Isa37.24 tallness of the cedars thereof and the choice of the fir trees thereof 26335-900402-0904 -Isa37.25 26336-900402-0905 -Isa37.26 of ancient times? Should I now bring it to be laid waste, and defenced cities to be ruinous heaps? how I 26337-900402-0906 -Isa37.27 26338-900402-0907 -Isa37.28 26339-900402-0910 -Isa37.29 26340-900402-0911 -Isa37.30 26341-900402-0913 -Isa37.31 of the house of Judah that remaineth. 26342-900402-0913 -Isa37.32 26343-900402-0914 -Isa37.33 26344-900402-0914 -Isa37.34 26345-900402-0916 -Isa37.35 26346-900402-0917 -Isa37.36 26347-900402-0918 -Isa37.37 26348-900402-0921 -Isa37.38 Ptolemy, was the third son of Sennacherib; and having reigned twenty-nine years over the Assyrians, he took advantage of the anarchy and confusion which followed the death of Mesessimordacus, and seized upon Babylon; which he added to his former empire, and reigned over both for thirteen years; when he was succeeded by his son Saosduchinus, A.M. 3336, B.C. 668. 26349-900402-0923 -Isa38.1 01 Hezekiah, having received a message of death, by prayer has his life lengthened 08 The sun goes ten degrees backward, for a sign of that promise 09 His song of thanksgiving. house 26350-900402-0924 -Isa38.2 which is the place of honour in the East; in which, turning on either side, he must turn his face to the wall; by which he would withdraw himself from those attending him in his apartment. 26351-900402-0926 -Isa38.3 26352-900402-0926 -Isa38.4 26353-900402-0927 -Isa38.5 26354-900402-0928 -Isa38.6 26355-900402-0928 -Isa38.7 26356-900402-0934 -Isa38.8 the Hebrew might be rendered, 'the steps of Ahaz'. The researches of curious travellers in Hindostan, observes Bp. Stock, have lately discovered in that country, three observatories of similar form, the most remarkable of which is to be seen with four miles of Delhi, the ancient capital of the Mogul empire. A rectangled triangle, whose hypotenuse is a staircase, (apparently parallel to the axis of the earth,) bisects a zone, or coping of a wall, which wall connects the two terminating towers at right and left. The coping itself is of a circular form, and accurately graduated, to mark, by the gnomon above, the sun's progress before and after noon. 26357-900402-0940 -Isa38.9 Divine direction, after his recovery. He might have used some of the Psalms of David his father, as he had appointed the Levites to praise the Lord with the words of David, but the occasion here was extraordinary. His heart being full of devout affections, he would not confine himself to the compositions he had, though of Divine inspiration, but offered up his praises in his own words. The Lord put a new song into his mouth. He put his thanksgiving into writing, that he might review it himself afterwards for the reviving of the good impressions made upon him by the providential interference, and that it might be recommended to others also for their use upon the like occasion. 26358-900402-0940 -Isa38.10 26359-900402-0941 -Isa38.11 26360-900402-0941 -Isa38.12 26361-900402-0942 -Isa38.13 26362-900402-0943 -Isa38.14 26363-900402-0944 -Isa38.15 26364-900402-0944 -Isa38.16 26365-900402-0946 -Isa38.17 bitterness soul from the pit. 26366-900402-0946 -Isa38.18 26367-900402-0947 -Isa38.19 26368-900402-0948 -Isa38.20 26369-900402-0948 -Isa38.21 26370-900402-0949 -Isa38.22 26371-900402-0950 -Isa39.1 01 Merodach-baladan, sending to visit Hezekiah because of the wonder, has notice of his treasures. 03 Isaiah, understanding thereof, foretells the Babylonian captivity. 26372-900402-0951 -Isa39.2 26373-900402-0952 -Isa39.3 26374-900402-0953 -Isa39.4 26375-900402-0953 -Isa39.5 26376-900402-0954 -Isa39.6 26377-900402-0954 -Isa39.7 26378-900402-0955 -Isa39.8 26379-900402-0957 -Isa40.1 01 The promulgation of the Gospel 03 The preaching of John Baptist 09 The preaching of the apostles 12 The prophet, by the omnipotency of God 18 And his incomparableness 26 Comforts the people. 26380-900402-0959 -Isa40.2 26381-900402-1000 -Isa40.3 26382-900402-1001 -Isa40.4 26383-900402-1002 -Isa40.5 26384-900402-1004 -Isa40.6 26385-900402-1005 -Isa40.7 26386-900402-1006 -Isa40.8 26387-900402-1008 -Isa40.9 good tidings to Zion tellest good tidings to Jerusalem. 26388-900402-1013 -Isa40.10 26389-900402-1017 -Isa40.11 expressive of the tender attention of the shepherd to his flock. That the greatest care in driving the cattle, in regard to the dams and their young, was necessary, appears clearly from Jacob's apology to his brother Esau, which is set in a still stronger light by the following remarks of Sir J. Chardin: "Their flocks feed down the places of their encampments so quick, by the great numbers that they have, that they are obliged to remove them often, which is very destructive to their flocks, on account of the young ones, who have not strength enough to follow." 26390-900402-1018 -Isa40.12 26391-900402-1018 -Isa40.13 26392-900402-1019 -Isa40.14 understandings. 26393-900402-1020 -Isa40.15 26394-900402-1021 -Isa40.16 26395-900402-1021 -Isa40.17 26396-900402-1023 -Isa40.18 26397-900402-1024 -Isa40.19 26398-900402-1025 -Isa40.20 oblation. chooseth 26399-900402-1025 -Isa40.21 26400-900402-1048 -Isa40.22 he illustrates by the following passage from Dr. Shaw. "It is usual in the summer season, and upon all occasions when a large company is to be received, to have the court sheltered from heat or inclemency of the weather by a velum, umbrealla, or veil, as I shall call it; which, being expanded on ropes from one end of the parapet to the other, may be folded or unfolded at pleasure. The Psalmist seems to allude to some covering of this kind, in that beautiful expression of spreading out the heavens as a curtain". 26401-900402-1048 -Isa40.23 26402-900402-1108 -Isa40.24 26403-900402-1108 -Isa40.25 26404-900402-1110 -Isa40.26 26405-900402-1111 -Isa40.27 26406-900402-1113 -Isa40.28 26407-900402-1113 -Isa40.29 26408-900402-1114 -Isa40.30 26409-900402-1116 -Isa40.31 26410-900402-1117 -Isa41.1 01 God expostulates with his people, about his mercies to the church. 10 About his promises 21 And about the vanity of idols. 26411-900402-1119 -Isa41.2 26412-900402-1119 -Isa41.3 26413-900402-1120 -Isa41.4 26414-900402-1121 -Isa41.5 26415-900402-1122 -Isa41.6 26416-900402-1123 -Isa41.7 solder, It is good that it. 26417-900402-1124 -Isa41.8 26418-900402-1125 -Isa41.9 26419-900402-1126 -Isa41.10 26420-900402-1128 -Isa41.11 26421-900402-1129 -Isa41.12 they that war against thee. Heb. the men of thy war. 26422-900402-1129 -Isa41.13 26423-900402-1131 -Isa41.14 26424-900402-1132 -Isa41.15 26425-900402-1133 -Isa41.16 26426-900402-1135 -Isa41.17 26427-900402-1136 -Isa41.18 26428-900402-1137 -Isa41.19 26429-900402-1138 -Isa41.20 26430-900402-1139 -Isa41.21 26431-900402-1139 -Isa41.22 26432-900402-1140 -Isa41.23 26433-900402-1141 -Isa41.24 of a viper. an abomination 26434-900402-1144 -Isa41.25 the victories of Cyrus over the Chaldeans and their allies, at least 150 years before the event, as one instance of his foreknowledge and invincible power. Media lay north of Babylon, and Persia eastward; and Cyrus commanded the forces of both these nations; and, by his wonderful success, he trampled down mighty monarchs as mortar, and as the potter treads the clay. 26435-900402-1145 -Isa41.26 26436-900402-1146 -Isa41.27 26437-900402-1146 -Isa41.28 26438-900402-1147 -Isa41.29 26439-900404-0642 -Isa42.1 01 The office of Christ, graced with meekness and constancy. 05 God's promise unto him. 10 An exhortation to praise God for his Gospel 13 God will manifest himself, and check idolatry 18 He reproves the people of incredulity. 26440-900404-0642 -Isa42.2 26441-900404-0644 -Isa42.3 26442-900404-0645 -Isa42.4 26443-900404-0647 -Isa42.5 26444-900404-0648 -Isa42.6 26445-900404-0649 -Isa42.7 26446-900404-0651 -Isa42.8 26447-900404-0652 -Isa42.9 26448-900404-0654 -Isa42.10 26449-900404-0654 -Isa42.11 26450-900404-0655 -Isa42.12 26451-900404-0657 -Isa42.13 26452-900404-0657 -Isa42.14 26453-900404-0658 -Isa42.15 26454-900404-0700 -Isa42.16 26455-900404-0700 -Isa42.17 26456-900404-0701 -Isa42.18 26457-900404-0702 -Isa42.19 26458-900404-0703 -Isa42.20 26459-900404-0704 -Isa42.21 26460-900404-0705 -Isa42.22 of them 26461-900404-0706 -Isa42.23 26462-900404-0708 -Isa42.24 26463-900404-0709 -Isa42.25 26464-900404-0712 -Isa43.1 01 The Lord comforts the church with his promises. 08 He appeals to the people for witness of his omnipotency 14 He foretells them the destruction of Babylon 18 And his wonderful deliverance of his people 22 He reproves the people as inexcusable 26465-900404-0714 -Isa43.2 26466-900404-0715 -Isa43.3 26467-900404-0716 -Isa43.4 26468-900404-0718 -Isa43.5 26469-900404-0719 -Isa43.6 26470-900404-0720 -Isa43.7 26471-900404-0720 -Isa43.8 26472-900404-0721 -Isa43.9 26473-900404-0722 -Isa43.10 26474-900404-0723 -Isa43.11 26475-900404-0724 -Isa43.12 26476-900404-0725 -Isa43.13 26477-900404-0726 -Isa43.14 26478-900404-0727 -Isa43.15 26479-900404-0753 -Isa43.16 26480-900404-0756 -Isa43.17 26481-900404-0757 -Isa43.18 26482-900404-0758 -Isa43.19 26483-900404-0759 -Isa43.20 26484-900404-0800 -Isa43.21 26485-900404-0802 -Isa43.22 26486-900404-0803 -Isa43.23 26487-900404-0804 -Isa43.24 26488-900404-0805 -Isa43.25 26489-900404-0807 -Isa43.26 26490-900404-0808 -Isa43.27 26491-900404-0811 -Isa43.28 26492-900404-0812 -Isa44.1 01 God comforts the church with his promises 07 The vanity of idols 09 And folly of idol makers 21 He exhorts to praise God for his redemption and omnipotency 26493-900404-0814 -Isa44.2 26494-900404-0815 -Isa44.3 26495-900404-0816 -Isa44.4 26496-900404-0817 -Isa44.5 26497-900404-0819 -Isa44.6 26498-900404-0820 -Isa44.7 26499-900404-0822 -Isa44.8 26500-900404-0824 -Isa44.9 26501-900404-0824 -Isa44.10 26502-900404-0825 -Isa44.11 26503-900404-0826 -Isa44.12 26504-900404-0826 -Isa44.13 26505-900404-0827 -Isa44.14 26506-900404-0828 -Isa44.15 26507-900404-0828 -Isa44.16 26508-900404-0828 -Isa44.17 26509-900404-0830 -Isa44.18 26510-900404-0831 -Isa44.19 26511-900404-0832 -Isa44.20 26512-900404-0833 -Isa44.21 26513-900404-0834 -Isa44.22 26514-900404-0835 -Isa44.23 26515-900404-0836 -Isa44.24 26516-900404-0838 -Isa44.25 26517-900404-0840 -Isa44.26 26518-900404-0840 -Isa44.27 26519-900404-0841 -Isa44.28 26520-900404-0845 -Isa45.1 01 God calls Cyrus for his church's sake 05 By his omnipotency he challenges obedience 20 He convinces the idols of vanity by his saving power the river, were secured by two leaved brazen gates, and these were providentially left open when Cyrus's forces entered the city in the night, through the channel of the river, in the general disorder occasioned by the great feast which was then celebrated; otherwise, says Herodotus, the Persians would have been shut up in the bed of the river, as in a net, and all destroyed. The gates of the palace were also imprudently opened to ascertain the occasion of the tumult; when the two parties under Gobrias and Gadatas rushed in, got possession of the palace, and slew the king. 26521-900404-0852 -Isa45.2 26522-900404-0854 -Isa45.3 26523-900404-0856 -Isa45.4 26524-900404-0857 -Isa45.5 26525-900404-0857 -Isa45.6 26526-900405-1022 -Isa45.7 26527-900405-1024 -Isa45.8 26528-900405-1025 -Isa45.9 26529-900405-1026 -Isa45.10 26530-900405-1028 -Isa45.11 26531-900405-1028 -Isa45.12 26532-900405-1030 -Isa45.13 26533-900405-1032 -Isa45.14 appearance is particularly remarked by Agatharchides, an ancient Greek historian quoted by Bochart. 26534-900405-1033 -Isa45.15 26535-900405-1034 -Isa45.16 26536-900405-1035 -Isa45.17 26537-900405-1036 -Isa45.18 26538-900405-1038 -Isa45.19 26539-900405-1039 -Isa45.20 26540-900405-1040 -Isa45.21 26541-900405-1041 -Isa45.22 26542-900405-1042 -Isa45.23 26543-900405-1044 -Isa45.24 righteousness and strength. 26544-900405-1047 -Isa45.25 26545-900405-1050 -Isa46.1 01 The idols of Babylon could not save themselves 03 God saves his people to the end 05 Idols are not comparable to God for power 12 Or present salvation. same as Baal; and Nebo is interpreted by Castell and Norberg of Mercury; the two principal idols of Babylon. When that city was taken by the Persians, these images were carried in triumph. 26546-900405-1051 -Isa46.2 26547-900405-1052 -Isa46.3 26548-900405-1052 -Isa46.4 26549-900405-1053 -Isa46.5 26550-900405-1054 -Isa46.6 26551-900405-1055 -Isa46.7 26552-900405-1056 -Isa46.8 26553-900405-1057 -Isa46.9 26554-900405-1058 -Isa46.10 26555-900405-1100 -Isa46.11 Cyrus, says Bp. Lowth, as in other respects, so particularly because the ensign of Cyrus was a golden eagle. 26556-900405-1101 -Isa46.12 26557-900405-1102 -Isa46.13 26558-900405-1105 -Isa47.1 01 God's judgment upon Babylon and Chaldea 06 For their unmercifulness 07 Pride 10 And overboldness 11 Shall be irrestistible 26559-900405-1106 -Isa47.2 26560-900405-1107 -Isa47.3 26561-900405-1107 -Isa47.4 26562-900405-1110 -Isa47.5 lady of kingdoms,' the metropolis of a great empire, and mistress of all the East, it became subject to the Persians; and the imperial seat being removed to Susa, instead of having a king, it had only a deputy residing there, who governed it as a province of the Persian empire. 26563-900405-1111 -Isa47.6 26564-900405-1112 -Isa47.7 26565-900405-1113 -Isa47.8 26566-900405-1114 -Isa47.9 26567-900405-1115 -Isa47.10 26568-900405-1116 -Isa47.11 26569-900405-1118 -Isa47.12 26570-900405-1119 -Isa47.13 monthly prognosticators. Heb. that gave knowledge concerning the months. 26571-900405-1120 -Isa47.14 26572-900405-1122 -Isa47.15 concourse of people, whom Jeremiah calls 'the mingled people'. All these, at the approach of Cyrus, sought to escape to their several countries. 26573-900413-0506 -Isa48.1 01 God, to convince the people of their foreknown obstinancy, revealed his prophecies 09 He saves them for his own sake 12 He exhorts them to obedience, because of his power and providence 16 He laments their backwardness 20 He powerfully delivers his people out of Babylon 26574-900413-0508 -Isa48.2 26575-900413-0508 -Isa48.3 26576-900413-0510 -Isa48.4 26577-900413-0511 -Isa48.5 26578-900413-0512 -Isa48.6 26579-900413-0512 -Isa48.7 26580-900413-0515 -Isa48.8 26581-900413-0516 -Isa48.9 26582-900413-0517 -Isa48.10 26583-900413-0519 -Isa48.11 26584-900413-0520 -Isa48.12 servant' 26585-900413-0521 -Isa48.13 spread out. 26586-900413-0523 -Isa48.14 and two editions have bachem, 'among you'. The Lord. Rather, "He whom the Lord hath loved, will execute his will on Babylon;" that is, Cyrus. 26587-900413-0524 -Isa48.15 26588-900413-0524 -Isa48.16 26589-900413-0526 -Isa48.17 26590-900413-0527 -Isa48.18 26591-900413-0528 -Isa48.19 26592-900413-0529 -Isa48.20 26593-900413-0530 -Isa48.21 26594-900413-0531 -Isa48.22 26595-900413-0533 -Isa49.1 01 Christ being sent to the Jews, complains of them 05 He is sent to the Gentiles with gracious promises 13 God's love is perpetual to his church 18 The ample restoration of the church 24 The powerful deliverance out of captivity 26596-900413-0536 -Isa49.2 efficacious word which is before represented by the sharp sword. The doctrine of the gospel pierced the hearts of its hearers, 'bringing into captivity every thought to the obedience of Christ.' 26597-900413-0538 -Isa49.3 26598-900413-0539 -Isa49.4 26599-900413-0540 -Isa49.5 may, etc. Israel 26600-900413-0541 -Isa49.6 26601-900413-0544 -Isa49.7 soul 26602-900413-0546 -Isa49.8 26603-900413-0548 -Isa49.9 26604-900413-0549 -Isa49.10 26605-900413-0549 -Isa49.11 26606-900413-0551 -Isa49.12 26607-900413-0552 -Isa49.13 26608-900413-0553 -Isa49.14 26609-900413-0554 -Isa49.15 compassion. they may. 26610-900413-0554 -Isa49.16 26611-900413-0556 -Isa49.17 shall make haste;' those appointed to build the city and walls of Zion, shall speedily begin and accomplish the work. Thy destroyers. 26612-900413-0558 -Isa49.18 26613-900413-0559 -Isa49.19 26614-900413-0600 -Isa49.20 26615-900413-0601 -Isa49.21 26616-900413-0603 -Isa49.22 26617-900413-0607 -Isa49.23 as well as Alexander the Great, and his successors, particularly Demetrius, conferred many privileges and immunities on the Jewish people, and were munificent benefactors to their temple. But the prophecy was more remarkably and fully fulfilled in the favour which Constantine the Great, and other Christian princes and princesses from his time to the present day, have shewn to the church of Christ; though it cannot be disputed, that the grand and signal accomplishment of these predictions is yet future. 26618-900413-0608 -Isa49.24 26619-900413-0610 -Isa49.25 26620-900413-0611 -Isa49.26 26621-900413-0615 -Isa50.1 01 Christ shews that the dereliction of the Jews is not to be imputed to him, by his ability to save 05 By his obedience in that work 07 And by his confidence in that assistance 10 An exhortation to trust in God, and not in ourselves wives on slight occasions; and fathers, oppressed with debt, sold their cildren till the year of release. But this, saith God, cannot be my case: I am not governed by any such motives, nor am I urged by any such necessity. Your captivity and afflictions are the fruits of your own folly and wickedness. For your iniquities. 26622-900413-0616 -Isa50.2 26623-900413-0616 -Isa50.3 26624-900413-0617 -Isa50.4 26625-900413-0618 -Isa50.5 26626-900413-0623 -Isa50.6 veneration; and to pluck a man's beard is one of the grossest indignities that can be offered. D'Arvieux gives a remarkable instance of an Arab, who, having received a wound in his jaw, chose to hazard his life rather than suffer the surgeon to cut off his beard. Throughout the East it is highly offensive to spit in any one's presence; and if this is such an indignity, how much more spitting in the face? 26627-900413-0623 -Isa50.7 26628-900413-0624 -Isa50.8 26629-900413-0625 -Isa50.9 26630-900413-0626 -Isa50.10 26631-900413-0627 -Isa50.11 26632-900413-0641 -Isa51.1 01 An exhortation after the pattern of Abraham, to trust in Christ 03 By reason of his comfortable promises, 04 Of his righteous salvation 07 And man's mortality 09 Christ by his sanctified arm defends his from the fear of man 17 He bewails the afflictions of Jerusalem 21 And promises deliverance 26633-900413-0642 -Isa51.2 26634-900413-0643 -Isa51.3 26635-900413-0644 -Isa51.4 26636-900413-0647 -Isa51.5 26637-900413-0705 -Isa51.6 26638-900413-0706 -Isa51.7 26639-900413-0706 -Isa51.8 26640-900413-0708 -Isa51.9 26641-900413-0708 -Isa51.10 26642-900413-0710 -Isa51.11 26643-900413-0711 -Isa51.12 26644-900413-0713 -Isa51.13 26645-900413-0714 -Isa51.14 26646-900413-0714 -Isa51.15 26647-900413-0716 -Isa51.16 26648-900413-0718 -Isa51.17 26649-900413-0720 -Isa51.18 26650-900413-0721 -Isa51.19 26651-900413-0722 -Isa51.20 26652-900413-0722 -Isa51.21 26653-900413-0723 -Isa51.22 26654-900413-0724 -Isa51.23 26655-900413-0726 -Isa52.1 01 Christ persuades the church to believe his free redemption 07 To receive the ministers thereof 09 To joy in the power thereof 11 And to free themselves from bondage 13 Christ's kingdom shall be exalted 26656-900413-0728 -Isa52.2 floor, with the legs crossed; and when sitting is spoken of as a posture of more than ordinary state, it means sitting on high, on a chair of state, or throne. loose 26657-900413-0757 -Isa52.3 26658-900413-0758 -Isa52.4 26659-900413-0758 -Isa52.5 26660-900413-0759 -Isa52.6 26661-900413-0801 -Isa52.7 welcome is his arrival! how agreeable are the tidings which he brings! 26662-900413-0803 -Isa52.8 26663-900413-0803 -Isa52.9 26664-900413-0804 -Isa52.10 26665-900413-0806 -Isa52.11 26666-900413-0807 -Isa52.12 26667-900413-0808 -Isa52.13 26668-900413-0809 -Isa52.14 26669-900413-0810 -Isa52.15 26670-900413-0812 -Isa53.1 01 The prophet, complaining of incredulity, excuses the scandal of the cross 04 By the benefit of his passion 10 And the good success thereof 26671-900413-0816 -Isa53.2 26672-900413-0818 -Isa53.3 his face from us. Heb. as a hiding of faces from him or from us. We esteemed. 26673-900413-0819 -Isa53.4 26674-900413-0820 -Isa53.5 26675-900413-0821 -Isa53.6 of us all to meet on him 26676-900413-0822 -Isa53.7 26677-900413-0824 -Isa53.8 26678-900413-0824 -Isa53.9 26679-900413-0827 -Isa53.10 26680-900413-0829 -Isa53.11 26681-900413-0832 -Isa53.12 26682-900413-0834 -Isa54.1 01 The prophet, for the comfort of the Gentiles, prophesies the amplitude of their church 04 Their safety 06 Their certain deliverance out of affliction 11 Their fair edification 15 And their sure preservation 26683-900413-0834 -Isa54.2 26684-900413-0835 -Isa54.3 26685-900413-0836 -Isa54.4 26686-900413-0837 -Isa54.5 26687-900413-0838 -Isa54.6 26688-900413-0839 -Isa54.7 26689-900413-0840 -Isa54.8 26690-900413-0840 -Isa54.9 26691-900413-0841 -Isa54.10 26692-900413-0843 -Isa54.11 26693-900413-0844 -Isa54.12 26694-900413-0845 -Isa54.13 26695-900413-0847 -Isa54.14 26696-900413-0847 -Isa54.15 26697-900413-0848 -Isa54.16 26698-900413-0850 -Isa54.17 26699-900413-0852 -Isa55.1 01 The prophet, with the promises of Christ, calls to faith 06 And to repentance 08 The happy success of them that believe 26700-900413-0854 -Isa55.2 26701-900413-0855 -Isa55.3 26702-900413-0856 -Isa55.4 26703-900413-0857 -Isa55.5 26704-900413-0858 -Isa55.6 26705-900413-0901 -Isa55.7 26706-900413-0902 -Isa55.8 26707-900413-0902 -Isa55.9 26708-900413-0903 -Isa55.10 26709-900413-0904 -Isa55.11 26710-900413-0907 -Isa55.12 26711-900413-0909 -Isa55.13 26712-900413-0910 -Isa56.1 01 The prophet exhorts to sanctification 03 He promises it shall be general, without respect of persons 09 He inveighs against blind watchmen 26713-900413-0912 -Isa56.2 26714-900413-0913 -Isa56.3 26715-900413-0914 -Isa56.4 26716-900413-0915 -Isa56.5 26717-900413-0916 -Isa56.6 26718-900413-0917 -Isa56.7 26719-900413-0919 -Isa56.8 26720-900413-0919 -Isa56.9 26721-900413-0921 -Isa56.10 26722-900413-0923 -Isa56.11 know not to be satisfied 26723-900413-0924 -Isa56.12 26724-900413-1024 -Isa57.1 01 The blessed death of the righteous 03 God reproves the Jews for their whorish idolatry 13 He gives promises of mercy to the penitent 26725-900413-1025 -Isa57.2 26726-900413-1026 -Isa57.3 26727-900413-1029 -Isa57.4 26728-900413-1031 -Isa57.5 26729-900413-1031 -Isa57.6 26730-900413-1036 -Isa57.7 26731-900413-1037 -Isa57.8 larger than theirs. thou lovedst 26732-900413-1038 -Isa57.9 26733-900413-1039 -Isa57.10 26734-900413-1040 -Isa57.11 26735-900413-1043 -Isa57.12 26736-900413-1044 -Isa57.13 26737-900413-1045 -Isa57.14 26738-900413-1047 -Isa57.15 26739-900413-1048 -Isa57.16 26740-900413-1049 -Isa57.17 26741-900413-1050 -Isa57.18 26742-900413-1053 -Isa57.19 fruit of the lips.' God creates this fruit of the lips, by giving new subject and cause of thanksgiving by His mercies conferred on His people. The great subject of thanksgiving is peace, reconciliation and pardon offered to them that are nigh, and to them that are afar off; not only to the Jew, but also to the Gentile. the fruit 26743-900413-1053 -Isa57.20 26744-900413-1054 -Isa57.21 26745-900413-1056 -Isa58.1 01 The prophet, being sent to reprove hypocrisy, shews the difference between a counterfeit fast and a true 08 He declares what promises are due unto godliness 13 And to the keeping of the sabbath 26746-900413-1057 -Isa58.2 26747-900413-1058 -Isa58.3 26748-900413-1059 -Isa58.4 make 26749-900413-1101 -Isa58.5 for a day 26750-900413-1101 -Isa58.6 broken. ye break 26751-900413-1104 -Isa58.7 26752-900413-1105 -Isa58.8 26753-900413-1106 -Isa58.9 26754-900413-1108 -Isa58.10 which is adopted by Bp. Lowth; but 'to draw out the soul' in relieving the poor, probably means to do it not of constraint, but cheerfully. then 26755-900413-1110 -Isa58.11 26756-900413-1110 -Isa58.12 26757-900413-1111 -Isa58.13 26758-900413-1112 -Isa58.14 26759-900413-1113 -Isa59.1 01 The calamities of the Jews not owing to want of saving power in God, but to their own enormous sins 16 Salvation is only of God 20 The covenant of the Redeemer 26760-900413-1114 -Isa59.2 26761-900413-1115 -Isa59.3 26762-900413-1116 -Isa59.4 26763-900413-1116 -Isa59.5 brake out a viper 26764-900413-1117 -Isa59.6 26765-900413-1118 -Isa59.7 26766-900413-1119 -Isa59.8 26767-900413-1120 -Isa59.9 26768-900413-1121 -Isa59.10 26769-900413-1121 -Isa59.11 26770-900413-1123 -Isa59.12 26771-900413-1124 -Isa59.13 26772-900413-1125 -Isa59.14 26773-900413-1127 -Isa59.15 26774-900413-1127 -Isa59.16 26775-900413-1128 -Isa59.17 26776-900413-1130 -Isa59.18 26777-900413-1132 -Isa59.19 If say they, ye see a generation which endured much tribulation, then expect Him, according to what is written, 'When the enemy shall come in like a flood'. The enemy 26778-900413-1133 -Isa59.20 26779-900413-1134 -Isa59.21 26780-900416-0910 -Isa60.1 01 The glory of the church in the abundant access of the Gentiles. 15 And the great blessings after a short affliction light cometh 26781-900416-0911 -Isa60.2 26782-900416-0913 -Isa60.3 26783-900416-0913 -Isa60.4 26784-900416-0916 -Isa60.5 of the sea shall be turned towards thee 26785-900416-0917 -Isa60.6 26786-900416-0918 -Isa60.7 26787-900416-0918 -Isa60.8 26788-900416-0921 -Isa60.9 26789-900416-0924 -Isa60.10 26790-900416-0927 -Isa60.11 great increase and flourishing state of the church of God, by the conversion and accession of the heathen nations to it; which is set forth in such ample and exalted terms, as plainly shew that the full completion of this prophecy is reserved for future times. This subject is displayed in the most splendid colours, under a great variety of images highly poetical, designed to give a general idea of the glories of that perfect state of the church of God, which we are taught to expect in the latter times; when the fulness of the Gentiles shall come in, and the Jews shall be converted and gathered from their dispersions, and 'the kingdom of this world shall become the kingdom of our Lord and of His Christ'. thy gates 26791-900416-0928 -Isa60.12 26792-900416-0931 -Isa60.13 Lebanon beautified Solomon's temple, that footstool of Jehovah; so shall the peculiar advantages of every nation, and of every description of men, concur to beautify the church of Christ, which He has determined to make glorious. The language then becomes more energetic, and the images employed more grand and magnificent; and nothing can answer to the glorious description but some future exalted state of the church on earth, or the church triumphant in heaven; though several expressions seem to limit it to the church below. 26793-900416-0931 -Isa60.14 26794-900416-0933 -Isa60.15 26795-900416-0933 -Isa60.16 26796-900416-0934 -Isa60.17 26797-900416-0934 -Isa60.18 26798-900416-0935 -Isa60.19 26799-900416-0936 -Isa60.20 26800-900416-0937 -Isa60.21 26801-900416-0938 -Isa60.22 26802-900416-0944 -Isa61.1 01 The office of Christ 04 The forwardness 07 And blessing of the faithful and the year of acceptance with Jehovah, is a manifest allusion to the proclaiming of the year of the jubilee by sound of trumpet; and our Saviour, by applying this text to himself, plainly declares the typical design of that institution. 26803-900416-0945 -Isa61.2 26804-900416-0946 -Isa61.3 26805-900416-0947 -Isa61.4 26806-900416-0947 -Isa61.5 26807-900416-0948 -Isa61.6 26808-900416-0949 -Isa61.7 26809-900416-0950 -Isa61.8 26810-900416-0951 -Isa61.9 26811-900416-0953 -Isa61.10 26812-900416-0954 -Isa61.11 26813-900416-0956 -Isa62.1 01 The fervent desire of the prophet to confirm the church in God's promises. 06 The office of the ministers (unto which they are incited) in preaching the Gospel 10 And preparing the people thereto 26814-900416-0957 -Isa62.2 26815-900416-0957 -Isa62.3 26816-900416-0958 -Isa62.4 26817-900416-0959 -Isa62.5 bridegroom 26818-900416-1001 -Isa62.6 26819-900416-1002 -Isa62.7 26820-900416-1002 -Isa62.8 26821-900416-1003 -Isa62.9 26822-900416-1004 -Isa62.10 26823-900416-1004 -Isa62.11 26824-900416-1006 -Isa62.12 26825-900416-1009 -Isa63.1 01 Christ shews who he is 02 What his victory over his enemies 07 And what his mercy toward his church 10 In his just wrath he remembers his free mercy 15 The church, in her prayer 17 And complaint, professes her faith 26826-900416-1009 -Isa63.2 26827-900416-1013 -Isa63.3 the first six verses of this chapter seems in a manner detached from the rest, and to stand by itself; containing a prophetical respresentation of the victories of the Messiah over the enemies of his church, here designated by the names of Edom and Bozrah. Though, as Bp. Lowth observes, this prophecy must have its accomplishment, there is no necessity for supposing that it has been already accomplished. There are prophecies which intimate a great slaughter of the enemies of God and his people, which remain to be fulfilled; those in Eze . ch. 38, and Re ch. 20 are called Gog and Magog. This prophecy of Isaiah may possibly refer to the same, or the like event. and trample 26828-900416-1013 -Isa63.4 26829-900416-1014 -Isa63.5 26830-900416-1015 -Isa63.6 26831-900416-1017 -Isa63.7 26832-900416-1018 -Isa63.8 26833-900416-1021 -Isa63.9 26834-900416-1022 -Isa63.10 26835-900416-1029 -Isa63.11 26836-900416-1029 -Isa63.12 26837-900416-1030 -Isa63.13 26838-900416-1031 -Isa63.14 26839-900416-1033 -Isa63.15 26840-900416-1034 -Isa63.16 everlasting is thy name 26841-900416-1035 -Isa63.17 26842-900416-1036 -Isa63.18 26843-900416-1037 -Isa63.19 upon them 26844-900416-1038 -Isa64.1 01 The church prays for the illustration of God's power 04 Celebrating God's mercy, it makes confession of their natural corruptions 09 It complains of their afflictions 26845-900416-1040 -Isa64.2 26846-900416-1041 -Isa64.3 26847-900416-1042 -Isa64.4 etc. prepared 26848-900416-1043 -Isa64.5 26849-900416-1045 -Isa64.6 26850-900416-1046 -Isa64.7 26851-900416-1047 -Isa64.8 26852-900416-1048 -Isa64.9 26853-900416-1048 -Isa64.10 26854-900416-1049 -Isa64.11 26855-900416-1050 -Isa64.12 26856-900416-1104 -Isa65.1 01 The calling of the Gentiles, and the rejection of the Jews, for their incredulity, idolatry, and hypocrisy 08 A remnant shall be saved 11 Judgments on the wicked, and blessings on the godly 17 The blessed state of the new Jerusalem 26857-900416-1106 -Isa65.2 26858-900416-1108 -Isa65.3 26859-900416-1108 -Isa65.4 26860-900416-1109 -Isa65.5 26861-900416-1110 -Isa65.6 26862-900416-1111 -Isa65.7 26863-900416-1112 -Isa65.8 26864-900416-1113 -Isa65.9 26865-900416-1113 -Isa65.10 26866-900416-1114 -Isa65.11 26867-900416-1116 -Isa65.12 26868-900416-1116 -Isa65.13 26869-900416-1117 -Isa65.14 26870-900416-1118 -Isa65.15 26871-900416-1424 -Isa65.16 26872-900416-1425 -Isa65.17 26873-900416-1427 -Isa65.18 26874-900416-1428 -Isa65.19 26875-900416-1428 -Isa65.20 26876-900416-1429 -Isa65.21 26877-900416-1429 -Isa65.22 26878-900416-1431 -Isa65.23 26879-900416-1431 -Isa65.24 26880-900416-1432 -Isa65.25 26881-900416-1443 -Isa66.1 01 The glorious God will be served in humble sincerity 05 He comforts the humble by shewing the confusion of their enemies 07 With the marvellous growth 10 And the gracious benefits of the church 15 God's severe judgments against the wicked 18 The Gentiles shall have an holy church 24 And see the damnation of the wicked 26882-900416-1501 -Isa66.2 26883-900416-1502 -Isa66.3 26884-900416-1503 -Isa66.4 26885-900416-1504 -Isa66.5 26886-900416-1505 -Isa66.6 26887-900416-1505 -Isa66.7 26888-900416-1506 -Isa66.8 26889-900416-1507 -Isa66.9 26890-900416-1508 -Isa66.10 26891-900416-1508 -Isa66.11 26892-900416-1509 -Isa66.12 26893-900416-1510 -Isa66.13 26894-900416-1511 -Isa66.14 26895-900416-1511 -Isa66.15 26896-900416-1512 -Isa66.16 26897-900416-1513 -Isa66.17 26898-900416-1514 -Isa66.18 26899-900416-1516 -Isa66.19 26900-900416-1517 -Isa66.20 26901-900416-1518 -Isa66.21 26902-900416-1519 -Isa66.22 26903-900416-1520 -Isa66.23 his sabbath. Shall all 26904-900416-1521 -Isa66.24 26905-900417-0931 -Jer1.1 01 The time 04 And the calling of Jeremiah 11 His prophetical visions of an almond rod and a seething pot 15 His heavy message against Judah 17 God encourages him with his promise of assistance 26906-900417-0933 -Jer1.2 26907-900417-0934 -Jer1.3 26908-900417-0935 -Jer1.4 26909-900417-0936 -Jer1.5 26910-900417-0937 -Jer1.6 26911-900417-0938 -Jer1.7 26912-900417-0940 -Jer1.8 26913-900417-0940 -Jer1.9 26914-900417-0942 -Jer1.10 26915-900417-0942 -Jer1.11 26916-900417-0943 -Jer1.12 26917-900417-0944 -Jer1.13 26918-900417-0944 -Jer1.14 26919-900417-0947 -Jer1.15 26920-900417-0955 -Jer1.16 26921-900417-0957 -Jer1.17 26922-900417-0958 -Jer1.18 26923-900417-0959 -Jer1.19 26924-900417-1003 -Jer2.1 01 God having shewed his former kindness, expostulates with the Jews on their causeless and unexampled revolt 14 They are the causes of their own calamities 18 The sins and idolatries of Judah 35 Her confidence is rejected. 26925-900417-1004 -Jer2.2 26926-900417-1006 -Jer2.3 26927-900417-1007 -Jer2.4 26928-900417-1008 -Jer2.5 26929-900417-1009 -Jer2.6 26930-900417-1013 -Jer2.7 26931-900418-0609 -Jer2.8 26932-900418-0610 -Jer2.9 26933-900418-0612 -Jer2.10 26934-900418-0614 -Jer2.11 26935-900418-0614 -Jer2.12 26936-900418-0616 -Jer2.13 26937-900418-0617 -Jer2.14 26938-900418-0619 -Jer2.15 26939-900418-0620 -Jer2.16 26940-900418-0621 -Jer2.17 26941-900418-0623 -Jer2.18 26942-900418-0624 -Jer2.19 26943-900418-0625 -Jer2.20 26944-900418-0627 -Jer2.21 26945-900418-0628 -Jer2.22 26946-900418-0629 -Jer2.23 26947-900418-0630 -Jer2.24 26948-900418-0631 -Jer2.25 26949-900418-0632 -Jer2.26 26950-900418-0633 -Jer2.27 26951-900418-0639 -Jer2.28 26952-900418-0639 -Jer2.29 26953-900418-0640 -Jer2.30 26954-900418-0642 -Jer2.31 26955-900418-0643 -Jer2.32 26956-900418-0643 -Jer2.33 26957-900418-0645 -Jer2.34 26958-900418-0645 -Jer2.35 26959-900418-0647 -Jer2.36 26960-900418-0648 -Jer2.37 26961-900418-0659 -Jer3.1 01 God's great mercy in Judah's vile whoredom 06 Judah is worse than Israel 12 The promises of the gospel to the penitent 20 Israel reproved, and called by God, makes a solemn confession of their sins 26962-900418-0700 -Jer3.2 26963-900418-0701 -Jer3.3 26964-900418-0702 -Jer3.4 26965-900418-0703 -Jer3.5 26966-900418-0704 -Jer3.6 26967-900418-0704 -Jer3.7 26968-900418-0705 -Jer3.8 26969-900418-0706 -Jer3.9 26970-900418-0707 -Jer3.10 26971-900418-0711 -Jer3.11 26972-900418-0712 -Jer3.12 26973-900418-0714 -Jer3.13 26974-900418-0715 -Jer3.14 26975-900418-0728 -Jer3.15 26976-900418-0730 -Jer3.16 26977-900418-0821 -Jer3.17 26978-900418-0823 -Jer3.18 26979-900418-0825 -Jer3.19 26980-900418-0826 -Jer3.20 26981-900418-0827 -Jer3.21 26982-900418-0827 -Jer3.22 26983-900418-0828 -Jer3.23 26984-900418-0829 -Jer3.24 26985-900418-0831 -Jer3.25 26986-900418-0833 -Jer4.1 01 God calls Israel by his promise 03 He exhorts Judah to repentance by ffearful judgments 19 A grievous lamentation for Judah 26987-900418-0834 -Jer4.2 26988-900418-0834 -Jer4.3 26989-900418-0836 -Jer4.4 26990-900418-0837 -Jer4.5 26991-900418-0838 -Jer4.6 26992-900418-0839 -Jer4.7 26993-900418-0840 -Jer4.8 26994-900418-0841 -Jer4.9 26995-900418-0843 -Jer4.10 26996-900418-0847 -Jer4.11 26997-900418-0847 -Jer4.12 sentence. Heb. utter judgments 26998-900418-0848 -Jer4.13 26999-900418-0849 -Jer4.14 27000-900418-0850 -Jer4.15 27001-900418-0851 -Jer4.16 27002-900418-0851 -Jer4.17 27003-900418-0852 -Jer4.18 27004-900418-0853 -Jer4.19 27005-900418-0854 -Jer4.20 27006-900418-0855 -Jer4.21 27007-900418-0856 -Jer4.22 27008-900418-0857 -Jer4.23 27009-900418-0858 -Jer4.24 27010-900418-0859 -Jer4.25 27011-900418-0859 -Jer4.26 27012-900418-0900 -Jer4.27 27013-900418-0902 -Jer4.28 27014-900418-0902 -Jer4.29 27015-900418-0904 -Jer4.30 27016-900418-0905 -Jer4.31 27017-900419-0937 -Jer5.1 01 The judgments of God upon the Jews, for their perverseness 07 For their adultery 10 For their impiety 15 For their worhip of idols 19 For their contempt of God 25 And for their great corruption in the civil state 30 And ecclesiastical 27018-900419-0938 -Jer5.2 27019-900419-0939 -Jer5.3 27020-900419-0939 -Jer5.4 27021-900419-0953 -Jer5.5 27022-900419-0954 -Jer5.6 27023-900419-0956 -Jer5.7 27024-900419-0957 -Jer5.8 27025-900419-1000 -Jer5.9 27026-900419-1001 -Jer5.10 27027-900419-1001 -Jer5.11 27028-900419-1002 -Jer5.12 27029-900419-1003 -Jer5.13 27030-900419-1004 -Jer5.14 27031-900419-1005 -Jer5.15 27032-900419-1005 -Jer5.16 27033-900419-1006 -Jer5.17 27034-900419-1006 -Jer5.18 27035-900419-1015 -Jer5.19 27036-900419-1016 -Jer5.20 27037-900419-1017 -Jer5.21 27038-900419-1018 -Jer5.22 27039-900419-1019 -Jer5.23 27040-900419-1019 -Jer5.24 27041-900419-1019 -Jer5.25 27042-900419-1020 -Jer5.26 27043-900419-1022 -Jer5.27 or trap-cage, as Dr. Blayney renders; in which fowlers place several tame birds, to decoy the others into the snare prepared for them. 27044-900419-1024 -Jer5.28 27045-900419-1024 -Jer5.29 27046-900419-1025 -Jer5.30 27047-900419-1026 -Jer5.31 27048-900419-1028 -Jer6.1 01 The enemies sent against Judah 04 Enrourage themselves 06 God sets them on work because of their sins 09 The prophet laments the judgments of God because of their sins 18 He proclaims God's wrath 26 He calls the people to mour for the judgment on their sins. 27049-900419-1029 -Jer6.2 27050-900419-1030 -Jer6.3 27051-900419-1030 -Jer6.4 27052-900419-1031 -Jer6.5 27053-900419-1032 -Jer6.6 27054-900419-1033 -Jer6.7 27055-900419-1034 -Jer6.8 27056-900419-1035 -Jer6.9 27057-900419-1037 -Jer6.10 27058-900419-1038 -Jer6.11 27059-900419-1039 -Jer6.12 27060-900419-1040 -Jer6.13 27061-900419-1041 -Jer6.14 27062-900419-1042 -Jer6.15 27063-900419-1043 -Jer6.16 27064-900419-1045 -Jer6.17 27065-900419-1045 -Jer6.18 27066-900419-1046 -Jer6.19 27067-900419-1047 -Jer6.20 27068-900419-1048 -Jer6.21 27069-900419-1048 -Jer6.22 27070-900419-1049 -Jer6.23 27071-900419-1050 -Jer6.24 27072-900419-1051 -Jer6.25 27073-900419-1052 -Jer6.26 27074-900419-1053 -Jer6.27 27075-900419-1054 -Jer6.28 27076-900419-1054 -Jer6.29 27077-900419-1055 -Jer6.30 27078-900420-0811 -Jer7.1 01 Jeremiah is sent to call to true repentance, to prevent the Jews' captivity 08 He rejects their vain confidence 12 By the example of Shiloh 17 He threatens them for their idolatry 21 He rejects the sacrifices of the disobedient 29 He exhorts to mourn for their abominations in Tophet 32 And the judgments for the same 27079-900420-0813 -Jer7.2 27080-900420-0814 -Jer7.3 27081-900420-0815 -Jer7.4 27082-900420-0816 -Jer7.5 27083-900420-0818 -Jer7.6 27084-900420-0818 -Jer7.7 27085-900420-0819 -Jer7.8 27086-900420-0820 -Jer7.9 27087-900420-0821 -Jer7.10 27088-900420-0822 -Jer7.11 27089-900420-0823 -Jer7.12 27090-900420-0824 -Jer7.13 27091-900420-0826 -Jer7.14 27092-900420-0826 -Jer7.15 27093-900420-0827 -Jer7.16 27094-900420-0827 -Jer7.17 27095-900420-0830 -Jer7.18 several MSS. and editions have Melachath, 'workmanship', instead of melecheth, 'queen' yet the latter reading seems the true one, as the LXX, in the parallel place, and the Vulgate uniformly have 'the queen of heaven;' by which there can be little doubt, is meant the moon. 27096-900420-0831 -Jer7.19 27097-900425-0859 -Jer7.20 27098-900425-0858 -Jer7.21 27099-900425-0858 -Jer7.22 27100-900420-0834 -Jer7.23 27101-900420-0835 -Jer7.24 27102-900420-0836 -Jer7.25 27103-900420-0838 -Jer7.26 27104-900420-0839 -Jer7.27 27105-900420-0840 -Jer7.28 27106-900420-0841 -Jer7.29 27107-900420-0841 -Jer7.30 27108-900420-0842 -Jer7.31 27109-900420-0843 -Jer7.32 27110-900420-0844 -Jer7.33 27111-900420-0844 -Jer7.34 27112-900420-0845 -Jer8.1 01 The calamity of the Jews, both dead and alive 04 He upbraids their foolish and shameless impenitency 13 He shews their grievous judgment 18 And bewails their desperate estate 27113-900420-0846 -Jer8.2 27114-900420-0847 -Jer8.3 27115-900420-0850 -Jer8.4 here requires to be carefully attended to. The prophet first, in the name of God, reproves the people, and threatens them with grievous calamities. Then, apostrophising his countrymen, he advises them to retire with him to some fortified city. God then threatens to bring foes against them, that are irresistible. The prophet next commiserates the daughter of his people, who is heard bewailing her forlorn case; whilst the voice of God breaks in upon her complaints, and shews that all this ruin is brought upon her by her infidelities. The prophet regrets that her wounds had not been healed, and laments over her slain. 27116-900420-0852 -Jer8.5 27117-900420-0853 -Jer8.6 27118-900420-0853 -Jer8.7 27119-900420-0854 -Jer8.8 falsehood 27120-900420-0855 -Jer8.9 27121-900420-0857 -Jer8.10 27122-900420-0857 -Jer8.11 27123-900420-0858 -Jer8.12 27124-900420-0859 -Jer8.13 27125-900420-0900 -Jer8.14 27126-900420-0901 -Jer8.15 27127-900420-0904 -Jer8.16 Nebuchadnezzar, having subdued Phoenicia, passed through Dan, in his way to Jerusalem. was heard so terrible was the united neighings of the cavalry of the Bablyonians, that the reverberation of the air caused the ground to tremble. all that is in it. Heb. the fulness thereof. 27128-900420-0905 -Jer8.17 27129-900420-0905 -Jer8.18 27130-900420-0907 -Jer8.19 27131-900420-0907 -Jer8.20 27132-900420-0908 -Jer8.21 27133-900420-0909 -Jer8.22 27134-900420-0911 -Jer9.1 01 Jeremiah laments the Jews for their manifold sins 09 And for their judgment 12 Disobedience is the cause of their bitter calamity 17 He exhorts to mourn for their destruction 23 And to trust not in themselves, but in God 25 He threatens both Jews and Gentiles. 27135-900420-0912 -Jer9.2 27136-900420-0915 -Jer9.3 27137-900420-0916 -Jer9.4 27138-900420-0918 -Jer9.5 27139-900420-0919 -Jer9.6 27140-900420-0919 -Jer9.7 27141-900420-0920 -Jer9.8 27142-900420-0921 -Jer9.9 27143-900420-0923 -Jer9.10 27144-900420-0924 -Jer9.11 27145-900420-0925 -Jer9.12 27146-900420-0926 -Jer9.13 27147-900420-0926 -Jer9.14 27148-900420-0927 -Jer9.15 27149-900420-0928 -Jer9.16 27150-900420-0929 -Jer9.17 dirges, and make public lamentations at funerals. 27151-900420-0930 -Jer9.18 27152-900420-0931 -Jer9.19 27153-900420-0931 -Jer9.20 27154-900420-0932 -Jer9.21 27155-900420-0933 -Jer9.22 27156-900420-0934 -Jer9.23 27157-900420-0936 -Jer9.24 27158-900420-0936 -Jer9.25 27159-900420-0941 -Jer9.26 the corners of their hair polled. Dr. Durell and others justly consider the marginal reading as far preferable; as being descriptive of the mode in which the Arabians cut their hair and beard. 27160-900423-0822 -Jer10.1 01 The unequal comparison of God and idols 17 The prophet exhorts to flee from the calamity to come 19 He laments the spoil of the tabernacle by foolish pastors 23 He makes an humble supplication 27161-900423-0823 -Jer10.2 27162-900423-0824 -Jer10.3 27163-900423-0825 -Jer10.4 27164-900423-0826 -Jer10.5 27165-900423-0827 -Jer10.6 27166-900423-0828 -Jer10.7 27167-900423-0829 -Jer10.8 27168-900423-0830 -Jer10.9 27169-900423-0832 -Jer10.10 27170-900423-0833 -Jer10.11 27171-900423-0835 -Jer10.12 27172-900423-0839 -Jer10.13 27173-900423-0841 -Jer10.14 founder 27174-900423-0841 -Jer10.15 27175-900423-0844 -Jer10.16 27176-900423-0845 -Jer10.17 27177-900423-0848 -Jer10.18 27178-900423-0848 -Jer10.19 27179-900423-0849 -Jer10.20 27180-900423-0853 -Jer10.21 27181-900423-0854 -Jer10.22 27182-900423-0854 -Jer10.23 27183-900423-0855 -Jer10.24 27184-900423-0856 -Jer10.25 27185-900423-0859 -Jer11.1 01 Jeremiah proclaims God's covenant 08 Rebukes the Jews' disobeying thereof 11 Prophesies evils to come upon them 18 And upon the men of Anathoth for conspiring to kill him 27186-900423-0900 -Jer11.2 27187-900423-0900 -Jer11.3 27188-900423-0902 -Jer11.4 27189-900423-0903 -Jer11.5 27190-900423-0904 -Jer11.6 27191-900423-0905 -Jer11.7 27192-900423-0907 -Jer11.8 27193-900423-0907 -Jer11.9 27194-900423-0909 -Jer11.10 27195-900423-0910 -Jer11.11 27196-900423-0911 -Jer11.12 27197-900423-0912 -Jer11.13 27198-900423-0913 -Jer11.14 27199-900423-0914 -Jer11.15 27200-900423-0915 -Jer11.16 27201-900423-0916 -Jer11.17 27202-900423-0917 -Jer11.18 27203-900423-0918 -Jer11.19 tree with the fruit. Heb. stalk with his bread. let us cut 27204-900423-0919 -Jer11.20 27205-900423-0921 -Jer11.21 27206-900423-0921 -Jer11.22 27207-900423-0922 -Jer11.23 27208-900423-0924 -Jer12.1 01 Jeremiah, complaining of the wicked's prosperity, by faith sees their ruin 05 God admonishes him of his brthren's treachery against him 07 And laments his heritage 14 He promises to the penitent return from captivity 27209-900423-0926 -Jer12.2 27210-900423-0927 -Jer12.3 27211-900423-0929 -Jer12.4 27212-900423-0930 -Jer12.5 27213-900423-0932 -Jer12.6 27214-900423-0933 -Jer12.7 27215-900423-0933 -Jer12.8 27216-900423-0936 -Jer12.9 heritage (people) to me as a fierce hyaena? Is there a wild beast all around upon her?' i.e. the land of Canaan. The hyaena is a kind of wolf, a little bigger than a mastiff; colour grey, streked with black; it is of a solitary and savage disposition. 27217-900423-0937 -Jer12.10 27218-900423-0938 -Jer12.11 27219-900423-0939 -Jer12.12 27220-900423-0940 -Jer12.13 27221-900423-0944 -Jer12.14 27222-900423-0944 -Jer12.15 27223-900423-0946 -Jer12.16 27224-900423-0947 -Jer12.17 27225-900423-0951 -Jer13.1 01 By the type of a linen girdle, hidden at Euphrates, God prefigures the destruction of his people 12 Under the parable of the bottles filled with wine he foretells their drunkenness in misery 15 He exhorts to prevent their future judgments 22 He shews their abominations are the cause thereof. 27226-900423-0952 -Jer13.2 27227-900423-0954 -Jer13.3 27228-900423-0954 -Jer13.4 country, Chaldea, into which they were to be carried captive. 27229-900423-0955 -Jer13.5 27230-900423-0956 -Jer13.6 27231-900423-0956 -Jer13.7 27232-900423-0957 -Jer13.8 27233-900423-0958 -Jer13.9 27234-900423-0959 -Jer13.10 27235-900423-1000 -Jer13.11 27236-900423-1001 -Jer13.12 27237-900423-1002 -Jer13.13 27238-900423-1003 -Jer13.14 27239-900423-1004 -Jer13.15 27240-900423-1006 -Jer13.16 27241-900423-1007 -Jer13.17 27242-900423-1008 -Jer13.18 27243-900423-1009 -Jer13.19 27244-900423-1010 -Jer13.20 27245-900423-1011 -Jer13.21 27246-900423-1012 -Jer13.22 27247-900423-1013 -Jer13.23 27248-900423-1014 -Jer13.24 27249-900423-1015 -Jer13.25 27250-900423-1016 -Jer13.26 27251-900423-1017 -Jer13.27 27252-900423-1020 -Jer14.1 01 The grievous famine 07 Causes Jeremiah to pray 10 The Lord will not be intreated for the people 13 Lying prophets are no excuse for them 17 Jeremiah is moved to complain for them have been delivered after the fourth year of Jehoiakim. The Hebrew Batzaroth, rendered dearth, signifies restraint, that is, 'when the heaven is shut up that there is no rain;' which Houbigant thinks happened early in the reign of Zedekiah. the dearth. Heb. the words of the dearths, or restraints 27253-900423-1021 -Jer14.2 27254-900423-1022 -Jer14.3 27255-900423-1024 -Jer14.4 27256-900423-1024 -Jer14.5 27257-900423-1025 -Jer14.6 internal heat. their 27258-900423-1027 -Jer14.7 27259-900423-1028 -Jer14.8 27260-900423-1029 -Jer14.9 27261-900423-1030 -Jer14.10 27262-900423-1031 -Jer14.11 27263-900423-1032 -Jer14.12 27264-900423-1033 -Jer14.13 27265-900423-1034 -Jer14.14 27266-900423-1035 -Jer14.15 27267-900423-1036 -Jer14.16 27268-900423-1037 -Jer14.17 27269-900423-1038 -Jer14.18 acknowledge it not 27270-900423-1039 -Jer14.19 27271-900423-1040 -Jer14.20 27272-900423-1041 -Jer14.21 27273-900423-1043 -Jer14.22 27274-900424-1440 -Jer15.1 01 The utter rejection and manifold judgments of the Jews 10 Jeremiah, complaining of their spite, receives a promise for himself 12 And a threatening for them 15 He prays 19 And receives a gracious promise 27275-900424-1440 -Jer15.2 27276-900424-1442 -Jer15.3 27277-900424-1443 -Jer15.4 27278-900424-1443 -Jer15.5 27279-900424-1445 -Jer15.6 27280-900424-1447 -Jer15.7 27281-900424-1448 -Jer15.8 mother and the young men. A spoiler 27282-900424-1450 -Jer15.9 Jerusalem, the mother city, the parent of so many cities, villages, and families in the land. 27283-900424-1451 -Jer15.10 27284-900424-1452 -Jer15.11 thee 27285-900424-1452 -Jer15.12 27286-900424-1453 -Jer15.13 27287-900424-1454 -Jer15.14 27288-900424-1455 -Jer15.15 27289-900424-1456 -Jer15.16 27290-900424-1457 -Jer15.17 27291-900424-1459 -Jer15.18 27292-900424-1500 -Jer15.19 27293-900424-1501 -Jer15.20 27294-900424-1502 -Jer15.21 27295-900424-1504 -Jer16.1 01 The prophet, under the types of abstaining from marriage, from houses of mourning and feasting, foreshews the utter ruin of the Jews. 10 Because they were worse than their fathers 14 Their return from captivity shall be stranger than their deliverance out of Egypt 16 God will doubly recompense their idolatry 27296-900424-1504 -Jer16.2 27297-900424-1504 -Jer16.3 27298-900424-1506 -Jer16.4 27299-900424-1507 -Jer16.5 27300-900424-1508 -Jer16.6 27301-900424-1508 -Jer16.7 27302-900424-1509 -Jer16.8 27303-900424-1509 -Jer16.9 27304-900424-1510 -Jer16.10 27305-900424-1511 -Jer16.11 27306-900424-1512 -Jer16.12 27307-900424-1513 -Jer16.13 27308-900424-1513 -Jer16.14 27309-900424-1514 -Jer16.15 27310-900424-1516 -Jer16.16 whom shall destroy them by wiles, and others shall ruin them by violence. The Chaldeans shall make an entire conquest of the whole land, and strip it of its riches and inhabitants; and those who may escape one party shall fall into the hands of another. 27311-900424-1517 -Jer16.17 27312-900424-1518 -Jer16.18 27313-900424-1522 -Jer16.19 27314-900424-1523 -Jer16.20 27315-900424-1524 -Jer16.21 27316-900425-0821 -Jer17.1 01 The captivity of Judah for her sin 05 Trust in man is cursed 07 In God is blessed 09 The deceitful heart cannot deceive God 12 The salvation of God 15 The prophet complains of the mockers of his prophecy 19 He is sent to renew the covenant in hallowing the sabbath. 27317-900425-0821 -Jer17.2 27318-900425-0836 -Jer17.3 27319-900425-0838 -Jer17.4 27320-900425-0839 -Jer17.5 27321-900425-0840 -Jer17.6 27322-900425-0841 -Jer17.7 27323-900425-0841 -Jer17.8 27324-900425-0842 -Jer17.9 27325-900425-0843 -Jer17.10 27326-900425-0845 -Jer17.11 27327-900425-0845 -Jer17.12 27328-900425-0851 -Jer17.13 27329-900425-0852 -Jer17.14 27330-900425-0852 -Jer17.15 27331-900425-0853 -Jer17.16 27332-900425-0854 -Jer17.17 27333-900425-0855 -Jer17.18 double breach 27334-900425-0855 -Jer17.19 27335-900425-0856 -Jer17.20 27336-900425-0859 -Jer17.21 27337-900425-0900 -Jer17.22 27338-900425-0901 -Jer17.23 27339-900425-0902 -Jer17.24 27340-900425-0903 -Jer17.25 27341-900425-0904 -Jer17.26 27342-900425-0905 -Jer17.27 27343-900425-0911 -Jer18.1 01 Under the type of a potter is shewn God's absolute power in disposing of nations. 11 Judgments threatened to Judah for her strange revolt 18 Jeremiah prays against his conspirators. 27344-900425-0912 -Jer18.2 27345-900425-0913 -Jer18.3 27346-900425-0913 -Jer18.4 made it again. Heb. returned and made. as 27347-900425-0914 -Jer18.5 27348-900425-0914 -Jer18.6 27349-900425-0914 -Jer18.7 27350-900425-0916 -Jer18.8 27351-900425-0916 -Jer18.9 27352-900425-0917 -Jer18.10 27353-900425-0918 -Jer18.11 27354-900425-0919 -Jer18.12 27355-900425-0920 -Jer18.13 27356-900425-0922 -Jer18.14 Lebanon? shall the running waters be forsaken for the strange cold waters? Parkhurst renders, 'Will the snow of Lebanon fail from the rock of the field? or will the issuing cold flowing waters (from that mountain namely) be exhausted?' No more could I fail my people if they trusted in me. Maundrell says, "The chief benefit the mountain of Lebanon serves for, is, that by its exceeding height, it proves a conservatory for abundance of snow, which thawing in the heat of summer, affords supplies of water to the rivers and fountains in the valleys below.' 27357-900425-0923 -Jer18.15 27358-900425-0924 -Jer18.16 27359-900425-0925 -Jer18.17 27360-900425-0926 -Jer18.18 27361-900425-0927 -Jer18.19 27362-900425-0929 -Jer18.20 27363-900425-0930 -Jer18.21 27364-900425-0931 -Jer18.22 27365-900425-0931 -Jer18.23 27366-900425-0937 -Jer19.1 01 Under the type of breaking a potter's vessel, is foreshewn the desolation of the Jews for their sins. 27367-900425-0937 -Jer19.2 27368-900425-0938 -Jer19.3 27369-900425-0940 -Jer19.4 27370-900425-0940 -Jer19.5 27371-900425-0941 -Jer19.6 27372-900425-0942 -Jer19.7 27373-900425-0943 -Jer19.8 27374-900425-0943 -Jer19.9 27375-900425-0943 -Jer19.10 27376-900425-0944 -Jer19.11 27377-900425-0944 -Jer19.12 27378-900425-0945 -Jer19.13 27379-900425-0945 -Jer19.14 27380-900425-0947 -Jer19.15 oxen, who resist the yoke, and break and run away with their gears. that they 27381-900425-0948 -Jer20.1 01 Pashur, smiting Jeremiah, receives a new name, and a fearful doom 07 Jeremiah complains of contempt 10 Of treachery 14 And of his birth 27382-900425-0951 -Jer20.2 generally denotes an overthrow, and seems to signify here a sort of stocks, by which the limbs were distorted unto uneasy postures. So the Chadlee, keephtha and Jerome, nervus, which he explains in his comment as 'a kind of wooden fetter, into which the feet were thrust,. Some learned men understand it as merely signifying a place of confinement, or house of correction; but the word is never used for any of the prisons into which the prophet was afterwards cast; and the punishment seems to have been public and ignominious. in the high 27383-900425-0952 -Jer20.3 27384-900425-0953 -Jer20.4 27385-900425-0954 -Jer20.5 labour 27386-900425-0955 -Jer20.6 27387-900425-0956 -Jer20.7 27388-900425-0957 -Jer20.8 27389-900425-0958 -Jer20.9 27390-900425-1000 -Jer20.10 27391-900425-1001 -Jer20.11 27392-900425-1002 -Jer20.12 27393-900425-1003 -Jer20.13 27394-900425-1003 -Jer20.14 27395-900425-1004 -Jer20.15 27396-900425-1004 -Jer20.16 27397-900425-1005 -Jer20.17 27398-900425-1006 -Jer20.18 27399-900427-0908 -Jer21.1 01 Zedikiah sends to Jeremiah to enquire the event of Nebuchadnessar's war 03 Jeremiah foretells a hard seige and miserable captivity 08 He counsels the people to fall to the Chaldeans 11 And upbraids the King's house. delivered abou the ninth year of the reign of Zedekiah. This chapter, observes Dr. Blayney, contains the first of those prophecies which were delivered by Jeremiah subsequent to the revolt of Zedekiah, and the breaking out of the war thereupon; and which are continued on to the taking of Jerusalem. 27400-900427-0914 -Jer21.2 27401-900427-0914 -Jer21.3 27402-900427-0915 -Jer21.4 27403-900427-0915 -Jer21.5 27404-900427-0916 -Jer21.6 27405-900427-0918 -Jer21.7 27406-900427-0918 -Jer21.8 27407-900427-0919 -Jer21.9 27408-900427-0920 -Jer21.10 27409-900427-0920 -Jer21.11 27410-900427-0922 -Jer21.12 27411-900427-0923 -Jer21.13 27412-900427-0924 -Jer21.14 27413-900427-0926 -Jer22.1 01 He exhorts to repentance, with promises and threats 10 The judgment of Shallum 13 Of Jehoiakim 20 And of Coniah. 27414-900427-0927 -Jer22.2 27415-900427-0931 -Jer22.3 27416-900427-0932 -Jer22.4 27417-900427-0932 -Jer22.5 27418-900427-0935 -Jer22.6 renowned for its rich pastures; and Lebanon was the highest mountain in Israel, celebrated for its stately cedars; and both were therefore, proper emblems of the reigning family. 'But though thou art the richest and most powerful, I who raised thee up, can bring thee down, and made thee a wilderness.' surely 27419-900427-0936 -Jer22.7 27420-900427-0937 -Jer22.8 27421-900430-0937 -Jer22.9 27422-900430-0938 -Jer22.10 27423-900430-0939 -Jer22.11 27424-900430-0940 -Jer22.12 27425-900430-0940 -Jer22.13 27426-900430-0941 -Jer22.14 27427-900430-0943 -Jer22.15 27428-900430-0944 -Jer22.16 27429-900430-0947 -Jer22.17 27430-900430-0947 -Jer22.18 27431-900430-0948 -Jer22.19 27432-900430-0948 -Jer22.20 27433-900430-0949 -Jer22.21 27434-900430-0950 -Jer22.22 27435-900430-0951 -Jer22.23 27436-900430-0952 -Jer22.24 27437-900430-0953 -Jer22.25 27438-900430-0953 -Jer22.26 27439-900430-0954 -Jer22.27 27440-900430-0957 -Jer22.28 to Zedekiah; for it is to be observed, that Jeconiah is spoken of as absent, and already in captivity. Now if he and his seed had been for their sins thrown aside as a broken idol, or as a vessel which a man despises, how could Zedekiah, who copied and far exceeded them, expect to prosper on the throne of David? 27441-900430-0958 -Jer22.29 27442-900430-0959 -Jer22.30 slain before his eyes; and his eyes being put out, he was carried to Babylon; and we read no more either of him or his posterity. 27443-900430-1001 -Jer23.1 01 He prophesies a restoration of the scattered flock 05 Christ shall rule and save them 09 Against false prophets 33 And mockers of the true prophets. 27444-900430-1002 -Jer23.2 27445-900430-1003 -Jer23.3 27446-900430-1004 -Jer23.4 27447-900430-1006 -Jer23.5 27448-900430-1008 -Jer23.6 27449-900430-1008 -Jer23.7 27450-900430-1009 -Jer23.8 27451-900430-1010 -Jer23.9 27452-900430-1011 -Jer23.10 27453-900430-1012 -Jer23.11 27454-900430-1013 -Jer23.12 27455-900430-1013 -Jer23.13 27456-900430-1017 -Jer23.14 27457-900430-1017 -Jer23.15 27458-900430-1018 -Jer23.16 27459-900430-1019 -Jer23.17 27460-900430-1024 -Jer23.18 27461-900430-1024 -Jer23.19 27462-900430-1025 -Jer23.20 27463-900430-1026 -Jer23.21 27464-900430-1027 -Jer23.22 27465-900430-1027 -Jer23.23 27466-900430-1029 -Jer23.24 27467-900430-1030 -Jer23.25 27468-900430-1032 -Jer23.26 27469-900430-1032 -Jer23.27 27470-900430-1034 -Jer23.28 true prophets faithfully declare their message, the difference between them will be as evident as that between 'the chaff and the wheat.' 27471-900430-1034 -Jer23.29 27472-900430-1035 -Jer23.30 27473-900430-1037 -Jer23.31 27474-900430-1037 -Jer23.32 27475-900430-1038 -Jer23.33 27476-900430-1039 -Jer23.34 27477-900430-1039 -Jer23.35 27478-900430-1041 -Jer23.36 27479-900430-1041 -Jer23.37 27480-900430-1042 -Jer23.38 27481-900430-1043 -Jer23.39 27482-900430-1043 -Jer23.40 27483-900501-0909 -Jer24.1 01 Under the type of good and bad figs 04 He foreshews the restoration of them that were in captivity 08 And the desolation of Zedekiah and the rest 27484-900501-0911 -Jer24.2 those which are ripe about six weeks before the full season, which are reckoned a great dainty. state. 27485-900501-0912 -Jer24.3 27486-900501-0913 -Jer24.4 27487-900501-0914 -Jer24.5 27488-900501-0915 -Jer24.6 27489-900501-0916 -Jer24.7 27490-900501-0917 -Jer24.8 27491-900501-0918 -Jer24.9 27492-900501-0919 -Jer24.10 27493-900501-0923 -Jer25.1 01 Jeremiah, reproving the Jews' disobedience to the prophets 08 Foretells the seventy years' captivity 12 And after that, the destruction of Babylon 15 Under the type of a cup of wine he forshews the destruction of all nations 34 The howling of the shepherds Nabopollasar two years before the death of the latter; and from this time the Jewish computation of Nebuchadnezzar's reign begins; that is, from the end of the third year of Jehoiakim; and therefore, according to them, the fourth year of Jehoiakim was the first year of Nebuchadnezzar. But the Babylonians date the commencement of his reign two years later, that is, on the death of his father; which computation is followed by Daniel, who wrote in Chadlee. 27494-900501-0924 -Jer25.2 27495-900501-0925 -Jer25.3 27496-900501-0926 -Jer25.4 lived about this time. Zephaniah also prophesied during part of the time; and it is probable that Habakkuk was contemporary with them. rising 27497-900501-0927 -Jer25.5 27498-900501-0928 -Jer25.6 27499-900501-0928 -Jer25.7 27500-900501-0929 -Jer25.8 27501-900501-0930 -Jer25.9 27502-900501-0932 -Jer25.10 where in the morning may be heard the noise of the mills, which often awakens people; for they generally grind every day just as much as may be necessary for the day's consumption. Where, then, the noise of the mill is not heard in the morning, nor the light of the candle seen in the evening, there must be an utter desolation. 27503-900501-0933 -Jer25.11 Jehoiakim, and began to be accomplished immediately; and it was exactly seventy years from this time to the proclamation of Cyrus for the return of the Jews. 27504-900501-0935 -Jer25.12 27505-900501-0935 -Jer25.13 27506-900501-0937 -Jer25.14 27507-900501-0937 -Jer25.15 27508-900501-0938 -Jer25.16 27509-900501-0938 -Jer25.17 27510-900501-0939 -Jer25.18 27511-900501-0940 -Jer25.19 27512-900501-0941 -Jer25.20 27513-900501-0942 -Jer25.21 27514-900501-0943 -Jer25.22 27515-900501-0944 -Jer25.23 the corners of the hair polled 27516-900501-0945 -Jer25.24 27517-900501-0946 -Jer25.25 27518-900501-0947 -Jer25.26 27519-900501-0948 -Jer25.27 27520-900501-0948 -Jer25.28 27521-900501-0949 -Jer25.29 27522-900501-0950 -Jer25.30 27523-900501-0952 -Jer25.31 through all the nations of the East, and afterwards the destruction of Babylon by the Medes and Persians, are here primarily foretold in this awful language; but it also accords very much with the passages in which the ruin of all the anti christian powers is evidently predicted. 27524-900501-0953 -Jer25.32 27525-900501-0953 -Jer25.33 27526-900501-0955 -Jer25.34 27527-900501-0956 -Jer25.35 and escaping from 27528-900501-0956 -Jer25.36 27529-900501-0957 -Jer25.37 27530-900501-0957 -Jer25.38 27531-900501-1011 -Jer26.1 01 Jeremiah by promises and threatenings exhorts to repentance 08 He is therefore apprehended 10 And arraigned 12 His apology 16 He is quit in judgment, by the example of Micah 20 And of Urijah 24 And by the care of Ahikam 27532-900501-1013 -Jer26.2 assembled for the purpose of religious worship on ordinary occasions, when they brought no sacrifices; but when they offered a sacrifice, they were to bring it into the inner court, or that of the priests. all the words 27533-900501-1013 -Jer26.3 27534-900501-1014 -Jer26.4 27535-900501-1015 -Jer26.5 27536-900501-1016 -Jer26.6 27537-900501-1016 -Jer26.7 27538-900501-1018 -Jer26.8 27539-900501-1019 -Jer26.9 27540-900501-1019 -Jer26.10 27541-900501-1020 -Jer26.11 this man. for he 27542-900501-1021 -Jer26.12 27543-900501-1022 -Jer26.13 27544-900501-1022 -Jer26.14 right in your eyes 27545-900501-1023 -Jer26.15 27546-900501-1024 -Jer26.16 27547-900501-1028 -Jer26.17 Jerusalem, ordered his soldiers to demolish it, except three of the largest and most beautiful towers, and the western wall of the city; all the rest was levelled, so that they who had never before seen it, could scarely persuade themselves it had been inhabited. The Jewish writers also inform us, that Turnus Rufus, whom Titus had left in command, ploughed up the very foundations of the temple. When Dr. Richardson visited this sacred spot in 1818, he found one part of Mount Zion supporting a crop of barley, and another undergoing the labour of the plough: the soil turned up consisted of stone and lime mixed with earth, such as is usually met with in foundations of ruined cities. It is nearly a mile in circumference; is highest on the west side, and towards the east, falls down in broad terraces on the upper part of the mountain as it slopes down towrds the brook Kedron. 27549-900501-1030 -Jer26.19 Lord 27550-900501-1030 -Jer26.20 27551-900501-1031 -Jer26.21 27552-900501-1031 -Jer26.22 27553-900501-1032 -Jer26.23 27554-900501-1033 -Jer26.24 27555-900502-0915 -Jer27.1 01 Under the type of bonds and yokes he prophesies the subduing of the neighbour kings unto Nebuchadnezzar. 08 He exhorts them to yield, and not to believe the false prophets. 12 The like he does to Zedekiah 19 He foretells the remnant of the vessels shall be carried to Babylon, and there continue until the day of visitation 27556-900502-0916 -Jer27.2 27557-900502-0916 -Jer27.3 27558-900502-0917 -Jer27.4 saying. thus, the Lord 27559-900502-0918 -Jer27.5 27560-900502-0919 -Jer27.6 27561-900502-0920 -Jer27.7 27562-900502-0926 -Jer27.8 this method of predicting Nebuchadnezzar's rapid successes. The God of Israel, declaring himself to be the Lord of armies, and the Creator and Owner of the whole earth, with all its inhabitants and productions, and claiming full sovereignty over his creatures, avows his determination, for reasons he does not deign to assign, to give all the countries of the world to the king of Babylon, whom he calls his servant, because he would accomplish an important part of his most righteous designs. They, therefore, who would escape the most dreadful judgments, must submit to the God of Israel, by submitting to Nebuchadnezzar; they must hearken to the prophets of Israel, and not to their own diviners; and they must observe, that Nebuchadnezzar, his son, and his grandson, would whatever opposition should be made, possess the full dominion of all these countries, till the appointed time was expired; and then, these haughty conquerors would in their turn become the prey of other powerful conquerors; all of which was most exactly fulfilled. that nation. 27563-900502-0927 -Jer27.9 27564-900502-0927 -Jer27.10 27565-900502-0928 -Jer27.11 27566-900502-0928 -Jer27.12 27567-900502-0929 -Jer27.13 27568-900502-0930 -Jer27.14 27569-900502-0933 -Jer27.15 27570-900502-0933 -Jer27.16 27571-900502-0934 -Jer27.17 27572-900502-0936 -Jer27.18 27573-900502-0937 -Jer27.19 27574-900502-0938 -Jer27.20 27575-900502-0939 -Jer27.21 27576-900502-0939 -Jer27.22 27577-900502-0942 -Jer28.1 01 Hananiah prophesies falsely the return of the vessels, and of Jeconiah 05 Jeremiah, wishing it to be true, shews that the event will declare the true prophets 10 Hananhiah breaks Jeremiah's yoke 12 Jeremiah tells of an iron yoke 15 And foretells Hananiah's death 27578-900502-0943 -Jer28.2 27579-900502-0944 -Jer28.3 27580-900502-0946 -Jer28.4 who looked upon Zedekiah only as Nebuchadnezzar's deputy. Hananiah seems to have been more desirous of popular than regal favour; for this prediction could not be altogether agreeable to Zedekiah. But he was evidently a weak as well as a wicked prince, and very generally despised. Jeconiah. 27581-900502-0946 -Jer28.5 27582-900502-0947 -Jer28.6 27583-900502-0947 -Jer28.7 27584-900502-0950 -Jer28.8 Habakkuk, Zephaniah, and others, all of whom had denounced similar evils against a corrupt people. So that they who opposed Jeremiah also opposed those who preceded him; and it was altogether unprecedented for a true prophet to promise deliverance to a guilty nation, without calling them to repentance. prophesied 27585-900502-0950 -Jer28.9 27586-900502-0951 -Jer28.10 27587-900502-0951 -Jer28.11 27588-900502-0952 -Jer28.12 27589-900502-0952 -Jer28.13 Nebuchadnezzar. 27590-900502-0953 -Jer28.14 27591-900502-0955 -Jer28.15 priests and people who were prejudiced in favour of the false prophets, who prophesied to them smooth things. 27592-900502-0956 -Jer28.16 27593-900502-0958 -Jer28.17 month, and Hananiah died in the seventh month; exactly two months after he had delivered his false prophecy, which he declared, in the name of God, would be fulfilled in two years. Here then the true prophet was demonstrated, and the false prophet detected. The death of Hananiah, thus predicted, was God's seal to the words of His prophet, and must have gained his other predictions great credit among the people; though it is evident that it did not induce them to forsake their sins and return to the God of Israel. 27594-900503-0949 -Jer29.1 01 Jeremiah sends a letter to the captives in Babylon to be quiet there 08 And not to belive the dreams of their prophets 10 And that they shall return with grace after seventy years 15 He foretells the destruction of the rest for their disobedience 20 He shews the fearful end of Ahab and Zedekiah, two lying prophets 24 Shemaiah writes a letter against Jeremiah 30 Jeremiah foretells his doom have taken place in the first or second year of Zedekiah. of the letter. 27595-900503-0950 -Jer29.2 27596-900503-0951 -Jer29.3 27597-900503-0951 -Jer29.4 27598-900503-0952 -Jer29.5 27599-900503-0953 -Jer29.6 27600-900503-0954 -Jer29.7 27601-900503-0956 -Jer29.8 27602-900503-0956 -Jer29.9 27603-900503-0957 -Jer29.10 27604-900503-0958 -Jer29.11 27605-900503-0959 -Jer29.12 27606-900503-1000 -Jer29.13 27607-900503-1003 -Jer29.14 27608-900503-1003 -Jer29.15 27609-900503-1004 -Jer29.16 27610-900503-1005 -Jer29.17 27611-900503-1006 -Jer29.18 27612-900507-0901 -Jer29.19 27613-900507-0903 -Jer29.20 prophet to the captives in Babylon, and the first ends with this verse. That having heard, on the return of the embassy, that the captives had received his advices favourably, and because they were deceived by false prophets, who promised them a speedier deliverance, he therefore wrote a second letter, beginning with the fifteenth verse, and going on with the twenty-first, (in which order these verses are read in the Septuagint,) in which he denounces God's judgments on the three chief of those, Ahab, Zedekiah, and Shemaiah. all ye 27614-900507-0904 -Jer29.21 27615-900507-0904 -Jer29.22 27616-900507-0905 -Jer29.23 27617-900507-0906 -Jer29.24 27618-900507-0907 -Jer29.25 27619-900507-0908 -Jer29.26 27620-900507-0908 -Jer29.27 27621-900507-0909 -Jer29.28 27622-900507-0909 -Jer29.29 27623-900507-0909 -Jer29.30 27624-900507-0910 -Jer29.31 27625-900507-0911 -Jer29.32 27626-900507-0912 -Jer30.1 01 God shews Jeremiah the return of the Jews 04 After their trouble they shall have deliverance 10 He comforts Jacob 18 Their return shall be gracious 23 Wrath shall fall on the wicked 27627-900507-0913 -Jer30.2 27628-900507-0914 -Jer30.3 27629-900507-0915 -Jer30.4 27630-900507-0917 -Jer30.5 27631-900507-0918 -Jer30.6 27632-900507-0919 -Jer30.7 27633-900507-0923 -Jer30.8 27634-900507-0924 -Jer30.9 27635-900507-0925 -Jer30.10 27636-900507-0926 -Jer30.11 27637-900507-0926 -Jer30.12 27638-900507-0927 -Jer30.13 27639-900507-0928 -Jer30.14 27640-900507-0931 -Jer30.15 27641-900507-0933 -Jer30.16 27642-900507-0934 -Jer30.17 27643-900507-0936 -Jer30.18 27644-900507-0938 -Jer30.19 27645-900507-0938 -Jer30.20 27646-900507-0941 -Jer30.21 27647-900507-0942 -Jer30.22 27648-900507-0942 -Jer30.23 27649-900507-0943 -Jer30.24 27650-900507-0947 -Jer31.1 01 The restoration of Israel 10 The publication thereof 15 Rahel mourning is comforted 18 Ephraim repenting is brought home again 22 Christ is promised 27 His care over the church 31 His new covenant 35 The stability 38 And amplitude of the church 27651-900507-0949 -Jer31.2 27652-900507-0951 -Jer31.3 kindness unto 27653-900507-0952 -Jer31.4 27654-900507-0953 -Jer31.5 27655-900507-0954 -Jer31.6 27656-900507-0956 -Jer31.7 27657-900507-0957 -Jer31.8 27658-900507-0959 -Jer31.9 27659-900507-1000 -Jer31.10 27660-900507-1001 -Jer31.11 27661-900507-1002 -Jer31.12 27662-900507-1008 -Jer31.13 27663-900507-1009 -Jer31.14 27664-900507-1010 -Jer31.15 27665-900507-1012 -Jer31.16 27666-900507-1015 -Jer31.17 27667-900507-1017 -Jer31.18 27668-900507-1019 -Jer31.19 27669-900507-1021 -Jer31.20 27670-900507-1022 -Jer31.21 27671-900507-1026 -Jer31.22 namely a virgin,') shall encompass a man,' or a male child: which together with the addition of a new creation, may well be understood to denote the miraculous conception. Hence the Jews have applied it determinately to the Messiah. In berashith Rabba it is said, that as God punished Israel in a virgin, so would he also heal; and in Midrash Tillim, on Ps 2. R. Huna, in the name of R. Idi, speaking of the sufferings of the Messiah, says, that when his hour is come, God shall say, "I must create him with a new creation; and so he saith, This day I have begotten thee." 27672-900507-1027 -Jer31.23 27673-900507-1027 -Jer31.24 27674-900507-1028 -Jer31.25 27675-900507-1028 -Jer31.26 27676-900507-1029 -Jer31.27 27677-900507-1030 -Jer31.28 27678-900507-1030 -Jer31.29 27679-900507-1031 -Jer31.30 27680-900507-1031 -Jer31.31 27681-900507-1034 -Jer31.32 27682-900507-1035 -Jer31.33 27683-900507-1037 -Jer31.34 27684-900507-1038 -Jer31.35 27685-900507-1039 -Jer31.36 27686-900507-1043 -Jer31.37 27687-900507-1044 -Jer31.38 27688-900507-1044 -Jer31.39 27689-900507-1045 -Jer31.40 27690-900509-0652 -Jer32.1 01 Jeremiah, being imprisoned by Zedekiah for his prophecy 06 Buys Hanameel's field 13 Baruch must preserve the evidences, as tokens of the people's return 16 Jeremiah in his prayer complains to God 26 God confirms the captivity for their sins 36 And promises a gracious return. 27691-900509-0654 -Jer32.2 preceding year, and continued a year after, ending in the fifth month of the following year; consequently the siege must have lasted eighteen months and twenty-seven days. 27692-900509-0655 -Jer32.3 27693-900509-0655 -Jer32.4 27694-900509-0656 -Jer32.5 27695-900509-0656 -Jer32.6 27696-900509-0657 -Jer32.7 27697-900509-0700 -Jer32.8 this purchase; the whole of which was designed as a symbolical act, to shew the people, that although Judah and Jerusalem should be desolated, and the inhabitants carried captive to Babylon, yet there should be a restoration, when lands and possessions should be again enjoyed by their legal owners, in the same manner as formerly. During the famine that prevailed in the city, Hanameel probably wanted money to purchase bread, and his field would not be thought of much value in such circumstances, which may account for the stipulated sum being so very small; for a 2s 6d. the shekel, it would only amount of about 2l.2s.6d. 27698-900509-0701 -Jer32.9 of silver 27699-900509-0702 -Jer32.10 27700-900509-0702 -Jer32.11 27701-900509-0703 -Jer32.12 27702-900509-0703 -Jer32.13 27703-900509-0703 -Jer32.14 27704-900509-0704 -Jer32.15 27705-900509-0704 -Jer32.16 27706-900509-0706 -Jer32.17 27707-900509-0707 -Jer32.18 27708-900509-0708 -Jer32.19 27709-900509-0709 -Jer32.20 27710-900509-0710 -Jer32.21 27711-900509-0713 -Jer32.22 27712-900509-0712 -Jer32.23 27713-900509-0715 -Jer32.24 on; and so formed as to be capable of being moved forwards towards the city. 27714-900509-0715 -Jer32.25 3 je 32.24 ps 77.19 97.2 jno 13.7 ro 11.33,34 27715-900509-0716 -Jer32.26 27716-900509-0716 -Jer32.27 27717-900509-0717 -Jer32.28 27718-900509-0717 -Jer32.29 27719-900509-0718 -Jer32.30 27720-900509-0720 -Jer32.31 27721-900509-0720 -Jer32.32 27722-900509-0721 -Jer32.33 27723-900509-0721 -Jer32.34 27724-900509-0723 -Jer32.35 27725-900509-0723 -Jer32.36 27726-900509-0727 -Jer32.37 extent was not made good to those that returned from captivity; because they were frequently infested with wars, as well by the kings of Syria and Egypt as by the rest of their neighbours; and they were finally subdued and destroyed by the Romans'. God's word cannot fail; therefore there remaineth yet a rest for the ancient people of God 27727-900509-0727 -Jer32.38 27728-900509-0729 -Jer32.39 27729-900509-0730 -Jer32.40 27730-900509-0731 -Jer32.41 27731-900509-0731 -Jer32.42 27732-900509-0732 -Jer32.43 27733-900509-0734 -Jer32.44 take a good price in Judah and Jerusalem; and though they now are almost valueless, there shall again be a sufficiency of purchasers. Trade shall revive, for they shall have money enough to buy land with; husbandry shall revive, for those that have money, shall covet to lay it out upon lands; laws shall again have their due course, for they shall subscribe evidences, and seal them. 27734-900511-0333 -Jer33.1 01 God promises to the captivity a gracious return 09 A joyful state 12 A settled government 15 Christ the branch of righteousness 17 A continuance of kingdom and priesthood 19 And a stability of a blessed seed Zedekiah, Jeremiah being still shut up in prison; but he was now in the court of the prison, where the elders and the king's officers might consult him with the greater ease. He 27735-900511-0336 -Jer33.2 to perform that which He is now about to promise; thus rendered by Dahler; 'Thus saith the Eternal, who doeth that which he hath said.' 27736-900511-0338 -Jer33.3 27737-900511-0338 -Jer33.4 27738-900511-0339 -Jer33.5 27739-900511-0342 -Jer33.6 others; but health, or the healing or closing of a wound, as the cognate Arabic areekat signifies, from araka, to heal. and will 27740-900511-0343 -Jer33.7 27741-900511-0344 -Jer33.8 27742-900511-0348 -Jer33.9 27743-900511-0349 -Jer33.10 27744-900511-0351 -Jer33.11 27745-900511-0352 -Jer33.12 27746-900511-0353 -Jer33.13 27747-900511-0354 -Jer33.14 27748-900511-0419 -Jer33.15 27749-900511-0420 -Jer33.16 27750-900511-0421 -Jer33.17 David 27751-900511-0421 -Jer33.18 27752-900511-0422 -Jer33.19 27753-900511-0422 -Jer33.20 27754-900511-0425 -Jer33.21 time, a period of nearly eighteen hundred years, the Jews have had neither a king nor any form of government whatever; nor has the office of high priest, or priest of any kind offering sacrifice, been exercised among them during the same period. Hence this must be understood of the spiritual David, Jesus Christ, both the king and High Priest of his church, 'the Israel of God,' in whom the covenant of royalty with David and his seed, and that of priesthood with Aaron and his seed, have received their full accomplishment; and all the sacrifices of that dispensation were superseded by his 'one oblation of himself,' the efficacy of which remains for ever. 27755-900511-0426 -Jer33.22 27756-900511-0427 -Jer33.23 27757-900511-0427 -Jer33.24 27758-900511-0428 -Jer33.25 27759-900511-0429 -Jer33.26 27760-900511-0458 -Jer34.1 01 Jeremiah prophesies the captivity of Zedekiah and the city 08 The princes and the people having dismissed their bond-servants, contrary to the covenant of God, re-assume them 12 Jeremiah, for their disobedience, gives them and Zedekiah into the hands of their enemies. discourses, one concerning the taking of the city, and Zedekiah's captivity and death; and the other containing an invective against the inhabitants of Jerusalem for retaining their Hebrew slaves; both of which were delivered in the tenth year of Zedekiah. When 27761-900511-0459 -Jer34.2 27762-900511-0500 -Jer34.3 speak to thy mouth 27763-900511-0500 -Jer34.4 27764-900511-0501 -Jer34.5 27765-900511-0502 -Jer34.6 27766-900511-0503 -Jer34.7 27767-900511-0504 -Jer34.8 27768-900511-0504 -Jer34.9 27769-900511-0505 -Jer34.10 27770-900511-0507 -Jer34.11 27771-900511-0507 -Jer34.12 27772-900511-0508 -Jer34.13 27773-900511-0510 -Jer34.14 sabbatical year had been wholly neglected some centuries before the captivity; and the author of the second book of Chronicles assigns this as a reason for the captivity, 'that the land might enjoy her sabbaths.' Now, if we reckon the seventy years' captivity as a punishment for this neglect, it will follow that the law on this subject had been disregarded for about 490 years. 27774-900511-0511 -Jer34.15 27775-900511-0512 -Jer34.16 27776-900511-0514 -Jer34.17 restrained the sword from cutting them off; but now having resumed their authority over them, He proclaimed liberty to these dire judgments to sieze upon, and destroy them. 27777-900511-0515 -Jer34.18 27778-900511-0516 -Jer34.19 27779-900511-0516 -Jer34.20 27780-900511-0517 -Jer34.21 27781-900511-0519 -Jer34.22 obstinate defence, took it, plundered it, and burnt it to the ground, taking Zedekiah, his princes, and people, captive. 27782-900511-0557 -Jer35.1 01 By the obedience of the Rechabites 12 Jeremiah condemns the disobedience of the Jews 18 God blesses the Rechabites for their obedience delivered in the fourth year of Jehoiakim's reign, when the king of Babylon made war against him. in the 27783-900511-0558 -Jer35.2 27784-900511-0559 -Jer35.3 27785-900511-0600 -Jer35.4 27786-900511-0601 -Jer35.5 27787-900511-0607 -Jer35.6 of God, and who lived about three hundred years before this time, had probably practised these rules himself; and having trained up his children to habits of abstemiousness, he enjoined them and their posterity to adhere to them. In these regulations he seems to have had no religious, but merely a prudential view, as is intimated in the reason annexed to them 'that ye may live many days in the land where ye be strangers.' And this would be the natural consequence of observing these rules; for their temperate mode of living would very much contribute to preserve health and prolong life; and they would avoid giving umbrage, or exciting the jealousy or envy of the Jews, who might have been provoked, by their engaging an succeeding in the principal business in which they themselves were engaged, agriculture and vine-dressing to expel them their country; by which they would have been deprived of the religious advantages they enjoyed. in 1CH 2.55, they are termed scribes, which intimates that they were engaged in some kind of literary employments. 27788-900511-0607 -Jer35.7 27789-900511-0607 -Jer35.8 27790-900511-0608 -Jer35.9 27791-900511-0608 -Jer35.10 27792-900511-0609 -Jer35.11 27793-900511-0609 -Jer35.12 27794-900511-0609 -Jer35.13 27795-900511-0610 -Jer35.14 27796-900511-0612 -Jer35.15 27797-900511-0612 -Jer35.16 27798-900511-0614 -Jer35.17 convicted the Jews of ingratitude and rebellion, He now proceeds to pass sentence against them. Behold. 27799-900511-0614 -Jer35.18 27800-900511-0616 -Jer35.19 the son of Rechab to stand. 27801-900505-2126 -Jer36.1 5-10 and publicly to read it 11-18 The princes, having intelligence thereof by Michaiah, send Jehudi to fetch the roll and read it 19 The will Baruch to hide himself and Jeremeiah 20-26 The king, Jehoikim, being certified thereof, hears part of it and burns the roll 27-31 Jeremiah denounces his judgment 32 Baruch writes a new copy 27802-900505-2130 -Jer36.2 27803-900505-2135 -Jer36.3 27804-900505-2137 -Jer36.4 Baruch is supposed to have been a disciple of Jeremiah; and being a ready scribe, he was employed by the prophet as amanuenis 27805-900505-2140 -Jer36.5 27806-900505-2141 -Jer36.6 27807-900505-2144 -Jer36.7 shall fall 27808-900505-2145 -Jer36.8 27809-900505-2147 -Jer36.9 27810-900505-2149 -Jer36.10 27811-900505-2150 -Jer36.11 27812-900505-2153 -Jer36.12 27813-900505-2154 -Jer36.13 27814-900505-2155 -Jer36.14 27815-900505-2155 -Jer36.15 27816-900505-2156 -Jer36.16 27817-900505-2157 -Jer36.17 27818-900505-2204 -Jer36.18 {Baddeyo} us rendered by some, [after him]; but {deyo} (in Chaldee and Syriac {deyootha, and in Welsh {du}},) certainly denotes {ink} whence are derived the Arabic {dawat} and {deweet}, and Persian {deeveet, an ink holder} the Syriac {dayowo}, and Persian {div}, the devil. So the Alendrain copy of the LXX, has [], and Vulgate {atramento} `with ink' Perhaps the princes supposed that Baruch had written this roll from memory; and that it was rather to be considered as his composition, than the substance of jerimiah's prophecies; and they might ask this apparently frivolous question in order to allay the alarms excited by considering it as the word of God. But Baruch, with great simplicity, so answered their question, as to shew that he only acted as Jeremiah's amanuensis, and wrote verbatim what he had dictated. 27819-900505-2205 -Jer36.19 27820-900505-2206 -Jer36.20 27821-900505-2207 -Jer36.21 27822-900505-2210 -Jer36.22 snow is often upon the ground in Palestine,) in which was a pan or brazier ({ach, or ikhkh}, as it is pronounced in Arabic) of burning charcoal; for we learn from Bp Pococke, and Dr. Russuel, that this was the mode in which the Orientals warmed their apartments 27823-900505-2211 -Jer36.23 27824-900505-2213 -Jer36.24 27825-900505-2214 -Jer36.25 27826-900505-2217 -Jer36.26 27827-900505-2218 -Jer36.27 27828-900505-2219 -Jer36.28 27829-900505-2221 -Jer36.29 27830-900505-2229 -Jer36.30 Sir J. Chardin observes, `In the Lower asia, in particular, the day is always hot; and as soon as the sun is fifteen degrees above the horizon, no cold is felt in the depth of winter itself. On the contrary, in the height of summer the nights are as cold as at Paris in the month of March. It is for this reason that in Persia and Turkey they always make use of furred habits in the country, such only being sufficient to resist the cold of the nights. I have travelled in Arabia, and in Mesoptamia, (the theatre of the adventures of Jacob,) both in winter and in summer, and have found the truth of what the Patriarch said, `That he was scorched with the heat in the day, and stiffened with cold in the night.' This contrariety in the qualities of the air in twenty-four hours is extremely great in some places, and not conceivable by those that have not felt it; one would imagine that he had passed in a moment fron the violent heats of summer to the depth of winter. Thus it had pleased God to temper the heat of the sun by the coldness of night, without which the greatest part of the East would be barren, and a desert." 27831-900505-2231 -Jer36.31 27832-900505-2233 -Jer36.32 27833-900505-2324 -Jer37.1 king Zedekiah sends to Jeremiah to pray for the people 6-10 Jeremiah propheises the Chaldeans' certain return and victory 11-15 He is taken for a fugitive, beaten, and put in prison 16,17 He assures Zedekiah of the captivity 18-21 Intreating for his liberty, he obtains some favour 27834-900505-2327 -Jer37.2 27835-900505-2329 -Jer37.3 27836-900505-2329 -Jer37.4 27837-900505-2334 -Jer37.5 This was Pharaoh Hophra, or Apries, as he is called by Herodotus, who succeeded his father Psammis on the throne of Egypt, A.M. 3410 B.C. 594, and reigned twenty-five years. Having entered into a confederacy with Zedekiah, caused Nebuchadnezzar to raise the siege of Jerusalem to meet him; during which period the transactions detailed here took place 27838-900505-2334 -Jer37.6 27839-900505-2335 -Jer37.7 27840-900505-2336 -Jer37.8 27841-900505-2337 -Jer37.9 27842-900505-2338 -Jer37.10 27843-900505-2339 -Jer37.11 27844-900505-2340 -Jer37.12 27845-900505-2342 -Jer37.13 27846-900505-2348 -Jer37.14 27847-900505-2353 -Jer37.15 27848-900505-2354 -Jer37.16 27849-900505-2357 -Jer37.17 27850-900505-2358 -Jer37.18 27851-900506-0000 -Jer37.19 27852-900506-0001 -Jer37.20 27853-900506-0005 -Jer37.21 27854-900506-1428 -Jer38.1 Malchiah 7-13 Edeb-melech, by suit, gets him some enlargement 14-23 Upon secret conference, he counsels the king by yielding to save his life 24-28 By the king's instructions he conceals the conference from the princes. 27855-900506-1430 -Jer38.2 27856-900506-1430 -Jer38.3 27857-900506-1432 -Jer38.4 27858-900506-1433 -Jer38.5 27859-900506-1444 -Jer38.6 This dungeon, which seems to have belonged to one of Zedekiah's sons, appears to have been a most dreadful place; the horrors of which were probably augmented by the cruelty of the jailor. `The eastern people,' observes Sir J. Chardin, `have not different prisons for the different classes of criminals; the judges do not trouble themselves about where the prisoners are confined, or how they are treated, considering it merely as a place of safety; and all that they require of the jailor is, that the prisoner be forthcoming when called for. As to the rest, he is master to do as he pleases; to treat him ill or well; to put him in irons or not; to shut him in close, or hold him in easier restraint; to admit people to him, or to suffer nobody to see him. If the jailor and his servants have large fees, let the person be the greatest rascal in the world, he shall be lodged in the jailor's own apartment, and the best part of it; and on the contrary, if those that have imprisoned a man give the jailor greater presents, or that he has a greater regard for them, he will treat the prisoner with the greatest inhumanity.' This adds a double energy to those passages which speak of `the sighing of the prisoner' and to Jeremiah's supplicating that he might not be remanded to the dungeon of Jonathan. 27860-900506-1446 -Jer38.7 27861-900506-1446 -Jer38.8 27862-900506-1448 -Jer38.9 27863-900506-1448 -Jer38.10 27864-900506-1448 -Jer38.11 27865-900506-1449 -Jer38.12 27866-900506-1450 -Jer38.13 27867-900506-1451 -Jer38.14 27868-900506-1452 -Jer38.15 27869-900506-1453 -Jer38.16 27870-900506-1454 -Jer38.17 27871-900506-1455 -Jer38.18 27872-900506-1457 -Jer38.19 27873-900506-1458 -Jer38.20 27874-900506-1502 -Jer38.21 27875-900506-1511 -Jer38.22 Mr. Harmer would render, `and here (hennah, or reading hinneh, behold,) the women (wont to sing on public occasions) shall say, ' etc.; observing `that these bitter speeches much better suit the lips of women belonging to the conquering nation, singing before a captive prince, than of his own wives and concubines.' This he illustrates by the following extract from Della Valle: When he was at Lar, in Persia, the king of Ormuz was brough thither in triumph; and `this poor unfortunate king entered LAr, with his people, in the morning, music playing, and girls and women singing and dancing before him, according to the custom of Persia, and the people flocking together with a prodigious concourse, and conducting him in a pompous and magnificent manner, particularly with colours displayed, like what the Messenians formerely did to Philopoemen, the general of the Athenians, their prisoner of war, according to the report of Justin.' 27876-900506-1513 -Jer38.23 27877-900506-1513 -Jer38.24 27878-900506-1514 -Jer38.25 27879-900506-1515 -Jer38.26 27880-900506-1516 -Jer38.27 27881-900506-1516 -Jer38.28 27882-900506-1525 -Jer39.1 4-7 Zedekiah is made blind and sent to Babylon 8 The city laid in ruins 9,10 and the people captivated 11,14 Nebuchadrezzar's charge for the good usage of Jeremiah 15-18 God's promise to Ebed-melech This was the month Tebeth the city. 27883-900506-1527 -Jer39.2 This was the month Tammuz, which commences with the first moon of July: the siege had lasted just eighteen months 27884-900506-1533 -Jer39.3 These were the principal commanders; but Dr. Blayney thinks that, instead of six persons, we have in reality but three, as the name that follows each is the title of the office. Thus Nergal -Sharezer, who was Samgar-nebo, or keeper, i.e, priest of Nebo; Sarsechim, who was Rab-saris, or chief eunuch; and Nergal-sharezer, who was Rab-meg, or chief magi; as the words mog in Persian, magoos in Arabic, magooshia in Syriac, and [] in Greek, signify; and we learn from Justin and Curtius that the magi attended the king in war. 27885-900506-1535 -Jer39.4 27886-900506-1537 -Jer39.5 27887-900506-1538 -Jer39.6 27888-900506-1540 -Jer39.7 27889-900506-1541 -Jer39.8 27890-900506-1543 -Jer39.9 executioners, or slaughter-men 27891-900506-1544 -Jer39.10 27892-900506-1546 -Jer39.11 Nebuchadnezzar must have frequently heard of Jeremiah's predictions, many of which were now fulfilled, which would dispose him to respect his character and treat him with kindness. 27893-900506-1548 -Jer39.12 27894-900506-1548 -Jer39.13 27895-900506-1551 -Jer39.14 27896-900506-1552 -Jer39.15 27897-900506-1554 -Jer39.16 27898-900506-1556 -Jer39.17 27899-900506-1557 -Jer39.18 27900-900506-1626 -Jer40.1 7-12 The dispersed Jews repair unto him 13-16 Johanan revealing Ishmael's conspiracy is not believed This, and the four following chapters, record the events which occurred in Judea from the taking of Jerusalem to the retreat of the remnant of the people to Egypt; and contain several prophecies of Jeremiah concerning them there; which were `the word which came to Jeremiah from the Lord.' It appears that Jeremiah, after being freed from prison, continued among the Jews, till he was bound, with others of them, and carried to Ramah; where he was set a liberty in the manner related. 27901-900506-1627 -Jer40.2 27902-900506-1629 -Jer40.3 27903-900506-1629 -Jer40.4 27904-900506-1633 -Jer40.5 allowance, sufficient for the journey,) and a present,' masseath. 27905-900506-1637 -Jer40.6 It has been doubted whether Jeremiah acted prudently in this decision, as the event seems to indicate the contrary, and as it was the evident meaning of all his predictions that the Jews should not prosper in their own country till the expiration of the seventy years. But he was evidently influenced by the most unbounded love to his country, for whose welfare he had watched, prayed, and lived; and he now chose rather to share her adversities, her sorrows, her wants, her afflictions, and her disgrace, than to be the companion of princes, and to sit at the table of kings. His patriotism was as unbounded as it was sincere: he only ceased to live for country when he ceased to breathe. 27906-900506-1639 -Jer40.7 27907-900506-1641 -Jer40.8 27908-900506-1643 -Jer40.9 27909-900506-1644 -Jer40.10 27910-900506-1644 -Jer40.11 27911-900506-1645 -Jer40.12 27912-900506-1650 -Jer40.13 Johanan and his companions seem to have acted honestly in this affair. They had received intelligence of designs formed against Gedaliah's life, and consequently against the whole new settlement. Ishmael, being a branch of David's family, was probably displeased that another was preferred above him; and the king of the Ammonites, out of hatred to the Jews, employed him to slay Gedaliah. But Gedaliah, conscious of his own integrity and benevolance, took the portrait of others from his own mind; and therefore believed evil of no man, because he felt none towards any in his own breast. He may be reproached for being too credulous and confiding; but this only serves to shew the greatness of his soul; for a little mind is always suspicious, and ready to believe the worst of every person and thing. 27913-900506-1653 -Jer40.14 27914-900506-1654 -Jer40.15 27915-900506-1654 -Jer40.16 27916-900506-1703 -Jer41.1 with the residue to flee unto the Ammonites 11-18 Johanan recovers the captives, and is minded to flee into Egypt. This was the month Tisri, answering to the new moon of September, the seventh of the sacred, but the first of the civil year; on the third day of which the Jews keep a fast, in commemeration of the death of Gedaliah, to which the prophet Zechariah refers. 27917-900506-1704 -Jer41.2 27918-900506-1704 -Jer41.3 27919-900506-1705 -Jer41.4 27920-900506-1709 -Jer41.5 All these were signs of deep mourning; which, though forbidden on funeral occasions, were customary, and perhaps counted allowable, on seasons of public calamity, and this mourning was probably on account of the destruction of Jerusalem. 27921-900506-1710 -Jer41.6 27922-900506-1712 -Jer41.7 27923-900506-1715 -Jer41.8 These `treasures hid in the field' were doubtless laid up in subterranean pits, similar to the mattamores in Barbary, in which, Dr. Shaw informs us, they deposit the grain when winnowed; two or three hundred of them being sometimes together, and the smallest holding four hundred bushels. The same mode of keeping corn prevails in Syria and the holy land. 27924-900506-1718 -Jer41.9 This was probably a large reservoir for receiving rain water, which Asa had caused to be made in the midst of the city, in case of a siege. side of Gedaliah. 27925-900506-1719 -Jer41.10 27926-900506-1722 -Jer41.11 27927-900506-1723 -Jer41.12 27928-900506-1724 -Jer41.13 they appear to have been weary of the tyranny of Ishmael, and glad of an opportunity to abandon him. 27929-900506-1725 -Jer41.14 27930-900506-1726 -Jer41.15 27931-900506-1727 -Jer41.16 27932-900506-1731 -Jer41.17 As Johanan and the other princes had taken a decided part against Ishmael, they had no sufficient reason to fear that the Chaldeans would revenge on them the murder of Gedaliah; but perhaps Johanan was unwilling to be superseded in the command which he had rightly assumed, and so used his influence to induce the whole company to take refuge in Egypt; and their old attachment to the Egyptians rendered them more ready to concur in this ruinous measure. 27933-900506-1732 -Jer41.18 27934-900506-1759 -Jer42.1 obedience to his will 7-12 Jeremiah assures him of safety in Judea 13-18 and destruction in Egypt 19-22 He reproves their hypocrisy, in enquiring of the Lord that which they mean not to follow 27935-900506-1801 -Jer42.2 27936-900506-1802 -Jer42.3 27937-900506-1809 -Jer42.4 The princes seem to have wholly neglected Jeremiah, till on this occasion they wanted his sanction to their purpose of going to Egypt. In order to induce him to favour them, they applied to him with one consent, in the most respectful and plausible manner: they used language to preposses him with a favourable opinion of them, and to move his compassion; and, in words expressing great humility. they entreated his prayers in their behalf, and that he would enquire of the Lord what he would have them to to do. The prophet readily acquisced; and doubted not but that he should receive an answer from God, which he would unreservedly declare to them; and they called the Lord to witness that they would implicitly follow his directions. 27938-900506-1810 -Jer42.5 27939-900506-1811 -Jer42.6 27940-900506-1814 -Jer42.7 the enquiries of the people; who probably thus delayed to make known his will, in order to shew them that Jeremiah did not speak of his own mind, but when and as he was directed. The delay was also suited to give time for consideration, and to retard their rash project, and, as it would render them impatient, it tended to detect their hypocrisy, and to shew more clearly their determined rebellion against God. 27941-900506-1815 -Jer42.8 27942-900506-1816 -Jer42.9 27943-900506-1818 -Jer42.10 27944-900506-1819 -Jer42.11 27945-900506-1820 -Jer42.12 27946-900506-1820 -Jer42.13 27947-900506-1821 -Jer42.14 27948-900506-1824 -Jer42.15 If ye are determined to go into Egypt, the evils which you dreaded by staying in your own land shall overtake and destroy you there; `and there shall ye die.' God turned the policy of the wicked to their own destruction; for while they thought themselves safe in Egypt, there Nebuchadnezzar destroyed both them and the Egyptians. 27949-900506-1825 -Jer42.16 27950-900506-1826 -Jer42.17 27951-900506-1830 -Jer42.18 The people had witnessed the tremendous effects of the wrath of God, in the siege and destruction of Jerusalem; and had they not been past feeling, this denunciation must have made their ears tingle, and appalled their very souls. 27952-900506-1833 -Jer42.19 God knew, that such was their miserable propensity to idolatry, that they would adopt the idolatorus worship of Egypt. Add to which, their going thither for protection was in effect refusing to submit to the king of Babylon, to whom God had decreed the rule of Judah and the neighboring kingdoms. 27953-900506-1836 -Jer42.20 God made known to the prophet thier dissimulation; which he shunned not to declare to them souls 27954-900506-1837 -Jer42.21 27955-900506-1838 -Jer42.22 27956-900506-1840 -Jer43.1 the rest in Egypt. 8-13 Jeremiah prophesies by a type the conquest of Egypt by the Babylonians. 27957-900506-1844 -Jer43.2 They had no other colour for their rebellion than flatly to deny that God had spoken what the prophet had declared, the constant method of hypocrites and infidels, who pretend that they are not satisfied of the truth of Divine revelation, when the true cause of thier unbelief is, that the commands of God contradict their lusts and appetites. 27958-900506-1845 -Jer43.3 27959-900506-1846 -Jer43.4 27960-900506-1847 -Jer43.5 27961-900506-1847 -Jer43.6 27962-900506-1849 -Jer43.7 27963-900506-1849 -Jer43.8 27964-900506-1850 -Jer43.9 27965-900506-1852 -Jer43.10 27966-900506-1855 -Jer43.11 27967-900506-1857 -Jer43.12 27968-900506-1858 -Jer43.13 [heb] statues, or standing images. 27969-900506-2203 -Jer44.1 idolatry 11-14 He prophesies their destruction, who commit idolatry in Egypt 15-19 The obstinacy of the jews 20-28 For which Jeremiah threatens them 29,30 and for a sign prophesies the destruction of Egypt Dahler supposes this discourse to have been delivered in the seventeenth or eighteenth year after the taking of Jerusalem Tahpanhes, rendered [] and [] by the LXX is no doubt the [] of Herodotus, a royal city of Lower Egypt, situated, according to the Itinerary of Antoninus, sixteen miles south from Pelusium, from which it was called Daphnce Pelusicae. Forster says that there is now a place situated in the vicinity of Pelusium called Safnas, which may be a vestige of the ancient name. It appears to have been the very first town in Egypt, in the road from Palestine, that afforded tolerable accomodation for the fugitives. It was at this place that, according to Jerome and several of the ancients, tradition says the faithful Jeremiah was stoned to death by these rebellious wretches, for whose welfare he had watched, prayed, and suffered every kind of indignity and hardship. 27970-900506-2205 -Jer44.2 27971-900506-2206 -Jer44.3 27972-900506-2207 -Jer44.4 27973-900506-2209 -Jer44.5 27974-900506-2211 -Jer44.6 27975-900506-2214 -Jer44.7 27976-900506-2215 -Jer44.8 27977-900506-2217 -Jer44.9 27978-900506-2219 -Jer44.10 27979-900506-2220 -Jer44.11 27980-900506-2221 -Jer44.12 27981-900506-2222 -Jer44.13 27982-900506-2229 -Jer44.14 It is evident from verse 28, that some Jews were to escape the general destruction in Egypt, and to return into their own country, though but a few; and the same thing is implied in the latter clause of this verse. But the former part excludes from the number of those who should escape every individual of those who are properly termed `the remnant of Judah;' those who had willingly and rebelliously `set their faces to go into the land of Egypt to dwell there,' on a presumption that they knew better than God how to consult their own restoration. The few, then, who were destined to escape, were to be such as had come into the the land of Egypt with Johanan by compulsion, or had previously fled thither, or in some other less offensive manner, and chanced to be there when the storm burst upon them. 27983-900506-2230 -Jer44.15 27984-900506-2231 -Jer44.16 27985-900506-2240 -Jer44.17 As the Sun was worshipped, not only under the name of baal shamayim, `Lord of heaven,' but also by that of Molech, or King; it is likely also that the Moon was adored as melecheth hashshamayim, `the Queen of heaven.' So the Orphic hymn addressed to the Moon begins [], Hearm goddess Queen. And Homer, in his Hymn to the Moon, addresses her, [] All hail, Queen, goddess. In Epiphanius, we find some women of Arabia, towards the end of the fourth century, had set up another queen of heaven, the Virgin Mary, too well known since under that name and character, whom they likewise worshipped as a goddness, by holding stated assemblies every year to her honour, and by offering a cake of bread in her name; whence these heretics were called Collyridians, from the Greek [], a cake. 27986-900506-2241 -Jer44.18 27987-900506-2242 -Jer44.19 27988-900506-2242 -Jer44.20 27989-900506-2244 -Jer44.21 27990-900506-2245 -Jer44.22 27991-900506-2247 -Jer44.23 27992-900506-2248 -Jer44.24 27993-900506-2249 -Jer44.25 27994-900506-2251 -Jer44.26 27995-900506-2252 -Jer44.27 27996-900506-2254 -Jer44.28 27997-900506-2255 -Jer44.29 27998-900506-2257 -Jer44.30 27999-900507-2208 -Jer45.1 4,5 Jeremiah instructs and comforts him 28000-900507-2209 -Jer45.2 28001-900507-2211 -Jer45.3 28002-900507-2212 -Jer45.4 28003-900507-2213 -Jer45.5 28004-910921-1356 -Jer46.1 Euphrates 13-26 and the conquest of Egypt by Nebuchadrezzar 27,28 He comforts Jacob in his chastisement This is a general title to the prophecies contained in this and the following chapters, concerning different nations which had less or more connexion with the Jews, either as enemies, neighbors, or allies. They were not delivered at the same time: to some the date is annexed; in others it is left uncertain. 28005-900507-2222 -Jer46.2 28006-900507-2223 -Jer46.3 their forces; and implies that all their courage and efforts would be vain. 28007-900507-2224 -Jer46.4 28008-900507-2226 -Jer46.5 28009-900507-2228 -Jer46.6 28010-900507-2229 -Jer46.7 28011-900507-2230 -Jer46.8 28012-900507-2232 -Jer46.9 28013-900507-2234 -Jer46.10 28014-900507-2236 -Jer46.11 28015-900507-2237 -Jer46.12 28016-900507-2240 -Jer46.13 28017-900507-2241 -Jer46.14 28018-900507-2242 -Jer46.15 28019-900507-2243 -Jer46.16 28020-900507-2244 -Jer46.17 28021-900507-2245 -Jer46.18 28022-900507-2252 -Jer46.19 of captivity. Noph of Moph, is the celebrated city of Memphis, and the Chaldee and LXX render; long the residence of the ancient Egyptian kings, and situated fifteen miles above where the delta begins, on the western side of the Nile. It was in the neighborhood of Memphis that the famous pyramids were erected, whose grandeur and beauty still astonish the modern traveller: they are about twenty in number; the largest of which is 481 feet perpendicular height, and the area of its basis is on 480,249 square feet, or something more than eleven acres, being exactly the size of Lincoln's Inn Fields in London. The immense ruins between the northern and southern pyramids, and about fourteen miles from Cairo, still called Memf, Menf, or Menouf, seem to mark the site of this city. 28023-900507-2252 -Jer46.20 28024-900507-2255 -Jer46.21 28025-900507-2256 -Jer46.22 28026-900507-2256 -Jer46.23 28027-900507-2257 -Jer46.24 28028-900507-2259 -Jer46.25 28029-900507-2300 -Jer46.26 28030-900507-2302 -Jer46.27 28031-900507-2305 -Jer46.28 28032-900507-2307 -Jer47.1 28033-900508-2037 -Jer47.2 28034-900508-2038 -Jer47.3 28035-900508-2043 -Jer47.4 28036-900508-2045 -Jer47.5 28037-900508-2046 -Jer47.6 28038-900508-2048 -Jer47.7 28039-900508-2103 -Jer48.1 7-10 for their pride 11-13 for their security 14-25 for their carn confidence 26-46 and for their contempt of God and his people 47 The restoration of Moab 28040-900508-2106 -Jer48.2 28041-900508-2107 -Jer48.3 28042-900508-2109 -Jer48.4 This prophecy against Moab, as well as the following ones con- cerning Ammon, Edom, and the neighboring countries, seem to have been fulfilled during the long siege of Tyre by Nebuchannezzar. Josephus places these events five years after the destruction of Jerusalem. 28043-900508-2112 -Jer48.5 Luhith is placed by Eusebius between Areopis, or Ar, and Zoar. It was evidently situated upon a height; as was also Horonaim, which was probably not far from Luhith. 28044-900508-2113 -Jer48.6 28045-900508-2116 -Jer48.7 28046-900508-2117 -Jer48.8 28047-900508-2118 -Jer48.9 28048-900508-2119 -Jer48.10 28049-900508-2121 -Jer48.11 28050-900508-2122 -Jer48.12 28051-900508-2123 -Jer48.13 28052-900508-2125 -Jer48.14 28053-900508-2127 -Jer48.15 28054-900508-2128 -Jer48.16 28055-900508-2129 -Jer48.17 28056-900508-2131 -Jer48.18 28057-900508-2132 -Jer48.19 28058-900508-2133 -Jer48.20 28059-900508-2135 -Jer48.21 28060-900508-2137 -Jer48.22 28061-900508-2138 -Jer48.23 28062-900508-2140 -Jer48.24 28063-900508-2140 -Jer48.25 28064-900508-2143 -Jer48.26 28065-900508-2147 -Jer48.27 28066-900508-2148 -Jer48.28 28067-900508-2149 -Jer48.29 28068-900508-2152 -Jer48.30 (heb. his bars) do not right. Baddim, as Lowth observe, sometimes means those who pretend to the art of divination. Though the soothsayers of Moab, upon whose skill she relies, promise him success, yet in the event it will appear there was no truth in what they said 28069-900508-2154 -Jer48.31 28070-900508-2156 -Jer48.32 28071-900508-2157 -Jer48.33 28072-900508-2201 -Jer48.34 As a young cow, when deprived of her first calf; which runs about from place to place, filling the air with loud and repeated lowings, expressive of the deepest distress 28073-900508-2202 -Jer48.35 28074-900508-2203 -Jer48.36 28075-900508-2206 -Jer48.37 28076-900508-2207 -Jer48.38 28077-900508-2208 -Jer48.39 28078-900508-2209 -Jer48.40 28079-900508-2210 -Jer48.41 28080-900508-2214 -Jer48.42 Moab had long since ceased to be a nation; while the Jews, agreeably to the Devine promise, (je 46.28) though successively subdued and oppressed by the Egyptians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Syro -Macedonians, and Romans, (which have also all passed asway, and are no more) and dispersed over the face of the earth, subsist to this day as a distinct people from all the nations of the world! 28081-900508-2215 -Jer48.43 28082-900508-2216 -Jer48.44 28083-900508-2217 -Jer48.45 28084-900508-2218 -Jer48.46 28085-900508-2221 -Jer48.47 Many of the Moabites were afterwards restored to their country by Cyrus, as we learn from Josephus; but they never were restored to their nation consequence; and perhaps their restoration in the latter days refers to the conversion of their scattered remnants to the gospel. 28086-900508-2232 -Jer49.1 6 Their restoration 7-22 The judgment of Edom 23-27 of Damascus 28,29 of Kedar 30-33 of Hazor 34-38 and of Elam 39 The restoration of Elam 28087-900508-2234 -Jer49.2 28088-900508-2237 -Jer49.3 28089-900508-2239 -Jer49.4 28090-900508-2241 -Jer49.5 28091-900508-2242 -Jer49.6 28092-900508-2246 -Jer49.7 28093-900508-2247 -Jer49.8 28094-900508-2249 -Jer49.9 28095-900508-2250 -Jer49.10 28096-900508-2251 -Jer49.11 28097-900508-2252 -Jer49.12 28098-900508-2254 -Jer49.13 28099-900508-2256 -Jer49.14 28100-900508-2256 -Jer49.15 28101-900508-2257 -Jer49.16 28102-900508-2259 -Jer49.17 28103-900508-2300 -Jer49.18 28104-900508-2303 -Jer49.19 28105-900508-2306 -Jer49.20 The prophet having given the name of the shepherd to the generals of the army, pursues the same metaphor, calling the common soldiers, `the least of the flock;' who shall have strength and courage enough to the defeat the Idumean forces 28106-900508-2307 -Jer49.21 28107-900508-2309 -Jer49.22 28108-900509-2140 -Jer49.23 28109-900509-2141 -Jer49.24 28110-900509-2143 -Jer49.25 28111-900509-2144 -Jer49.26 28112-900509-2144 -Jer49.27 28113-900509-2146 -Jer49.28 28114-900509-2148 -Jer49.29 28115-900509-2150 -Jer49.30 28116-900509-2151 -Jer49.31 28117-900509-2153 -Jer49.32 corners of their hair polled 28118-900509-2156 -Jer49.33 Hazor as well as Kedar, with which it is joined, (verse 28) was no doubt situated in Arabia, and a place of considerable importance; but it is now no more, and its very name seems to have perished 28119-900509-2201 -Jer49.34 Elam, the Elymais of the Greeks and Romans, was properly a province of the Persian empire, between Media and Susiana; but sometimes the name elam is used in a larger sense, including Susiana and other provinces, (Da 8.2) all of which were subdued by Nebuchadnezzar, and afterwards restored and raised to dignity by Cyrus. 28120-900509-2202 -Jer49.35 Strabo says that the mountainous part of Ely-mais chiefly bred archers; and Livy speaks of Elymaei sagittarii, `the Elymean archers.' 28121-900509-2204 -Jer49.36 28122-900509-2205 -Jer49.37 28123-900509-2206 -Jer49.38 28124-900509-2207 -Jer49.39 28125-900509-2216 -Jer50.1 28126-900509-2235 -Jer50.2 destroyed the temples and idols of Babylon, thereby accomplishing the prophecies of Isaiah and Jeremiah forth that which he has swallowed,' was also literally fulfilled, when the vessels of the house of God, which Nebuchadnezzar had brought from Jerusalem and placed in the temple of Bel 28127-900509-2234 -Jer50.3 who formed the greatest part of the army of Cyrus 28128-900509-2240 -Jer50.4 28129-900509-2243 -Jer50.5 28130-900509-2246 -Jer50.6 28131-900509-2248 -Jer50.7 28132-900509-2249 -Jer50.8 28133-900509-2253 -Jer50.9 The army of Cyrus was composed of Medes, Persians, Armenians, Caducians, Sacae, etc. all of which, arranged under the Medes, came from the north. 28134-900509-2253 -Jer50.10 28135-900509-2257 -Jer50.11 28136-900509-2259 -Jer50.12 28137-900509-2300 -Jer50.13 28138-900509-2301 -Jer50.14 28139-900509-2307 -Jer50.15 28140-900509-2308 -Jer50.16 28141-900509-2316 -Jer50.17 28142-900509-2319 -Jer50.18 28143-900509-2323 -Jer50.19 28144-900509-2326 -Jer50.20 28145-900509-2329 -Jer50.21 28146-900510-2107 -Jer50.22 28147-900510-2107 -Jer50.23 28148-900510-2108 -Jer50.24 28149-900510-2110 -Jer50.25 28150-900510-2112 -Jer50.26 28151-900510-2113 -Jer50.27 28152-900510-2115 -Jer50.28 28153-900510-2116 -Jer50.29 28154-900510-2118 -Jer50.30 Gorbias and Gadates, when they entered Babylon, marched directly to the palace, killing all they met. 28155-900510-2120 -Jer50.31 28156-900510-2121 -Jer50.32 28157-900510-2123 -Jer50.33 28158-900510-2125 -Jer50.34 28159-900510-2127 -Jer50.35 28160-900510-2128 -Jer50.36 28161-900510-2130 -Jer50.37 28162-900510-2133 -Jer50.38 28163-900510-2134 -Jer50.39 28164-900510-2135 -Jer50.40 28165-900510-2136 -Jer50.41 28166-900510-2137 -Jer50.42 28167-900510-2138 -Jer50.43 28168-900510-2139 -Jer50.44 28169-900510-2144 -Jer50.45 We have already adverted to the completion of the prohecies respecting the final destruction of Babylon, more clearly the full accomplishement of some of these predictions. Strab says that in his time (about the Christian era) a great part of it was a desert. Jerome says that in his time (A.D. 340) it was quite in ruins, the walls merely serving for an inclosure for wild beasts, for the hunting of the kings of Parthia: and modern travellers universally concur in describing it in a state of utter desolation, and the habitation of wild beasts and noxious reptiles. 28170-900510-2145 -Jer50.46 28171-900510-2149 -Jer51.1 Israel 59-64 Jeremiah delivers the book of this prophecy to Seraiah, to be cast into Euphrates, in token of the perpetual sinking of Babylon 28172-900510-2150 -Jer51.2 28173-900510-2151 -Jer51.3 28174-900510-2152 -Jer51.4 28175-900510-2154 -Jer51.5 28176-900510-2156 -Jer51.6 28177-900510-2158 -Jer51.7 28178-900510-2159 -Jer51.8 28179-900510-2200 -Jer51.9 28180-900510-2202 -Jer51.10 28181-900510-2206 -Jer51.11 Of Cyaxares king of Media, called `Darius the Mede' in scripture; and Cyrus his nephew, king of persia, presumptive heir of the throne of his uncle. 28182-900510-2207 -Jer51.12 28183-900510-2210 -Jer51.13 28184-900510-2211 -Jer51.14 28185-900510-2213 -Jer51.15 28186-900512-1033 -Jer51.16 28187-900512-1035 -Jer51.17 28188-900512-1036 -Jer51.18 28189-900512-1038 -Jer51.19 28190-900512-1040 -Jer51.20 28191-900512-1042 -Jer51.21 28192-900512-1042 -Jer51.22 28193-900512-1043 -Jer51.23 28194-900512-1044 -Jer51.24 28195-900512-1046 -Jer51.25 28196-900512-1047 -Jer51.26 28197-900512-1108 -Jer51.27 Bochart reasonably concludes Ararat and Minni to be the greater and lesser Armeina; and Ashchenaz he thinks formed part of Phyrgia near the Hellespout, part of the country being called Ascania by Homer, Cyrus had conquered Armenia, defeated Croesus, king of lydia, (B.C. 548) and subdued several nations from the Egean seas to the Euphrates, before he marched against Babylon; and Xenophon also informs us that there were not only Armenians, but both Phrygians and Cappadocians in the army of Cyrus Babylon, he marched against Tomyris, queen of the Massagetae, a Scythian nation, and totally defeated. (B.C. 530) The victorous queen, who had lost her son in a previous battle, was so incensed against Cyrus, that she cut off his head, and threw it into a vessel filled with human blood, exclaiming, `Sattia te sanguine, quem sitisti.' 28198-900512-1109 -Jer51.28 28199-900512-1112 -Jer51.29 28200-900512-1117 -Jer51.30 Accordingly, the Babylonians, after the loss of a battle or two, never recovered their courage to the face the enemy in the field, they retired within their walls; and the first time Cyrus came with his army before the place he could not provoke them to venture forth, though he challenged the king to fight a duel with him; and the last time he came he consulted with his his officers respecting the best mode of carrying on the siege `since,' said he, `they do not come out to fight.' 28201-900512-1118 -Jer51.31 28202-900512-1119 -Jer51.32 28203-900512-1120 -Jer51.33 28204-900512-1122 -Jer51.34 28205-900512-1124 -Jer51.35 28207-900512-1126 -Jer51.37 28208-900512-1127 -Jer51.38 28209-900512-1309 -Jer51.39 28210-900512-1309 -Jer51.40 28211-900512-1313 -Jer51.41 Sheshach was probably an idol worshipped at babylon, from which the city derived this name; and the festival which was held when the city was taken, when they were heated with wine, was perhaps observed in honour of it. 28212-900512-1313 -Jer51.42 28213-900512-1314 -Jer51.43 28214-900512-1316 -Jer51.44 28215-900512-1317 -Jer51.45 28216-900512-1319 -Jer51.46 28217-900512-1321 -Jer51.47 28218-900512-1323 -Jer51.48 28219-900512-1325 -Jer51.49 and with Babylon shall fall the slain of all the country 28220-900512-1328 -Jer51.50 28221-900512-1447 -Jer51.51 28222-900512-1449 -Jer51.52 This was verified when Xerxes destroyed destroyed all the temples of Babylon, B.C. 479 28223-900512-1451 -Jer51.53 28224-900512-1452 -Jer51.54 28225-900512-1453 -Jer51.55 28226-900512-1455 -Jer51.56 28227-900512-1458 -Jer51.57 28228-900512-1502 -Jer51.58 According to the testimony of Herodotus, the circumference of the walls of Babylon was 480 stadia, or 60 miles, the breadth 50 cubits, and their height 200 cubits; but when Darius became master of the place B.C. 516, he took away all their 100 gates of brass, and beat down their walls to 50 cubits; and now not a vestige of these immense fortifications remains, to mark the site of this once mighty city. 28229-900512-1503 -Jer51.59 28230-900512-1503 -Jer51.60 28232-900512-1505 -Jer51.62 28233-900512-1507 -Jer51.63 This was the emblem of its overthrow and irretrievable ruin; and the same emblem is employed in Re 18.21 to denote the utter ruin of mystical Babylon 28234-900512-1508 -Jer51.64 28235-900512-1516 -Jer52.1 4-7 Jerusalem is besieged and taken 8-11 Zedekiah's sons killed, and his own eyes put out, 12-23 Nebuzar-adan burns and spoils the city 24-27 He carries away the captives 28-30 The number of Jews carried captive 31-34 Evil-merodach addvances Jehoiachin 28236-900512-1517 -Jer52.2 28237-900512-1518 -Jer52.3 28238-900512-1520 -Jer52.4 28239-900512-1521 -Jer52.5 28240-900512-1522 -Jer52.6 28241-900512-1523 -Jer52.7 28242-900512-1524 -Jer52.8 28243-900512-1526 -Jer52.9 28244-900512-1526 -Jer52.10 28245-900512-1528 -Jer52.11 28246-900512-1541 -Jer52.12 It appears from the parallel passage of Kings, that Nebuzar-adan came from Riblah to Jerusalem on the seventh of the fifth month; but it seems that he did not set fire to the temple and city till the tenth day, being probably occupied on the intervening days in taking the vessels out of the house of the Lord, and collecting together all the riches that could be found. In memory of this calamity, the jews devote two fasts to this day; the seventeeth of the fourth month, which falls in June, for the destruction of Jerusalem, and the ninth of the fifth month, which falls in July, for the destruction of the temple; both of which are mentioned by Zechariah as kept from this event till his time, a period of seventy years, under the names of the fast of the fourth month, and fast of the fifth month. executioners, or slaughtermen, and so 28247-900512-1544 -Jer52.13 28248-900512-1544 -Jer52.14 28249-900512-1545 -Jer52.15 28250-900512-1547 -Jer52.16 28251-900512-1548 -Jer52.17 28252-900512-1552 -Jer52.18 28253-900512-1554 -Jer52.19 28254-900512-1555 -Jer52.20 28255-900512-1556 -Jer52.21 28256-900512-1556 -Jer52.22 28257-900512-1557 -Jer52.23 28258-900512-1559 -Jer52.24 28259-900512-1600 -Jer52.25 host. 28260-900512-1601 -Jer52.26 28261-900512-1606 -Jer52.27 28262-900512-1607 -Jer52.28 28263-900512-1608 -Jer52.29 28264-900512-1608 -Jer52.30 28265-900512-1611 -Jer52.31 Nearly answering to our 25th of April, A.M. 3442 This phrase is founded on the observation that those in sorrow hold down their heads; and, when comforted, or the cause of their sorrow removed, they lift up their heads. 28266-900512-1612 -Jer52.32 28267-900512-1614 -Jer52.33 Presented him with a caftan, or robe, as a mark of favour, as is still the practice in the East. 28268-900512-1615 -Jer52.34 28269-900511-1003 -La1.1 01 The miseries of Jerusalem and of the Jews pathetically lamented, with confessions of their sins 12 The attention and compassion of beholders demanded to this unprecedented case 18 The justice of God acknowledged, and his mercy supplicated, with prayers against insulting foes. introduction: 'And it came to pass after Israel had been carried captive, and Jerusalem was become desolate, that Jeremiah sat weeping, and lamented with this lamentation over Jerusalem, and said.' 28270-900511-1004 -La1.2 28271-900511-1005 -La1.3 servitude. she 28272-900511-1005 -La1.4 28273-900511-1007 -La1.5 28274-900511-1009 -La1.6 28275-900511-1010 -La1.7 28276-900511-1011 -La1.8 28277-900511-1014 -La1.9 28278-900512-0714 -La1.10 28279-900512-0716 -La1.11 28280-900512-0720 -La1.12 way. if. The church in distress here magnifies her affliction; and yet no more than there was cause for her groaning was not heavier than her strokes. She appeals to all spectators--see if there be any sorrow like unto my sorrow. This might truly be said of the griefs which were suffered in Jerusalem of old; but Christians are apt to apply these words too sensibly and sensitively to themselves, when they are in trouble, and sometimes more than there is reasonable cause to warrant. All men feel most from their own burden, and cannot be persuaded to reconcile themselves to it; how often do thy cry out in the words we are illustrating! whereas, if their troubles were to be thrown into a common stock with those of others, and then an equal dividend made, share and share alike, rather than approve such an arrangement, each would be ready to say, 'Pray give me my own again.'- -Henry 28281-900512-0721 -La1.13 28282-900512-0722 -La1.14 28283-900512-0724 -La1.15 28284-900512-0725 -La1.16 28285-900512-0726 -La1.17 28286-900512-0728 -La1.18 28287-900512-0728 -La1.19 28288-900512-0730 -La1.20 28289-900512-0732 -La1.21 28290-900512-0733 -La1.22 28291-900512-0736 -La2.1 01 Jeremiah laments the misery of Jerusalem 20 He complains thereof to God 28292-900512-0738 -La2.2 28293-900512-0739 -La2.3 28294-900512-0741 -La2.4 28295-900512-0742 -La2.5 28296-900512-0743 -La2.6 been no better than a cottage erected in a garden, while the fruit is gathering, and then removed, or suffered to decay.' 28297-900512-0747 -La2.7 28298-900512-0748 -La2.8 28299-900512-0749 -La2.9 28300-900512-0752 -La2.10 distress. Hence the coin struck by Vespasian, on the capture of Jerusalem, has on the obverse side a palm tree, the emblem of Judea, and under it a woman, the emblem of Jerusalem, sitting down, with her elbow on her knee, and her head supported by her hand, with the legend Judea capta 28301-900512-0753 -La2.11 28302-900512-0754 -La2.12 28303-900512-0754 -La2.13 28304-900512-0755 -La2.14 28305-900512-0758 -La2.15 the conquerors and spectators manifested at the desruction of Jerusalem and the temple, are here described with peculiar pathos and energy. The whole scene is presented to view as in an exquisitely finished historical painting. that pass 28306-900512-0759 -La2.16 28307-900512-0800 -La2.17 28308-900512-0802 -La2.18 eye, seems here to denote tears, the produce of the eye; and therefore elegantly termed the daughter of the eye. 28309-900512-0803 -La2.19 28310-900512-0804 -La2.20 28311-900512-0805 -La2.21 28312-900512-0806 -La2.22 28313-900514-0841 -La3.1 01 The prophet bewails his own calamities 22 By the mercies of God, he nourishes his hope 37 He acknowledges God's justice 55 He prays for deliverance 64 And vengeance on his enemies 28314-900514-0842 -La3.2 28315-900514-0842 -La3.3 28316-900514-0843 -La3.4 28317-900514-0843 -La3.5 28318-900514-0844 -La3.6 28319-900514-0844 -La3.7 28320-900514-0845 -La3.8 28321-900514-0845 -La3.9 28322-900514-0846 -La3.10 28323-900514-0846 -La3.11 28324-900514-0847 -La3.12 28325-900514-0847 -La3.13 28326-900514-0848 -La3.14 28327-900514-0848 -La3.15 28328-900514-0849 -La3.16 28329-900514-0850 -La3.17 28330-900514-0851 -La3.18 28331-900514-0851 -La3.19 28332-900514-0852 -La3.20 28333-900514-0852 -La3.21 28334-900514-0853 -La3.22 28335-900514-0854 -La3.23 28336-900514-0859 -La3.24 28337-900514-0901 -La3.25 28338-900514-0901 -La3.26 28339-900514-0902 -La3.27 28340-900514-0902 -La3.28 28341-900514-0903 -La3.29 28342-900514-0904 -La3.30 28343-900514-0905 -La3.31 28344-900514-0905 -La3.32 28345-900514-0906 -La3.33 28346-900514-0906 -La3.34 28347-900514-0907 -La3.35 28348-900514-0908 -La3.36 28349-900514-0908 -La3.37 28350-900514-0909 -La3.38 28351-900514-0910 -La3.39 28352-900514-0911 -La3.40 28353-900514-0912 -La3.41 28354-900514-0912 -La3.42 28355-900514-0913 -La3.43 28356-900514-0913 -La3.44 28357-900514-0914 -La3.45 28358-900514-0914 -La3.46 28359-900514-0915 -La3.47 28360-900514-0915 -La3.48 28361-900514-0916 -La3.49 28362-900514-0916 -La3.50 28363-900514-0917 -La3.51 the daughters 28364-900514-0918 -La3.52 28365-900514-0918 -La3.53 28366-900514-0919 -La3.54 28367-900514-0919 -La3.55 28368-900514-0920 -La3.56 28369-900514-0921 -La3.57 28370-900514-0922 -La3.58 28371-900514-0922 -La3.59 28372-900514-0923 -La3.60 28373-900514-0923 -La3.61 28374-900514-0923 -La3.62 28375-900514-0924 -La3.63 28376-900514-0924 -La3.64 28377-900514-0925 -La3.65 28378-900514-0925 -La3.66 28379-900514-0926 -La4.1 01 Zion bewails her pitiful estate 13 She confesses her sins 21 Edom is threatened and Zion comforted. 28380-900514-0927 -La4.2 28381-900514-0928 -La4.3 28382-900514-0928 -La4.4 28383-900514-0929 -La4.5 28384-900514-0930 -La4.6 daughter 28385-900514-0932 -La4.7 veining,' from gazar, to divide, intersect, as the blue veins do the surface of the body. This is approved by Dr. A. Clarke, who remarks, 'Milk will most certainly well apply to the whiteness of the skin; the beautiful ruby to the ruddiness of the flesh; and the sapphire, in its clear, transcendent purple, to the veins in a fine complexion.' 28386-900514-0934 -La4.8 Blayney renders, 'duskier than the dawn;' shachar signifying 'the dawn of the day, when it is neither light nor dark, but between both, at which time objects are not easily distinguished. they 28387-900514-0934 -La4.9 28388-900514-0935 -La4.10 28389-900514-0937 -La4.11 28390-900514-0938 -La4.12 28391-900514-0939 -La4.13 28392-900514-0940 -La4.14 touch 28393-900514-0940 -La4.15 28394-900514-0941 -La4.16 28395-900514-0942 -La4.17 who were neither able nor willing to help them. 28396-900514-0943 -La4.18 28397-900514-0944 -La4.19 length, darts with amazing rapidity through the voids of heaven. they pursued 28398-900514-0945 -La4.20 28399-900514-0946 -La4.21 28400-900514-0947 -La4.22 28401-900514-0948 -La5.1 A pitiful complaint of Zion in prayer unto God. 28402-900514-0949 -La5.2 28403-900514-0949 -La5.3 28404-900514-0950 -La5.4 28405-900514-0950 -La5.5 persecuted 28406-900514-0951 -La5.6 28407-900514-0952 -La5.7 28408-900514-0952 -La5.8 28409-900514-0955 -La5.9 28410-900514-0956 -La5.10 28411-900514-0956 -La5.11 28412-900514-0957 -La5.12 28413-900514-0958 -La5.13 28414-900514-0959 -La5.14 28415-900514-0959 -La5.15 28416-900514-1000 -La5.16 28417-900514-1001 -La5.17 28418-900514-1002 -La5.18 28419-900514-1003 -La5.19 28420-900514-1004 -La5.20 28421-900514-1006 -La5.21 28422-900514-1007 -La5.22 reject us? 28423-900421-1328 -Eze1.1 The character of Ezekiel, as a Writer and Poet, is thus admirably drawn by the masterly hand of Bishop Lowth: `Ezekiel is much inferior to Jeremiah in elegance; in sublimity he is not even excelled by Isaiah; but his sublimity is of a totally different kind. He is deep, vehement, tragical; his sentiments are elevated, animated, full of fire and indignation; his imagery is crowded, magnificent, terrific; his language is grand, solemn, austere, rough, and at times unpolished; he abounds in repetitions, not for the sake of grace or elegance, but from vehemence and indignation. Whatever subject he treats of, that he sedulously pursues; from that he rarely departs, but cleaves, as it were, to it; whence the connexion is in general evident and well preserved. In other respects he may perhaps be exceeded by the other prophets; but, for that species of composition to which he seems adapted by natural gifts, the forcible, impetuous, and grand, not one of the sacred writers is superior to him. His diction is sufficiently perspicuous; all his obscurity arises from the nature of his subjects. Visions (as for instance, among others, those of Hosea, Amos, and Zechariah,) are necessarily dark and confused. The greater part of Ezekiel, particularly towards the middle of the book, is poetical, whether we regard the matter of the language.' Abp. Newcombe judiciously observes, The Prophet is not to be considered merely as a poet, or as a framer of those august and astonishing visions, and of those admirable poetical representations, which he commited to writing; but as an instrument in the hands of God, who vouchsafed to reveal himself, through a long succession of ages, not only in divers parts constituting a magnificent and uniform whole, but also in different manners, as by voice, by dreams, by inspiration, and by plain or enigmatical vision. `Ezekiel is a great poet, full of originality; and, in my opinion, whoever censures him as if he were only an imitator of the old prophets, can never have felt his power. He must not, in general, be compared with Isiah, and the rest of the old prophets. Those are great, Ezekiel is also great; those in their manner of poetry, Ezekiel in his.' To justify this character the learned prelate descends to particulars, and gives apposite examples, not only of the clear, flowing, and nervous, but also of the sublime; and concludes his observations on his style, by stating it to be his deliberate opinion, that if his `style is the old age of the Hebrew language and composition, (as has been alleged,) it is a firm and vigorous one, and should induce us to trace its youth and manhood with the most assiduous attention.' As a Prophet, Ezekiel must ever be allowed to occupy a very high rank; and few of the prophets have left a more valuable treasure to the church of God than he has. It is true, he is in several places obscure; but this resulted either from the nature of his subjects, or the events predicted being still unfulfilled; and, when time has rolled away the mist of futurity, successive generations will then perceive with what heavenly wisdom this much neglected prophet has spoken. There is, however, a great proportion of his work which is free from every obscurity, and highly edifying. He has so accurately and minutely foretold the fate and condition of various nations and cities, that nothing can be more interesting than to trace the exact accomplishment of these prophecies in the accounts furnished by historians and travellers; while, under the elegant type of a new temple to be erected, a new worship to be introduced, and a new Jerusalem to be built, with new land to be alloted to the twelve tribes, may be discovered the vast extent and glory of the New Testament Church. 4-14 His vision of four cherabims 15-25 of the four wheels 26-28 and of the glory of God which taking its rise in the Mysian mountains, falls into the Euphrates near Carchemish, or Circesioum, now karkisia, about 35d 20' N lat. and 40d 25' E. long. 28424-900320-2140 -Eze1.2 28425-900320-2146 -Eze1.3 28426-900320-2149 -Eze1.4 28427-900324-0958 -Eze1.5 28428-900324-1003 -Eze1.6 probably hieroglyphical representations of the holy angel, the attendants on `the King of Glory,' and the ministers of his providence. They were four, apparently to denote that they were employed in the four corners of the world; and they had the likeness of a man, to signify that they were intelligent and rational creatures. 28429-900324-1004 -Eze1.7 28430-900324-1005 -Eze1.8 28431-900324-1006 -Eze1.9 28432-900324-1008 -Eze1.10 28433-900324-1010 -Eze1.11 28434-900324-1012 -Eze1.12 28435-900324-1013 -Eze1.13 28436-900324-1013 -Eze1.14 28437-900324-1014 -Eze1.15 28438-900324-1015 -Eze1.16 28439-900324-1017 -Eze1.17 28440-900324-1018 -Eze1.18 28441-900324-1019 -Eze1.19 28442-900324-1020 -Eze1.20 28443-900324-1021 -Eze1.21 28444-900324-1033 -Eze1.22 signifies crystal, [], from [], cold, ice, and [], to concrete,) as it is rendered by the LXX and Vulgate. It is a very large class of silicious minerals, hard, pellucid, naturally colourless, of regularly angular figures, and of simple plates; not flexible, not elastic, but giving fire with steel; not fermenting by acid menstura, but calcinable in a strong fire. There are three orders of pure crystal: the first is perfect columnar crystals, with double pyramids, of eighteen planes, in an hexangular pyramid at each end; the second is that of perfect crystals, with single pyramids, of ten or twelve planes, in an hexangular or pentangular column. [Terrible crystal] seems to denote that which was well cut and polished, vividly refracting the rays of light. 28445-900324-1035 -Eze1.23 28446-900324-1036 -Eze1.24 28447-900324-1037 -Eze1.25 28448-900324-1043 -Eze1.26 allegorize the circumstances of this august vision too minutely. Many of them augment the splendor of the scene, while others, no doubt, have much significance; which should be pointed out rather by a correct judgement, than a luxuriant imaginination.' 28449-900324-1044 -Eze1.27 28450-900324-1046 -Eze1.28 28451-900324-1049 -Eze2.1 6-8 His instruction 9-10 The roll of his heavy prophecy 28452-900324-1050 -Eze2.2 28453-900324-1057 -Eze2.3 28454-900324-1059 -Eze2.4 28455-900324-1100 -Eze2.5 28456-900324-1104 -Eze2.6 28457-900324-1105 -Eze2.7 28458-900324-1107 -Eze2.8 28459-900324-1109 -Eze2.9 volumen, a volume, from [volvo], I roll. 28460-900324-1110 -Eze2.10 which are written on the inside only 28461-900324-1115 -Eze3.1 4-14 God encourages him 15-21 God shows him the rule of prophecy 22-27 God shuts and opens the prophet's mouth Receive ny word into thy mind, let it enter into they soul; digest it, let it be they nourishment, they meat and thy drink, to do the will of thy Father who is in heaven. 28462-900324-1115 -Eze3.2 28463-900325-0941 -Eze3.3 28464-900324-1118 -Eze3.4 28465-900324-1120 -Eze3.5 heavy of tongue: 28466-900324-1122 -Eze3.6 heavy of language. hearkened. 28467-900324-1125 -Eze3.7 heart. 28468-900324-1126 -Eze3.8 28469-900324-1127 -Eze3.9 28470-900324-1129 -Eze3.10 4.1 28471-900324-1149 -Eze3.11 28472-900324-1152 -Eze3.12 28473-900324-1154 -Eze3.13 28474-900324-1155 -Eze3.14 28475-900324-1157 -Eze3.15 28476-900324-1157 -Eze3.16 28477-900324-1200 -Eze3.17 28478-900324-1203 -Eze3.18 28479-900324-1206 -Eze3.19 28480-900324-1211 -Eze3.20 28481-900324-1213 -Eze3.21 28482-900324-1214 -Eze3.22 28483-900324-1215 -Eze3.23 28484-900324-1216 -Eze3.24 28485-900324-1217 -Eze3.25 28486-900324-1223 -Eze3.26 28487-900324-1225 -Eze3.27 28488-900324-1232 -Eze4.1 defection of Jeroboam to the captivity 9-17 By the provison of the siege, is shewn the hardness of the famine forms us that the bricks in common use among the ancients were `two feet long, one foot broad, and four inches thick;' and on such a surface the whole siege might be easily pourtrayed. Perhaps, however, it may here denote a flat tile, like a Roman brick, which were commonly used for tablets, as we learn fron Pliny. 28489-900324-1233 -Eze4.2 28490-900325-0944 -Eze4.3 28491-900325-0946 -Eze4.4 28492-900325-0949 -Eze4.5 which Judea was finally desolated by Nebuzar-adan, B.C. 584, to the establishment of idolatry in Israel by Jereboam, B.C. 975. `Beginning from 1ki 12.33. Ending Je 52.30' 28493-900325-0955 -Eze4.6 idolatry prevailed in Judah, from the reformation of Josiah, B.C. 624, to the same final desolation of the land. Some think that the period of 390 days also predecits the duration of the siege of the Babylonians, (ver 9,) deducting from it five months and twenty-nine days, when the besiegers went to meet the Egyptians (2ki.25.1-4; je 37.5) and that forty days may have been employed in desolating the temple and city. `Beginning from 2ki 23.3,23. Ending je 52.30' 28494-900325-0956 -Eze4.7 28495-900325-0957 -Eze4.8 28496-900325-1002 -Eze4.9 a kind of millet, of considerable use as a food; the cultivation of which is described by BROWNE. and Symmachus render here; and so LXX. and Theodotion, [] In times of scarcity it is customary to mix several kinds of coarser grains with the finer, to make it last longer. 28497-900325-1004 -Eze4.10 28498-900325-1004 -Eze4.11 28499-900325-1005 -Eze4.12 28500-900325-1005 -Eze4.13 28501-900325-1007 -Eze4.14 28502-900325-1010 -Eze4.15 in many parts of England, to the present day; but the prophet was ordered to prepare his bread with human ordure, to shew the extreme degree of wetchedness to which the besiged should be exposed, as they would be obliged literally to use it, from not being able to leave the city to collect other fuel. 28503-900325-1013 -Eze4.16 about ten ounces, of the coarse food he had prepared, and the sixth part of a hin, sacarcely a pint and a half, of water; all of which was intended to shew that they should be obliged to eat the meanest and coarses food, and that by weight, and their water by measure. 28504-900325-1014 -Eze4.17 28505-900325-1427 -Eze5.1 5-11 is shown the judgment of Jerusalem for their rebellion 12-17 by famine, sword, and dispersion Jewish nation; his hair, the people; the razor, the Chaldeans; the cutting of the hair, the calamities and disgrace comming upon them; the balances, the exact distribution of the Divine judgments; the third part of the hair burnt, those destroyed in the city; the third part smitten with a knife, those slain in trying to escape; the third part scattered to the winds, those who escaped to other countries; the few hairs in his skirt, those left with Gedaliah; and the burning of these, their destruction in Egypt. 28506-900325-1434 -Eze5.2 28507-900325-1435 -Eze5.3 28508-900325-1437 -Eze5.4 28509-900325-1438 -Eze5.5 28510-900325-1439 -Eze5.6 28511-900325-1440 -Eze5.7 28512-900325-1442 -Eze5.8 28513-900325-1444 -Eze5.9 manner of expression makes it yet more so: the judgments are various, the threatening of them varied, reiterated; so that one may well say, "Who is able to stand in God's sight when he is angry." 28514-900325-1447 -Eze5.10 28515-900325-1451 -Eze5.11 28516-900325-1455 -Eze5.12 destruction of those who retired to Egypt; and had been remarkably verified in the many persecutions and miseries which the Jews have suffered at different times, in the various contries into which they are dispersed. 28517-900325-1457 -Eze5.13 28518-900325-1458 -Eze5.14 28519-900325-1500 -Eze5.15 28520-900325-1501 -Eze5.16 28521-900325-1503 -Eze5.17 28522-900325-1510 -Eze6.1 8-10 A remnant shall be blessed 11-14 The faithful are exhorted to lament their abominations and calamities of his lying on his left and right side were accomplished. By Israel here Judea is simply meant; not the ten tribes, who had long before been carried captive. 28523-900325-1512 -Eze6.2 28524-900325-1514 -Eze6.3 28525-900325-1515 -Eze6.4 28526-900325-1516 -Eze6.5 28527-900325-1519 -Eze6.6 28528-900325-1522 -Eze6.7 28529-900325-1523 -Eze6.8 28530-900325-1528 -Eze6.9 abominations, forsake their idolatry, and worship ME alone: and this they have done from the Babylonish captivity to the present day. 28531-900325-1528 -Eze6.10 28532-900325-1530 -Eze6.11 28533-900325-1530 -Eze6.12 28534-900325-1532 -Eze6.13 28535-900325-1536 -Eze6.14 [Diblath] parallel passages to have been situated between Dibon and Abarim or Nebo 28536-900325-1538 -Eze7.1 16-19 The mournful repentance from that escape 20-22 The enemies defile the sanctuary because of the Israelites' abominations 23-27 Under the type of a chain is shewn the miserable captivity of all orders of men 28537-900325-2059 -Eze7.2 cometh, come is the end;' which is supported by all the ancient versions. 28538-900325-2101 -Eze7.3 28539-900325-2103 -Eze7.4 28540-900325-2104 -Eze7.5 28541-900325-2108 -Eze7.6 paranomasia, or play upon words, here, deserving of notice: ketz ba, ba hakketz, haikeetz ailayich, `the end cometh, come is the end: it waketh for thee.' Ketz, is and end; haikeetz, is to wake or watch 28542-900325-2109 -Eze7.7 28543-900325-2111 -Eze7.8 28544-900325-2113 -Eze7.9 28545-900325-2114 -Eze7.10 28546-900325-2117 -Eze7.11 28547-900325-2118 -Eze7.12 28548-900325-2121 -Eze7.13 28549-900325-2121 -Eze7.14 28550-900325-2122 -Eze7.15 28551-900325-2123 -Eze7.16 28552-900325-2124 -Eze7.17 28553-900325-2125 -Eze7.18 28554-900325-2127 -Eze7.19 is their stumbling-block 28555-900325-2131 -Eze7.20 28556-900325-2132 -Eze7.21 28557-900325-2132 -Eze7.22 28558-900325-2134 -Eze7.23 28559-900325-2138 -Eze7.24 the Jews.' The antecedents of pronouns are thus frequently understood in Hebrew poetry. haughtiest princes. holy places. 28560-900325-2139 -Eze7.25 28561-900325-2141 -Eze7.26 28562-900325-2143 -Eze7.27 28563-900325-2147 -Eze8.1 5,6 is shewn the image of jealousy 7-12 the chambers of imagery 13-15 the mourners for Tammuz 16 the worshippers toward the sun 17,18 God's wrath for their idolatry 28564-900325-2152 -Eze8.2 beautiful yellow colour, very transparent, and susceptible of an exquisite polish. When rubbed it is highly endowed with electricity; a name which the moderns have formed from its Greek name []. But, as amber becomes dim as soon as it feels the fire, and is speedily consumed, it is probable that the original chasmal, which Bochart derives from the Chaldee nechash, copper, and melala, gold, was a mixed metal, similar to that which the Greeks called [] electrum, as the LXX and Vulgate render, from its resemblence to amber in colour. 28565-900325-2155 -Eze8.3 28566-900325-2156 -Eze8.4 28567-900325-2156 -Eze8.5 28568-900325-2158 -Eze8.6 28569-900325-2159 -Eze8.7 28570-900325-2159 -Eze8.8 28571-900325-2200 -Eze8.9 28572-900325-2203 -Eze8.10 objects of Egyptian idolatry, the ox, ape, crocidile, ibis, beetle etc., as we find those idols were painted on the walls of the tombs of kings and nobles. 28573-900325-2204 -Eze8.11 28574-900325-2206 -Eze8.12 28575-900325-2207 -Eze8.13 28576-900325-2207 -Eze8.14 28577-900325-2208 -Eze8.15 28578-900325-2212 -Eze8.16 of idolatry into their worship, Egyptian, Phoenicain, and Persian; for this evidently was the Magian worship of the sun. 28579-900325-2216 -Eze8.17 `they apply the brach to their nose;' which Jerome explains by `a branch of the palm tree which they adored the idols;' and it seems plainly to allude to the Magian fire-worshipers, who, Strabo tells us held a little bunch of twigs in their hand, when praying before the fire. 28580-900325-2218 -Eze8.18 28581-900401-1656 -Eze9.1 5-7 and the destruction of the rest 8-11 God cannot be intreated for them 28582-900401-1703 -Eze9.2 kasut,) deontes a bottle or vessel to hold any fluid; and being here united to sophair, a writer, is not improperly rendered as an ink-horn: so one of the editions of Aquila, [], and Vulgate, atramentarium. Dr. Shaw informs us, that among the Moors, ' the Hojas, i. e. writers or secretaries, suspend their ink-horns in their girdles.' 28583-900401-1703 -Eze9.3 28584-900401-1706 -Eze9.4 28585-900401-1707 -Eze9.5 28586-900401-1709 -Eze9.6 28587-900401-1710 -Eze9.7 28588-900401-1711 -Eze9.8 28589-900401-1716 -Eze9.9 28590-900401-1718 -Eze9.10 28591-900401-1719 -Eze9.11 28592-900401-1729 -Eze10.1 city 8-22 The vision of the cherubims 28593-900401-1732 -Eze10.2 28594-900401-1732 -Eze10.3 28595-900401-1735 -Eze10.4 28596-900401-1739 -Eze10.5 28597-900401-1739 -Eze10.6 28598-900401-1741 -Eze10.7 28599-900401-1742 -Eze10.8 28600-900401-1749 -Eze10.9 the chrysolite, so called by the ancients (from [] gold and [] a stone) because of it fine gold yellow colour. It is now called by the moderns the topaz; is a very beautiful and valuable gem in its pure and perfect state, though very rarely found so; and the finer pieces of it are in hardness second only to the diamond. The Vulgate, however, in ch. 1.16, renders, quasi visio maris, `as the appearance of the seas,' i. e. azure; and Dr. Geddes (on Ex 28. 10) says, that, with Abarbanel, the believes the beryl to be intended. It is a pellucid gem, called by our lapidaries, aqua marian, of a sea or bluish green colour, found in the East Indies and about the gold mines of Peru. The genuine Beryl never receives any other mixture of colour; and in its perfect state approaches the hardness of garnet. 28601-900401-2103 -Eze10.10 28602-900401-1750 -Eze10.11 28603-900401-1751 -Eze10.12 28604-900401-1751 -Eze10.13 Galgal 28605-900401-2112 -Eze10.14 cherub,' it `the face of an ox:' hence a cherub was in the likeness of an ox, at least as to its head. The extraordinary shape of these angelic beings, which appeared to the prophet in vision, is manifestly symbolic; for it is not to be supposed that these heavenly beings are really thus formed. The four faces, wings, and the arms of a man, denote the sublime qualities of these immediate ministers of the Deity; qualities entirely essential to fill up the extent of their duty. The face of a man denotes their intelligence; of a lion, their intrepid courage; of an ox, their patience and perseverance in labour; and of an eagle, their great penetration, their sublime sight into heavenly things, and their readiness to rise up into all that is great and divine. The wings being stretched out, signifies their readiness and rapidity in obeying the commands of their Master; the wings bent down, denotes their profound respect before the Lord of the Universe; and the man's arms under the wings, shew that zeal produces application and labour. 28606-900401-2113 -Eze10.15 28607-900401-2113 -Eze10.16 28608-900401-2114 -Eze10.17 28609-900401-2116 -Eze10.18 28610-900401-2117 -Eze10.19 28611-900401-2121 -Eze10.20 28612-900401-2121 -Eze10.21 28613-900401-2122 -Eze10.22 28614-900401-2127 -Eze11.1 4-12 Their sin and judgment 13-21 Ezekiel complaining, God shews him his purpose in saving a remnant 22-23 The glory of God leaves the city 24,25 Ezekiel is returned to the captivity 28615-900401-2127 -Eze11.2 28616-900401-2129 -Eze11.3 28617-900401-2129 -Eze11.4 28618-900401-2132 -Eze11.5 28619-900401-2134 -Eze11.6 28620-900401-2134 -Eze11.7 28621-900401-2136 -Eze11.8 28622-900401-2137 -Eze11.9 28623-900401-2140 -Eze11.10 28624-900401-2141 -Eze11.11 28625-900401-2144 -Eze11.12 28626-900401-2149 -Eze11.13 message to the princes, Pelitaih suddenly died; and it is highly probable the he was actually struck dead at this very time, in so remarkable a manner as to render the vision much noticed. The prophet, alarmed and distressed for the welfare of his people, anxiously enquired whether the Lord meant to destroy the remnant of Israel. 28627-900401-2149 -Eze11.14 28628-900401-2150 -Eze11.15 28629-900401-2151 -Eze11.16 28630-900401-2152 -Eze11.17 28631-900401-2154 -Eze11.18 28632-900401-2157 -Eze11.19 28633-900401-2159 -Eze11.20 28634-900401-2200 -Eze11.21 28635-900401-2200 -Eze11.22 28636-900401-2201 -Eze11.23 28637-900401-2202 -Eze11.24 28638-900401-2203 -Eze11.25 28639-900401-2205 -Eze12.1 8-16 is shown the captivity of Zedekiah 17-20 Ezekiel's trembling shews the Jews' desolation 21-25 The Jews' presumptuous proverb is reproved 26-28 The speediness of the vision 28640-900401-2209 -Eze12.2 28641-900401-2213 -Eze12.3 or goods, as the word frequently denotes in our early writers; but in the original, Leley, has not only this sense (as in verse 4), but is also used for any kind of untensils or instruments whatever; and here probably denotes carriages, or other means for removing goods. This was intended to signify that the captivity was at hand. 28642-900403-2121 -Eze12.4 28643-900403-2122 -Eze12.5 escape from the city through a breach in the wall 28644-900403-2129 -Eze12.6 This intimated that Zedekiah should steal out of the city in the twilight, carrying on his shoulders some of his property, with his head covered, not only as in distress but to escape detection. these prophecies, which were accurately fullfilled, are supposed to have been delivered in the sixth year of Zedekiah, five years before the taking of Jerusalem. 28645-900403-2135 -Eze12.7 28646-900403-2136 -Eze12.8 28648-900403-2137 -Eze12.10 28649-900403-2138 -Eze12.11 28650-900403-2139 -Eze12.12 28651-900403-2144 -Eze12.13 This was to intimate, that though he escaped out of the city, the Chaldeans should overtake him, and carry him to Babylon. Jeremiah had predicted that his `eyes should see the eyes of the king of Babylon,' and here Ezekiel foretold that he should not see Babylon, though he should die there; and Josephus says that he thought the two prophecies so inconsistent with each other that he believed neither; yet both were were exactly fulfilled, and the enigma of Ezekiel explained, when Zedekiah was brought to Nebuchadnezzar at Riblah, where he had his eyes put out, and was then carried to Babylon, and there died. 28652-900403-2146 -Eze12.14 28653-900403-2148 -Eze12.15 28654-900403-2151 -Eze12.16 28655-900403-2151 -Eze12.17 28656-900403-2152 -Eze12.18 28657-900403-2159 -Eze12.19 28658-900403-2201 -Eze12.20 28659-900403-2201 -Eze12.21 28660-900403-2202 -Eze12.22 28661-900403-2203 -Eze12.23 28662-900403-2204 -Eze12.24 28663-900403-2206 -Eze12.25 28664-900403-2207 -Eze12.26 28665-900403-2207 -Eze12.27 28666-900403-2210 -Eze12.28 28667-900403-2213 -Eze13.1 10-16 and their untempered morter 17-23 Of prophecies and their pillows 28668-900403-2217 -Eze13.2 28669-900403-2220 -Eze13.3 28670-900403-2223 -Eze13.4 Crafty, misheievous, and ravenous; always scheming something for their own interest; while they would not risk their persons to avert the mischief which they had caused. 28671-900403-2229 -Eze13.5 28672-900403-2231 -Eze13.6 28673-900403-2232 -Eze13.7 28674-900403-2234 -Eze13.8 28675-900403-2238 -Eze13.9 28676-900403-2243 -Eze13.10 These false prophets pretend to be a wall of defence; but their wall is bad, and their morter is worse. One gives a lying vision; another pledges himself that it is true; and the people believe what they say, and trust not in God, nor turn from their sins. 28677-900403-2246 -Eze13.11 It shall wash off this bad morter, sweep away the wall, and level it with the earth. In the East, where the walls are often built with unbaked bricks, desolations of this kind are frequently occasioned by tempestuous rains. 28678-900403-2250 -Eze13.12 28679-900403-2255 -Eze13.13 28680-900403-2257 -Eze13.14 28681-900403-2257 -Eze13.15 28682-900403-2259 -Eze13.16 28683-900403-2300 -Eze13.17 28684-900403-2304 -Eze13.18 that they might indulge and repose themselves in security, for no enemy would disturb them. The apartments of the easterns are well supplied with cushions, on which they sit, lean, rest their heads, and prop up their arms. 28685-900403-2306 -Eze13.19 28686-900403-2307 -Eze13.20 28687-900403-2308 -Eze13.21 28688-900403-2311 -Eze13.22 [heb] by quickening him 28689-900403-2313 -Eze13.23 28690-900403-2317 -Eze14.1 6-11 They are exhorted to repent, for fear of judgments, by means of seduced prophets 12-14 God's irrevocable sentence of famine 15,16 of noisome beasts 17,18 of the sword 19-21 and of pestilence 22,23 A remnant shall be reserved for example of others 28691-900409-2004 -Eze14.2 28692-900409-2007 -Eze14.3 28693-900409-2008 -Eze14.4 28694-900409-2009 -Eze14.5 28695-900409-2012 -Eze14.6 28696-900409-2014 -Eze14.7 28697-900409-2017 -Eze14.8 28698-900409-2020 -Eze14.9 him up to `strong delusions to believe a lie,' as a just judgment upon him for going after idols, and setting up false pretensions to inspiration. God, according to the genius of the Hebrew language, is often said to do a thing, which he only suffers or permits. 28699-900409-2022 -Eze14.10 28700-900409-2025 -Eze14.11 28701-900409-2025 -Eze14.12 28702-900409-2027 -Eze14.13 28703-900409-2029 -Eze14.14 28704-900409-2030 -Eze14.15 28705-900409-2032 -Eze14.16 28706-900409-2035 -Eze14.17 28707-900409-2036 -Eze14.18 28708-900409-2040 -Eze14.19 28709-900409-2045 -Eze14.20 third year of Jehoiakim, (Da 1.1). After this, Jehoikam reigned eight years, (2ki 23.36) And this prophecy, as appears from ch 8.1, was uttered in the sixth year of Jehoiachin's captivity, who succeeded Jehoikam, and reigned only three months, (2ki 24.6,8) Therefore, at this time, Daniel had been fourteen years in captivity;' and was, as is generally supposed, about thirty years of age. 28710-900409-2046 -Eze14.21 28711-900409-2049 -Eze14.22 28712-900409-2050 -Eze14.23 28713-900409-2051 -Eze15.1 6-8 is shewn the rejection of Jerusalem No specific references listed for this verse. 28714-900409-2056 -Eze15.2 for, when cut down, its wood is fit only for fuel. So Israel, having ceased to be fruitful, they are good for nothing, but, like a withered branch of a vine, to be burnt. 28715-900409-2057 -Eze15.3 28716-900409-2058 -Eze15.4 28717-900409-2059 -Eze15.5 28718-900409-2101 -Eze15.6 28719-900409-2106 -Eze15.7 28720-900409-2108 -Eze15.8 28721-900409-2113 -Eze16.1 natural state of Jerusalem 6-14 God's extraordinary love towards her, 15-34 Her grievous judgment 35-43 Her sin, equal to her mother, and exceeding her sisters, Sodom and Samaria, calls for judgments 44-59 Her sin, equal to her mother, and exceeding her sisters, Sodom and Samaria, calls for judgments 60-63 Mercy is promised her in the end No specific references given for this particular verse 28722-900409-2114 -Eze16.2 28723-900409-2116 -Eze16.3 28724-900409-2120 -Eze16.4 28725-900409-2121 -Eze16.5 28726-900409-2123 -Eze16.6 28727-900409-2127 -Eze16.7 28728-900409-2130 -Eze16.8 28729-900409-2132 -Eze16.9 28730-900409-2134 -Eze16.10 28731-900409-2137 -Eze16.11 28732-900409-2138 -Eze16.12 28733-900409-2140 -Eze16.13 28734-900409-2141 -Eze16.14 28735-900409-2146 -Eze16.15 splendour by Jehovah, Israel became proud of her numbers, riches, strength, and reputation, forgetting that it was `through his comeliness which he had put upon them;' and thus departing from God, made alliances with heathen nations, and worshipped their idols. 28736-900409-2147 -Eze16.16 28737-900409-2149 -Eze16.17 28738-900409-2151 -Eze16.18 own wealth and abundance in building and decorating idol temples, and in maintaining their worship, but that they made use of the holy vestments, and the various kinds of offerings which belonged to Jehovah, in order to honour and serve the idols of the heathen. 28739-900409-2152 -Eze16.19 28740-900409-2154 -Eze16.20 28741-900409-2155 -Eze16.21 28742-900409-2156 -Eze16.22 28743-900409-2157 -Eze16.23 28744-900409-2159 -Eze16.24 28745-900409-2200 -Eze16.25 28746-900409-2201 -Eze16.26 28747-900413-2107 -Eze16.27 food, clothes, and money. the temple itself the scene of their open and abominable idolatires, in addition to all their idol temples! which appears to be meant by `the eminent place,' and `highplaces in every street,' themselves with them, and joined in their multiplied and abominable idolatires. And when Jehovah punished them by wars and famines, and by the Philistines, whose daughters are represented as ashamed of their enormous idolatries, instead of being amended, they formed alliances with the Assyrians, and worhiped their gods: and they even followed every idol which was worshiped between Canaan and Chaldea. 28748-900413-2109 -Eze16.28 28749-900413-2111 -Eze16.29 28750-900413-2115 -Eze16.30 28751-900413-2116 -Eze16.31 28752-900413-2117 -Eze16.32 28753-900413-2119 -Eze16.33 28754-900413-2119 -Eze16.34 28755-900413-2120 -Eze16.35 28756-900413-2122 -Eze16.36 28757-900413-2123 -Eze16.37 28758-900413-2126 -Eze16.38 28759-900413-2132 -Eze16.39 Jerusalem, Jehovah determined to gather together the surrounding nations, both those with whom they had formed alliances, as the Egyptians and Assyrians, and such as had always been inimical to them, as Edom, Ammon, Moab, and Philistia, to inflict, or to witness, his judgments upon them. Having exposed their enormous crimes to view, He would pass sentence upon them: He would give Jerusalem into the hands of the Chaldeans, who would destroy the city and temple which they had polluted; level their cities and high places with the ground; slay, plunder, and enslave the people 28760-900413-2133 -Eze16.40 28761-900413-2135 -Eze16.41 28762-900413-2135 -Eze16.42 28763-900413-2137 -Eze16.43 28764-900413-2138 -Eze16.44 28765-900413-2139 -Eze16.45 28766-900413-2143 -Eze16.46 28767-900413-2144 -Eze16.47 small thing 28768-900414-1358 -Eze16.48 28769-900414-1401 -Eze16.49 28770-900414-1403 -Eze16.50 28771-900414-1404 -Eze16.51 28772-900414-1406 -Eze16.52 28773-900414-1408 -Eze16.53 28774-900414-1409 -Eze16.54 28775-900414-1410 -Eze16.55 28776-900414-1411 -Eze16.56 28777-900414-1413 -Eze16.57 28778-900414-1414 -Eze16.58 28779-900414-1417 -Eze16.59 28780-900414-1419 -Eze16.60 28781-900414-1422 -Eze16.61 28782-900414-1423 -Eze16.62 28783-900414-1425 -Eze16.63 28784-900414-1427 -Eze17.1 11-21 is shewn God's judgment upon Jerusalem for revolting from Babylon to Egypt 22-24 God promises to plant the dedar of the Gospel 28785-900414-1428 -Eze17.2 28786-900414-1433 -Eze17.3 rapaciousness languages and manners. 28787-900414-1436 -Eze17.4 communications with the richest and most distant nations. 28788-900414-1438 -Eze17.5 Made him king of Judea. waters, as the willow is on humidity. 28789-900414-1440 -Eze17.6 wholly dependent on Nebuchadnezzar. 28790-900414-1441 -Eze17.7 28791-900414-1442 -Eze17.8 a situation as would have enabled him to reign in credit, and be useful to his people. 28792-900414-1446 -Eze17.9 Babylon, to whom he had sworn fealty. 28793-900414-1447 -Eze17.10 28794-900414-1448 -Eze17.11 28795-900414-1450 -Eze17.12 28796-900414-1451 -Eze17.13 28797-900414-1454 -Eze17.14 Babylon. his covenant, to stand to it. 28798-900414-1456 -Eze17.15 28799-900414-1458 -Eze17.16 28800-900414-1459 -Eze17.17 28801-900414-1501 -Eze17.18 conqueror, and a tyrant, yet God considered the violation of it a most aggravated sin against Him, and determined to punish him for it. 28802-900414-1502 -Eze17.19 28803-900414-1503 -Eze17.20 28804-900414-1505 -Eze17.21 28805-900414-1507 -Eze17.22 28806-900414-1510 -Eze17.23 28807-900414-1513 -Eze17.24 28808-900421-1256 -Eze18.1 31-32 and exhorts to repentance 28809-900414-2118 -Eze18.2 28810-900414-2119 -Eze18.3 28811-900414-2120 -Eze18.4 28812-900414-2122 -Eze18.5 28813-900414-2124 -Eze18.6 28814-900414-2131 -Eze18.7 28815-900414-2133 -Eze18.8 28816-900414-2135 -Eze18.9 28817-900414-2137 -Eze18.10 any of these 28818-900414-2138 -Eze18.11 28819-900414-2140 -Eze18.12 28820-900414-2141 -Eze18.13 28821-900414-2143 -Eze18.14 28822-900414-2143 -Eze18.15 28823-900414-2145 -Eze18.16 28824-900414-2147 -Eze18.17 28825-900414-2148 -Eze18.18 28826-900414-2149 -Eze18.19 28827-900414-2152 -Eze18.20 28828-900414-2157 -Eze18.21 28829-900414-2159 -Eze18.22 28830-900414-2201 -Eze18.23 28831-900414-2205 -Eze18.24 28832-900414-2207 -Eze18.25 28833-900414-2207 -Eze18.26 28834-900414-2208 -Eze18.27 28835-900414-2210 -Eze18.28 28836-900414-2211 -Eze18.29 28837-900414-2213 -Eze18.30 28838-900414-2217 -Eze18.31 28839-900414-2218 -Eze18.32 28840-900414-2222 -Eze19.1 lion's whelps taken in a pit 10-14 and for Jerusalem, under the parable of a wasted vine 28841-900414-2303 -Eze19.2 Judea, which possessed strength, courage, and sovereignty Had confederacy with with the neighboring kings, and learned their manners. The sons of Josiah, who learned to be oppresive tyrants from the surrounding princes 28842-900414-2304 -Eze19.3 Jehoahaz, made king of Israel instead of Josiah, who became cruel and oppressive. 28843-900414-2305 -Eze19.4 Taken prisoner by Pharaoh-necho, and brought into Egypt 28844-900414-2306 -Eze19.5 Jehoiakim 28845-900414-2308 -Eze19.6 Became a perfect heathen: he reigned eleven years, a monster of iniquity. 28846-900414-2310 -Eze19.7 28847-900414-2310 -Eze19.8 28848-900414-2312 -Eze19.9 28849-900414-2313 -Eze19.10 28850-900414-2316 -Eze19.11 Many powerful sovereigns, who rendered Judah very considerable among the nations. 28851-900414-2319 -Eze19.12 The kingdom was entirely ruined, and her princes cut off 28852-900414-2320 -Eze19.13 In Chaldea, whither they were carried captive 28853-900414-2323 -Eze19.14 28854-900415-0919 -Eze20.1 4-9 He shews the story of their rebellions in Eqypt 19-26 in the wilderness 27-32 and in the land 33-44 He promises to gather them by the Gospel 45-49 Under the name of a forest he shews the destruction of Jerusalem The seventh year of the captivity of Jeconiah, and according to Usher, Monday, Aug 27, 3411 28855-900415-0920 -Eze20.2 28856-900415-0921 -Eze20.3 28857-900415-0922 -Eze20.4 28858-900415-0926 -Eze20.5 28859-900415-0930 -Eze20.6 28860-900415-0932 -Eze20.7 28861-900415-0933 -Eze20.8 28862-900415-0934 -Eze20.9 28863-900415-0935 -Eze20.10 28864-900415-0936 -Eze20.11 28865-900415-0939 -Eze20.12 28866-900415-0943 -Eze20.13 28867-900415-0944 -Eze20.14 28868-900415-0945 -Eze20.15 28869-900415-0948 -Eze20.16 They still had a hankering after the idolatries they had learned in Egypt, to which they added new idols, which they had seen in countries through which they had travelled, as those of the Midianites, Amorites, etc. 28870-900415-0948 -Eze20.17 28871-900415-0950 -Eze20.18 28872-900415-0953 -Eze20.19 28873-900415-0954 -Eze20.20 28874-900415-0956 -Eze20.21 28875-900415-0957 -Eze20.22 28876-900415-1000 -Eze20.23 by Moses just before his death, are evidently here referred to; they received a partial accomplishment at the Babylonian captivity but are more exactly fulfilling at this day 28877-900415-1001 -Eze20.24 28878-900415-1009 -Eze20.25 The simple meaning of this place is, that when the Israelites had rebelled against God, despised his statutes, and pollluted his sabbaths, in effect cast him off, and given themselves up wholly to their idols, then He, in a just judgment for their disobedience abandoned them, `gave them up to a reprobate mind,' customs and ordinaces of the heathen; by which they were ripened for the destruction which he intended to bring upon them, that they might learn to know God by his judgments, seeing they had despised his mercies. In the same sense God is said judicially to `send a strong delusion, that they should believe a lie' to those who `received not the love of the truth, but had pleasure in unrighteousness.' 2th 2.9-11 28879-900415-1011 -Eze20.26 28880-900415-1012 -Eze20.27 28881-900415-1013 -Eze20.28 28882-900415-1014 -Eze20.29 28883-900415-1015 -Eze20.30 28884-900415-1425 -Eze20.31 28885-900415-1427 -Eze20.32 28886-900415-1427 -Eze20.33 28887-900415-1428 -Eze20.34 28888-900415-1429 -Eze20.35 28889-900415-1431 -Eze20.36 28890-900415-1433 -Eze20.37 28891-900415-1435 -Eze20.38 28892-900415-1437 -Eze20.39 28893-900415-1441 -Eze20.40 These predictions received a partial accomplishment by the restoration of the Jews from the Babylonian captivity; but they seem chiefly to relate to the establishment of the Christian church, and more especially to the future conversion of the jews, and their restoration to their own land. 28894-900415-1443 -Eze20.41 28895-900415-1446 -Eze20.42 28896-900415-1447 -Eze20.43 28897-900415-1448 -Eze20.44 28898-900415-1449 -Eze20.45 properly belongs to the following chapter. 28899-900415-1452 -Eze20.46 prophet now dwelt. The city of Jerusalem, as full of inhabitants as the forest is of trees. 28900-900415-1455 -Eze20.47 characters of the people 28901-900415-1455 -Eze20.48 28902-900415-1458 -Eze20.49 are not to be understood; we should not trouble ourselves with them. God therefore commands the prophet to declare, in the next chapter, the same things in the plainest terms, so that they should not complain of his parables. 28903-900415-1744 -Eze21.1 8-17 The sharp and bright sword 18-24 against Jerusalem 25-27 against the kingdom 28-32 and against the Amonites 28904-900415-1501 -Eze21.2 28905-900415-1504 -Eze21.3 28906-900415-1504 -Eze21.4 28907-900415-1505 -Eze21.5 28908-900415-1507 -Eze21.6 28909-900415-1510 -Eze21.7 28910-900415-1511 -Eze21.8 28911-900415-1512 -Eze21.9 28912-900415-1515 -Eze21.10 of my son, it despiseth every tree. 28913-900415-1515 -Eze21.11 28914-900415-1517 -Eze21.12 down to the sword with my. 28915-900415-1519 -Eze21.13 not also belong to the despising rod? 28916-900415-1521 -Eze21.14 28917-900415-1523 -Eze21.15 28918-900415-1524 -Eze21.16 28919-900415-1524 -Eze21.17 28920-900415-1525 -Eze21.18 28921-900415-1525 -Eze21.19 28922-900415-1526 -Eze21.20 28923-900415-1531 -Eze21.21 on several arrows,' says Jerome, the names of the cities they intended to assault; and then putting them altogether promiscuously in a quiver, they drew then out thence as lots to be drawn; and that city whose name was written on the arrow first drawn, was the city they first made war on.' 28924-900415-1533 -Eze21.22 28925-900415-1535 -Eze21.23 28926-900415-1537 -Eze21.24 28927-900415-1538 -Eze21.25 28928-900415-1539 -Eze21.26 28929-900415-1544 -Eze21.27 perverted, perverted, will I make it. 28930-900415-1545 -Eze21.28 28931-900415-1546 -Eze21.29 28932-900415-1547 -Eze21.30 28933-900415-1549 -Eze21.31 28934-900415-1552 -Eze21.32 This prophecy against the Ammonites was fulfilled about five years after the taking of Jerusalem; and their name has utterly perished from the face of the earth. 28935-900415-1628 -Eze22.1 Jews in consequence 17-22 God will burn them as dross in his furnace 23-31 The general corruption of prophets, priests, princes, and the people 28936-900415-1632 -Eze22.2 28937-900415-1639 -Eze22.3 28938-900415-1643 -Eze22.4 28939-900415-1644 -Eze22.5 28940-900415-1646 -Eze22.6 28941-900415-1648 -Eze22.7 28942-900415-1649 -Eze22.8 28943-900415-1652 -Eze22.9 28944-900415-1653 -Eze22.10 28945-900415-1656 -Eze22.11 28946-900415-1659 -Eze22.12 28947-900415-1701 -Eze22.13 28948-900415-1703 -Eze22.14 28949-900415-1709 -Eze22.15 28950-900415-1713 -Eze22.16 28951-900415-1714 -Eze22.17 28952-900415-1715 -Eze22.18 28953-900415-1717 -Eze22.19 people, who had become dross, are to be gathered together in it; and the fire of the Chaldeans, blown by the wrath of God, is to melt the whole. No ordinary means will avail to purge their impurities; the most violent must therefore be resorted to. 28954-900415-1718 -Eze22.20 28955-900415-1720 -Eze22.21 28956-900415-1720 -Eze22.22 28957-900415-1721 -Eze22.23 28958-900415-1721 -Eze22.24 28959-900415-1725 -Eze22.25 it with eagerness and rapacity. 28960-900415-1727 -Eze22.26 28961-900415-1729 -Eze22.27 28962-900415-1732 -Eze22.28 over the crimes of the princes, (the antecedent to them) to palliate their offences, and to conceal their faults, while they were like ravening wolves, and took bribes to shed innocent blood. By these means they shared the dishonest gains with the princes, or availed themselves of their authority to gratify their avarice or revenge. 28963-900415-1736 -Eze22.29 28964-900415-1738 -Eze22.30 Moses, Phineas, or Samuel, to stand in the gap on this occasion; but as he found none, its destruction was inevitable 28965-900415-1739 -Eze22.31 28966-900415-1747 -Eze23.1 23-35 Aholibah is to be plagued by her lovers 36-44 The prophet reproves the adulteries of them both 45-49 and shews their judgments 28967-900415-1747 -Eze23.2 28968-900415-1748 -Eze23.3 28969-900415-1755 -Eze23.4 containing ten tribes, and occupying a larger extent of country than that of Judah, is therefore called `her elder sister;' and Aholah, the name given to her, implies that the whole religous establishment in Israel was a human invention, a temple and service of their own, and not God's appointment. Aholiabh, the name given to Judah, implies that the worhip established there was from God, and that His temple was truly at Jerusalem. 28970-900415-1758 -Eze23.5 idolatries, received the impure idolatrous worship of the Assyrians, who became their neighbours by the conquest of Syria. 28971-900415-1759 -Eze23.6 28972-900415-1801 -Eze23.7 upon them. Asshur. 28973-900415-1802 -Eze23.8 28974-900415-1803 -Eze23.9 28975-900415-1805 -Eze23.10 28976-900415-1807 -Eze23.11 corrupted her inordinate love more than she 28977-900415-1809 -Eze23.12 28978-900415-1810 -Eze23.13 28979-900415-1810 -Eze23.14 28980-900415-1814 -Eze23.15 the deified men worshipped by the Chaldeans. The inhabitants of Judah, like the Israelites, connected themselves with the Assyrians, and were enamoured with their idols; and then with the Chaldeans, and followed their idols; still retaining their attachment to the Egyptains and their idolatrous rites. 28981-900415-1816 -Eze23.16 eyes. 28982-900415-1817 -Eze23.17 28983-900415-1818 -Eze23.18 28984-900415-1819 -Eze23.19 28985-900415-1820 -Eze23.20 28986-900415-1823 -Eze23.21 28987-900415-1824 -Eze23.22 28988-900415-1826 -Eze23.23 28989-900415-1827 -Eze23.24 28990-900415-1832 -Eze23.25 enraged husbands took on their faithless wives: and implies that God would employ the Chaldeans to destroy the princes and priests of Judah, for violating their covenants and treaties. Such punishments were anciently common; and such is the present practice in one of the South Sea Islands. 28991-900415-1835 -Eze23.26 28992-900415-1839 -Eze23.27 idolatry, and make you abhor the least approaches to it. This often repeated prediction has received a most wonderful accomplishment. For neither the authority, frowns, examples, or favour of their conquerors or powerful neighbors, nor their own fears, hopes, interests, or predeliction for the sensual worship of idols, could prevail with them to run into gross idolatry, either during the captivity, or ever afterwards, to the present day, a period of 2414 years. 28993-900415-1840 -Eze23.28 28994-900415-1841 -Eze23.29 28995-900415-1842 -Eze23.30 28996-900415-1843 -Eze23.31 28997-900415-1845 -Eze23.32 28998-900415-1846 -Eze23.33 28999-900415-1846 -Eze23.34 29000-900415-1848 -Eze23.35 29001-900415-1850 -Eze23.36 29002-900415-1853 -Eze23.37 29003-900415-1854 -Eze23.38 29004-900415-1855 -Eze23.39 29005-900415-1859 -Eze23.40 paint thine wyes with stibium,' and Vulgate [],`thou didst paint round thine eyes with stibium,' or lead ore; whence it is called in Arabic [kochl], and in Syriac [kechlo], and koochlo 29006-900415-1901 -Eze23.41 29007-900415-2155 -Eze23.42 perphaps that of Bacchus; in which a riotous and drunken multitude assembled, adorned with bracelets and chaplets, accompanied with music, songs, and dances 29008-900415-2156 -Eze23.43 29009-900415-2156 -Eze23.44 29010-900415-2158 -Eze23.45 The Chaldeans, so called, because appointed by God to execute his judgment on these criminals 29011-900415-2159 -Eze23.46 29012-900415-2201 -Eze23.47 29013-900415-2202 -Eze23.48 29014-900415-2203 -Eze23.49 29015-900415-2208 -Eze24.1 6-14 is shewn the irrevocable destruction of Jerusalem 15-18 By the sign of Ezekiel not mourning for the death of his wife 19-27 is shewn the calamity of the Jews to be beyond all sorrow Zedekiah, about Thursday, january 30, A.M. 3414, the very day in which Nebuchadnezzar began the siege of Jerusalem 29016-900415-2209 -Eze24.2 29017-900415-2211 -Eze24.3 29018-900415-2211 -Eze24.4 29019-900415-2212 -Eze24.5 29020-900415-2215 -Eze24.6 29021-900415-2216 -Eze24.7 29022-900415-2221 -Eze24.8 29023-900415-2223 -Eze24.9 29024-900415-2224 -Eze24.10 29025-900415-2228 -Eze24.11 every good piece, the thigh and the shoulder, Zedekiah, his family, and princes; the bones, the soldiers; the fire and water, the calamaties they were to suffer; and the setting on of the pot, the commencement of the siege. 29026-900415-2232 -Eze24.12 even burned with fire till purified; that is, Jerusalem shall be entirely levelled with the ground, as nothing short of this will purify it from the relics of its idolatrous abominations. 29027-900415-2234 -Eze24.13 29028-900415-2236 -Eze24.14 29029-900415-2236 -Eze24.15 29030-900415-2238 -Eze24.16 29031-900415-2242 -Eze24.17 some render, but ` the bread of other men,' i.e. such as was commonly sent to mourners on such occasions by their friends. 29032-900415-2242 -Eze24.18 29033-900415-2243 -Eze24.19 29034-900415-2244 -Eze24.20 29035-900415-2246 -Eze24.21 29036-900415-2247 -Eze24.22 29037-900415-2247 -Eze24.23 29038-900415-2249 -Eze24.24 29039-900415-2251 -Eze24.25 soul 29040-900415-2251 -Eze24.26 29041-900415-2252 -Eze24.27 29042-900415-2255 -Eze25.1 the Ammonites 8-11 upon Moab and Seir 12-14 upon Edom 15-17 and upon the Philistines 29043-900415-2256 -Eze25.2 29044-900415-2258 -Eze25.3 29045-900416-2224 -Eze25.4 of Jerusalem, Nebuchadnezzar turned his arms against the Ammonites and Moabites, and entirely subjugated them; and it is probable, that the Arabs, and other nations east of Judah, then took possession of their cities, and enjoyed the fruits of their land. The country of Moab and Ammon is now inhabited by the Bedouin Arabs; where they pasture their flocks, and, no doubt, make the ruins of Rabbah, their one proud capital, `a stable for camels,' and other cattle. 29046-900416-2226 -Eze25.5 29047-900416-2230 -Eze25.6 29048-900416-2231 -Eze25.7 29049-900416-2236 -Eze25.8 29050-900416-2237 -Eze25.9 29051-900416-2239 -Eze25.10 29052-900416-2242 -Eze25.11 29053-900416-2244 -Eze25.12 29054-900416-2247 -Eze25.13 Dedan 29055-900416-2249 -Eze25.14 This was fulfilled by the Maccabees, who not only entirely subjugated them, but obliged them to receive circumcison. 29056-900416-2255 -Eze25.15 29057-900416-2259 -Eze25.16 Edomites, and others, seem to have been fulfilled by by Nebuchadnezzar during the siege of Tyre. Berous states that he subdued Syria, Arabia, Phoenicia, and Egypt; and now their very names have no existence, except in history. 29058-900416-2300 -Eze25.17 29059-900417-2101 -Eze26.1 destruction 7-14 The power of Nebuchadnezzar against her 15-21 The mourning and astonishment of the sea at her fall 29060-900417-2104 -Eze26.2 29061-900417-2113 -Eze26.3 These verses (3-6) contain a summary prediction of what befel both the continental and insular Tyre, during a long succession of ages. The former was totally destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar, after a siege of thirteen years, B.C. 573; and the latter, which arose out of its ruins, after seventy years recovered its ancient wealth and splendour, as foretold by Isaiah, (ch. 23. 15-17) After it was taken and burnt by Alexander, B.C. 332, it speedily recovered its strength and dignity, and nineteen years afterwards withstood both the fleets and armies of Antigonus. Agreeably to the prophetic declarations, (Ps. 45.12 72.10 is 23.18 zec 9.1-7.), it was early converted to Christianity; and after being successively taken by the Saracens, Christians, Mamalukes, and Turks, in whose hands it still remains, it became a `a place for the spreading of nets.' 29062-900417-2114 -Eze26.4 29063-900417-2115 -Eze26.5 29064-900417-2116 -Eze26.6 29065-900417-2118 -Eze26.7 29066-900417-2119 -Eze26.8 29067-900417-2119 -Eze26.9 29068-900417-2121 -Eze26.10 to the enterings of a city broken up. 29069-900417-2122 -Eze26.11 29070-900417-2126 -Eze26.12 The ruins of old Tyre contributed much to the taking of the new city; for with the stones, timber, and rubbish, Alexander built a bank, or causeway, from the continent to the island, thereby literally fulfuilling the words of the prophet. 29071-900417-2127 -Eze26.13 29072-900417-2131 -Eze26.14 Nebuchadnezzar; and there are now no traces left to mark its site. The new city, when visited by Maundrell, Bruce, and other travellers, was literally `a place for fishers to dry their nets on' 29073-900417-2131 -Eze26.15 29074-900417-2135 -Eze26.16 29075-900417-2137 -Eze26.17 29076-900417-2138 -Eze26.18 29077-900417-2139 -Eze26.19 29078-900417-2142 -Eze26.20 29079-900417-2144 -Eze26.21 29080-900417-2157 -Eze27.1 26-36 The great and irrecoverable fall thereof 29081-900417-2157 -Eze27.2 29082-900417-2201 -Eze27.3 entrance to it from the interior and eastern part of Asia. 29083-900417-2202 -Eze27.4 29084-900417-2203 -Eze27.5 29085-900417-2207 -Eze27.6 they have made thy hatches of ivory well trodden. Rather, `thy benches have they made of ivory inlaid with box, from the isles of Chittim.' Vulgate, de insulis Italice, `from the islands of Italy,' which were always famous for {box-trees}. 29086-900417-2209 -Eze27.7 western coast of Arcadia, north of Messenia, and south of Achaia 29087-900417-2211 -Eze27.8 29088-900417-2213 -Eze27.9 29089-900417-2214 -Eze27.10 29090-900417-2214 -Eze27.11 29091-900417-2215 -Eze27.12 29092-900417-2217 -Eze27.13 29093-900417-2218 -Eze27.14 29094-900417-2219 -Eze27.15 29095-900417-2220 -Eze27.16 29096-900417-2223 -Eze27.17 29097-900417-2228 -Eze27.18 The Chalybon of the Greeks and Romans, now called by the natives {Haleb}, and by us {Aleppo}, said to have been so celebrated for its wine, that the Persian kings would drink no other. It was a celebrated city of Syria, situated about 90 miles from the Mediterranean by way of Antioch, and 100 from the Euphrates, in lat. 36 deg 11'25" north, long. 37 deg 9' east; and previous to its destruction by an earthquake in 1822, occupied, including its suburbs, eight small hills, with the intermediate valleys, comprehending a circuit of about seven miles; and its inhabitants were variously estimated at from 100,000 to 258,00 souls 29098-900417-2230 -Eze27.19 29099-900417-2230 -Eze27.20 29100-900417-2232 -Eze27.21 29101-900417-2233 -Eze27.22 29102-900417-2235 -Eze27.23 29103-900417-2237 -Eze27.24 29104-900417-2238 -Eze27.25 29105-900417-2240 -Eze27.26 29106-900417-2245 -Eze27.27 In these beautiful and expressive figures, Tyre is represented as a ship at sea, wrecked through the mistakes of her pilots and rowers; that is, destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar, and afterwards by Alexander, in consequence of her rulers having pertinaciously resolved to withstand those haughty conquerors. This vast ship, laden with all kinds of valuable wares, being wrecked, all her valuables, sailors, officers, etc. went to the bottom 29107-900417-2246 -Eze27.28 29108-900417-2247 -Eze27.29 29109-900417-2250 -Eze27.30 All that were on land, seeing this gallant ship perishing with all her men and goods, are here represented as setting up a dismal cry at the heart-rending sight. 29110-900417-2251 -Eze27.31 29111-900417-2254 -Eze27.32 29112-900417-2255 -Eze27.33 29113-900417-2256 -Eze27.34 29114-900417-2257 -Eze27.35 29115-900417-2259 -Eze27.36 29116-900419-1006 -Eze28.1 pride 11-19 A lamentation of his great glory corrupted by sid 20-23 The judgment of Zion 24-26 The restoration of Israel 29117-900419-1011 -Eze28.2 translated the Phoenician annals into Greek, and Philstratus, that this prince was Ithobal. 29118-900419-1012 -Eze28.3 29119-900419-1013 -Eze28.4 29120-900419-1019 -Eze28.5 29121-900419-1019 -Eze28.6 29122-900419-1021 -Eze28.7 29123-900419-1022 -Eze28.8 29124-900419-1023 -Eze28.9 29125-900419-1025 -Eze28.10 29126-900419-1027 -Eze28.11 29127-900419-1029 -Eze28.12 29128-900419-1033 -Eze28.13 29129-900419-1036 -Eze28.14 29130-900419-1037 -Eze28.15 29131-900419-1040 -Eze28.16 29132-900419-1042 -Eze28.17 29133-900419-1044 -Eze28.18 29134-900419-1045 -Eze28.19 29135-900419-1045 -Eze28.20 29136-900419-1049 -Eze28.21 consequently Zidon was a more ancient, though a less considerable city than Tyre; and it is probable that it was taken by the Chaldeans soon after the destruction of the latter. It was afterwards burnt to the ground by the inhabitants, to prevent it falling in the hands of Ochus. 29137-900419-1051 -Eze28.22 29138-900419-1052 -Eze28.23 29139-900419-1053 -Eze28.24 29140-900419-1057 -Eze28.25 29141-900419-1104 -Eze28.26 29142-900419-1108 -Eze29.1 8-12 The desolation of Egypt 13-16 The restoration thereof after 40 years 17-20 Egypt the reward of Nebuchadnezzar 21 Israel shall be restored 29143-900419-1116 -Eze29.2 us, agreeably to the character given him by the prophet, `proudly and wickedly boasted of having established his kingodom so securely, that it was not in the power of any God to dispoesses him of it.' 29144-900419-1118 -Eze29.3 29145-900419-1119 -Eze29.4 29146-900419-1121 -Eze29.5 29147-900419-1122 -Eze29.6 29148-900419-1123 -Eze29.7 29149-900419-1125 -Eze29.8 29150-900419-1126 -Eze29.9 29151-900419-1130 -Eze29.10 extremity of Egypte, ( as Migdol was at the northern,) on the confines of Ethiopia, near the tropic of Cancer, and about lat. 24 deg N. long 32 deg E. 29152-900419-1131 -Eze29.11 29153-900419-1134 -Eze29.12 We learn from Berosus that Nebuchadnezzar sent several captive Egyptians to Babylon; and from Megasthenes, that he transplanted others to Pontus; and it is probable, that at the dissolution of the Babylonian empire, about forty years after, Cyrus permitted them to return to their native country. 29154-900419-1134 -Eze29.13 29155-900419-1135 -Eze29.14 29156-900419-1136 -Eze29.15 29157-900419-1140 -Eze29.16 29158-900419-1141 -Eze29.17 29159-900419-1146 -Eze29.18 Nebuchadnezzar was thirteen years employed in the siege. During this long siege, the soldiers must have endured great hardships; their heads would become bald by constantly wearing their helments; and thier shoulders be peeled by carrying materials to and from the works. St. Jerome asserts, on the authority of the Assyrian histories, that when the Trojans saw their city must fall, they put their most valuable effects on board their ships, and fled with them to the islands, and thier colonies, `so that the city being taken, Nebuchadnezzar found nothing worthy of his labour.' 29160-900419-1147 -Eze29.19 her prey. 29161-900419-1148 -Eze29.20 29162-900419-1150 -Eze29.21 29163-900419-1151 -Eze30.1 20-26 The arm of Babylon shall be strengthened to break the arm of Egypt. 29164-900419-1152 -Eze30.2 29165-900419-1155 -Eze30.3 29166-900419-1156 -Eze30.4 29167-900419-1202 -Eze30.5 29168-900419-1203 -Eze30.6 29169-900419-1205 -Eze30.7 29170-900419-1206 -Eze30.8 29171-900419-1209 -Eze30.9 29172-900419-1210 -Eze30.10 29173-900419-1211 -Eze30.11 29174-900419-1213 -Eze30.12 29175-900419-1215 -Eze30.13 29176-900419-1217 -Eze30.14 29177-900419-1219 -Eze30.15 easter extremity of the Delta, twenty stadia from the Mediterranean, near the lake of Menzaleh, and upon a branch of the Nile, to which it gave name. It was the key of Egypt on the side of Judea and Syria, and was therefore strongly fortified and garrisoned; but it is now quite in ruins. 29178-900419-1220 -Eze30.16 29179-900419-1425 -Eze30.17 Situated on the Pelusiac branch of the Nile, near the top of the delta. 29180-900419-1428 -Eze30.18 29181-900419-1430 -Eze30.19 29182-900419-1442 -Eze30.20 29183-900419-1443 -Eze30.21 This prophecy was delivered soon after the Egyptians under Pharaoh-hophra had come to relieve Jerusalem, and some months before the city was taken, being the eleventh year of Jeremiahs's captivity, and answering to April 26, A.M. 3416. When the king of Babylon took from the king of Egypt, in the days of Pharaoh- necho, all his dominions in Asia, one of his arms was broken. God now declared that he should never recover these territories, or gain any ascendancy in that part of the world; nay, that his other arm which was now strong, should soon be broken, and rendered utterly useless. This was fulfilled when Hophra was dethroned and driven into Upper Egypt by Amasia; and then Nebuchadnezzar, taking advantage of this civil discord, invaded and conquered that kingdom, and enslaved, dispersed, and carried captive the Egyptians. 29184-900419-1444 -Eze30.22 29185-900419-1445 -Eze30.23 29186-900419-1446 -Eze30.24 29187-900419-1447 -Eze30.25 29188-900419-1448 -Eze30.26 29189-900419-1451 -Eze31.1 3-9 of the glory of Assyria 10-17 and the fall thereof for pride 18 The like destruction of Egypt Usher; and about a month before the capture of Jerusalem. 29190-900419-1452 -Eze31.2 29191-900419-1458 -Eze31.3 29192-900419-1459 -Eze31.4 29193-900419-1505 -Eze31.5 The Assyrian king, to whom Pharaoh is compared, from his great power, extensive dominion, and the protection that he offered, resembled the spreading branches, thick shade, and high stature of a flourishing cedar on mount Lebanon. The fruitful lands of Assyria; the immense revenues he drew from vast multitudes in his extensive territories; his lucrative commerce, by the river Tigris, with the countries on the Indian ocean; and all the various sources of his wealth and prosperity, resembled the rivers and streams which cause the trees planted by them to grow and flourish exceedingly; and hence the empire and its head were exalted above all the kingdoms of the earth. 29194-900419-1506 -Eze31.6 29195-900419-1506 -Eze31.7 29196-900419-1508 -Eze31.8 29197-900419-1510 -Eze31.9 29198-900419-1512 -Eze31.10 The allegory and its interpretation are here combined; and the Assyrian monarch, though already destroyed, is poetically addressed. 29199-900419-1515 -Eze31.11 29200-900419-1516 -Eze31.12 29201-900419-1517 -Eze31.13 29202-900419-1521 -Eze31.14 height. 29203-900419-1523 -Eze31.15 this fair tree are here described as mourning his downfall: they stop their usual courses to bewail his fate, and Lebanon with all its stately trees, (his confederated and allies,) sympathise with him in his misfortunes. 29204-900419-1526 -Eze31.16 29205-900419-1528 -Eze31.17 29206-900419-1532 -Eze31.18 Pharoah is here called upon to look in his mirror, and see the termination of his glory and greatness. That is, the judgment that befel the king of Assyria, is an exact representation of the destruction that remains for Pharoah and all his people. 29207-900419-1536 -Eze32.1 nations year of Jeconiah's captivity, about a year and half after the destruction of Jerusalem, and at a time when Pharaoh was in power and prosperity. 29208-900419-1538 -Eze32.2 29209-900419-1538 -Eze32.3 29210-900419-1540 -Eze32.4 29211-900419-1543 -Eze32.5 To represent the power, rapaciousness, and cruelty of Pharaoh, he had been compared to a fierce young lion, and also to an immense, overgrown sea-monster, or crocodile; and here it is predicted that God would cast a net over him, by which many companies of people should drag him out of his rivers, and cast him into the open field, mountains, valleys, etc., to be devoured by birds and beasts of pey; that is, his ruin would be complete, and attended with terrible miseries to the Egyptians, and afford a large booty to their enemies. 29212-900419-1545 -Eze32.6 overflowed annually by the Nile. 29213-900419-1549 -Eze32.7 29214-900419-1550 -Eze32.8 29215-900419-1551 -Eze32.9 29216-900419-1552 -Eze32.10 29217-900419-1554 -Eze32.11 29218-900419-1555 -Eze32.12 29219-900419-1556 -Eze32.13 29220-900419-1557 -Eze32.14 The neighboring countries shall be in a state of quietness, like a river that smoothly glides along, having no longer a political crocodile to foul their waters, or to disturb their peace. 29221-900419-1559 -Eze32.15 29222-900419-1559 -Eze32.16 29223-900419-1601 -Eze32.17 That is, of the twelfth month, just a fortnight after the preceding prophecy. 29224-900419-1603 -Eze32.18 That is, predict that they shall be cast down. The cities and colonies of the celebrated nations afterwards enumerated. 29225-900419-1605 -Eze32.19 29226-900419-1606 -Eze32.20 29227-900419-1608 -Eze32.21 Pharaoh is here represented as descending into the regions of the dead, whither many mighty warriors and potentates had gone before him, who welcome him to their dreary mansion. 29228-900419-1610 -Eze32.22 29229-900419-1612 -Eze32.23 29230-900419-1614 -Eze32.24 29231-900419-1616 -Eze32.25 corpse was deposited. 29232-900419-1618 -Eze32.26 Armeia, from whom, probably the Muscovites are descended. Probably the the Tibarenainas, a people of Pontus, west of the Moschians. 29233-900419-1621 -Eze32.27 that is, to the grave; and are buried in their armour, with their weapons lying by their sides, as was a very ancient practice in various nations. 29234-900419-1621 -Eze32.28 29235-900419-1624 -Eze32.29 29236-900419-1626 -Eze32.30 Chaldea, or of the Syrians and others north of Judah, with ` all the Zidonians,' dings of Zidon, Tyre, and other cities of Phoenicia. 29237-900419-1629 -Eze32.31 among the dead. conquerors in the same condition as himself 29238-900419-1630 -Eze32.32 29239-900419-1639 -Eze33.1 7-9 Ezekiel is admonished of his duty 10-16 God shews the justice of his ways towards the penitent and towards revolters 17-20 He maintains his justice 21-29 Upon the news of the taking of Jerusalem he prophecies the desolation of the land 30-33 God's judgment upon the mockers of the prophets 29240-900419-1641 -Eze33.2 sword upon her 29241-900419-1642 -Eze33.3 29242-900419-1645 -Eze33.4 29243-900419-1646 -Eze33.5 29244-900419-1647 -Eze33.6 29245-900419-1649 -Eze33.7 29246-900419-1651 -Eze33.8 29247-900419-1653 -Eze33.9 29248-900419-1657 -Eze33.10 The impenitent Jews seem to have charged the prophet's messages with inconsistency: for whilst he warned them to repent, and assured the penitent of forgiveness, he also predicted that the people `would pine away in their transgressions.' The prediction, however, merely implied that God foresaw that the people in general would be impenitent, thou some individuals would repent and be pardoned. 29249-900419-1700 -Eze33.11 29250-900419-1701 -Eze33.12 29251-900419-1703 -Eze33.13 29252-900419-1705 -Eze33.14 29253-900419-1707 -Eze33.15 `The sin is not forgiven, unless that which is taken away be restored,' says Augustine. 29254-900419-1708 -Eze33.16 29255-900419-1709 -Eze33.17 29256-900419-1709 -Eze33.18 29257-900419-1710 -Eze33.19 29258-900419-1711 -Eze33.20 29259-900419-1715 -Eze33.21 3417. According to the date here given, this escaped Jew did not come to the prophet, with intelligence of Jerusalem being smitten, till about eighteen months after the event: but instead of the `twelfth year' eight MSS. and the Syriac read the {eleventh}. prophet. 29260-900419-1716 -Eze33.22 29261-900419-1716 -Eze33.23 29262-900419-1718 -Eze33.24 Gedaliah, after the desolation of Jerusalem, flattered themselves, notwithstanding all their crimes, that they should inherit the whole land. 29263-900419-1720 -Eze33.25 29264-900419-1722 -Eze33.26 29265-900419-1724 -Eze33.27 29266-900419-1726 -Eze33.28 29267-900419-1727 -Eze33.29 29268-900419-1729 -Eze33.30 29269-900419-1733 -Eze33.31 29270-900419-1734 -Eze33.32 29271-900419-1735 -Eze33.33 29272-900421-2009 -Eze34.1 7-10 God's judgment against them 11-19 His providence over his flock 20-31 The kingdom of Christ 29273-900421-2017 -Eze34.2 princes, priests and prophets; the flock, the whole of the people; the fat and wool, the tithes and offerings, taxes and imposts: these they exacted with great rigour, and even oppressed and destroyed the people it enrich themselves; but they bestowed no pains to provide for the welfare of the state, or for the souls of those entrusted to them. They knew nothing about their flock: it might be diseased, infirm, bruised, maimed, strayed, or lost, for they watched not over them. 29274-900421-2019 -Eze34.3 29275-900421-2025 -Eze34.4 29276-900421-2027 -Eze34.5 29277-900421-2028 -Eze34.6 29278-900421-2029 -Eze34.7 29279-900421-2030 -Eze34.8 29280-900421-2030 -Eze34.9 29281-900421-2034 -Eze34.10 29282-900421-2035 -Eze34.11 29283-900421-2037 -Eze34.12 seeking of, etc. 29284-900421-2039 -Eze34.13 29285-900421-2040 -Eze34.14 29286-900421-2041 -Eze34.15 29287-900421-2043 -Eze34.16 29288-900421-2045 -Eze34.17 29289-900421-2046 -Eze34.18 29290-900421-2046 -Eze34.19 29291-900421-2047 -Eze34.20 29292-900421-2047 -Eze34.21 29293-900421-2048 -Eze34.22 29294-900421-2053 -Eze34.23 years; and from that time till now there never has been a ruler of any kind in the Jewish nation of the name of David. By David, then, we must understand the Messiah, as the Jews themselves acknowledge, so called because descended from him, and also as being the well beloved [], Son of the Father, as the name imports, and in whom all the promises made to David were fulfilled. 29295-900421-2056 -Eze34.24 29296-900421-2057 -Eze34.25 29297-900421-2059 -Eze34.26 29298-900421-2101 -Eze34.27 29299-900421-2104 -Eze34.28 only a typical accomplishment in the return from captivity under Zerubbable, and in their consequent prosperity; but the restoration of the Jews from their present captivity, and the consequent peace and prosperity of the church and world, fully answer to this energetic language. 29300-900421-2106 -Eze34.29 29301-900421-2109 -Eze34.30 29302-900421-2110 -Eze34.31 29303-900421-2112 -Eze35.1 insulting over their distress 29304-900421-2115 -Eze35.2 29305-900421-2116 -Eze35.3 29306-900421-2117 -Eze35.4 29307-900421-2119 -Eze35.5 29308-900421-2120 -Eze35.6 29309-900421-2122 -Eze35.7 29310-900421-2122 -Eze35.8 29311-900421-2128 -Eze35.9 years after the destruction of Jerusalem, many of the Edomites, during the Babylonian captivity, being driven from their ancient habitation by the Nabatheans, seized upon the south-western part of Judea; but afterwards they were conquered by Hyrcanus, and reduced to the necessity of embracing the jewish religion; and at last became either incorporated with that nation, or swallowed up and lost among the Nabathean Arabs, so that the very name was abolished and disused about the end of the first century after Christ. Their country in now barren; and their cities, even Bozra and Petra, totally demolished and in ruins. 29312-900421-2129 -Eze35.10 29313-900421-2130 -Eze35.11 29314-900421-2131 -Eze35.12 29315-900421-2133 -Eze35.13 29316-900421-2134 -Eze35.14 29317-900421-2135 -Eze35.15 29318-900421-2138 -Eze36.1 heathen, who spitefully used it 8-15 and by the blessings of God promised unto it 16-20 Israel was rejected for their sin 21-24 and shall be restored without their desert 25-38 The blessings of Christ's kingodm 29319-900421-2139 -Eze36.2 29320-900421-2149 -Eze36.3 tongue 29321-900421-2151 -Eze36.4 29322-900421-2158 -Eze36.5 29323-900421-2159 -Eze36.6 29324-900421-2202 -Eze36.7 29325-900421-2205 -Eze36.8 they would soon be in possesion of the whole land of Judea, might be assured that the predicted seventy years of the captivity were wearing away, and the time would soon arrive when the Jews would reposses and cultivate their own land, and eat its fruits. 29326-900421-2206 -Eze36.9 29327-900421-2210 -Eze36.10 29328-900421-2215 -Eze36.11 prosperous after the captivity as they had been before; hence this prophecy must refer to the times of the Gospel and the future conversion and restoration of the Jews. 29329-900421-2216 -Eze36.12 valleys, and wastes of Judea. 29330-900421-2217 -Eze36.13 29331-900421-2217 -Eze36.14 29332-900421-2218 -Eze36.15 29333-900421-2219 -Eze36.16 29334-900421-2220 -Eze36.17 29335-900421-2221 -Eze36.18 29336-900421-2222 -Eze36.19 29337-900421-2227 -Eze36.20 an abject and wretched company of people. They were recognized as the worshippers of Jehovah wherever they went; but they were looked upon as a viler and more worthless race than any of the idolators among whom they were driven. Many would ascribe their wickedness to the tendency of their religion, which they abhored, and not to their having acted inconsistently with it; and regard thier miseries, not as the punishment of their sins, but as proofs of God's inability to protect them. This profanation of his holy name, Jehovah was determined to wipe away, by shewing mercy unto them. 29338-900421-2228 -Eze36.21 29339-900421-2229 -Eze36.22 29340-900421-2231 -Eze36.23 29341-900421-2234 -Eze36.24 29342-900421-2237 -Eze36.25 29343-900421-2238 -Eze36.26 29344-900421-2241 -Eze36.27 29345-900421-2246 -Eze36.28 29346-900421-2248 -Eze36.29 29347-900421-2248 -Eze36.30 29348-900421-2250 -Eze36.31 29349-900421-2251 -Eze36.32 29350-900421-2253 -Eze36.33 29351-900421-2254 -Eze36.34 29352-900421-2255 -Eze36.35 29353-900421-2256 -Eze36.36 29354-900421-2257 -Eze36.37 29355-900421-2259 -Eze36.38 29356-900421-2307 -Eze37.1 11-14 the dead hope of Israel is revised 15-17 By the uniting of two sticks 18-20 is shewn the incorporation of Israel into Judah 21-28 The promises of Christ's kingdom and desperate state of both Israel and Judah; and the revivification of these bones signifies their restoration to their own land after their captivity, and also their recovery from their present long dispersion. Although this is the primary and genuine scope of the vision, yet the doctrine of a general resurrection of the dead may justly be inferred from it; for `a simile of the resurrection,' says Jerome, after Tertullian and others, would never have been used to signify the restoration of the people of Israel, unless such a future resurrection had been believed and known; because no one attempts to confirm uncertain things by things which have no existence.' 29357-900421-2308 -Eze37.2 29358-900421-2310 -Eze37.3 29359-900421-2313 -Eze37.4 29360-900421-2313 -Eze37.5 29361-900421-2315 -Eze37.6 29362-900421-2316 -Eze37.7 29363-900421-2316 -Eze37.8 29364-900421-2317 -Eze37.9 29365-900421-2317 -Eze37.10 29366-900421-2319 -Eze37.11 29367-900421-2328 -Eze37.12 under which figure Isaiah (ch. 26.9) also describes the restoration of the house of Israel, when he says, `thy dead men shall live;' at which time their bones are said to flourish (ch 66.14) or to be restored to their former strength and vigour; and, in like manner, St. Paul, (Ro. 11.15,) expressed their conversion by `life from the dead.' In the land of their captivity, they seemed as absolutely deprived of their country as persons committed to the grave are cut off from the land of the living; but when Cyrus issued his proclamation, Jehovah, as it were, opened their graves, and when he stirred up their spirits to embrace the proffered liberty, he put his Sprit within them, that they might live; and their re-establishment in their own land envinced the truth of God in the prediction, and his power in its accomplishment. 29368-900421-2329 -Eze37.13 29369-900421-2330 -Eze37.14 29370-900421-2331 -Eze37.15 29371-900421-2331 -Eze37.16 29372-900421-2332 -Eze37.17 29373-900421-2333 -Eze37.18 29374-900424-1714 -Eze37.19 29375-900421-2334 -Eze37.20 29376-900421-2335 -Eze37.21 29377-900421-2339 -Eze37.22 It is evident that the grand union of Israel and Judah here predicted, and their government under one king, and that king to be David, must still be future; for, politically speaking, they never had a king from that day to this, far less a king or prince of that name. (See on ch 34.23) 29378-900422-0921 -Eze37.23 29379-900422-0924 -Eze37.24 29380-900422-0926 -Eze37.25 29381-900422-0929 -Eze37.26 29382-900422-0930 -Eze37.27 29383-900422-0932 -Eze37.28 29384-900422-0933 -Eze38.1 8-13 and malice of Gog 14-23 God's judgment against him 29385-900422-0938 -Eze38.2 of Rosh, Meshech, and Tubal.' By Magog is most probably meant the Scythians or Tartars, called so by Arabian and Syrian writers, and especially the Turks, who were originally natives of Tartary; and by Rosh, the Russians, descendents of the ancient inhabitants on the river Araxes or Rosh. 29386-900422-0939 -Eze38.3 29387-900422-0941 -Eze38.4 29388-900422-0942 -Eze38.5 29389-900422-0943 -Eze38.6 29390-900422-0944 -Eze38.7 29391-900422-0947 -Eze38.8 29392-900422-0948 -Eze38.9 29393-900422-0950 -Eze38.10 29394-900422-0951 -Eze38.11 29395-900422-0954 -Eze38.12 prey the prey 29396-900728-1627 -Eze38.13 29397-900728-1629 -Eze38.14 29398-900728-1633 -Eze38.15 29399-900728-1647 -Eze38.16 Though it is not generally agreed what people or transactions are here predicted, yet it seems evident that the prophecy is not yet accomplished. Nothing occurred in the wars of Cambyses, or Antiochus Epiphanes with the Jews, that answers to it; and the expression here used, in the latter days, plainly implies that there should be a succession of many ages between the publication of the prediction and its accomplishment. It is therefore supposed, with much probability, that its fulfilment will be posterior to the conversion of the Jews and their restoration to their own land; and that the Turks, Tarters, or Scythians, from the northern parts of Asia, perhaps uniting with the inhabitants of some more southern regions, will make war upon the Jews and be cut off in a manner predicted here. 29400-900422-1441 -Eze38.17 29401-900422-1442 -Eze38.18 29402-900422-1444 -Eze38.19 29403-900422-1445 -Eze38.20 29404-900422-1446 -Eze38.21 29405-900422-1448 -Eze38.22 29406-900422-1449 -Eze38.23 29407-900422-1453 -Eze39.1 8-10 Israel's victory 11-16 Gog's burial in Hamon-gog 17-20 The feast of the fowls 21-24 Israel having been plagued for their sins 25-29 shall be gathered again with eternal favour Meshech, and Tubal.' 29408-900422-1457 -Eze39.2 It is probable that none of the invaders will escape: but perhaps the inhabitants of Magog in general are meant. The immense army of Gog, led forth against Israel, will almost empty his land; and the subsequent judgments of God upon those that remain at home, will reduce them to a sixth of the whole plagues; or, draw thee back with a hook of six teeth, as ch 38.4 29409-900422-1457 -Eze39.3 29410-900422-1459 -Eze39.4 29411-900422-1500 -Eze39.5 29412-900422-1502 -Eze39.6 Some terrible judgment will destroy the countries whence the army of Gog was led forth, about the same time that the army itself shall be cut off. 29413-900422-1504 -Eze39.7 29414-900422-1506 -Eze39.8 The prophet, seeing in vision the accomplishment of the prediction, speaks of it as already come and done. 29415-900422-1510 -Eze39.9 The language here employed seems to intimate that the army of Gog will be cut off by miracle, as that of Sennacherib; for the people are described as going forth, not to fight and conquer, but merely to gather the spoil, and to destroy the weapons of war, as no longer of use. When the immense number and destruction of the invaders are con- sidered, and also the little fuel comparatively which is necessary in warm climates, we may easily conceive of this being literally fulfilled. 29416-900422-1511 -Eze39.10 29417-900422-1514 -Eze39.11 Probably the valley near the Sea of Gennesareth, as the Targum renders, and so called because it was the great road by which the merchants and traders from Syria and other Eastern countries went in Egypt, Perhaps what is now called the plains of Haouran, south of Damascus. 29418-900422-1515 -Eze39.12 29419-900422-1516 -Eze39.13 29420-900422-1517 -Eze39.14 29421-900422-1517 -Eze39.15 29422-900422-1518 -Eze39.16 29423-900422-1520 -Eze39.17 29424-900422-1521 -Eze39.18 29425-900422-1522 -Eze39.19 29426-900422-1522 -Eze39.20 29427-900422-1523 -Eze39.21 29428-900422-1524 -Eze39.22 29429-900422-1526 -Eze39.23 29430-900422-1527 -Eze39.24 29431-900422-1532 -Eze39.25 continuance, increase, partial reformation, and prosperity, till the days of Christ, followed by their present long continued dispersion, under the frown of God, and destitute of his Spirit, could in no degree answer to these predictions, Hence we must conclude, that some future events, exactly suitable to them, shall yet take place relative to the nation of Israel. 29432-900422-1534 -Eze39.26 29433-900422-1535 -Eze39.27 29434-900422-1536 -Eze39.28 29435-900422-1538 -Eze39.29 29436-900422-1601 -Eze40.1 temple 6-19 The description of the east gate of the outer court 20-23 of the north gate 24-26 of the south gate 27-31 of the south gate of the inner court 32-34 of the east gate 35-38 and of the north gate 39-43 Eight tables 44-47 The chambers 48,49 The porch of the house On Tuesday, April 20 29437-900422-1610 -Eze40.2 There can be little doubt, that the grand outlines of the description of the temple, in the following extraordinary vision, were taken from that of Solomon's with all the additions made to it in after ages; and we may suppose that Zerubbabel and the other Jews had respect to it, as far as circumstances which conclusively show, that something infinitely superior to either the first or second temple was intended; and that the external description must be considered as a figure and emblem of spiritual blessings. Probably the more immediate accomplishment of the prophecy will be subsequent to the conversion and restoration of the Jews, the destruction of Gog and Magog, and the pouring out of the Spirit, mentioned at the close of the last chapter; but whether there will be any external forms analogous to these cannot be determined, though in some respects it seems improbable. 29438-900422-1611 -Eze40.3 29439-900422-1612 -Eze40.4 29440-900422-1613 -Eze40.5 29441-900422-1615 -Eze40.6 29442-900422-1616 -Eze40.7 29444-900422-1617 -Eze40.9 29445-900422-1632 -Eze40.10 The entrance into the outer court seems to have been through a porch with doors at both ends; and on each side of this porch were three small chambers, or rooms, for the use of the porters, a reed square in size, with a passage of five cubits between them. The common cubit, termed the `cubit of a man,' (De 3.11) was about 18 inches; but the cubit used by the angel was, as we learn from (ch 43.13), `a cubit and a hand breadth,' or about three inches more than the common cubit, that is 21 inches. Hence the measuring reed, which was `six cubits long, by the cubit and the hand breadth,' (ver. 5) must have been about 10.5 feet 29446-900422-1633 -Eze40.11 29447-900422-1633 -Eze40.12 29448-900422-1636 -Eze40.13 The whole arch of the east gate, measured from the southern extremity of one room to the northern extremity of the opposite room, was 25 cubits; including the dimensions of the two rooms, or twelve cubits (ver. 7) the spaces before the rooms, or two cubits, (ver 12) and breadth of the entrance, ten cubits, (ver 11) making all 24 cubits, leaving one cubit for the thickness of the walls. 29449-900422-1637 -Eze40.14 29450-900422-1640 -Eze40.15 This was the whole length of the porch, from the outward front (ch 41.21,25,) to the inner side which looks into the first court,(ver 17) including the thickness of the walls, (ver 6) chambers, (ver 7) and spaces between them. 29451-900422-1643 -Eze40.16 29452-900422-1644 -Eze40.17 29453-900422-1644 -Eze40.18 29454-900422-1645 -Eze40.19 29455-900422-1646 -Eze40.20 29456-900422-1648 -Eze40.21 29457-900422-1650 -Eze40.22 Or, `suitable to them,' that is, to the arches of the east gate. The north gate into the outward court, and every thing belonging to it, were exactly the same as the east gate 29458-900422-1652 -Eze40.23 That is, the gate of the inner court was opposite, and exactly answered to the gate of the outward court, both on the north and east side; and between the gates of the outward and inner court was a space of an hundred cubits. 29459-900422-1654 -Eze40.24 That is, according to the measures of the eastern and northern gates. There does not appear to have been any gates on the west, though the courts seem to have extended to the western wall 29460-900422-1655 -Eze40.25 29461-900422-1656 -Eze40.26 29462-900422-1656 -Eze40.27 29463-900422-1658 -Eze40.28 As the outward court inclosed the inner, the prophet was led from the south gate of the outward court to the sourth gate of the inner, which was opposite it, and so into the inner court itself. 29464-900422-1701 -Eze40.29 The entrance into the inner court seems to have been through a portico, exactly like that at each gate of the outward court; but the ascent was by eight steps, instead of seven. 29465-900422-1704 -Eze40.30 These are supposed to have been built over the spaces which separated the little chambers, or porters' lodges. places, that we should read twenty-five; the word esrim appears to have been lost out of the text. 29466-900422-1705 -Eze40.31 29467-900422-1706 -Eze40.32 29468-900422-1706 -Eze40.33 29469-900422-1708 -Eze40.34 That is, probably, the capital of each pillar was ornamented with sculpture, representing leave of branches of the palm tree 29470-900422-1710 -Eze40.35 The north gate, as well as the east, was built in the same manner, and of the same dimensions, as the south gate. See the parallel passages. 29471-900422-1710 -Eze40.36 29472-900422-1711 -Eze40.37 primarily denotes. 29473-900422-1716 -Eze40.38 This place, where the legs and entrails of the sacrifices, especially of the burnt offerings, were washed, was just within the portico of the north entrance to the inner court, or court of the priests. An allusion to this is most probably made by the inspired apostle when writing his Epistle to the Hebrews, at the 10th chapter and 22nd verse. `Let us draw near with a true heart in full assurance of faith, having our hearts sprinkled from an evil conscience, and our bodies washed with pure water.' 29474-900422-1717 -Eze40.39 29475-900422-1720 -Eze40.40 Two tables were on each side, as you come into the porch of the gate; and two on each side of the inner part of the gate that looked towards the altar; in all eight tables, on which they slew and cut up the victims. It does not appear that any such tables were used either in the tabernacle or temple; and this seems to intimate the introduction of a new and more spiritual dispensation 29476-900422-1721 -Eze40.41 29477-900422-1721 -Eze40.42 29478-900422-1722 -Eze40.43 These were probably for hanging up the victims in order to flay them. 29479-900422-1723 -Eze40.44 29480-900422-1727 -Eze40.45 The word chamber probably here denotes a row of chambers, of which there seems to have been three: one for the singers; one for the priests who in their courses took charge of the sacred vessels and treasures; and one for the priests who attended on the altar and sacrifices. 29481-900422-1728 -Eze40.46 29482-900422-1730 -Eze40.47 This was the inner court, or court of the priests, which was of the same diemensions with each division of the outer court; and the altar stood directly before the porch of the temple 29483-900422-1733 -Eze40.48 The length of the porch was twenty cubits, the same as the breadth of the temple, and the breadth eleven cubits, that is, one cubit more than in Solomon's temple. Two bivalve, or folding doors, each leaf of them being three cubits wide, seem to have formed the entrance; which, with five cubits, perhaps of brick or stone work, one each side, called `the post of the porch' amount to sixteen cubits; and the other four cubits may be supposed to have been the distance from these posts to the outside walls of the temple. 29484-900422-1735 -Eze40.49 This was a flight of steps which led from the inner court into the temple. 29485-900422-1743 -Eze41.1 These were probably a sort of door-case on each side of the entrance; and the tabernacle perhaps was a kind of covering to the door, of the same dimensions. 29486-900422-1745 -Eze41.2 into the sanctuary, which seems to have been wider than that from the court to the porch. 29487-900422-1749 -Eze41.3 sanctuary (ver 2.) and holy of holies (ver 4); the breadth of the wall on each side of the gate being seven cubits, and the entrance into the holy place six cubits in width. 29488-900422-1750 -Eze41.4 29489-900422-1751 -Eze41.5 29490-900422-1756 -Eze41.6 [heb] side chamber over side chamber Josephus, that around Solomon's temple were chambers three stories high, each story consisting of thirty chambers; which are supposed to have been on the north, south, and east sides of the temple. That is, the beams or supporters, of the chambers were not let into the main wall of the temple; but rested on projections of the outer wall, which became a cubit narrower at every story, leaving a ledge of one cubit, to support the beams. 29491-900422-1759 -Eze41.7 made broader, and went round In the same proportion in which the thickness of the wall decreased, the chambers increased, so that the middle story was one cubit larger, and the upper story two cubits larger, than the lower rooms; and a winding staircase, which widened in the same manner as the rooms, ascended from the bottom to the top. 29492-900422-1759 -Eze41.8 29493-900422-1801 -Eze41.9 This appears to have been a walk, or gallery of communication between the chambers, five cubits broad, into which the doors opened. 29494-900422-1802 -Eze41.10 As the word rendered {chambers} is different from that used before, it is supposed there was another row of buildings, parallel with the side chambers, with a passage of twenty cubits between 29495-900422-1803 -Eze41.11 29496-900422-1804 -Eze41.12 This appears to have been a building erected at the west end of the temple. 29497-900422-1805 -Eze41.13 These verses (13-15) seem to intimate, that all the buildings of the temple occupied an area of 100 square cubits. 29498-900422-1806 -Eze41.14 29499-900422-1807 -Eze41.15 29500-900422-1809 -Eze41.16 Probably either by jutting out of the main wall of the temple; or by lattice work, or curtains, or by both 29501-900422-1810 -Eze41.17 That is, the windows were placed above the height of the door, at the east end of the temple, and thus continued, at the same height, and at measured distances, along both sides of the holy place, to the wall of the inner sanctuary, in which there were no windows. 29502-900422-1812 -Eze41.18 29503-900422-1812 -Eze41.19 29504-900422-1812 -Eze41.20 29505-900422-1812 -Eze41.21 29506-900422-1816 -Eze41.22 This must signify the altar of incense; which, both in the tabernacle and Solomon's temple, was covered with plates of gold. It is very remarkable, that in this temple described by Ezekiel, there is not the least mention of gold or silver, though there was such a profusion of these metals in the former; which may probably imply, that a glory of a more spiritual nature was intended under these emblems. 29507-900422-1817 -Eze41.23 29508-900422-1817 -Eze41.24 29509-900422-1817 -Eze41.25 29510-900422-1818 -Eze41.26 29511-900422-1821 -Eze42.1 13,14 The use thereof 15-20 The measures of the outward court This seems to denote a row of chambers in three stories; which appear to have been situated in the inner court, (here called the outer court in reference to the temple, ver 13.14) just before the seperate place, at the entrance from the north. 29512-900422-1823 -Eze42.2 Perhaps this means, that the north door was 100 cubits from the entrance into the court; and that the door-way, or portico, was 50 cubits in length; or, that it faced one of the cloisters, the length of which was 100 cubits, and its breadth 50, which was the proportion of all the cloisters 29513-900422-1825 -Eze42.3 One side of these buildings looked upon the void space about the temple of twenty cubits, and the other toward the pavement belonging to the outer court. 29514-900422-1826 -Eze42.4 These seems to have been two rows of these chambers, and a walk between of ten cubits in width with an entrance into it from the chambers, of one cubit in width. 29515-900422-1828 -Eze42.5 and the building consisted of the lower and the middlemost. 29516-900422-1828 -Eze42.6 29517-900422-1828 -Eze42.7 29518-900422-1830 -Eze42.8 Passing from the north to the south side of the temple (ver. 11, 12) the prophet was shewn that the space of ground, which was before the temple on the east, measured 100 cubits. 29519-900422-1831 -Eze42.9 29520-900422-1833 -Eze42.10 Rather, `the breadth of the wall,' that is, the breadth of ground which it enclosed. These south chambers were exactly like those on the north. 29521-900422-1833 -Eze42.11 29522-900422-1833 -Eze42.12 29523-900422-1835 -Eze42.13 29524-900422-1838 -Eze42.14 29525-900422-1839 -Eze42.15 29526-900422-1846 -Eze42.16 Estimating the reed at 10.5 feet, 500 reeds will be nearly equal to a mile; so that from this statement we find the temple with its outbuildings, was built on a square, nearly an English mile on each side, and four miles in circumference, This not only far exceeds the size of Solomon's temple, or that after the captivity, which was only 500 cubits, or a furlong, on each side, and exactly half a mile in circuit; but is nearly equal to the whole extent of Jerusalem itself, which, when greatest, was but 33 furlongs in circumference, somewhat less that 4.25 miles. This seems clearly to intimate, that the vision cannot be explained of any temple that has hitherto been built, or indeed of any literal temple, but figuratively and mystically of the spiritual temple, the church under the gospel, and its spiritual glory. 29527-900422-1846 -Eze42.17 29528-900422-1846 -Eze42.18 29529-900422-1847 -Eze42.19 29530-900422-1848 -Eze42.20 29531-900422-2203 -Eze43.1 7-9 The sin of Israel hindered God's presesence 10-12 The prophet exhorts them to repentance and observation of the law of the house 13-17 The measures 18-27 and orrdinances of the altar 29532-900422-2205 -Eze43.2 29533-900422-2206 -Eze43.3 destroyed. 29534-900422-2209 -Eze43.4 Though the personal presence of Immanuel in the second temple rendered it more glorious than that of Solomon (Hag 2.5-9) yet this part of the vision rather relates to the times predicted in the whole of this description, those which shall succeed the conversion of the Jews, and their restoration to their own land. 29535-900422-2210 -Eze43.5 29536-900422-2211 -Eze43.6 29537-900422-2215 -Eze43.7 29538-900422-2216 -Eze43.8 between me and them. 29539-900422-2219 -Eze43.9 carcases of their kings far from me, and I will dwell in the midst of them for ever.' It is a prediction and promise, and not an exhortation. 29540-900422-2222 -Eze43.10 29541-900422-2224 -Eze43.11 29542-900422-2225 -Eze43.12 29543-900422-2226 -Eze43.13 29544-900422-2233 -Eze43.14 These settles were ledges by which the altar was narrowed towards the top; and the whole of it may thus be computed: Height Cubits Base, ver 13 1 To first ledge, ver 14 1 To upper ledge, ver 14 4 To hearth, ver 15 4 ------- In all 10 Breadth Cubits Upper ledge, ver 17 14 For higher ledge, ver 14 2 For lower ledge, ver 14 2 For base, ver 13 2 ------ In all 20 Hence the upper part of the altar was only twelve cubits square (ver 16,) the upper settle, or ledge, being in all fourteen cubits, (ver. 17,) deducting two cubits from its dimensions. Though this altar was the same in height, and breadth with that of Solomon, yet it differed materially from it in having settles or ledges; on which the priests walked round the altar, to officiate in offering sacrifices. 29545-900422-2236 -Eze43.15 called in opposition to the idolatrous high places. hearth, and {ail}, God. 29546-900422-2237 -Eze43.16 29547-900422-2239 -Eze43.17 for the law ordained that the priest should not ascend by stairs. 29548-900422-2240 -Eze43.18 29549-900422-2243 -Eze43.19 29550-900422-2244 -Eze43.20 29551-900422-2244 -Eze43.21 29552-900422-2245 -Eze43.22 29553-900422-2246 -Eze43.23 29554-900422-2247 -Eze43.24 29555-900422-2247 -Eze43.25 29556-900422-2248 -Eze43.26 29557-900422-2249 -Eze43.27 29558-900422-2253 -Eze44.1 4-8 The priests reproved for polluting the sanctuary 9-14 Idolaters incapable of the priests office 15,16 The sons of Zadok are accepted thereto 17-31 Ordinances for the priests was the inner sanctuary. 29559-900422-2253 -Eze44.2 29560-900422-2301 -Eze44.3 It is probable that the prince mentioned here and elsewhere, does not mean the Messiah, but the ruler of the jewish nation for the time being. For it is not only directed where he should sit in the temple, and eat his portion of the sacrifices, and when and how he should go out; but it is also ordered (ch. 45.22) that at the passover he shall offer a bullock, a sin offering for himself and the people; and to guard him against any temptation of oppressing the people, he had a provision of land allotted to him (ch 45.8) out of which he is to give an inheritance for his sons (ch 46.18) These appear plainly to be political rules for common princes, and for a succession of them; but as no such rules were observed under the second temple, the fulfilment of it must still be future. 29561-900422-2302 -Eze44.4 29562-900422-2304 -Eze44.5 29563-900422-2305 -Eze44.6 29564-900422-2310 -Eze44.7 The introduction of uncircumcised persons to eat of the peace offerings and oblations, would have been a gross violation of the Mosaic law; but, as there was no law to exclude `the uncircumcised of heart,' who were circumcised and ritually clean, this seems to point out a new and different constitution. 29565-900422-2311 -Eze44.8 29566-900422-2312 -Eze44.9 29567-900422-2314 -Eze44.10 29568-900422-2318 -Eze44.11 As few, if any, of those who, before the captivity, had been guilty in these respects, lived to witness the restoration of the temple service; and as it does not appear that their descendants were thus degraded for the idolatry of their ancestors; it is probable that a thorough reformation of the whole church, or the prevalence of pure religion among the converted Jews, is here predicted. 29569-900423-1958 -Eze44.12 were for a stumbling block of iniquity unto 29570-900423-1959 -Eze44.13 29571-900423-1959 -Eze44.14 29572-900423-2002 -Eze44.15 29573-900423-2006 -Eze44.16 To place the shew-bread there. It is observable, that the table in the sanctuary is mentioned rather than the altar of incense; perhaps intimating the change in the external institutions of Divine worship which should take place before the accomplishment of the prophecy. It is not easy to determine, whether any external regulations, with respect to Divine ordinances, answerable to these predictions, will be made among the converted Jews, when reinstated in their own land, or not. 29574-900423-2007 -Eze44.17 29575-900423-2009 -Eze44.18 [heb] in, or with sweat 29576-900423-2010 -Eze44.19 29577-900423-2010 -Eze44.20 29578-900423-2011 -Eze44.21 29579-900423-2013 -Eze44.22 This was prohibited only to the high priest under the law; but it is here extended to all the priests, perhaps to intimate the superior sanctity of the times to which it refers. 29580-900423-2014 -Eze44.23 29581-900423-2021 -Eze44.24 This seems to intimate, that controversies, in the period predicted, will be generally decided by arbitration, according to the law of God; and not by litigations before human tribunals, according to the laws of man. 29582-900423-2022 -Eze44.25 29583-900423-2022 -Eze44.26 29584-900423-2023 -Eze44.27 29585-900423-2024 -Eze44.28 29586-900423-2025 -Eze44.29 29587-900423-2026 -Eze44.30 29588-900423-2027 -Eze44.31 29589-900423-2038 -Eze45.1 6 for the city 7,8 and for the prince 9-25 Ordinances for the prince That our translators rightly added the word {reeds}, is evident from the length and breadth of the sanctuary being exactly the same as before, (comp. ver 2 with ch 42.16-19) Estimating the reed at 3.5 yards, this holy oblation would constitute a square of nearly fifty miles on every side. From the north side a portion or nearly twenty miles in length, and nearly fifty in length, was appointed for the priests; and in the midst of this portion, the area of the sanctuary, about a mile square, to be enclosed by a wall, (ver 1,2) Next to this, on the south, was the Levites' portion, of the same dimensions as that of the priests' (ver 5) and south of this was portion for the city, of the same length as those of the priests and Levites, but only half the width (ver 6) These three formed the square of 25,000 reeds, or nearly fifty miles; and that set apart for the prince, the breadth of which is not mentioned, extended in length from north to south, along the east and west sides of the square. As Canaan would not admit of so large a portion for the sanctuary, etc. this was no doubt intended to the intimate the large extent of the church in the glorius times predicted. 29590-900423-2039 -Eze45.2 29591-900423-2039 -Eze45.3 29592-900423-2040 -Eze45.4 29593-900423-2041 -Eze45.5 29594-900423-2041 -Eze45.6 29595-900423-2042 -Eze45.7 29596-900423-2047 -Eze45.8 In the predicted period, not only shall the ministers and wor- shippers of God be liberally provided for, but the princes will be both able and willing to defray the expenses of government, without oppressing their subjects, and will rule over them with equity and clemency, as the viceregents of God; while the people will submit to them conscientiously, and live in peace, prosperity, and holiness. These things seem to be represented in language taken from the customs of the times in which the prophet wrote. Tithes are not mentioned in part of the vision, which shows that the ritual Mosaic law will not be in force. 29597-900423-2049 -Eze45.9 29598-900423-2050 -Eze45.10 29599-900423-2051 -Eze45.11 The ephah was a dry measure, and the bath a liquid measure, con- taining about seven gallons, four pints, or three pecks, three pints; and the homer about seventy-five gallons, five pints 29600-900423-2053 -Eze45.12 That is, 20 + 25 + 15 = 60 shekels, though as a coin it was only equal to fifty, weighing about 2lb 6oz.; and reckoning the shekel at 2s.6d being in value 6l.5s. 29601-900423-2054 -Eze45.13 29602-900423-2054 -Eze45.14 29603-900423-2056 -Eze45.15 29604-900423-2056 -Eze45.16 29605-900423-2105 -Eze45.17 The prince is never mentioned in the ritual appointments of Moses, but here he is required to provide the oblations; and the variations in the Mosaic law, in the number of the several sacrifices, and the proportion of the meat offering to each being ten times as much as the law prescribed, with several other circumstances, seem more like enacting a new law, than enforcing that of Moses. These variations may intimate a change in the external constitution of the church; and it is probable that they are to be understood emblematically. 29606-900423-2108 -Eze45.18 This seems to enjoin, not a mere dedication, but an annual purification of the sanctuary; of which there is nothing said in the Mosaic law 29607-900423-2108 -Eze45.19 29608-900423-2109 -Eze45.20 Who wants understanding to conduct himself properly. 29609-900423-2118 -Eze45.21 29610-900423-2119 -Eze45.22 29611-900423-2120 -Eze45.23 29612-900423-2120 -Eze45.24 29613-900423-2122 -Eze45.25 The prince shall do at the feast of tabernacles the same thing he was desired to do on the passover. 29614-900423-2129 -Eze46.1 9-15 and for the people 16-18 An order for the prince's inheritance 19-24 The courts for boiling and baking Whether the rules for public worship here laid down were designed to be observed in those things wherein they differed from the law of Moses, in the ministrations of the second temple, is not certain. In the latter history of the Jewish church, the law of Moses only was followed, except in the corruption of following the traditions of the fathers. The prophet had before observed that the east gate of the outer court was shut, and was told that it must only be opened for the prince; and now he is informed that the gate of the inner court on the east was also shut, and is to be opened only on the sabbath and new moons, til the evening. 29615-900423-2132 -Eze46.2 Or, `offer,' as the word {dsah} frequently denotes. The whole of this seems to intimate the constant, reverential, and exemplery attendance of kings on the pure ordinances of religion, in the approaching flourishing days of the church. 29616-900423-2132 -Eze46.3 29617-900423-2134 -Eze46.4 The proportion of the burnt offering, and also of the meat and drink offerings, are very different here form those prescribed in the Mosaic law. The meat offering, under the law, was only three tenths of an ephah to a bullock, two tenths for a ram, with the fourth part of a hin of oil. 29618-900423-2136 -Eze46.5 29619-900423-2144 -Eze46.6 29620-900423-2145 -Eze46.7 29621-900423-2145 -Eze46.8 29622-900423-2148 -Eze46.9 This may intimate, that every thing should be regulated, in divine worship, so as to prevent disorder and interruption, and also that men should go forward and make progress in religion, and not turn their backs upon God. 29623-900423-2149 -Eze46.10 29624-900423-2152 -Eze46.11 29625-900423-2153 -Eze46.12 29626-900423-2157 -Eze46.13 It is observable, that there is nothing and about the evening sacrifice, of the additional lamb, morning and evening, on the sabbath, which makes an important difference between this and the old laws; and is probably an intimation of that change in the external forms of religion which the coming of the Messiah should introduce 29627-900423-2158 -Eze46.14 29628-900423-2158 -Eze46.15 29629-900423-2159 -Eze46.16 29630-900423-2201 -Eze46.17 That is, the year of Jubilee, called the year of liberty, because there was then a general release: all servants had their liberty; and all alienated estates returned to their former owners. 29631-900423-2203 -Eze46.18 29632-900423-2208 -Eze46.19 This entry was at the west side of the north gate of the inner court. This place was at the west corners of the inner court, or court of the priests; where they prepared the most holy things, the trespass and sin offering, which none but the priests might eat; that they might not `bear them out into the utter court, to sanctify the people,' that is, by touching them incapacitate them from discharging their ordinary occupations. 29633-900423-2210 -Eze46.20 29634-900423-2211 -Eze46.21 the corner of a court; and a court in a corner of a court. 29635-900423-2214 -Eze46.22 These courts in the corners of the outer court, or court of the people, appear to have been a kind of uncovered apartments, surrounded with little chambers for the cooks, and used for dressing the peace offerings of the people. On these their families and friends feasted; and portions were sent to the poor, the widow, and the orphan; and thus the spirit of devotion preserved the spirit of mercy, charity, and benevolence, in the land. 29636-900423-2214 -Eze46.23 29637-900423-2215 -Eze46.24 29638-900423-2257 -Eze47.1 6-12 The virtue of them 13-21 The borders of the land 22,23 The division of it by lot Solomon's temple and the second temple were doubtless well supplied with water, probably conveyed there by means of pipes; but these waters flowed {from} the temple, not as a common sewer, but as a fertilizing river. A fountain producing abundance of water was not in the temple, and could not be there on the top of such a hill; and consequently these waters, as well as those spoken of by Joel and Zechariah, must be understood figuratively and typically. These waters doubtless were an emblem of the `gospel preached with the Holy Ghost sent down from heaven;' and their gradual rise beautifully represents it progress, from small beginnings to an immensely large increase; and the latter part of the representation may relate to the times when it shall fill the earth, and produce the most extensive and important effects on the state of manking in every nation. 29639-900423-2258 -Eze47.2 29640-900423-2259 -Eze47.3 29641-900423-2300 -Eze47.4 29642-900423-2301 -Eze47.5 29643-900423-2301 -Eze47.6 29644-900423-2302 -Eze47.7 29645-900423-2305 -Eze47.8 This was the Dead sea, or sea of Sodom, east of Jerusalem, in which it is said no living creature is found; or, at least, from its extreme saltiness, it does not abound with fish like other seas. The healing of these waters denotes the calling of the Gentiles. 29646-900423-2308 -Eze47.9 29647-900423-2311 -Eze47.10 Apostles and preachers of the gospel. Great quntities of all kinds of fish usually caught in the Mediterranean, genuine converts of all nations, kindreds, and people 29648-900423-2313 -Eze47.11 Those who reject, neglect, or pervert the gospel be. or, and that which shall not be healed 29649-900423-2316 -Eze47.12 Probably, believers, `trees of righteousness,' who still bring forth, `fruit unto holiness,' and `whose end is eternal life.' 29650-900423-2317 -Eze47.13 29651-900423-2319 -Eze47.14 29652-900423-2320 -Eze47.15 29653-900423-2322 -Eze47.16 The district of Auranitis, now Haouran, S.W. of Damascus 29654-900423-2330 -Eze47.17 The Holy Land, as here described, extended from about 31 deg to 35 deg N. lat. and from 34 deg to 37 deg E. long.; being bounded on the north by a line drawn from the Mediterranean to Hamath; on the east by Damascus, Hauran, Gilead, and the land of Israel east of Jordan, unto the south of the Dead sea; on the south by Tamar and Kadesh, unto the river of Rhinocorura; and on the west by the Mediterranean sea, from the same point northward `till a man came over against Hamath;' and its length from north to south would be about 280 miles, and its breadth about 150 miles. The ten tribes, as well a Judah and Benjamin, were to be admitted to a full share in this inheritance, which seems to imply, that the future restoration to the promised land is predicted; while the admission of strangers who sojourned in the land to a share in the inheritance, as if native Israelites, plainly intimates the calling of the Gentiles into the church, and their joint inheritance of its privileges, and of the heavenly felicity. 29655-900423-2331 -Eze47.18 29656-900424-1715 -Eze47.19 29657-900424-1715 -Eze47.20 29658-900424-1716 -Eze47.21 29659-900424-1717 -Eze47.22 29660-900424-1717 -Eze47.23 29661-900424-1721 -Eze48.1 23-29 The portions of the twelve tribes 8-14 of the sanctuary 15-20 of the city and suburbs 21,22 and of the prince 30-35 The dimensions and gates of the city 29662-900424-1721 -Eze48.2 29663-900424-1723 -Eze48.3 29664-900424-1730 -Eze48.4 In this division of the Holy Lands, a portion is laid out for each of the twelve tribes directly across the country, from east to west; and deducting the square of 25,000 reeds, or nearly fifty miles on each side, between Judah and Benjamin, for the priests, Levites, city, and temple, with the inheritance of the prince to the east and west, (see on ch 45.1) from 280 miles, the length of the country from north to south, there will remain for each tribe a portion of less than twenty miles in width, and 150 in length. This division of the land entirely differes from that which was made in the days of Joshua, in which the tribes were not only differently placed, but confused and inter-mixed; while here distinct lots are assigned to each of the twelve tribes, in a regular mathematical form. Literally such a division never took place: it seems to denote the equality of privileges which subsists among all the tribes of Believers, of whatever nation, and whatever their previous character may have been. 29665-900424-1731 -Eze48.5 29666-900424-1731 -Eze48.6 29667-900424-1733 -Eze48.7 29668-900424-1734 -Eze48.8 29669-900424-1734 -Eze48.9 29670-900424-1735 -Eze48.10 29671-900424-1738 -Eze48.11 portion shall be for the priests 29672-900424-1738 -Eze48.12 29673-900424-1739 -Eze48.13 29674-900424-1739 -Eze48.14 29675-900424-1751 -Eze48.15 The holy oblation of 25,000 square reeds, or near fifty square miles, was divided into three parts from north to south (see on ch 45.1): a portion on the north of 10,000 reeds in width, and 25, 000 in length, for the priests, in the midst of which was the sanctuary or temple, surrounded by a wall 500 reeds square, (ver. 9, 10; see on ch. 42.15;) next to this another portion of the same dimensions for the Levites, (ver. 13,14;) and on the south another portion of the same length, but only 5000 reeds in breadth, for the city (ver 15). The city was situated in the midst of this portion, being 4500 reeds, or about nine miles square, (see on ver. 30,) having a suburb of 250 reeds, or about half a mile, on each side, (ver 17.) leaving 10,000 reeds or nearly ten miles, on the east side, and the same on the west side, for the profit of those who serve the city out of all the tribes, (ver. 18,19.) On the east and west sides of this square of 25,000 reeds, is the portion of the prince; each of which, estimating the breadth of the land at 150 miles, would form a square of fifty miles. Thus the whole plan of the division of the country, laying out of the city, temple, and all its appendages, is perfectly regular and uniform; and would therefore convey to the minds of the Jews the most complete idea they were capable of conceiving of the most perfect church, commonwealth, city, temple, and conveniences, on the largest and grandest scale for the Divine worship; and it doubtless ultimately points out the land of Immanuel, the city of the New Jerusalem, and his temple, the Christian church, the house of the living God. 29676-900424-1751 -Eze48.16 29677-900424-1752 -Eze48.17 29678-900424-1753 -Eze48.18 29679-900424-1756 -Eze48.19 29680-900424-1756 -Eze48.20 29681-900424-1758 -Eze48.21 29682-900424-1758 -Eze48.22 29683-900424-1759 -Eze48.23 29684-900424-1759 -Eze48.24 29685-900424-1800 -Eze48.25 29686-900424-1800 -Eze48.26 29687-900424-1801 -Eze48.27 29688-900424-1802 -Eze48.28 29689-900424-1803 -Eze48.29 29690-900424-1808 -Eze48.30 It is certainly most obvious to interpret these measures, not of cubits, but of the measuiring reed which the prophet's conductor had in his hand; according to which, the city would be about thirty-six miles in circumference, and nine miles on each side of the square; which was exactly nine times larger than the greatest extent to which Jerusalem ever attained, (See on ver 15; ch 42.16.) The large dimensions of the city and land were perhaps intended to intimate the extensive and glorius propagation of the gospel in the times predicted; and the land was not called Canaan, not the city Jerusalem, probably because they were figurative of spiritual blessings to the church and to Israel. 29691-900424-1809 -Eze48.31 29692-900424-1809 -Eze48.32 29693-900424-1809 -Eze48.33 29694-900424-1809 -Eze48.34 29695-900424-1811 -Eze48.35 29696-900226-2053 -Da1.1 3-7 Ashpenaz takes Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah 8-16 They refusing the king's portion do prosper with pulse and water 17-21 Their proficiency in wisdom 29697-900226-2056 -Da1.2 29698-900226-2057 -Da1.3 29699-900226-2102 -Da1.4 for lads, or young men. (see Ge 21.8,14-16), [] as the LXX render; and Daniel must have been at this time at least seventeen of eighteen years of age. wisdom, to acquire knowledge, and to attain science;' for it was not a knowledge of the sciences, but merely a capacity to learn them, that was required. 29700-900226-2105 -Da1.5 order for their courtiers the food left at their tables. 29701-900226-2106 -Da1.6 29702-900226-2107 -Da1.7 29703-900226-2113 -Da1.8 forbidden by Jewish law, but even the clean animals that were eaten were first offered as victims to their gods, and part of the wine was poured out as a libation on their altars. Hence Athenaeus calls the beasts served up at the tables of the Persian kings, [], victims. Daniel was therfore resolved not to defile himself with their viands; yet he did not rudely refuse what was intended as a kindness, but mildly and and modestly requested the proper officers to indulge him in this respect. 29704-900226-2114 -Da1.9 29705-900226-2115 -Da1.10 29706-900226-2118 -Da1.11 29707-900226-2121 -Da1.12 Pulse, [], denotes all leguminous plants, which are not reaped but pulled or plucked; which, however wholesome, was not naturally calculated to render them fatter in flesh than the others. 29708-900226-2121 -Da1.13 29709-900226-2121 -Da1.14 29710-900226-2123 -Da1.15 29711-900226-2124 -Da1.16 29712-900226-2127 -Da1.17 29713-900226-2127 -Da1.18 29714-900226-2129 -Da1.19 29715-900226-2131 -Da1.20 29716-900226-2133 -Da1.21 from the Babylonia captivity, though he did not die then. So till is used 29717-900226-2144 -Da2.1 Chaldeans, by promises and threatenings, 10-13 They acknowledging their inability are judged to die 14-18 Daniel obtaining some respite finds the dream 19-23 He blesses God 24-30 He staying the decree is brought to the king 31-35 The dream 36-45 The interpretation 46-49 Daniel's advancement computation, but the fourth according to that of the Jews, who reckon from the time he was associated with his father. 29718-900226-2145 -Da2.2 29719-900226-2145 -Da2.3 29720-900226-2149 -Da2.4 general term comprehending both the Chaldee and Syriac, the latter merely differing from the former as a dialect, and being written in a different character. With the following words the Chaldee part of Daniel commences; and is continued to the end of the seventh chapter. 29721-900226-2152 -Da2.5 extreme; but, in the course of God's providence, it was overruled to serve the most important purpose 29722-900226-2153 -Da2.6 29723-900226-2154 -Da2.7 29724-900226-2154 -Da2.8 29725-900226-2156 -Da2.9 29726-900226-2200 -Da2.10 God, who indeed condescends to dwell with men, and who alone could reveal the dream and the secrets contained in it, actually made it know to Daniel, he evinced the infinite difference between Jehovah and his prophets, and the idols and magicians of Babylon. 29727-900226-2200 -Da2.11 29728-900226-2201 -Da2.12 29729-900226-2203 -Da2.13 29730-900226-2205 -Da2.14 the executioneers, or slaughter-men. 29731-900226-2205 -Da2.15 29732-900226-2206 -Da2.16 29733-900226-2207 -Da2.17 29734-900226-2209 -Da2.18 fellows should not perish. or, they should not destroy Daniel 29735-900227-2106 -Da2.19 29736-900227-2109 -Da2.20 29737-900227-2112 -Da2.21 29738-900227-2115 -Da2.22 29739-900227-2118 -Da2.23 29740-900227-2118 -Da2.24 29741-900227-2120 -Da2.25 29742-900227-2121 -Da2.26 29743-900227-2121 -Da2.27 29744-900227-2124 -Da2.28 29745-900227-2125 -Da2.29 29746-900227-2127 -Da2.30 or, the intent that the interpretation may be made known to the king. 29747-900227-2129 -Da2.31 29748-900227-2130 -Da2.32 29749-900227-2131 -Da2.33 29750-900227-2133 -Da2.34 29751-900227-2147 -Da2.35 29752-900227-2147 -Da2.36 29753-900227-2149 -Da2.37 29754-900227-2151 -Da2.38 only king of note; in whose time it extended over Chaldea, Assyria, Arabia, Syria, Egypty, and Libya: the head of gold represented its immense riches. 29755-900227-2156 -Da2.39 union was denoted by the breast and two arems of silver; and which was established on the ruins of that of the Chaldeans on the capture of Babylon by Cyrus, B.C. 538 Greeks,' aptly denoted by the belly and thighs of brass, founded by Alexander the Great, who terminated the Persian monarchy by the overthrow of Darius Codomanus at Arbela B.C. 331 29756-900728-1920 -Da2.40 The Roman empire, which comprised nearly the whole world. 29757-900728-1921 -Da2.41 29758-900728-1921 -Da2.42 29759-900728-1923 -Da2.43 Chal. this with this. The Roman empire became weakened by a mixture of barborous nations, by the incursions of whom it was torn asunder about the fourth century after Christ, and at length divided into ten kingdoms, answering to the ten toes of the image. 29760-900728-1928 -Da2.44 Chal. in their days. That is, in the days of one of these kingdoms, (see Ru 1.1), i.e, the Roman; in which the `God of heaven set up' the spiritual kingdom of the Messiah, which shall yet `become a great mountain, and fill the whole earth.' 29761-900728-1931 -Da2.45 29762-900728-1931 -Da2.46 29763-900728-1933 -Da2.47 29764-900728-1935 -Da2.48 29765-900728-1935 -Da2.49 29766-900728-1940 -Da3.1 8-12 Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego are accused for not worshipping the image 13-18 They being threatened, make a godd confession 19-23 they are cast into the furnace 24-27 from which God delivers them 28-30 Nebuchadnezzar seeing the miracle blesses God, and advances them 29767-900728-1941 -Da3.2 29768-900728-1950 -Da3.3 Achashdarpenaya, rendered lieutenants is Es. 3.12, etc. probably {chief satraps or viceroys} from the Persian {achash} great, eminent, and {sitrab}, a satrap. {Signaya} in persian, {shagnah} deputies or lieutenants {Pacawatha}, governors of privinces. See Es 3.13 {Adargazraya}, chief judges, or senators, from {adar}, great, and [chal] {gezar}, to judge, decree {Gedavraya}, written {gizzavray} from the Persian {gunjvar}. {Dethavray} counsellors, judges, from {dath} in Persian, {dad}, law, and {var}, possessor of guardian. {Tiphtaya} probably the same as the Arabic {Mufti} or head officer of law. 29769-900728-1951 -Da3.4 29770-900301-2133 -Da3.5 29771-900301-2135 -Da3.6 29772-900301-2136 -Da3.7 29773-900301-2137 -Da3.8 29774-900301-2138 -Da3.9 29775-900301-2140 -Da3.10 29776-900301-2143 -Da3.11 29777-900301-2142 -Da3.12 29778-900301-2144 -Da3.13 29779-900301-2145 -Da3.14 29780-900301-2151 -Da3.15 sackbut. a kind of harp psaltery. a stringed intstrument struck with a plectrum; probably similar to what is called a psalterium in Egypt, which Hasselquist describes as a large oblique triangle, with two bottoms two inches from each other, and about twenty catguts of different sizes. dulcimer. probably the same as the Talmudic [], a pipe 29781-900301-2151 -Da3.16 29782-900301-2154 -Da3.17 29783-900301-2155 -Da3.18 29784-900301-2159 -Da3.19 29785-900301-2200 -Da3.20 29786-900301-2201 -Da3.21 another of woolen, a white short cloak, and a turban. 29787-900301-2202 -Da3.22 29788-900301-2203 -Da3.23 29789-900301-2205 -Da3.24 29790-900301-2207 -Da3.25 i.e. a divine person or angel. 29791-900301-2209 -Da3.26 29792-900301-2213 -Da3.27 witnessed by the court and the nation, and was felt as a just punishment on the transgressors, and a signal display of mercy to Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, which should operate on all believers to similar acts of faith and confidence in the Lord. 29793-900301-2218 -Da3.28 29794-900301-2221 -Da3.29 29795-900301-2221 -Da3.30 29796-900301-2226 -Da4.1 4-7 makes relation of his dreams, which the magicians could not interpret 8-18 Daniel hears the dream 19-27 He interprets it 28-37 The dream fulfilled ancient extant; and no doubt contains the exact words of Nebuchadnezzar, copied out by Daniel from the state papers of Babylon, and preserved in the original language. 29797-900301-2228 -Da4.2 29798-900301-2231 -Da4.3 29799-900301-2234 -Da4.4 Syria, Egypt, etc., and the immense improvements and buildings at Babylon, and in the enjoyment of uninterrupted peace and prosperity in his palace. 29800-900301-2235 -Da4.5 29801-900301-2236 -Da4.6 29802-900301-2237 -Da4.7 29803-900301-2238 -Da4.8 29804-900301-2240 -Da4.9 29805-900301-2242 -Da4.10 height of his exaltation, the extent of his dominions and renown, the splendor of his kingdom, the multitude of his subjects who received protection from him, and the peace and plenty they enjoyed. 29806-900301-2243 -Da4.11 29807-900301-2244 -Da4.12 29808-900301-2246 -Da4.13 watcher, as watching over the affairs of men. 29809-900301-2248 -Da4.14 29810-900301-2248 -Da4.15 29811-900301-2251 -Da4.16 Nebuchadnezzar, whom it represented; the tree being lost sight of, a person came in its stead. This person having lost the heart, or disposition of a man, and conceiving himself a beast, should act as such, and herd among them. language denoting a [year]. 29812-900302-1729 -Da4.17 29813-900302-1730 -Da4.18 29814-900302-1734 -Da4.19 for his prince and benefactor. Accordingly he expresses himself with the greatest delicacy and kindly feeling. 29815-900302-1735 -Da4.20 29816-900302-1744 -Da4.21 29817-900302-1813 -Da4.22 29818-900302-1814 -Da4.23 29819-900302-1815 -Da4.24 29820-900302-1820 -Da4.25 All the circumstances of Nebuchadnezzar's case, says Dr. Mead, agree so well with a hypochondriasis, that to me it appears evident the Almighty God brought this dreadful distemper upon him, and under its influence he ran wild into the fields: then fancying himself transformed into an ox, he fed on grass, after the manner of cattle; and, through neglect of himself, his hair and nails grew to an excessive length, so that the latter became thick and crooked, resembling bird's claws. 29821-900302-1821 -Da4.26 29822-900302-1824 -Da4.27 29823-900302-1824 -Da4.28 29824-900302-1826 -Da4.29 29825-900302-1828 -Da4.30 29826-900302-1830 -Da4.31 29827-900302-1832 -Da4.32 29828-900302-1833 -Da4.33 29829-900302-1842 -Da4.34 29830-900302-1845 -Da4.35 29831-900302-1848 -Da4.36 dream and its interpretation; and God so ordered it in his providence, that Nebuchadnezzar's counsellors and lords sought for him and gladly reinstated him in his kingdom. It is confidently believed that he was a true convert, and died in the faith of God of Israel. 29832-900302-1850 -Da4.37 29833-900304-2007 -Da5.1 29834-900304-2012 -Da5.2 Naboadelus, the Nabonadius of Ptolemy, and the Labynetus of Herodotus. He reigned seven years, during which time he was engaged in unsuccessful wars with the Medes and Persians; and at this very time was beseiged by Cyrus. 29835-900304-2013 -Da5.3 29836-900304-2014 -Da5.4 29837-900304-2017 -Da5.5 29838-900304-2021 -Da5.6 29839-900304-2024 -Da5.7 29840-900304-2025 -Da5.8 Samaritan character 29841-900304-2027 -Da5.9 29842-900304-2029 -Da5.10 merodach, son of Nebuchadnezzar, and father of Belshazzar 29843-900304-2033 -Da5.11 Belshazzar; but the term father in Hebrew and Chaldee is frequently use to denote a progenitor, or ancestor, however remote 29844-900304-2035 -Da5.12 29845-900304-2041 -Da5.13 who did `the king's business' in the palace (da 8.27) yet Belshazzar seems to have known nothing of him. This shews that he was a weak and vicious prince, who minded pleasure more than business, according to the character given him by historians. He appears to have left the the care of public affairs to his mother, Nitocris, a lady celebrated for her wisdom, who evidently knew Daniel well, and probably constantly employed him in the government of the kingdom. 29846-900304-2041 -Da5.14 29847-900304-2042 -Da5.15 29848-900304-2043 -Da5.16 29849-900304-2048 -Da5.17 to Belshazzar, than he had formerly done to Nebuchadnezzar. Belshazzar had that very night insulted the God of heaven in the most daring manner; and the venerable prophet, as His delegate, denounced sentence against him. 29850-900304-2049 -Da5.18 29851-900304-2050 -Da5.19 29852-900304-2053 -Da5.20 29853-900304-2054 -Da5.21 29854-900304-2057 -Da5.22 son is frequently used to denote filiation at any distance. 29855-900304-2103 -Da5.23 29856-900304-2103 -Da5.24 29857-900304-2106 -Da5.25 every one who knew the alphabet of the language could at least have read them: they are pure Chaldee, and literally denote `He is numbered, he is numbered; he is weighed; they are divided.' 29858-900304-2110 -Da5.26 29859-900304-2112 -Da5.27 29860-900304-2114 -Da5.28 who seem evidently referred to 29861-900304-2114 -Da5.29 29862-900304-2115 -Da5.30 29863-900304-2125 -Da5.31 maternal uncle to Cyrus, who allowed him the title of his conquests, as long as he lived 29864-900304-2128 -Da6.1 4-9 They, conspring against him, obtain an idolatrous decree 10-17 Daniel, accused of the breach thereof, is cast into the lion's den. 18-23 Daniel is saved 24 his adversaries devoured 25-28 and God magnified by a decree 29865-900304-2129 -Da6.2 29866-900304-2133 -Da6.3 now been employed full sixty-five years as prime minister under the kings of Babylon; and was justly entitled, from his acknowledged wisdom, to this preference. 29867-900304-2135 -Da6.4 29868-900304-2136 -Da6.5 29869-900304-2137 -Da6.6 29870-900304-2139 -Da6.7 29871-900304-2140 -Da6.8 29872-900304-2141 -Da6.9 29873-900304-2146 -Da6.10 29874-900304-2146 -Da6.11 29875-900304-2149 -Da6.12 devouring dertain criminals, whom the laws might consign to that kind of death. 29876-900304-2150 -Da6.13 29877-900304-2155 -Da6.14 decree had been solicited; and was exceedingly displeased with himself that he had suffered himself to be so deluded or annul the edict; but the foolish constitution of his government (exactly the reverse of the happy rule for the conduct of our gracious monarch) did not allow them to pardon any person who had broken one of their decrees, however arbitrary and unreasonable. 29878-900304-2156 -Da6.15 29879-900304-2158 -Da6.16 29880-900304-2159 -Da6.17 29881-900304-2200 -Da6.18 29882-900304-2201 -Da6.19 29883-900304-2204 -Da6.20 29884-900304-2204 -Da6.21 29885-900304-2207 -Da6.22 29886-900304-2209 -Da6.23 29887-900304-2212 -Da6.24 contrary to the Divine law which enacted that `the fathers should not be put to death for the children, not the children for their fathers.' 29888-900304-2213 -Da6.25 29889-900304-2217 -Da6.26 29890-900304-2218 -Da6.27 29891-900304-2219 -Da6.28 29892-900304-2223 -Da7.1 9-14 and of God's kingdom 15-28 The interpretation thereof 29893-900304-2224 -Da7.2 29894-900304-2226 -Da7.3 and oppression, emerging from the wars and commotions of the world 29895-900304-2229 -Da7.4 29896-900304-2231 -Da7.5 29897-900305-1945 -Da7.6 29898-900305-1951 -Da7.7 The Roman empire, which destroyed the Grecian, and became mistress of the world. 29899-900305-1954 -Da7.8 29900-900305-1952 -Da7.9 29901-900305-1957 -Da7.10 29902-900305-1958 -Da7.11 29903-900305-1959 -Da7.12 them 29904-900305-2003 -Da7.13 29905-900305-2006 -Da7.14 29906-900305-2010 -Da7.15 29907-900305-2011 -Da7.16 29908-900305-2012 -Da7.17 29909-900305-2014 -Da7.18 29910-900305-2014 -Da7.19 29911-900305-2020 -Da7.20 empire was divided; which were primarily, according to Machiavel Bp. Llyod, 1. The Huns in Hungary, A.D. 356 2. The Ostrogoths in Moesia, 377. 3. The Visigoths in Rannonia. 4. The Sneves and Alans in Gaseoigae and Spain, 407. 5. The Vandals in Africa, 407. 6. The Franks in France, 407. 7. The Burgundians in Burgundy, 407. 8. The Heruli and Turingi in Italy, 476. 9. The Saxons and Angles in Britain, 476. 10. The Lombards, first upon the Danube, 526, and afterwards in Italy. Though the ten kingdoms differed from these in later periods, and sometimes more or less, yet they were still known by that name. 29912-900305-2023 -Da7.21 diverse from the fromer, which from small beginnings thrust itself up among the ten kingdoms, till at length it successively eradicated three of them, the kingdom of Heruli, of the Ostrogoths, and of the Lombards. 29913-900305-2024 -Da7.22 29914-900305-2024 -Da7.23 29915-900305-2024 -Da7.24 29916-900305-2033 -Da7.25 sins, and to open and shut heaven, thundering out bulls and anathemas, excommunicating princes, absolving subjects for their allegiance, and exacting obedience to his decrees in open violation of reason and Scripture. days to a month, 1260 days, equal to the same number of years in prophetic language; which, dated from the decree of Phocas constituting him the supreme head of the church. A.D. 606, terminated in 1866. 29917-900305-2033 -Da7.26 29918-900305-2036 -Da7.27 29919-900305-2037 -Da7.28 29920-900305-2041 -Da8.1 13,14 The two thousand three hundred days of the suspension of the daily sacrifice 15-27 Gabriel comforts Daniel, and interprets the vision 29921-900305-2045 -Da8.2 29922-900305-2049 -Da8.3 ram's head with horns, one higher than the other, is still to be seen on the ruins of Persepolis. Media was the more ancient kingdom; but Persia, after Cyrus, was the most considerable. 29923-900305-2051 -Da8.4 29924-900305-2055 -Da8.5 29925-900305-2055 -Da8.6 29926-900305-2056 -Da8.7 29927-900305-2058 -Da8.8 29928-900305-2059 -Da8.9 29929-900305-2100 -Da8.10 29930-900305-2104 -Da8.11 29931-900305-2106 -Da8.12 was given over for the transgression against the daily sacrifice. 29932-900305-2111 -Da8.13 wonderful numberer. [HEB] Palmoni 29933-900305-2114 -Da8.14 That is, 2300 years, which reckoned from the time Alexander invaded Asia. b.C. 334, will be A.D. 1966. 29934-900305-2116 -Da8.15 29935-900305-2118 -Da8.16 29936-900305-2120 -Da8.17 29937-900305-2121 -Da8.18 29938-900305-2122 -Da8.19 29939-900305-2123 -Da8.20 29940-900305-2123 -Da8.21 29941-900305-2127 -Da8.22 the height of his conquests, his brother and two sons were all murdered; and the kingdom was divided among four of his generals 1. Seleuens, who had Syria and Babylon; 2. Lysimachus, who had Asia Minor; 3. Ptolemy, who had Egypt; and 4. Cassander, who had Greece. 29942-900305-2130 -Da8.23 burnt the city and temple, and scattered the Jews to the four winds of heaven 29943-900305-2131 -Da8.24 29944-900305-2134 -Da8.25 29945-900305-2136 -Da8.26 utter desolation of the sanctuary had continued 1764 years; and no doubt the end of 2300 years is not far distant. 29946-900305-2137 -Da8.27 29947-900305-2142 -Da9.1 3-15 makes confession of sins 16-19 and prays for the restoration of Jerusalem 20-27 Gabriel informs him of the seventy weeks learn from Tobit 14.15, where the taking of Ninevah is ascribed to Nebuchadnezzar and Assuerus, who were the same with Nabopolassar and Astyages. 29948-900305-2145 -Da9.2 29949-900305-2148 -Da9.3 29950-900305-2150 -Da9.4 29951-900305-2152 -Da9.5 29952-900305-2154 -Da9.6 29953-900305-2157 -Da9.7 29954-900311-1503 -Da9.8 29955-900311-1507 -Da9.9 mercies, forgiveness 29956-900311-1508 -Da9.10 29957-900311-1510 -Da9.11 29958-900311-1515 -Da9.12 the Jews during almost eighteen centuries, have far more exceeded all the miseries of the capture of Jerusalem by the Chaldeans, and in the Babylonish captivity, than these miseries exceeded the judgments inflicted on other nations; for the guilt of crucifying the Messiah, and rejecting his gospel, was immensely more atrocious than all their other transgressions 29959-900311-1521 -Da9.13 attests and prove the Divine authority of the preceeding. The history relates the fulfilment of former predictions; and then new prohecies are add, which future events accomplish, and thus demonstrate their inspiration to the latest ages. 29960-900311-1522 -Da9.14 29961-900311-1525 -Da9.15 29962-900311-1545 -Da9.16 29963-900311-1547 -Da9.17 29964-900311-1549 -Da9.18 29965-900311-1552 -Da9.19 29966-900311-1557 -Da9.20 29967-900311-1559 -Da9.21 29968-900311-1601 -Da9.22 understanding 29969-900311-1602 -Da9.23 29970-900311-1612 -Da9.24 which reckoned from the seventh year of Artaxerxes, coinciding with the 4256th year of the Julian period, and in the month Nisan, in which Ezra was commisioned to restore the Jewish state and polity, (Ezr 7.9-26) will bring us to the month of Nisan of the 4746th year of the same period, or A.D. 33, the very month and year in which our Lord suffered, and completed the work of our salvation. 29971-900311-1619 -Da9.25 periods. 1 seven weeks, or 49 years, for the restoration of Jerusalem. 2 Sixty-two weeks, or 434 years, from that time to the announcement of the Messiah by John the Baptist. 3 One week, or seven years, for the ministry of Hhn and of Christ himslef to the crucifixion. 29972-900311-1626 -Da9.26 Romans, who under Titus, after the expiration of the seventy weeks, destroyed the temple and the city, and dispersed the Jews. 29973-900311-1633 -Da9.27 or, upon the battlements shall be the idols of the desolator 29974-900311-1700 -Da10.1 10-21 Being troubled with fear, he is comforted by the angel 29975-900311-1701 -Da10.2 29976-900311-1703 -Da10.3 29977-900311-1704 -Da10.4 29978-900311-1705 -Da10.5 29979-900311-1707 -Da10.6 29980-900311-1707 -Da10.7 29981-900311-1709 -Da10.8 29982-900311-1710 -Da10.9 29983-900311-1710 -Da10.10 29984-900311-1712 -Da10.11 29985-900311-1720 -Da10.12 years; for the third year of Cyrus was the 73rd of his captivity; and being a youth when carried captive, he cannot be supposed to have been less than ninety. Old as he was, `he set his heart to understand,' the former revelations which had been made to him, and particularly the vision of the ram and he-goat, as may be collected from the sequel; and for this purpose he prayed and fasted three weeks. His fasting and prayers had the desire effect, for and angel was sent to unfold to him those mysteries; and whoever would excel in divine knowledge, must imitate Daniel, and habituate himself to study, temperance, and devotion. 29986-900311-1722 -Da10.13 29987-900311-1724 -Da10.14 29988-900311-1725 -Da10.15 29989-900311-1727 -Da10.16 29990-900311-1729 -Da10.17 29991-900311-1731 -Da10.18 29992-900311-1734 -Da10.19 29993-900311-1736 -Da10.20 29994-900311-1739 -Da10.21 29995-900311-1741 -Da11.1 5-29 Leagues and conflicts between the kings of the south and of the north 30-45 The invasion and tryanny of the Romans. 29996-900311-1744 -Da11.2 These were, Cambyses, son of Cyrus; Smerdis the Magian imposter; and Darius Hystaspes besides the Carthaginians, consisting of 300,000 men, and 200 ships. 29997-900311-1746 -Da11.3 Alexander the Great, whose kingdom after his death, as we have seen, was divided into four parts. 29998-900311-1748 -Da11.4 29999-900311-1750 -Da11.5 Ptolemy Lagus, king of Egypt, Cyrene, Selencus Nicator, who had Syria, etc., to which he added Macedonia and Thrace 30000-900311-1756 -Da11.6 After many wars between Ptolemy Philadelphus, king of Egypt, and Antiochus Theos, king of Syria, they agreed to make peace, on condition that the latter should put away his wife Laodice, and her sons, and marry Bernice, Ptolemy's daughter. Antiochus recalled Laodice, who, fearing another charage, caused him to be poisoned, and Bernice and her son to be murdered, and set her son Callinicus on the throne. Her father Ptolemy, who died a few years before. 30001-900312-2050 -Da11.7 Ptolemy Euergetes, who, to avenge his sister's death, marched with a great army against Callinicus, took all Asia from mount Taurus to India, and returned to Egypt with an immense booty. 30002-900312-2052 -Da11.8 Callinicus died an exile, and Euergetes survived him four or five years. 30003-900312-2053 -Da11.9 30004-900312-2056 -Da11.10 But the former being poisoned, the latter was proclaimed king, retook Seleucia and Syria, and then, after a truce, returned and overcame the Egyptian forces. stirred up again. 30005-900312-2058 -Da11.11 30006-900312-2100 -Da11.12 30007-900312-2101 -Da11.13 30008-900312-2102 -Da11.14 30009-900312-2106 -Da11.15 Ptolemy Philopater having been succeeded by Ptolemy Epiphanes, then a minor, Antiochus raised a greater army than before, and heaving defeated his best troops under Scopas, recovered possesion of Caelo -Ssyria and Palestine, with all their fortified cities. 30010-900312-2108 -Da11.16 30011-900312-2112 -Da11.17 Being assisted by the Jews, he purposed to subdue Egypt; but entering into treaty with Ptolemy, he gave him his daughter Cleopatra in marriage, thinking to engage her to betray the interests of her husband; but in which he was deceived 30012-900312-2116 -Da11.18 He subdued most of the maritime places and isles of the Mediterranean; but, being driven from Europe by the Roman consuls, he took refuge in Antioch; and, in order to raise the tribute they impressed upon him, he attempted to rab the temple of Elymais, and was there slain. 30013-900312-2122 -Da11.19 From the preceding verses in this chapter let us learn, 1. That God, in his providence, sets up one and pulls down another, as he pleases. 2. That this world is full of wars and fightings, which result from the indulgence of the lusts of men. 3. That all the changes and revolutions of states were plainly and perfectly foreseen by the God of heaven. 4. That no word of God can fall to the ground, but what he has declared shall infallibly come to pass. For the elucidation of the historicla parts of Scripture, is is advantageous to notice the writings of heathen authors: light is thus thrown on many passages of Holy Writ, by shewing the accomplishment of the prophecies therein contained, or customs elucidated, which, in the course of years, or in our more northern lattitude, would be to us inexplicable. We have therefore reason to bless God for human learning, by which many have done great service to the readers of His blessed word. 30014-900312-2135 -Da11.20 over the, etc. imposed on his father, and was poisoned by his treasurer Heliodorus 30015-900312-2135 -Da11.21 madman, for his despicable conduct. 30016-900312-2136 -Da11.22 30017-900312-2137 -Da11.23 30018-900312-2139 -Da11.24 30019-900312-2141 -Da11.25 Antiochus defeated the army of Ptolemy Philometer, and in the next campaign made himself master of all Egypt, except Alexandria. While they had frequent conferences at the same table, they spoke lies to each other; and the former returned to Syria laden with riches. 30020-900312-2142 -Da11.26 30021-900312-2145 -Da11.27 30022-900312-2147 -Da11.28 The Jews having rejoiced at a report of his death, he took Jerusalem, and slew 40,000 of the inhabitants, and polluted the temple 30023-900312-2147 -Da11.29 30024-900312-2150 -Da11.30 30025-900312-2152 -Da11.31 30026-900312-2155 -Da11.32 30027-900313-2007 -Da11.33 30028-900313-2009 -Da11.34 30029-900313-2012 -Da11.35 30030-900313-2018 -Da11.36 The preceeding verses (from ver. 31) relate to the Romans, who not only destroyed the city and temple of Jerusalem, and crucified the Messiah, but during almost 300 years sought by every means to extipate Christianity. The conversion of Constantine, though it stopped the rage of persecution, gave but little help to true religion. The power first exercised by the emperors, in calling and influencing ecclesiastical councils, gradually passed into the hands of the clergy; and the bishop and church of Rome at last carried it to an enormous length, magnifying themselves above every god. 30031-900313-2019 -Da11.37 30032-900313-2023 -Da11.38 But as for the almighty God, in his seat shall be honour, yea, he shall honour a god whom, etc. Saints and angels, who were invoked as intercessors and protectors, had miracles ascribed to them, their relics worshiped, and their shrines and images adorned with costly offerings. 30033-900313-2023 -Da11.39 30034-900313-2026 -Da11.40 30035-900313-2027 -Da11.41 30036-900313-2028 -Da11.42 30037-900313-2029 -Da11.43 30038-900313-2029 -Da11.44 30039-900313-2032 -Da11.45 holiness 30040-900313-2050 -Da12.1 5-13 Daniel is informed of the times 30041-900313-2052 -Da12.2 30042-900313-2054 -Da12.3 30043-900313-2056 -Da12.4 30044-900313-2057 -Da12.5 30045-900313-2059 -Da12.6 30046-900313-2102 -Da12.7 `saints were delivered into the hand' of `the little horn.' 30047-900313-2103 -Da12.8 30048-900313-2104 -Da12.9 30049-900313-2107 -Da12.10 30050-900313-2110 -Da12.11 Probably Mohammedanism, which sprang up in power the same year as the papal, A.D. 606; and 1290 years from that time will be A.D. 1896, and 1335 years A.D. 1941. 30051-900313-2110 -Da12.12 30052-900313-2112 -Da12.13 30053-900307-1023 -Ho1.1 1 Hosea, to shew God's judgment for spiritual whoredom, takes Gomer 4 and has by her Jezreel 6 Loruhamah 8 and Lo-ammi 10 The restoration of Judah and Israel under one head 30054-900307-1015 -Ho1.2 (That is, says Apb. Newcome, a wife from among the Israelites, who were a people remarkable for spiritual fornication or idolatry.) 30055-900215-2024 -Ho1.3 30056-900215-2024 -Ho1.4 (God will disperse, as seed is when sown; probably intimating also the speedy dispersion of Israel by Shalmaneser.) 30057-900215-2025 -Ho1.5 30058-900215-2025 -Ho1.6 utterly take them away. or, that I should altogether pardon them. See on 30059-900215-2025 -Ho1.7 30060-900215-2026 -Ho1.8 30061-900213-1606 -Ho1.9 30062-900213-1621 -Ho1.10 30063-900213-1635 -Ho1.11 (This seems to refer to the future conversion and restoration of the Jews and Israelites, under on head, Jesus Christ; so that there shall be one flock and one shepherd.) (An allusion to the word Jezreel. God who sowed them among the nations in His wrath, shall reap and gather them in His mercy;) 30064-900215-2031 -Ho2.1 1 The idolatry of the people 6 God's judgments against them 14 His promises of reconciliation with them 30065-900215-2036 -Ho2.2 30066-900215-2046 -Ho2.3 30067-900216-0812 -Ho2.4 (They are all idolaters; and have been consecrated to idols, whose marks they bear.) 30068-900216-0818 -Ho2.5 30069-900216-0822 -Ho2.6 30070-900216-0832 -Ho2.7 30071-900216-0838 -Ho2.8 30072-900216-0842 -Ho2.9 30073-900216-0846 -Ho2.10 30074-900216-0851 -Ho2.11 30075-900216-1928 -Ho2.12 30076-900502-1949 -Ho2.13 30077-900216-2029 -Ho2.14 30078-900216-2037 -Ho2.15 30079-900216-2041 -Ho2.16 30080-900216-2042 -Ho2.17 30081-900216-2048 -Ho2.18 30082-900216-2104 -Ho2.19 30083-900216-2108 -Ho2.20 30084-900216-2109 -Ho2.21 30085-900216-2110 -Ho2.22 30086-900216-2116 -Ho2.23 30087-900218-1017 -Ho3.1 30088-900218-1020 -Ho3.2 30089-900218-1021 -Ho3.3 30090-900218-1031 -Ho3.4 30091-900218-1042 -Ho3.5 30092-900218-1921 -Ho4.1 30093-900218-1933 -Ho4.2 30094-900218-1943 -Ho4.3 30095-900218-1945 -Ho4.4 30096-900218-1950 -Ho4.5 30097-900219-1341 -Ho4.6 8 I will also 30098-900219-1344 -Ho4.7 30099-900219-1348 -Ho4.8 their iniquity 30100-900219-1352 -Ho4.9 30101-900219-1356 -Ho4.10 30102-900219-1358 -Ho4.11 30103-900219-1406 -Ho4.12 30104-900219-1409 -Ho4.13 30105-900219-1415 -Ho4.14 30106-900219-1420 -Ho4.15 30107-900219-1423 -Ho4.16 30108-900219-1425 -Ho4.17 30109-900219-1430 -Ho4.18 30110-900219-1433 -Ho4.19 30111-900219-1438 -Ho5.1 30112-900219-1443 -Ho5.2 30113-900219-1447 -Ho5.3 30114-900219-1455 -Ho5.4 their doings will not suffer them 30115-900219-1500 -Ho5.5 30116-900219-1504 -Ho5.6 30117-900219-1507 -Ho5.7 30118-900220-1235 -Ho5.8 30119-900220-1941 -Ho5.9 30120-900220-1944 -Ho5.10 30121-900220-1958 -Ho5.11 30122-900220-2001 -Ho5.12 30123-900220-2006 -Ho5.13 should plead. yet 30124-900220-2009 -Ho5.14 30125-900220-2021 -Ho5.15 30126-900220-2027 -Ho6.1 30127-900220-2031 -Ho6.2 30128-900220-2037 -Ho6.3 30129-900221-1622 -Ho6.4 30130-900221-1628 -Ho6.5 etc. 30131-900221-1632 -Ho6.6 30132-900221-1635 -Ho6.7 30133-900221-1640 -Ho6.8 30134-900221-1645 -Ho6.9 30135-900221-1648 -Ho6.10 30136-900221-1651 -Ho6.11 30137-900221-1904 -Ho7.1 1 A reproof of manifold sins. 11 God's wrath against them for their hypocrisy 30138-900221-1909 -Ho7.2 30139-900221-1913 -Ho7.3 30140-900221-1919 -Ho7.4 waking 30141-900221-1925 -Ho7.5 30142-900221-1929 -Ho7.6 30143-900221-1934 -Ho7.7 30144-900221-1938 -Ho7.8 30145-900221-1940 -Ho7.9 30146-900221-1944 -Ho7.10 30147-900221-1948 -Ho7.11 30148-900221-1952 -Ho7.12 30149-900224-1904 -Ho7.13 30150-900224-1921 -Ho7.14 30151-900224-1924 -Ho7.15 30152-900224-1932 -Ho7.16 30153-900224-1939 -Ho8.1 Destruction is threatened both to Israel and Judah for their impiety and idolatry. 30154-900224-1943 -Ho8.2 30155-900224-1947 -Ho8.3 30156-900224-1953 -Ho8.4 30157-900225-1019 -Ho8.5 30158-900225-1021 -Ho8.6 30159-900225-1024 -Ho8.7 30160-900225-1028 -Ho8.8 30161-900225-1031 -Ho8.9 30162-900225-1035 -Ho8.10 30163-900225-1038 -Ho8.11 30164-900225-1040 -Ho8.12 30165-900225-1542 -Ho8.13 they sacrifice flesh and eat it 30166-900225-1546 -Ho8.14 30167-900225-1551 -Ho9.1 The distress and captivity of Israel for their sins. 30168-900225-1554 -Ho9.2 30169-900225-1559 -Ho9.3 that.' and 30170-900227-1003 -Ho9.4 30171-900227-1006 -Ho9.5 30172-900228-1019 -Ho9.6 shall be desired, the nettle shall, etc. Heb. the desire of 30173-900228-1051 -Ho9.7 30174-900228-1110 -Ho9.8 30175-900228-1116 -Ho9.9 30176-900228-1122 -Ho9.10 30177-900228-1126 -Ho9.11 30178-900228-1242 -Ho9.12 30179-900228-1601 -Ho9.13 30180-900228-1605 -Ho9.14 30181-900228-1612 -Ho9.15 30182-900228-1615 -Ho9.16 30183-900228-1621 -Ho9.17 30184-900228-1631 -Ho10.1 Israel is reproved and threatened for their impiety and idolatry, and exhorted to repentance. unto 30185-900301-1943 -Ho10.2 30186-900301-1953 -Ho10.3 30187-900301-1956 -Ho10.4 30188-900301-2001 -Ho10.5 30189-900301-2006 -Ho10.6 30190-900301-2010 -Ho10.7 30191-900301-2016 -Ho10.8 30192-900301-2020 -Ho10.9 30193-900301-2026 -Ho10.10 or, in their two habitations 30194-900301-2029 -Ho10.11 30195-900301-2035 -Ho10.12 30196-900301-2039 -Ho10.13 30197-900301-2043 -Ho10.14 30198-900301-2046 -Ho10.15 30199-900301-2050 -Ho11.1 1 The ingratitude of Israel unto God for his benefits 5 His judgment 8 God's mercy toward them 12 Israel's falsehood and Judah's fidelity 30200-900302-1921 -Ho11.2 30201-900302-1925 -Ho11.3 30202-900302-1930 -Ho11.4 30203-900302-1935 -Ho11.5 30204-900302-1954 -Ho11.6 30205-900302-1959 -Ho11.7 30206-900302-2005 -Ho11.8 30207-900302-2014 -Ho11.9 30208-900302-2021 -Ho11.10 30209-900302-2025 -Ho11.11 30210-900302-2029 -Ho11.12 30211-900305-1934 -Ho12.1 1 A reproof of Ephraim, Judah and Jacob 3 By former favours he exhorts to repentance 7 Ephraim's sins provoke God 30212-900303-0936 -Ho12.2 30213-900303-0938 -Ho12.3 30214-900303-0941 -Ho12.4 30215-900303-0943 -Ho12.5 30216-900303-0948 -Ho12.6 30217-900303-0954 -Ho12.7 30218-900303-1000 -Ho12.8 punishment of iniquity in whom is sin. they 30219-900303-1003 -Ho12.9 30220-900303-1009 -Ho12.10 30221-900303-1949 -Ho12.11 30222-900303-1952 -Ho12.12 30223-900303-2005 -Ho12.13 30224-900303-2009 -Ho12.14 30225-900303-2016 -Ho13.1 1 Ephraim's glory vanishes 4 God's anger 9 God's mercy 15 The judgment of Samaria 30226-900303-2022 -Ho13.2 30227-900303-2025 -Ho13.3 30228-900303-2027 -Ho13.4 30229-900303-2030 -Ho13.5 30230-900303-2033 -Ho13.6 30231-900303-2035 -Ho13.7 30232-900303-2037 -Ho13.8 30233-900303-2042 -Ho13.9 30234-900304-0948 -Ho13.10 then in prison' 30235-900304-0952 -Ho13.11 30236-900304-0954 -Ho13.12 30237-900304-0957 -Ho13.13 30238-900304-1002 -Ho13.14 30239-900304-1009 -Ho13.15 30240-900304-1012 -Ho13.16 30241-900305-1935 -Ho14.1 1 An exhortation to repentance 4 A promise of God's blessing 30242-900304-1024 -Ho14.2 30243-900304-1038 -Ho14.3 30244-900304-1534 -Ho14.4 30245-900305-1151 -Ho14.5 30246-900305-1155 -Ho14.6 30247-900305-1159 -Ho14.7 30248-900305-1211 -Ho14.8 30249-900305-1218 -Ho14.9 30250-900309-1222 -Joe1.1 1 Joel, declaring sundry judgments of God, exhorts to observe them 8 He prescribes a solemn fast to deprecate those judgments 14 And to mourn 30251-900309-1245 -Joe1.2 30252-900309-1250 -Joe1.3 30253-900309-1259 -Joe1.4 palmer-worm four Hebrew words, gazam, yelek, arbeh, chasil, respectively rendered the palmer-worm, locust, canker-worm and caterpillar, denote four different species of locusts. See on # ex 10.4 * the locust eaten # ex 10.12-15 de 28.38,42 1ki 8.37 2ch 6.28,7.13 # ps 78.46,105.34 am 7.1 re 9.3-7 * the canker-worm eaten # na 3.15-17 * the caterpillar # is 33.4 je 51.14,27 30254-900309-1303 -Joe1.5 30255-900309-1307 -Joe1.6 30256-900309-1310 -Joe1.7 30257-900309-1313 -Joe1.8 30258-900309-1317 -Joe1.9 30259-900309-1320 -Joe1.10 30260-900309-1323 -Joe1.11 30261-900309-1339 -Joe1.12 (Dr. Shaw observes, that in Barbary, in the month of June the locusts are no sooner hatched than they collect themselves into compact bodies, each a 'furlong or more square; and marching directly after they are come to life, make their way towards the sea and let nothing escape them, eating up everything that is green or juicy; not only the lesser vegetables, but the vine likewise, the fig-tree, the pomegranate, the palm, and the apple tree, even all the trees of the field.') 30262-900309-1344 -Joe1.13 30263-900312-1154 -Joe1.14 30264-900312-1158 -Joe1.15 30265-900312-1201 -Joe1.16 30266-900312-1203 -Joe1.17 30267-900312-1205 -Joe1.18 30268-900312-1208 -Joe1.19 30269-900312-1210 -Joe1.20 30270-900312-2008 -Joe2.1 1 He shews unto Zion the terribleness of God's judgment 12 He exhorts to repentance 15 prescribes a fast 18 promises a blessing thereon 21 He comforts Zion with present 28 and future blessings 30271-900312-2040 -Joe2.2 ('The quantity of these insects,' says a French author,'is incredible to all who have not themselves witnessed their astonishing numbers; the whole earth is covered with them for the space of several leagues. The noise they make in browsing on the trees and herbage may be heard at a great distance, and resembles that of an army in secret. Wherever their myriads spread, the verdure of the country disappears; trees and plants, stripped of their leaves and reduced to their naked boughs and stems, cause the dreary image of winter to succeed in an instant to the rich scenery of spring. When these clouds of locusts take their flight, to surmount any obstacles or to traverse more rapidly a desert soil, the heavens may literally be said to be obscured by them.') 30272-900312-2045 -Joe2.3 30273-900312-2048 -Joe2.4 30274-900312-2050 -Joe2.5 30275-900312-2052 -Joe2.6 30276-900312-2101 -Joe2.7 (In their progress, says Dr. Shaw, 'they kept their ranks like men of war; climbing over every tree or wall that was in their way. Nay, they entered into our very houses and bedchambers, like so many thieves. Every effort of the inhabitants to stop them was unavailing; the trenches they had dug were quickly filled up, and the fires they had kindled extinguished, by infinite swarms succeeding each other.') 30277-900312-2103 -Joe2.8 30278-900312-2105 -Joe2.9 30279-900312-2112 -Joe2.10 30280-900313-0859 -Joe2.11 30281-900313-0907 -Joe2.12 30282-900313-0935 -Joe2.13 30283-900313-0940 -Joe2.14 30284-900313-0943 -Joe2.15 30285-900313-0947 -Joe2.16 30286-900313-1012 -Joe2.17 30287-900313-1018 -Joe2.18 30288-900313-1023 -Joe2.19 30289-900313-1028 -Joe2.20 30290-900313-1033 -Joe2.21 30291-900313-1539 -Joe2.22 30292-900313-1600 -Joe2.23 30293-900313-1603 -Joe2.24 30294-900313-1605 -Joe2.25 30295-900314-1236 -Joe2.26 30296-900314-1241 -Joe2.27 30297-900314-1247 -Joe2.28 30298-900314-1252 -Joe2.29 30299-900314-1256 -Joe2.30 30300-900314-1545 -Joe2.31 30301-900314-1551 -Joe2.32 30302-900314-1557 -Joe3.1 1 God's judgments against the enemies of his people 9 God will be known in his judgment 18 His blessing upon the church 30303-900314-1918 -Joe3.2 30304-900314-1920 -Joe3.3 30305-900314-1924 -Joe3.4 30306-900314-1927 -Joe3.5 30307-900314-1929 -Joe3.6 30308-900314-1933 -Joe3.7 30309-900314-1936 -Joe3.8 30310-900314-1939 -Joe3.9 30311-900314-1941 -Joe3.10 30312-900314-1946 -Joe3.11 30313-900314-1949 -Joe3.12 30314-900314-1953 -Joe3.13 30315-900314-1956 -Joe3.14 30316-900314-1959 -Joe3.15 30317-900314-2003 -Joe3.16 30318-900314-2007 -Joe3.17 30319-900314-2011 -Joe3.18 30320-900314-2018 -Joe3.19 30321-900314-2021 -Joe3.20 30322-900314-2035 -Joe3.21 Concluding remarks on the Book of Joel. It is generally supposed, that the prophet Joel blends two subjects of affliction in one general consideration, or beautiful allegory; and that, under the devastation to be produced by locusts in the vegetable world, he pourtrays (portrays) the more distant calamities to be inflicted by the armies of the Chaldeans in their invasion of Judea. These predictions are followed by a more general denunciation of God's vengeance, delivered in such language as to be in some measure descriptive of the final judgment of mankind. The prophet intermingles these declarations with earnest exhortations to repentance, and with promises of returning prosperity productive of Gospel blessings; foretelling, in the clearest terms, the general effusion of the Holy Spirit under the Christian dispensation, and the awful consequences of obstinately rejecting the sacred influence, especiallly to the Jews. The state of this nation at the present day, fully attests the Divine inspiration of the prophecy. 30323-900316-1138 -Am1.1 1 The times when Amos prophesied 3 He shews God's judgment upon Syria 6 upon the Philistines 9 upon Tyrus 11 upon Edom 13 upon Ammon 30324-900316-1144 -Am1.2 30325-900316-1149 -Am1.3 thereof. or, convert it, or, let it be quiet, and so 30326-900316-1643 -Am1.4 30327-900316-1658 -Am1.5 (Probably Heliopolis, now Baalbek, situated between Libanus and Antilibanus, 56 miles N. W. of Damascus, according to Antoninus, and celebrated for its temple of the sun.) (Probably the village of Eden, in Mount Lebanon, marks the site of this place. It is delightfully situated by the side of a most rich and cultivated valley, contains about 400 or 500 families, and is, according to modern authorities, about 20 miles S. E. of Tripoli, and five miles from the cedars.) 30328-900317-1249 -Am1.6 30329-900317-1332 -Am1.7 30330-900317-1335 -Am1.8 30331-900317-1339 -Am1.9 30332-900317-1342 -Am1.10 30333-900317-1404 -Am1.11 30334-900317-1409 -Am1.12 30335-900317-1413 -Am1.13 30336-900317-1417 -Am1.14 30337-900317-1418 -Am1.15 30338-900317-1444 -Am2.1 1 God's judgments upon Moab 4 upon Judah 6 and upon Israel 9 God complains of their ingratitude 30339-900317-1448 -Am2.2 30340-900317-1449 -Am2.3 30341-900317-1457 -Am2.4 30342-900317-1503 -Am2.5 30343-900317-1511 -Am2.6 (Amos, says Abp. Newcome, first prophesies against the Syrians, Philistines, Tyrians, Edomites, Ammonites, and Moabites, who dwelt in the neighbourhood of the twelve tribes, and had occasionally become their enemies and persecutors. Having thus taught his countrymen that the providence of God extended to other nations, he briefly mentions the idolatrous practices and consequent destruction of Judah, and then passes on to his proper subject, which was to exhort and reprove the kingdom of Israel, and to denounce against it the Divine judgments.) 30344-900317-1516 -Am2.7 30345-900317-1519 -Am2.8 30346-900317-1525 -Am2.9 30347-900317-1657 -Am2.10 30348-900317-1703 -Am2.11 30350-900317-1707 -Am2.13 of sheaves presseth 30351-900317-1709 -Am2.14 30352-900317-1712 -Am2.15 30353-900317-1714 -Am2.16 30354-900318-1012 -Am3.1 1 The necessity of God's judgment against Israel 9 The publication of it, with the causes thereof 30355-900318-1019 -Am3.2 30356-900318-1023 -Am3.3 30357-900318-1025 -Am3.4 30358-900318-1026 -Am3.5 30359-900318-1032 -Am3.6 (That is, Shall there be any evil, or calamity, (not moral evil, ) inflicted on a wicked city, which does not proceed from me, as the effect of my wrath? These animated interrogatives were intended to convince the people that they had cause for alarm, as their monstrous iniquities called down the vengeance of God to punish them with these calamities.) 30360-900318-1037 -Am3.7 30361-900318-1439 -Am3.8 30362-900318-1446 -Am3.9 30363-900318-1454 -Am3.10 30364-900318-1457 -Am3.11 30365-900318-1501 -Am3.12 30366-900318-1504 -Am3.13 30367-900318-1509 -Am3.14 for his transgressions. I will 30368-900318-1512 -Am3.15 30369-900318-1632 -Am4.1 1 He reproves Israel for oppression 4 for idolatry 6 and for their incorrigibleness (By the 'kine of Bashan,' some understand the proud, luxurious matrons of Israel; but it is probable the prophet speaks catachrestically, and means the wealthy, effeminate, and profligate rulers and nobles of Samaria.) 30370-900318-1636 -Am4.2 30371-900318-1639 -Am4.3 30372-900318-1641 -Am4.4 30373-900318-1644 -Am4.5 30374-900318-1650 -Am4.6 and want 30375-900318-1655 -Am4.7 30376-900318-1703 -Am4.8 30377-900318-1708 -Am4.9 palmerworm, etc. the palmer-worm 30378-900318-1715 -Am4.10 your horses 30379-900318-1719 -Am4.11 30380-900318-1723 -Am4.12 30381-900318-2035 -Am4.13 Jehovah, the God of hosts 30382-900318-2041 -Am5.1 1 A lamentation for Israel 4 An exhortation to repentance 21 God rejects their hypocritical service 30383-900318-2046 -Am5.2 30384-900318-2048 -Am5.3 30385-900318-2054 -Am5.4 30386-900318-2113 -Am5.5 (There is a paronomasia here, both on the letters and words: Hag-gilgal galoh yigleh oovaith el yiheyeh leawen, 'Gilgal shall surely go into captivity, and Beth-el (the house of God) shall come to nought,' or Aven, i.e. Beth-aven, the house of iniquity.) 30387-900318-2118 -Am5.6 30388-900318-2123 -Am5.7 30389-900318-2128 -Am5.8 30390-900318-2130 -Am5.9 30391-900318-2133 -Am5.10 30392-900318-2137 -Am5.11 30393-900319-1602 -Am5.12 30394-900319-1608 -Am5.13 30395-900319-1613 -Am5.14 30396-900319-1621 -Am5.15 30397-900319-1625 -Am5.16 30398-900319-1629 -Am5.17 30399-900319-1633 -Am5.18 30400-900319-1923 -Am5.19 30401-900319-1638 -Am5.20 30402-900319-1641 -Am5.21 30403-900319-1644 -Am5.22 30404-900319-1645 -Am5.23 30405-900319-1646 -Am5.24 30406-900319-1649 -Am5.25 30407-900319-1924 -Am5.26 30408-900319-1653 -Am5.27 30409-900320-1628 -Am6.1 1 The wantonness of Israel 7 shall be plagued with desolation 12 and their incorrigibleness shall end in affliction 30410-900320-1632 -Am6.2 30411-900320-1636 -Am6.3 30412-900320-1641 -Am6.4 (Either sofas to recline on at table, or beds to sleep on; which among the ancients, were ornamented with ivory inlaid.) superfluities 30413-900320-1644 -Am6.5 30414-900320-1650 -Am6.6 (This probably refers to the costliness and magnificence of the drinking vessels, as well as to the quantity drank.) 30415-900320-1653 -Am6.7 30416-900320-1657 -Am6.8 30417-900320-1908 -Am6.9 30418-900320-1913 -Am6.10 (Abp. Newcome says that this obscure verse seems to describe the effects of the famine and pestilence during the siege of Samaria.) 30419-900320-1919 -Am6.11 30420-900320-1927 -Am6.12 30421-900320-1934 -Am6.13 30422-900320-1940 -Am6.14 30423-900320-1952 -Am7.1 1 The judgments of the grasshoppers 4 and of the fire are diverted by the prayer of Amos 7 By the wall of a plumbline is signified the rejection of Israel 10 Amaziah complains of Amos 14 Amos shews his calling 16 and Amaziah's judgment (Govai, in Arabic gabee, 'locusts,' probably in their caterpillar state, in which they are most destructive. This is supposed to have been an emblem of the first invasion of the Assyrians.) (Or rather, feedings or grazings, as the people of the East make no hay. This was probably in the month of March, which is the only time of the year that the Arabs to this day feed their horses with grass.) 30424-900320-1958 -Am7.2 30425-900320-2001 -Am7.3 30426-900320-2011 -Am7.4 (This is supposed to denote the invasion of Tiglathpileser, which threatened entire destruction.) 30427-900320-2013 -Am7.5 30428-900320-2015 -Am7.6 30429-900320-2017 -Am7.7 30430-900320-2023 -Am7.8 (This was an emblem of strict justice; and intimated that God would now visit them according to their iniquities.) 30431-900320-2026 -Am7.9 30432-900320-2031 -Am7.10 (This was truly a lying prophet; there was not one word of truth in his message to Jeroboam.) 30433-900320-2034 -Am7.11 30434-900320-2037 -Am7.12 30435-900320-2040 -Am7.13 30436-900320-2046 -Am7.14 (Rather, as bolais is rendered by the LXX. and Vulgate, vellicans, 'a scraping,' or a scraper of sycamores; for the fruit does not ripen till it is rubbed with iron combs.) 30437-900320-2049 -Am7.15 30438-900320-2051 -Am7.16 30439-900320-2054 -Am7.17 30440-900320-2057 -Am8.1 1 By a basket of summer fruit is shewn the approach of Israel's end 4 Oppression is reproved 11 A famine of the word of God threatened 30441-900320-2103 -Am8.2 (There is here not only an allusion to the nature of the summer fruit, which must be eaten as soon as gathered, but also a paronomasia upon the words kayitz 'summer fruit,' and ketz, 'an end.') 30442-900320-2108 -Am8.3 30443-900320-2111 -Am8.4 30444-900320-2117 -Am8.5 of deceit 30445-900321-1233 -Am8.6 30446-900321-1236 -Am8.7 30447-900321-1244 -Am8.8 (It is supposed that an earthquake is here intended; the rising and falling of the ground, with a wave-like motion, and its leaving its proper place and bounds, in consequence of an earthquake, being justly and beautifully compared to the swelling, overflowing, and subsiding of the Nile.) 30448-900321-1250 -Am8.9 (This is supposed to refer to an eclipse; and Abp. Usher has shewn that about eleven years after Amos prophesied there were two great eclipses of the sun, one at the feast of tabernacles, and the other some time before the passover.) 30449-900321-1255 -Am8.10 30450-900321-1716 -Am8.11 30451-900321-1719 -Am8.12 30452-900321-1723 -Am8.13 30453-900321-1729 -Am8.14 30454-900321-1742 -Am9.1 1 The certainty of the desolation 11 The restoring of the tabernacle of David in the head 30455-900322-1011 -Am9.2 (All these energetic expressions were intended to shew the utter impossibility of escape.) 30456-900322-1225 -Am9.3 30457-900322-1228 -Am9.4 30458-900322-1231 -Am9.5 30459-900322-1242 -Am9.6 (Maaloth, 'upper chambers,' which in eastern houses are the principal apartments. Perhaps there is a reference here to the various systems which God has created in illimitable space, transcending each other as the planets do in our system.) (Aguddah probably is the same as the Arabic ijad, 'an arch, vault,' and may here denote the vault of heaven, or atmosphere, which God 'hath founded, or established, upon, or over, al, the earth,' and into which 'he calleth the waters of the sea, and poureth them out upon the face of the earth.' 30460-900322-1246 -Am9.7 30461-900322-1251 -Am9.8 30462-900322-1253 -Am9.9 30463-900322-1257 -Am9.10 30464-900322-1303 -Am9.11 30465-900322-1337 -Am9.12 30466-900322-1342 -Am9.13 30467-900322-1347 -Am9.14 30468-900322-1652 -Am9.15 (As the Jews, after their return from Babylon, were driven from their land by the Romans, this can only refer to their future conversion and restoration, and to the security and peace of the church.) 30469-900322-1700 -Ob1.1 1 The destruction of Edom 3 for their pride 10 for their wrong unto Jacob 17 The salvation and victory of Jacob 30470-900322-2029 -Ob1.2 30471-900322-2051 -Ob1.3 30472-900322-2054 -Ob1.4 30473-900322-2103 -Ob1.5 30474-900322-2105 -Ob1.6 30475-900322-2149 -Ob1.7 (The Chaldeans, whose agents they became in persecuting the Jews.) 30476-900322-2151 -Ob1.8 30477-900322-2155 -Ob1.9 30478-900323-0648 -Ob1.10 30479-900323-0654 -Ob1.11 30480-900323-0659 -Ob1.12 30481-900323-0702 -Ob1.13 30482-900323-0704 -Ob1.14 30483-900323-0708 -Ob1.15 30484-900323-0712 -Ob1.16 30485-900323-0720 -Ob1.17 30486-900323-0723 -Ob1.18 30487-900323-0729 -Ob1.19 30488-900323-0735 -Ob1.20 that which is in Sepharad, they shall possess 30489-900323-0740 -Ob1.21 30490-900403-0804 -Jon1.1 1 Jonah, sent to Nineveh, flees to Tarshish 4 He is bewrayed by a tempest 11 thrown into the sea 17 and swallowed by a fish 30491-900403-0809 -Jon1.2 30492-900403-0855 -Jon1.3 (As Jonah embarked at Joppa, a seaport on the Mediterranean, it was probably either Tarsus in Cilicia, or rather Tartessus in Spain, to which he intended to flee. When we reflect how such a message would be received in the streets of London at this day, we shall not wonder at the prophet's reluctance to announce the destruction of the proud and idolatrous Nineveh.) 30493-900403-0902 -Jon1.4 30494-900403-1931 -Jon1.5 30495-900403-1901 -Jon1.6 30496-900403-1906 -Jon1.7 30497-900403-1909 -Jon1.8 30498-900403-1929 -Jon1.9 30499-900404-0909 -Jon1.10 30500-900404-0912 -Jon1.11 or, grew more and more tempestuous. Heb. went and was, etc. 30501-900404-0914 -Jon1.12 30502-900404-0920 -Jon1.13 (There was great humanity and tender feeling in these men. They were probably affected deeply with the candid confession, the disinterested, submissive conduct of the disobedient prophet, and were unwilling to cast him into the deep, until they found that every effort to save themselves was invain.) 30503-900404-0923 -Jon1.14 30504-900404-0925 -Jon1.15 30505-900404-0930 -Jon1.16 vowed vows 30506-900404-0933 -Jon1.17 30507-900404-0937 -Jon2.1 1 The prayer of Jonah 10 He is delivered out of the belly of the fish 30508-900404-0942 -Jon2.2 30509-900404-0945 -Jon2.3 30510-900404-0948 -Jon2.4 30511-900404-0950 -Jon2.5 30512-900404-1008 -Jon2.6 30513-900404-1013 -Jon2.7 30514-900404-1016 -Jon2.8 30515-900404-1023 -Jon2.9 30516-900404-1026 -Jon2.10 30517-900404-1030 -Jon3.1 1 Jonah, sent again, preaches to the Ninevites 5 Upon their repentance 10 God repents 30518-900417-2014 -Jon3.2 (Nineveh, the capital of Assyria, was situated on the eastern bank of the river Tigris, opposite the present Mosul, about 280 miles north of Babylon, 400 N. E. of Damascus, in latitude 36 degrees 20' N. longitude 73 degrees 10' E. It was not only a very ancient, (Ge. 10.11,) but also a very great city. Strabo says that it was much larger than Babylon, the circuit of which he estimates at 385 furlongs; and, according to Diodorus Siculus, it was an oblong parallelogram, extending 150 furlongs in length, 90 in breadth, and 480 in circumference, i.e. about 20 miles long, 12 broad, and 60 in compass. This agrees with the account given here of its being 'an exceeding great city of three days' journey,' i.e. in circuit; for 20 miles a day was the common computation for a pedestrian. It was surrounded by large walls 100 feet high, so broad that three chariots could drive abreast on them, and defended by 1500 towers 200 feet in height.) See notes on Nahum 30519-900404-1052 -Jon3.3 30520-900404-1055 -Jon3.4 30521-900404-1058 -Jon3.5 30522-900404-1102 -Jon3.6 30523-900404-1105 -Jon3.7 30524-900404-1110 -Jon3.8 30525-900404-1132 -Jon3.9 30526-900404-1134 -Jon3.10 30527-900404-1136 -Jon4.1 1 Jonah repining at God's mercy 4 is reproved by the type of a gourd 30528-900404-1140 -Jon4.2 30529-900404-1144 -Jon4.3 30530-900404-1147 -Jon4.4 30531-900404-1149 -Jon4.5 30532-900404-1155 -Jon4.6 (Probably the palma Christi, called kiki, or kouki, by the Egyptians, and Elkherod by the Arabs, from which caster oil is extracted. It is as large as the olive tree, has leaves like those of a vine, sometimes as broad as the brim of a hat, and is of very quick growth.) 30533-900404-1614 -Jon4.7 30534-900404-1617 -Jon4.8 30535-900404-1621 -Jon4.9 30536-900404-1623 -Jon4.10 of the night 30537-900404-1629 -Jon4.11 (It is generally calculated that the young children of any place are a fifth of the inhabitants, and consequently the whole population of Nineveh would amount to about 600,000; which is very inferior to that of London and Paris, though they occupy not one quarter of the ground. In eastern cities there are large vacant spaces for gardens and pasturages, so that there might be very 'much cattle.') 30538-900405-0614 -Mic1.1 1 The time when Micah prophesied 2 He shews the wrath of God against Jacob for idolatry 10 He exhorts to mourning 30539-900405-0639 -Mic1.2 30540-900405-0648 -Mic1.3 30541-900405-0652 -Mic1.4 30542-900405-0657 -Mic1.5 30543-900405-0701 -Mic1.6 30544-900405-0704 -Mic1.7 30545-900405-0708 -Mic1.8 30546-900405-0712 -Mic1.9 30547-900405-0715 -Mic1.10 30548-900405-0719 -Mic1.11 inhabitress. having 30549-900405-0723 -Mic1.12 30550-900405-0728 -Mic1.13 30551-900405-1652 -Mic1.14 30552-900405-1828 -Mic1.15 30553-900405-1831 -Mic1.16 30554-900405-1839 -Mic2.1 1 Against oppression 4 A lamentation 7 A reproof of injustice and idolatry 12 A promise of restoring Jacob 30555-900405-1850 -Mic2.2 30556-900405-1856 -Mic2.3 30557-900405-1906 -Mic2.4 30558-900405-1921 -Mic2.5 30559-900405-1927 -Mic2.6 Drop. etc. 30560-900405-1933 -Mic2.7 30561-900405-1944 -Mic2.8 30562-900405-1947 -Mic2.9 30563-900405-1952 -Mic2.10 30564-900405-2001 -Mic2.11 wind and lie falsely. I will 30565-900405-2007 -Mic2.12 30566-900405-2014 -Mic2.13 30567-900405-2021 -Mic3.1 1 The cruelty of the princes 5 The falsehood of the prophets 8 The ill-grounded security of them both 30568-900405-2025 -Mic3.2 30569-900405-2028 -Mic3.3 30570-900415-0915 -Mic3.4 30571-900406-1500 -Mic3.5 30572-900406-1506 -Mic3.6 shall not divine. Heb. from divining. the sun 30573-900406-1950 -Mic3.7 30574-900406-1956 -Mic3.8 30575-900406-2000 -Mic3.9 30576-900406-2003 -Mic3.10 30577-900406-2019 -Mic3.11 30578-900406-2022 -Mic3.12 30579-900406-2033 -Mic4.1 1 The glory 5 and peace of Christ's kingdom 6 The restoration 11 and victory of the church 30580-900406-2040 -Mic4.2 30581-900408-1002 -Mic4.3 30582-900408-1009 -Mic4.4 (The connection of this prophecy with the close of the preceding chapter shews that the establishment of the Christian Church, in consequence of the abrogation of the Mosaic dispensation, and the destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans, was intended. But, though it has in a measure been fulfilling ever since these events, yet its grand accomplishment must still be future.) 30583-900408-1012 -Mic4.5 30584-900408-1016 -Mic4.6 30585-900408-1021 -Mic4.7 30586-900408-1029 -Mic4.8 (The Targumist applies these words to the Messiah: 'But thou, O Messiah, who art hidden because of the sins of the congregation of Zion, the kingdom shall come unto thee.') 30587-900408-1032 -Mic4.9 30588-900408-1038 -Mic4.10 30589-900408-1041 -Mic4.11 30590-900408-1042 -Mic4.12 30591-900408-2029 -Mic4.13 30592-900409-0837 -Mic5.1 1 The birth of Christ 4 His kingdom 8 His conquest 30593-900409-0847 -Mic5.2 30594-900409-0901 -Mic5.3 30595-900409-0908 -Mic5.4 30596-900409-0914 -Mic5.5 30597-900409-0918 -Mic5.6 30598-900409-0923 -Mic5.7 30599-900409-0927 -Mic5.8 30600-900409-0930 -Mic5.9 30601-900409-0934 -Mic5.10 (This seems to refer to those happy times when the Jews shall be converted and restored to their own land: and all their enemies being destroyed, they shall have no further need of cavalry or fenced cities.) 30602-900409-0935 -Mic5.11 30603-900409-0937 -Mic5.12 30604-900409-0939 -Mic5.13 30605-900409-0940 -Mic5.14 30606-900409-0941 -Mic5.15 30607-900409-1938 -Mic6.1 1 God's controversy for ingratitude 6 for ignorance 10 for injustice 16 and for idolatry (The manner of raising attention, says Abp. Newcome, in ver. 1, 2, by calling a man to urge his plea in the face of all nature, and on the inanimate creation to hear the expostulation of Jehovah with his people, is truly awakening and magnificent. The words of Jehovah follow in ver. 3-5; and god's mercies having been set before the people, one of them is introduced in a beautiful manner, asking what his duty is towards so gracious a God, ver. 6,7. The answer follows in the words of the prophet, ver. 8.) 30608-900409-1942 -Mic6.2 30609-900409-1945 -Mic6.3 30610-900411-1330 -Mic6.4 30611-900411-1337 -Mic6.5 30612-900411-1345 -Mic6.6 30613-900411-1937 -Mic6.7 30614-900411-1948 -Mic6.8 30615-900411-2001 -Mic6.9 that which is wisdom 30616-900411-2026 -Mic6.10 wicked, etc. the treasures 30617-900411-2038 -Mic6.11 30618-900411-2044 -Mic6.12 30619-900411-2049 -Mic6.13 30620-900411-2052 -Mic6.14 30621-900411-2055 -Mic6.15 30622-900411-2102 -Mic6.16 30623-900411-2108 -Mic7.1 1 The church, complaining of her small number 3 and the general corruption 5 puts her confidence not in man, but in God 8 She triumphs over her enemies 14 She prays to God 15 God comforts her by promises of confusion to her enemies 18 and by his mercies of summer. as 30624-900411-2111 -Mic7.2 30625-900411-2116 -Mic7.3 30626-900412-2049 -Mic7.4 30627-900412-2056 -Mic7.5 30628-900412-2101 -Mic7.6 30629-900413-0934 -Mic7.7 30630-900413-0941 -Mic7.8 30631-900413-2039 -Mic7.9 30632-900413-2047 -Mic7.10 cover her with shame. she that 30633-900413-2051 -Mic7.11 30634-900413-2102 -Mic7.12 (This verse may be rendered, 'In that day they (people) shall come to thee from Assyria and the fenced cities; and from the fortress (probably Pelusium at the entrance of Egypt), even to the river (Euphrates), etc.' The expressions employed in this prophecy appear to be too strong for the events which transpired after the Babylonian captivity; and seem to refer to the future restoration of Israel, after their land has lain desolate for ages.) 30635-900413-2107 -Mic7.13 hath been 30636-900413-2114 -Mic7.14 30637-900413-2117 -Mic7.15 30638-900413-2120 -Mic7.16 30639-900413-2124 -Mic7.17 30640-900413-2134 -Mic7.18 30641-900414-0913 -Mic7.19 30642-900414-0920 -Mic7.20 30643-900416-1152 -Na1.1 The majesty of God in goodness to his people, and severity against his enemies 30644-900416-1202 -Na1.2 jealous God, and a revenger 30645-900416-1745 -Na1.3 30646-900416-1753 -Na1.4 30647-900416-1857 -Na1.5 30648-900416-1901 -Na1.6 30649-900416-1919 -Na1.7 30650-900416-2046 -Na1.8 30651-900416-2049 -Na1.9 30652-900416-2053 -Na1.10 30653-900416-2056 -Na1.11 30654-900416-2102 -Na1.12 they have been many, and should they have been shorn, and he should have passed away. yet 30655-900416-2106 -Na1.13 30656-900416-2110 -Na1.14 30657-900416-2114 -Na1.15 30658-900416-2118 -Na2.1 The fearful and victorious armies of God against Nineveh 30659-900416-2122 -Na2.2 as the pride 30660-900416-2125 -Na2.3 30661-900416-2129 -Na2.4 30662-900416-2132 -Na2.5 30663-900416-2136 -Na2.6 30664-900416-2139 -Na2.7 made. led away captive. or, discovered. doves 30665-900417-2019 -Na2.8 30666-900417-2023 -Na2.9 store, etc. 30667-900417-2036 -Na2.10 (Nineveh was taken and utterly ruined by Assuerus, or Cyaxares, king of Media, and Nabuchodonosor, or Nabopolassar, king of Babylon, B.C. 606, or 612. Diodorus, who with others ascribes the taking of it to Arbaces the Mede and Belesis the Babylonian, says that he 'dispersed the citizens in the villages, levelled the city with the ground, transferred the gold and silver, of which there were many talents, to Ecbatana the metropolis of the Medes, and this subverted the empire of the Assyrians.') 30668-900417-2040 -Na2.11 30669-900417-2041 -Na2.12 30670-900417-2045 -Na2.13 30671-900417-2049 -Na3.1 The miserable ruin of Nineveh 30672-900417-2051 -Na3.2 30673-900417-2053 -Na3.3 and lightning of the spear 30674-900417-2055 -Na3.4 30675-900417-2056 -Na3.5 30676-900417-2100 -Na3.6 30677-900417-2103 -Na3.7 30678-900417-2107 -Na3.8 30679-900417-2109 -Na3.9 30680-900417-2111 -Na3.10 30681-900417-2116 -Na3.11 (Diodorus relates, that while the Assyrian army were feasting for their former victories, those about Arbaces being informed of their negligence and drunkenness, fell upon them unexpectedly, slew many, and drove the rest into the city.) 30682-900417-2117 -Na3.12 30683-900417-2119 -Na3.13 30684-900417-2122 -Na3.14 30685-900417-2124 -Na3.15 30686-900417-2125 -Na3.16 30687-900417-2126 -Na3.17 30688-900418-1146 -Na3.18 (That is, the rulers and tributary princes, who, as Herodotus informs us, deserted Nineveh in the day of her distress, and came not to her succour. Diodorus also says, that when the enemy shut up the king in the city, many nations revolted; each going over to the besiegers for the sake of their liberty; that the king despatched messengers to all his subjects, requiring power from them to succour him, and that he thought himself able to endure the siege, and remained in expectation of armies which were to be raised throughout his empire, relying on the oracle, that the city would not be taken till the river became its enemy.) See on 30689-900418-1150 -Na3.19 30690-900418-1155 -Hab1.1 1 Unto Habakkuk, complaining of the iniquity of the land 5 is shewn the fearful vengeance by the Chaldeans 12 He complains that vengeance should be executed by them who are far worse 30691-900419-2006 -Hab1.2 30692-900419-2009 -Hab1.3 30693-900419-2017 -Hab1.4 30694-900419-2022 -Hab1.5 30695-900419-2025 -Hab1.6 30696-900419-2028 -Hab1.7 of these and the captivity of these 30697-900420-0841 -Hab1.8 30698-900420-0853 -Hab1.9 their faces, as, etc. or, their faces shall look toward the east. Heb. the opposition of their faces shall be toward the east 30699-900420-0856 -Hab1.10 30700-900420-0857 -Hab1.11 30701-900420-0905 -Hab1.12 30702-900420-0911 -Hab1.13 30703-900420-0913 -Hab1.14 30704-900420-0916 -Hab1.15 30705-900420-0918 -Hab1.16 30706-900420-0920 -Hab1.17 30707-900420-0930 -Hab2.1 1 Unto Habakkuk, waiting for an answer, is shewn that he must wait by faith 5 The judgment upon the Chaldean for unsatiableness 9 for covetousness 12 for cruelty 15 for drunkenness 18 and for idolatry reproof, or arguing 30708-900420-1339 -Hab2.2 30709-900420-1345 -Hab2.3 30710-900420-1349 -Hab2.4 30711-900420-1358 -Hab2.5 30712-900420-1405 -Hab2.6 30713-900420-1412 -Hab2.7 30714-900420-1418 -Hab2.8 30715-900420-1424 -Hab2.9 gain 30716-900420-1429 -Hab2.10 30717-900420-1432 -Hab2.11 it 30718-900420-1435 -Hab2.12 30719-900420-1447 -Hab2.13 30720-900420-1450 -Hab2.14 30721-900420-1452 -Hab2.15 30722-900420-1503 -Hab2.16 30723-900420-1519 -Hab2.17 30724-900420-1524 -Hab2.18 30725-900420-1529 -Hab2.19 30726-900420-1532 -Hab2.20 the earth before him 30727-900420-1639 -Hab3.1 1 Habakkuk, in his prayer, trembles at God's majesty 17 The confidence of his faith called in Hebrew, Shigionoth 30728-900420-1648 -Hab3.2 30729-900420-1655 -Hab3.3 30730-900421-0830 -Hab3.4 the hiding 30731-900421-0833 -Hab3.5 30732-900423-0914 -Hab3.6 30733-900423-0918 -Hab3.7 30734-900423-0922 -Hab3.8 30735-900423-0927 -Hab3.9 30736-900423-0935 -Hab3.10 30737-900423-0939 -Hab3.11 in the light 30738-900423-0942 -Hab3.12 30739-900423-0948 -Hab3.13 30740-900423-0952 -Hab3.14 30741-900423-0954 -Hab3.15 30742-900424-1059 -Hab3.16 30743-900423-1649 -Hab3.17 30744-900423-1654 -Hab3.18 30745-900423-1659 -Hab3.19 30746-900423-1702 -Zep1.1 1 The time when Zephaniah prophesied 2 God's severe judgments against Judah 30747-900423-1909 -Zep1.2 30748-900423-1918 -Zep1.3 30749-900423-1936 -Zep1.4 30750-900423-1941 -Zep1.5 30751-900423-1944 -Zep1.6 30752-900424-1105 -Zep1.7 30753-900424-1111 -Zep1.8 30754-900424-1122 -Zep1.9 (Or, 'that leap over the threshold,' by which is probably meant the Philistines, who, after the time that Dagon fell before the ark and was broken on the threshold, leaped over it when entering his temple.) 30755-900424-2143 -Zep1.10 30756-900424-2145 -Zep1.11 30757-900425-0957 -Zep1.12 30758-900425-1003 -Zep1.13 30759-900425-1211 -Zep1.14 30760-900425-1215 -Zep1.15 30761-900425-1239 -Zep1.16 30762-900425-1247 -Zep1.17 30763-900425-1255 -Zep1.18 30764-900425-1302 -Zep2.1 1 An exhortation to repentance 4 The judgment of the Philistines 8 of Moab and Ammon 12 of Ethiopia 13 and of Assyria 30765-900425-1620 -Zep2.2 30766-900425-1633 -Zep2.3 30767-900425-1638 -Zep2.4 30768-900425-1642 -Zep2.5 30769-900425-1644 -Zep2.6 30770-900425-1649 -Zep2.7 30771-900425-1652 -Zep2.8 30772-900425-1659 -Zep2.9 30773-900425-1703 -Zep2.10 30774-900425-1923 -Zep2.11 30775-900425-1927 -Zep2.12 30776-900425-1929 -Zep2.13 30777-900425-1935 -Zep2.14 30778-900425-1939 -Zep2.15 30779-900425-1944 -Zep3.1 1 A sharp reproof of Jerusalem for divers sins 8 An exhortation to wait for the restoration of Israel 14 and to rejoice for their salvation by God 30780-900426-1008 -Zep3.2 30781-900426-1011 -Zep3.3 30782-900426-1025 -Zep3.4 30783-900426-1031 -Zep3.5 30784-900426-1037 -Zep3.6 30785-900426-1042 -Zep3.7 30786-900426-1455 -Zep3.8 30787-900426-2046 -Zep3.9 30788-900426-2050 -Zep3.10 30789-900426-2057 -Zep3.11 30790-900426-2101 -Zep3.12 30791-900426-2108 -Zep3.13 30792-900426-2117 -Zep3.14 30793-900427-0912 -Zep3.15 30794-900427-0919 -Zep3.16 30795-900427-0924 -Zep3.17 30796-900427-0933 -Zep3.18 reproach 30797-900427-0940 -Zep3.19 been put to shame. Heb. of their shame 30798-900427-0944 -Zep3.20 30799-900427-0954 -Hag1.1 1 The time when Haggai prophesied 2 He reproves the people for neglecting the building of the house 7 He incites them to the building 12 He promises them, being forward, God's assistance answering to a part of September. by Haggai. Heb. by the hand of Haggai 30800-900427-1859 -Hag1.2 30801-900428-1119 -Hag1.3 30802-900427-1911 -Hag1.4 30803-900428-1018 -Hag1.5 30804-900428-1024 -Hag1.6 30805-900428-1026 -Hag1.7 30806-900428-1033 -Hag1.8 30807-900428-1049 -Hag1.9 (They had used all proper means in the cultivation of their lands, and had 'sown much;' but when they rationally entertained the most sanguine expectations of a large increase, they were strangely disappointed; and even what they had brought home was unaccountably wasted, as if the Lord had 'blown upon it,' and driven it away! And the reason was, because they neglected the temple, and left it in ruins, whilst they eagerly employed themselves in building and decorating their own houses; therefore they were visited by drought and famine, and by various diseases on man and beast.) 30808-900428-1053 -Hag1.10 30809-900428-1055 -Hag1.11 30810-900428-1058 -Hag1.12 30811-900428-1102 -Hag1.13 30812-900428-1106 -Hag1.14 30813-900428-1107 -Hag1.15 30814-900428-1113 -Hag2.1 1 He encourages the people to the work, by promise of greater glory to the second temple than was in the first 10 In the type of holy things and unclean he shews their sins hindered the work 20 God's promise to Zerubbabel 30815-900428-1115 -Hag2.2 30816-900428-1935 -Hag2.3 30817-900428-1938 -Hag2.4 30818-900428-1943 -Hag2.5 30819-900428-1952 -Hag2.6 30820-900428-2014 -Hag2.7 30821-900428-2018 -Hag2.8 30822-900428-2042 -Hag2.9 (Whoever compares the description of the temple of Solomon, in the first book of Kings, with the most splendid accounts of the second temple, however adorned with costly stones and other magnificent decorations in after ages, must perceive that the former, being wholly overlaid with pure gold, was incomparably more glorious than the latter in its greatest magnificence; and the Jews themselves allow that the ark of the covenant, fire from heaven, the Urim and Thummim, the anointing oil, the Shechinah, or visible glory, and the spirit of prophecy, which distinguished the former temple, were wanting in this. In nothing, in fact, could the second temple excel the first in glory, except in the personal presence of 'the Desire of all nations.' He who is 'the glory of the Lord,' and the true temple, 'in whom dwells all the fulness of the Godhead bodily,' and who was the true Shechinah, of which that of Solomon's temple was merely a type. And if it be admitted that the presence of the promised Messiah was intended, then it will follow that 'Jesus of Nazareth' was He; for the second temple, in which as the 'Prince of peace' he preached peace and reconciliation with God, has been utterly destroyed for upwards of seventeen hundred years.) 30823-900428-2045 -Hag2.10 30824-900429-1022 -Hag2.11 30825-900429-1023 -Hag2.12 30826-900429-1025 -Hag2.13 30827-900429-1027 -Hag2.14 30828-900429-1029 -Hag2.15 30829-900429-1031 -Hag2.16 30830-900429-1036 -Hag2.17 30831-900429-1040 -Hag2.18 30832-900429-1043 -Hag2.19 30833-900429-1401 -Hag2.20 30834-900429-1404 -Hag2.21 30835-900429-1410 -Hag2.22 30836-900429-1417 -Hag2.23 (It seems evident that the Messiah is here described under the name of Zerubbabel, as elsewhere under that of David, whose kingdom, after these mighty convulsions, should supersede all others.) 30837-900429-1421 -Zec1.1 1 Zechariah exhorts to repentance 7 The vision of the horses 12 At the prayer of the angel comfortable promises are made to Jerusalem 18 The vision of the four horns and the four carpenters 30838-900430-1859 -Zec1.2 30839-900430-1906 -Zec1.3 30840-900430-1917 -Zec1.4 30841-900430-1921 -Zec1.5 30842-900430-1941 -Zec1.6 30843-900430-1947 -Zec1.7 (Sebat is the Chaldee name of the eleventh month of the ecclesiastical year, but the fifth of the civil year, answering to part of January and February.) 30844-900430-1951 -Zec1.8 30845-900430-1956 -Zec1.9 30846-900430-2012 -Zec1.10 30847-900430-2015 -Zec1.11 30848-900430-2018 -Zec1.12 30849-900430-2020 -Zec1.13 30850-900430-2028 -Zec1.14 30851-900430-2033 -Zec1.15 30852-900430-2041 -Zec1.16 30853-900430-2047 -Zec1.17 30854-900430-2051 -Zec1.18 30855-900430-2055 -Zec1.19 30856-900430-2057 -Zec1.20 30857-900430-2059 -Zec1.21 effrayer. which 30858-900501-1957 -Zec2.1 1 God, in the care of Jerusalem, sends to measure it 6 The redemption of Zion 10 The promise of God's presence 30859-900501-2005 -Zec2.2 30860-900501-2003 -Zec2.3 30861-900501-2012 -Zec2.4 (We learn from Josephus, that Jerusalem actually overflowed with inhabitants, and gradually extended itself beyond its walls, and that Herod Agrippa fortified the new part, called Bezetha.) 30862-900501-2016 -Zec2.5 30863-900501-2022 -Zec2.6 30864-900501-2028 -Zec2.7 (The Babylonians were vanquished by the Persians, formerly their servants, under Darius Hystaspes, who took Babylon after a siege of twelve months, demolished its walls, and put 300,000 of the inhabitants to death.) 30865-900501-2035 -Zec2.8 30866-900501-2040 -Zec2.9 30867-900501-2046 -Zec2.10 30868-900501-2055 -Zec2.11 30869-900502-0926 -Zec2.12 30870-900502-0929 -Zec2.13 30871-900502-0937 -Zec3.1 1 Under the type of Joshua, the high priest, receiving clean garments 6 and a covenant of promise 8 Christ the Branch and Corner Stone is promised 30872-900502-0942 -Zec3.2 30873-900502-0945 -Zec3.3 30874-900502-1955 -Zec3.4 30875-900502-1957 -Zec3.5 30876-900502-2000 -Zec3.6 30877-900502-2024 -Zec3.7 30878-900503-0952 -Zec3.8 30879-900503-0959 -Zec3.9 30880-900503-1002 -Zec3.10 30881-900503-1007 -Zec4.1 1 By the golden candlestick is foreshewn the good success of Zerubbabel's foundation 11 by the two olive trees the two anointed ones 30882-900503-1016 -Zec4.2 lamps, etc. 30883-900503-1019 -Zec4.3 30884-900503-1021 -Zec4.4 30885-900503-1023 -Zec4.5 30886-900503-1026 -Zec4.6 30887-900503-1033 -Zec4.7 30889-900503-1037 -Zec4.9 30890-900503-2014 -Zec4.10 rejoice 30891-900503-2016 -Zec4.11 30892-900503-2018 -Zec4.12 themselves oil into gold. the golden. Heb. the gold 30893-900503-2019 -Zec4.13 30894-900503-2025 -Zec4.14 30895-900503-2030 -Zec5.1 1 By the flying roll is shewn the curse of thieves and swearers 5 and by a woman pressed in an ephah the final judgment of wickedness 30896-900503-2032 -Zec5.2 30897-900503-2041 -Zec5.3 holdeth himself guiltless, as it doth. stealeth 30898-900503-2045 -Zec5.4 30899-900503-2047 -Zec5.5 30900-900503-2100 -Zec5.6 ('The meaning of this vision,' says Archbishop Newcome, 'seems to be, that the Babylonish captivity had happened on account of the wickedness of the Jews, and that a like dispersion would befal them if they relapsed into like crimes.' The woman who sat in the ephah was an emblem of the Jewish nation; the casting the weight of lead on the mouth of the ephah seems to mean the condemnation of the Jews, after they had filled up the measure of their iniquities by crucifying the Messiah; the 'two women, with wings like a stork, and the wind in their wings,' seem emblematical of the Roman armies and the rapidity of their conquests; and their lifting up the ephah and carrying it through the air, to build it a house in Shinar or Babylon, where it was fixed on its own basis, represents the taking of Jerusalem, the dispersion of the Jews, and the long continuance of that calamity, as a just punishment of their unbelief.) 30901-900503-2103 -Zec5.7 30902-900503-2106 -Zec5.8 30903-900503-2107 -Zec5.9 30905-900503-2109 -Zec5.11 30906-900503-2114 -Zec6.1 1 The vision of the four chariots 9 By the crowns of Joshua are shewn the temple and kingdom of Christ the Branch 30907-900503-2116 -Zec6.2 30908-900503-2118 -Zec6.3 30909-900503-2120 -Zec6.4 30910-900503-2124 -Zec6.5 30911-900503-2127 -Zec6.6 30912-900503-2128 -Zec6.7 30913-900504-1934 -Zec6.8 30914-900504-1936 -Zec6.9 30915-900504-1937 -Zec6.10 30916-900504-1939 -Zec6.11 30917-900504-1947 -Zec6.12 shall build 30918-900504-1955 -Zec6.13 30919-900504-2000 -Zec6.14 30920-900504-2003 -Zec6.15 30921-900504-2007 -Zec7.1 1 The captives enquire concerning the set fasts 4 Zechariah reproves the hypocrisy of their fasting 8 Sin the cause of their captivity 30922-900504-2010 -Zec7.2 30923-900504-2017 -Zec7.3 (This was a fast for the burning of the temple, as that of the seventh month was for the death of Gedaliah; and seeing that the city and temple were in part rebuilt, they wished to know whether they should continue the observance of them.) 30925-900504-2023 -Zec7.5 (From the eleventh year of Zedekiah to the fourth of Darius Hystapses are just seventy years.) 30926-900504-2025 -Zec7.6 30927-900504-2030 -Zec7.7 30929-900504-2036 -Zec7.9 30930-900504-2043 -Zec7.10 30931-900504-2053 -Zec7.11 30932-900504-2100 -Zec7.12 30933-900504-2103 -Zec7.13 30934-900504-2108 -Zec7.14 30935-900505-1013 -Zec8.1 1 The restoration of Jerusalem 9 They are encouraged to build the temple by God's favour to them 16 Good works are required of them 18 Joy and enlargement are promised 30936-900505-1015 -Zec8.2 30937-900505-1117 -Zec8.3 30938-900505-1120 -Zec8.4 30939-900505-1123 -Zec8.5 30940-900505-1126 -Zec8.6 30941-900505-1129 -Zec8.7 30942-900505-1134 -Zec8.8 30943-900505-1151 -Zec8.9 30944-900505-1155 -Zec8.10 etc. neither 30945-900505-1233 -Zec8.11 30946-900505-1238 -Zec8.12 30947-900505-1253 -Zec8.13 (The consideration that all nations who now worship the true God, and receive the Sacred Scriptures as His word, have derived the whole of their divine knowledge, under God, from Jewish prophets, apostles, and teachers, and that the Saviour 'in whom all nations shall be blessed,' sprang from that favoured race, emphaticallly explains what is meant by 'ye shall be a blessing.' The full accomplishment of this prediction, however, is probably reserved for the future restoration of the Jews.) 30948-900505-1256 -Zec8.14 30949-900505-1258 -Zec8.15 30950-900506-1937 -Zec8.16 the judgment of peace 30951-900506-1943 -Zec8.17 30953-900506-1949 -Zec8.19 30954-900506-1954 -Zec8.20 30955-900506-1958 -Zec8.21 30956-900506-2043 -Zec8.22 30957-900506-2049 -Zec8.23 30958-900506-2120 -Zec9.1 1 God defends his church 9 Zion is exhorted to rejoice for the coming of Christ, and his peaceable kingdom 12 God's promises of victory and defence 30959-900506-2123 -Zec9.2 30960-900506-2126 -Zec9.3 30961-900506-2128 -Zec9.4 30962-900507-0924 -Zec9.5 30963-900507-0926 -Zec9.6 30964-900507-1158 -Zec9.7 30965-900507-1218 -Zec9.8 30966-900507-1226 -Zec9.9 30967-900507-1232 -Zec9.10 30968-900507-1238 -Zec9.11 30969-900507-1242 -Zec9.12 30970-900507-1248 -Zec9.13 30971-900507-1613 -Zec9.14 30972-900507-1623 -Zec9.15 drink 30973-900507-1629 -Zec9.16 30974-900507-1635 -Zec9.17 30975-900507-1642 -Zec10.1 1 God is sought unto, and not idols 3 As he visited his flock for sin, so he will save and restore them 30976-900507-1649 -Zec10.2 30977-900507-1655 -Zec10.3 30978-900507-1700 -Zec10.4 30979-900507-1919 -Zec10.5 make the riders on horses ashamed 30980-900507-1929 -Zec10.6 30981-900507-1942 -Zec10.7 30982-900507-1948 -Zec10.8 30983-900507-1953 -Zec10.9 30984-900507-1959 -Zec10.10 30985-900507-2002 -Zec10.11 30986-900507-2006 -Zec10.12 30987-900507-2013 -Zec11.1 1 The destruction of Jerusalem 3 The elect being cared for, the rest are rejected 10 The staves of Beauty and Bands broken by the rejection of Christ 15 The type and curse of a foolish shepherd 30988-900508-1218 -Zec11.2 30989-900508-1225 -Zec11.3 30990-900508-1230 -Zec11.4 30991-900508-1236 -Zec11.5 30992-900508-1245 -Zec11.6 30993-900509-1242 -Zec11.7 30994-900509-1247 -Zec11.8 30995-900509-1252 -Zec11.9 30996-900509-1910 -Zec11.10 30997-900509-1917 -Zec11.11 30998-900509-1936 -Zec11.12 30999-900509-1938 -Zec11.13 31000-900509-1941 -Zec11.14 31001-900509-1943 -Zec11.15 31002-900509-1947 -Zec11.16 31003-900509-1953 -Zec11.17 31004-900509-2003 -Zec12.1 1 Jerusalem a cup of trembling to herself 3 and a burdensome stone to her adversaries 6 The victorious restoring of Judah 10 The repentance of Jerusalem 31005-900509-2010 -Zec12.2 shall be in siege against Jerusalem 31006-900509-2015 -Zec12.3 31007-900509-2023 -Zec12.4 31008-900510-1503 -Zec12.5 inhabitants, etc. 31009-900510-1509 -Zec12.6 31010-900510-1514 -Zec12.7 31011-900510-1522 -Zec12.8 31012-900510-1525 -Zec12.9 31013-900510-1538 -Zec12.10 ( That this relates to the crucifixion of Jesus of Nazareth, and to his being pierced by the soldier's spear, we have the authority of the inspired apostle John for affirming; and this application agrees with the opinion of some of the ancient Jews, who interpret it of Messiah the son of David, as Moses Hadarson, on Ge. ch.28, though Jarchi and Abarbanel refer it to the death of Messiah the son of Joseph, whom they say was to be the suffering Messiah, while the former is to be the triumphanat Messiah.) 31014-900510-1542 -Zec12.11 31015-900510-1545 -Zec12.12 31016-900510-1548 -Zec12.13 31017-900510-1550 -Zec12.14 31018-900510-1556 -Zec13.1 1 The fountain of purgation for Jerusalem 2 fro idolatry, and false prophecy 7 The death of Christ, and the trial of a third part 31019-900510-1604 -Zec13.2 31020-900510-1607 -Zec13.3 31021-900510-1609 -Zec13.4 31022-900510-1611 -Zec13.5 31023-900510-1612 -Zec13.6 31024-900510-2016 -Zec13.7 31025-900510-2026 -Zec13.8 31026-900510-2034 -Zec13.9 31027-900510-2040 -Zec14.1 1 The destroyers of Jerusalem destroyed 3 The coming of Christ, and the graces of his kingdom 12 The plague of Jerusalem's enemies 16 The remnant shall turn to the Lord 20 and their spoils shall be holy 31028-900510-2045 -Zec14.2 31029-900510-2049 -Zec14.3 31030-900510-2052 -Zec14.4 31031-900510-2100 -Zec14.5 shall touch the valley of the mountains to the place he separated. ye shall flee 31032-900510-2105 -Zec14.6 dark in other places of the world.' not 31033-900511-1239 -Zec14.7 31034-900511-1242 -Zec14.8 31035-900511-1248 -Zec14.9 31036-900511-1253 -Zec14.10 31037-900511-1258 -Zec14.11 31038-900511-1304 -Zec14.12 31039-900511-1308 -Zec14.13 31040-900511-1311 -Zec14.14 31041-900511-1312 -Zec14.15 31042-900511-1317 -Zec14.16 31043-900511-1323 -Zec14.17 31044-900511-1326 -Zec14.18 31045-900511-1326 -Zec14.19 31046-900511-1335 -Zec14.20 31047-900511-1743 -Zec14.21 (The predictions contained in this chapter seem to relate to events which gradually extend from the death of Christ to the glorious days of the millenium:- the destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans whose armies were composed of many nations, which was 'the day of the Lord,' in which he came 'to destroy those who would not that he should reign over them.' (ver. 1,2;) the subversion of the Roman empire, after being the executioners of the Divine vengeance on the Jews, by God's stirring up the barbarous nations to invade them, (ver. 3;) the effusion of Divine knowledge from Jerusalem, by the promulgation of the Gospel, (ver. 4-9;) the rebuilding and replenishing of Jerusalem, (ver. 10,11;) the destruction of the nations who shall fight against her, (ver. 12-15;) the conversion of the remnant of those nations to the Lord, (ver. 16-19;) and the peace and purity of the universal church in the latter days, (ver. 20,21.)) 31048-900204-1022 -Mal1.1 1 Malachi complains of Israel's unkindness 2 Of their irreligiousness and profaneness 31049-900204-1028 -Mal1.2 (The prophet shews in these verses (2-5) how much Jacob and the Israelites were favoured by Jehovah, more than Esau and the Edomites. Through every period of the history of Jacob's posterity, they could not deny that God had remarkably appeared on their behalf; but he had rendered the heritage of of Esau's descendants, by wars and various other means, barren and waste for ever.) 31050-900117-1133 -Mal1.3 31051-900117-1204 -Mal1.4 31052-900203-1213 -Mal1.5 31053-900118-1932 -Mal1.6 (From this verse to ch. 2:9, the prophet reproves the priests and people for sacrificing the refuse of beasts; and denounces punishment against the former for not teaching the people their duty in this respect.) 31054-900118-1940 -Mal1.7 31055-900118-1947 -Mal1.8 31056-900118-1954 -Mal1.9 31057-900118-2018 -Mal1.10 (Instead of mi 'who' one MS. (30 K.) with the LXX reads ki 'surely' which is adopted by Houbigant and Abp. Newcome, who renders, 'Surely the doors shall be closed against you, neither shall ye kindle the fire of my altar in vain.') * even # Job 1.9-11 Is 56.11,12 Je 6.13,8.10 Mi 3.11 # Jno 10.12 Phi 2.21 1Pe 5.2 * neither # 1Co 9.13 * I have # Is 1.11-15 Je 6.20 Am 5.21-24 He 10.38 31058-900118-2046 -Mal1.11 (As the preceeding verse was a prediction of the abolition of the Levitical priesthood, so this is a prophecy of the conversion of the Gentiles, and the spiritual priesthood of the Gospel times. As none but priests of Aaron's race might burn incense before Jehovah, a total change of the external administration of the sacred ordinances is evidently predicted.) 31059-900118-2057 -Mal1.12 31060-900118-2112 -Mal1.13 away 31061-900118-2136 -Mal1.14 31062-900118-2142 -Mal2.1 1 He sharply reproves the priests for neglecting the covenant 10 and the people for marrying strange wives 13 and for putting away their former ones 17 and for infidelity 31063-900119-0913 -Mal2.2 31064-900119-0920 -Mal2.3 away to it 31065-900119-0924 -Mal2.4 31066-900119-0929 -Mal2.5 31067-900119-0934 -Mal2.6 31068-900119-0949 -Mal2.7 31069-900120-1017 -Mal2.8 31070-900203-1215 -Mal2.9 Heb. accepted faces 31071-900121-1929 -Mal2.10 31072-900121-1940 -Mal2.11 31073-900121-1949 -Mal2.12 that answereth 31074-900121-1954 -Mal2.13 31075-900121-2006 -Mal2.14 31076-900121-2022 -Mal2.15 31077-900121-2031 -Mal2.16 away. Heb. to put away. covereth 31078-900121-2044 -Mal2.17 31079-900124-0812 -Mal3.1 1 Of the messenger, majesty, and grace of Christ 7 Of the rebellion 8 sacrilege 13 and infidelity of the people 16 The promise of blessing to them that fear God 31080-900124-0823 -Mal3.2 31081-900124-0836 -Mal3.3 31082-900124-0846 -Mal3.4 31083-900124-1926 -Mal3.5 31084-900203-1216 -Mal3.6 31085-900124-2002 -Mal3.7 31086-900124-2008 -Mal3.8 31087-900124-2012 -Mal3.9 31088-900124-2020 -Mal3.10 31089-900124-2025 -Mal3.11 31090-900124-2043 -Mal3.12 31091-900124-2048 -Mal3.13 31092-900124-2051 -Mal3.14 31093-900124-2100 -Mal3.15 31094-900124-2129 -Mal3.16 31095-900125-1909 -Mal3.17 31096-900125-1924 -Mal3.18 31097-900125-1933 -Mal4.1 1 God's judgment on the wicked 2 and his blessing on the good 4 He exhorts to the study of the law 5 and tells of Elijah's coming and office 31098-900125-1949 -Mal4.2 31099-900203-1222 -Mal4.3 31100-900125-2054 -Mal4.4 31101-900125-2109 -Mal4.5 31102-900125-2120 -Mal4.6  ~~~~~~